EP0667233B1 - Peelable laminate and its application in the manufacture of shims - Google Patents

Peelable laminate and its application in the manufacture of shims Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0667233B1
EP0667233B1 EP95400294A EP95400294A EP0667233B1 EP 0667233 B1 EP0667233 B1 EP 0667233B1 EP 95400294 A EP95400294 A EP 95400294A EP 95400294 A EP95400294 A EP 95400294A EP 0667233 B1 EP0667233 B1 EP 0667233B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
peelable
layer
product according
lamellas
thickness
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95400294A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0667233A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel André Gastel
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
    • E06B1/56—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames
    • E06B1/60—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames by mechanical means, e.g. anchoring means
    • E06B1/6069—Separate spacer means acting exclusively in the plane of the opening; Shims; Wedges; Tightening of a complete frame inside a wall opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/3605—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by their material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/10—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
    • F16F3/12—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction the steel spring being in contact with the rubber spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
    • B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
    • B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
    • B32B2309/105—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2226/00—Manufacturing; Treatments
    • F16F2226/04—Assembly or fixing methods; methods to form or fashion parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2236/00—Mode of stressing of basic spring or damper elements or devices incorporating such elements
    • F16F2236/04—Compression

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite product peelable laminate and its application to the manufacture of adjustment shims.
  • a machine or mechanical system may include hundreds or thousands of exhibits each of the tolerances of proper dimensions including the sum can result in "considerable" games of the order of several millimeters.
  • Adjustment shims often adopt the outline outside and any piercing of the organs between which they are inserted with timing accuracy sometimes less than a micrometer, most often the order of a few tens of ⁇ m.
  • the setting operation is inevitable in sets slightly complex mechanics and it is taken into account from their conception.
  • a first technique consists in rectifying parts monoblock to the desired dimension after measuring the game to compensate. This technique has many disadvantages, it requires in particular the use a machine tool to adjust the adjustment shims on site and at the time of assembly, which lengthens the assembly time and increases manufacturing costs.
  • a second technique consists in stacking fine metallic foils, called “foils”, thick variable that is interposed in accessible games.
  • This calibration technique is very imprecise because during of stacking, we also interpose residues, dust, grease and / or chips, which makes the result very random.
  • a third technique consists in making a product laminated laminated composite consisting of a stack of peelable strips separated and adhered by a binder material film.
  • the latter technique has the advantage of being able quickly and easily reduce the thickness of the shims to the desired dimension at the time of assembly, by making a simple peeling of one or more strips of the product composite.
  • This laminated peelable composite product therefore allows to ensure a setting as precise as the wedges rectified, but at a much lower cost and without the risks of imprecision linked to the second technical.
  • peelable shims can be machined to willingness to adopt the outline and shapes of games to fill.
  • thermosetting resin for example films of polyimide of the Kapton® type, linked together by a polyester resin, acrylic resin or cyanoacrylate.
  • the stack of slats is linked by a adhesive resin to a phenolic resin base.
  • the base and the slats are all made up of a polymer type material.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a laminated, peelable composite product for cushioning vibrations passing through it, while maintaining good mechanical characteristics.
  • the subject of the present invention is a composite product peelable laminate comprising a stack of lamellae peelable separated and adhered by a film of binder material, characterized in that it further comprises at least one layer of which the constituent material is different from the material of the peelable strips, one of said constituent materials being a material metallic while the other is a polymer, said layer also being adhered to the stack of lamellae with a film of binder material.
  • Providing a "heterogeneous" stack polymer / metal of peelable coverslips and a layer allows to absorb and filter transmitted vibrations.
  • the material metallic is chosen from aluminum, steel, stainless steel, brass, titanium and their alloys.
  • the polymer is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate glycol and polycarbonate.
  • the stack of the product of the invention consists of two overlapping slices of peelable strips and enclosing the aforementioned layer.
  • the binder material can be formed from a mixture of a resin polymerizable, preferably epoxy, a hardener and of a solvent.
  • the layer mentioned above is in one piece.
  • the ratio R of the thickness of the aforementioned layer over the total thickness of the stack of peelable strips is preferably less than 1: 1.
  • the present invention also relates to the application of laminated laminated composite product mentioned above during manufacture adjustment shims.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a test piece of the laminated laminated composite product of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a frequency diagram representing the amplitude of a signal transmitted through a classic test tube as a function of frequency.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are frequency diagrams representing the amplitude of the signal transmitted through the test piece of the invention according to the frequency, according to two different thicknesses of the polymer layer.
  • the laminated laminated composite product of the invention is in the form of a bar parallelepiped or test piece, consisting of a stack of peelable metal strips 1 and a one-piece polymer layer 2.
  • Layer 2 is sandwiched between two stacks of coverslips peelable 1.
  • the peelable strips 1 and the layer 2 are separated and adhered by a film of binder material 3 of very thin.
  • laminated peelable composite product by replacing the lamella material by layer material monobloc, that is to say by making lamellae polymer and a metallic monobloc layer.
  • the resin coated strip is continuously subjected to blowing hot air to evaporate as much solvent as possible.
  • Resin is used as a binder and mixed with a hardener and a solvent in variable proportions according to the desired grip.
  • a weight proportion of the components of the binder material of 70% in epoxy resin, 27% in hardener and 3% solvent provides a extremely strong adhesion.
  • the stack of metal sheets, the layer of polymer and resin films is then subjected to a very high pressure in press, and checked in flatness and parallelism to evacuate the surplus of binding material.
  • the heat treatment in oven has a duration between 15 and 20 hours.
  • a bi-stretched polyterephthalate because it is stable after heat treatment, biodegradable, its mechanical characteristics are comparable to generally used metal slats and there continuously withstands a temperature of 130 ° C.
  • the test tube of this example includes a stack of stainless steel slats separated and bonded by a polymerizable resin film, but does not contain layer of polymeric material.
  • Each stainless steel strip has a thickness of 5 hundredths of a mm (50 ⁇ m) for a total thickness 2 mm test tube.
  • the test tube therefore contains 40 stainless steel slats.
  • the total thickness of the polymerizable resin binder material is 2 ⁇ m.
  • This analysis is to vibrate freely the test piece embedded at one end and to be recorded the vibration signal in a spectrum analyzer.
  • This frequency dispersion is linked to the coefficient vibration damping ⁇ because the attenuation of vibrations is accompanied by a small variation in frequency around the transmission frequency.
  • the vibration damping is all the greater as this frequency dispersion increases, that is to say that the curve illustrated in Figures 2 to 4 widens.
  • test piece was also subjected to a Vickers test HV5 compression and we get an estimate of the mechanical resistance of 440 MPa ⁇ 20%.
  • This test piece therefore has a total thickness of 2.1 mm for a total resin thickness of approximately 1 ⁇ m.
  • the vibration damping coefficient of this test piece is determined and a rate ⁇ 2 18 2.187 / 203 ⁇ 11.10 -3 is obtained which is greater than twice the rate ⁇ 1 of the example of the art prior.
  • test piece 2 of the invention exhibits amplitude and duration amortization of the signal transmitted greater than 50% compared to the test tube No. 1 of the prior art.
  • a Vickers HV5 test also gives estimate of the mechanical resistance of 510 MPa ⁇ 20%.
  • test piece 2 of the invention consists entirely of stainless steel slats.
  • This test piece therefore has a total thickness of 2 mm, for a total resin thickness of approximately 1 ⁇ m.
  • a Vickers HV5 test also gives estimate of the mechanical resistance of 420 MPa ⁇ 20%.
  • Test tube No. 3 further dampens the transmitted signal that the test tube 1 of the prior art, but has lower mechanical characteristics.
  • the thickness of the polymer layer should therefore not be too large compared to the total thickness of the product.
  • the thickness of the peelable strips can advantageously vary between 25 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the product of the present invention can be applied especially in the aeronautical industry, in machine tools, in the steel industry and in equipment railway, and in any mechanical industry in general.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un produit composite laminé pelable et son application à la fabrication de cales de réglage.The present invention relates to a composite product peelable laminate and its application to the manufacture of adjustment shims.

Toutes les pièces mécaniques présentent des tolérances de dimensions pour leur fabrication et leur usinage.All mechanical parts have tolerances of dimensions for their manufacture and machining.

Une machine ou un système mécanique peut comporter des centaines ou des milliers de pièces qui présentent chacune des tolérances de dimensions propres dont la somme peut résulter en des jeux "considérables" de l'ordre de plusieurs millimètres.A machine or mechanical system may include hundreds or thousands of exhibits each of the tolerances of proper dimensions including the sum can result in "considerable" games of the order of several millimeters.

Les jeux résultant de tolérances de dimensions ne sont pas admissibles et doivent être compensés pour permettre à la machine ou au système d'assurer correctement sa fonction.Clearances resulting from dimensional tolerances are not not eligible and must be compensated to allow machine or system to properly function.

On utilise à cet effet des pièces dites "cales de réglage" de forme complémentaire aux jeux considérés, qui sont insérées lors du montage dans les jeux en question, en vue de les éliminer.For this purpose, so-called "wedges of adjustment "of complementary form to the games considered, which are inserted during assembly in sets in question, in order to eliminate them.

Les cales de réglage adoptent souvent le contour extérieur et les percages éventuels des organes entre lesquels elles sont insérées avec une précision de calage quelquefois inférieure au micromètre, le plus souvent de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de µm.Adjustment shims often adopt the outline outside and any piercing of the organs between which they are inserted with timing accuracy sometimes less than a micrometer, most often the order of a few tens of µm.

L'opération de calage est inévitable dans les ensembles mécaniques un peu complexes et elle est prise en compte dès leur conception.The setting operation is inevitable in sets slightly complex mechanics and it is taken into account from their conception.

On connaít actuellemenent trois différentes techniques de calage. We currently know three different techniques of wedging.

Une première technique consiste à rectifier des pièces monobloc jusqu'à la dimension désirée après mesure du jeu à compenser. Cette technique présente de nombreux inconvénients, elle nécessite notamment l'utilisation d'une machine-outil pour rectifier les cales de réglage sur le site et au moment du montage, ce qui allonge la durée de montage et augmente les coûts de fabrication.A first technique consists in rectifying parts monoblock to the desired dimension after measuring the game to compensate. This technique has many disadvantages, it requires in particular the use a machine tool to adjust the adjustment shims on site and at the time of assembly, which lengthens the assembly time and increases manufacturing costs.

Une seconde technique consiste à empiler de fines feuilles métalliques, dites "clinquants", d'épaisseur variable que l'on interpose dans les jeux accessibles. Cette technique de calage est très imprécise car lors de l'empilage, on interpose également des résidus, de la poussière, de la graisse et/ou des copeaux, ce qui rend le résultat très aléatoire.A second technique consists in stacking fine metallic foils, called "foils", thick variable that is interposed in accessible games. This calibration technique is very imprecise because during of stacking, we also interpose residues, dust, grease and / or chips, which makes the result very random.

Une troisième technique consiste à réaliser un produit composite laminé pelable constitué d'un empilement de lamelles pelables séparées et adhérisées par une pellicule de matériau liant.A third technique consists in making a product laminated laminated composite consisting of a stack of peelable strips separated and adhered by a binder material film.

Cette dernière technique présente l'avantage de pouvoir rapidement et aisément réduire l'épaisseur des cales à la cote désirée au moment du montage, en effectuant un simple pelage d'une ou plusieurs lamelles du produit composite.The latter technique has the advantage of being able quickly and easily reduce the thickness of the shims to the desired dimension at the time of assembly, by making a simple peeling of one or more strips of the product composite.

Ce produit composite laminé pelable permet donc d'assurer un calage aussi précis que les cales rectifiées, mais avec un coût nettement inférieur et sans les risques d'imprécision liés à la seconde technique. This laminated peelable composite product therefore allows to ensure a setting as precise as the wedges rectified, but at a much lower cost and without the risks of imprecision linked to the second technical.

En outre, ces cales pelables peuvent être usinées à volonté pour adopter le contour et les formes des jeux à combler.In addition, these peelable shims can be machined to willingness to adopt the outline and shapes of games to fill.

On peut citer le document US-A-4, 526, 641 qui décrit une cale pelable non métallique constituée de lamelles de résine thermcdurcissable, par exemple des films de polyimide du type Kapton®, liées entre elles par une résine de polyester, une résine acrylique ou cyanoacrylate. L'empilement de lamelles est lié par une résine adhésive à une base en résine phénolique.Mention may be made of document US-A-4, 526, 641 which describes a non-metallic peelable shim made of thermosetting resin, for example films of polyimide of the Kapton® type, linked together by a polyester resin, acrylic resin or cyanoacrylate. The stack of slats is linked by a adhesive resin to a phenolic resin base.

Ainsi, la base et les lamelles sont toutes constituées en un matériau du type polymère.Thus, the base and the slats are all made up of a polymer type material.

Il est généralement connu dans la technique, que les commandes et les transmissions de mouvements dans les machines mécaniques s'accompagnent de vibrations "parasites" et indésirables dont la fréquence de vibration peut nuire au bon fonctionnement de ces dernières.It is generally known in the art, that motion controls and transmissions in mechanical machines are accompanied by vibrations "parasites" and undesirable whose frequency of vibration can affect the proper functioning of these past.

La propagation des vibrations parasites dans les machines est un problème inhérent au fonctionnement de ces dernières et indépendant des cales de réglage.The propagation of parasitic vibrations in machines is a problem inherent in the functioning of these latest and independent of the shims.

Ne sachant pas actuellement supprimer ces vibrations parasites, on cherche à les amortir.Not currently knowing how to suppress these vibrations parasites, we try to dampen them.

La présente invention a donc pour but de proposer un produit composite laminé pelable permettant d'amortir les vibrations le traversant, tout en conservant de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques. The present invention therefore aims to provide a laminated, peelable composite product for cushioning vibrations passing through it, while maintaining good mechanical characteristics.

La présente invention a pour objet un produit composite laminé pelable comportant un empilement de lamelles pelables séparées et adhérisées par une pellicule de matériau liant, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre au moins une couche dont le matériau constitutif est différent du matériau constitutif des lamelles pelables, un desdits matériaux constitutifs étant un matériau métallique tandis que l'autre est un polymère, ladite couche étant également adhérisée à l'empilement de lamelles par une pellicule de matériau liant.The subject of the present invention is a composite product peelable laminate comprising a stack of lamellae peelable separated and adhered by a film of binder material, characterized in that it further comprises at least one layer of which the constituent material is different from the material of the peelable strips, one of said constituent materials being a material metallic while the other is a polymer, said layer also being adhered to the stack of lamellae with a film of binder material.

Le fait de prévoir un empilement "hétérogène" polymère/métal de lamelles pelables et d'une couche permet d'amortir et de filtrer les vibrations transmises. Providing a "heterogeneous" stack polymer / metal of peelable coverslips and a layer allows to absorb and filter transmitted vibrations.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le matériau métallique est choisi parmi l'aluminium, l'acier, l'inox,le laiton, le titane et leurs alliages.According to a characteristic of the invention, the material metallic is chosen from aluminum, steel, stainless steel, brass, titanium and their alloys.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le polymère est choisi entre le polytéréphtalate d'éthylène glycol et le polycarbonate.According to another characteristic of the invention, the polymer is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate glycol and polycarbonate.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, l'empilement du produit de l'invention est constitué de deux tranches de lamelles pelables superposées et enserrant la couche précitée.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the stack of the product of the invention consists of two overlapping slices of peelable strips and enclosing the aforementioned layer.

Le matériau liant peut être formé du mélange d'une résine polymérisable, de préférence époxyde, d'un durcisseur et d'un solvant.The binder material can be formed from a mixture of a resin polymerizable, preferably epoxy, a hardener and of a solvent.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la couche précitée est monobloc.According to another characteristic of the invention, the layer mentioned above is in one piece.

Le rapport R de l'épaisseur de la couche précitée sur l'épaisseur totale de l'empilement de lamelles pelables est de préférence inférieur à 1 :1.The ratio R of the thickness of the aforementioned layer over the total thickness of the stack of peelable strips is preferably less than 1: 1.

La présente invention vise également l'application du produit composite laminé pelable précité à la fabrication de cales de réglage.The present invention also relates to the application of laminated laminated composite product mentioned above during manufacture adjustment shims.

Il est particulièrement avantageux d'amortir les vibrations parasites au niveau des cales de réglage, car ces dernières sont généralement montées dans des zones très sensibles aux vibrations transmises, du fait que ces cales sont généralement à l'intersection de nombreuses transmissions de mouvement dans une machine considérée.It is particularly advantageous to amortize the parasitic vibrations at the adjustment shims because these are usually mounted in areas very sensitive to transmitted vibrations, due to that these wedges are generally at the intersection of many motion transmissions in one machine considered.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaítront plus clairement dans la description explicative qui va suivre de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, actuellement préférés de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemples illustratifs et non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins schématiques, annexés, dans lesquels:The invention will be better understood and other aims, features, details and benefits of it will appear more clearly in the description explanatory which will follow several modes of particular achievements, currently preferred by the invention, given only as examples illustrative and not limiting, with reference to schematic drawings, annexed, in which:

La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une éprouvette du produit composite laminé pelable de l'invention.Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a test piece of the laminated laminated composite product of the invention.

La figure 2 est un diagramme fréquentiel représentant l'amplitude d'un signal transmis à travers une éprouvette classique en fonction de la fréquence.Figure 2 is a frequency diagram representing the amplitude of a signal transmitted through a classic test tube as a function of frequency.

Les figures 3 et 4 sont des diagrammes fréquentiels représentant l'amplitude du signal transmis à travers l'éprouvette de l'invention en fonction de la fréquence, suivant deux épaisseurs différentes de la couche en polymère.Figures 3 and 4 are frequency diagrams representing the amplitude of the signal transmitted through the test piece of the invention according to the frequency, according to two different thicknesses of the polymer layer.

Suivant l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1, le produit composite laminé pelable de l'invention se présente sous la forme d'une barre parallélépipèdique ou éprouvette, constituée d'un empilement de lamelles métalliques pelables 1 et d'une couche monobloc en polymère 2.According to the example of embodiment shown on the Figure 1, the laminated laminated composite product of the invention is in the form of a bar parallelepiped or test piece, consisting of a stack of peelable metal strips 1 and a one-piece polymer layer 2.

La couche 2 est intercalée entre deux piles de lamelles pelables 1. Layer 2 is sandwiched between two stacks of coverslips peelable 1.

Les lamelles pelables 1 et la couche 2 sont séparées et adhérisées par une pellicule de matériau liant 3 de très faible épaisseur.The peelable strips 1 and the layer 2 are separated and adhered by a film of binder material 3 of very thin.

On voit sur la figure 1 que la lamelle métallique supérieure 1 est partiellement pelée.We see in Figure 1 that the metal strip upper 1 is partially peeled.

Bien entendu, on peut réaliser en variante un autre produit composite laminé pelable en substituant le matériau des lamelles par le matériau de la couche monobloc, c'est-à-dire en réalisant des lamelles en polymère et une couche monobloc métallique.Of course, another variant can be produced. laminated peelable composite product by replacing the lamella material by layer material monobloc, that is to say by making lamellae polymer and a metallic monobloc layer.

Dans tout ce qui va suivre, on se limitera à la description de l'exemple de réalisation illustré sur la figure 1, mais le même raisonnement est applicable à la variante de réalisation précitée.In all that follows, we will limit ourselves to the description of the exemplary embodiment illustrated on the Figure 1, but the same reasoning is applicable to the aforementioned variant embodiment.

On va maintenant décrire un procédé de fabrication du produit de l'invention.We will now describe a process for manufacturing the product of the invention.

On découpe une pluralité de feuilles très minces métalliques à partir d'un feuillard enroulé sur un tambour et enduit en surface d'un film de résine diluée extrêmement fin, d'une épaisseur de l'ordre du micromètre.We cut a plurality of very thin sheets metal from a strip wound on a drum and coated on the surface with a diluted resin film extremely thin, with a thickness of the order of a micrometer.

Le feuillard enduit de résine est continuement soumis à un soufflage d'air chaud pour évaporer le plus de solvant que possible.The resin coated strip is continuously subjected to blowing hot air to evaporate as much solvent as possible.

Puis on empile ladite pluralité de feuilles métalliques en intercalant une couche de polymère d'épaisseur choisie. Then stacking said plurality of metal sheets by inserting a layer of thick polymer chosen.

La résine est utilisée en tant que matériau liant et mélangée à un durcisseur et un solvant en des proportions variables suivant l'adhérence désirée.Resin is used as a binder and mixed with a hardener and a solvent in variable proportions according to the desired grip.

Par exemple, une proportion pondérale des composants du matériau liant de 70% en résine époxyde, 27% en durcisseur et 3% en solvant permet d'obtenir une adhérence extrêmement forte.For example, a weight proportion of the components of the binder material of 70% in epoxy resin, 27% in hardener and 3% solvent provides a extremely strong adhesion.

D'autre part, un mélange présentant une proportion pondérale des composants de 62,5% en résine, 25% en durcisseur et 12,5% en solvant, permet d'obtenir une adhérence moindre.On the other hand, a mixture having a proportion component weight of 62.5% in resin, 25% in hardener and 12.5% solvent, provides a less adhesion.

L'empilement des feuilles métalliques, de la couche de polymère et des films de résine est alors soumis à une très forte pression sous presse, et contrôlé en planéité et parallélisme pour évacuer le surplus de matériau liant.The stack of metal sheets, the layer of polymer and resin films is then subjected to a very high pressure in press, and checked in flatness and parallelism to evacuate the surplus of binding material.

On effectue ensuite un traitement thermique en étuve avec par exemple les étapes suivantes :

  • élévation progressive de la température de l'ensemble à partir de la température ambiante jusqu'à environ 90-100°C, en une heure, approximativement,
  • palier d'une heure environ à cette température pour évacuer le solvant résiduel, afin d'éviter le phénomène de bullage dû à la formation de poches de gaz entre les lamelles de métal, à la suite de la décomposition du solvant à la chaleur,
  • élévation progressive de la température pendant 4 heures jusqu'à 130-200°C suivant le matériau de base,
  • palier de 3 heures à cette température pour assurer la polymérisation et le durcissage de la résine époxyde, et
  • retour progressif à la température ambiante par ventilation d'air froid pendant environ 5 à 10 heures.
A heat treatment is then carried out in an oven with, for example, the following steps:
  • gradual increase in the temperature of the assembly from room temperature to approximately 90-100 ° C, in approximately one hour,
  • level of about one hour at this temperature to evacuate the residual solvent, in order to avoid the bubbling phenomenon due to the formation of gas pockets between the metal lamellae, following the decomposition of the solvent with heat,
  • gradual rise in temperature for 4 hours up to 130-200 ° C depending on the base material,
  • level of 3 hours at this temperature to ensure the polymerization and hardening of the epoxy resin, and
  • gradual return to room temperature by ventilation of cold air for approximately 5 to 10 hours.

D'une manière générale, le traitement thermique en étuve a une durée comprise entre 15 et 20 heures.Generally speaking, the heat treatment in oven has a duration between 15 and 20 hours.

On peut alors découper et usiner dans le produit obtenu des cales de réglage de forme et de taille quelconques.We can then cut and machine in the product obtained any shape and size adjustment shims.

Il est particulièrement avantageux d'utiliser en tant que matériau polymère pour la couche monobloc, un polytéréphtalate bi-étiré car il est stable après traitement thermique, biodégradable, ses caractéristiques mécaniques sont comparables aux lamelles métalliques généralement utilisées et il résiste en continu à une température de 130°C.It is particularly advantageous to use as that polymer material for the monoblock layer, a bi-stretched polyterephthalate because it is stable after heat treatment, biodegradable, its mechanical characteristics are comparable to generally used metal slats and there continuously withstands a temperature of 130 ° C.

On va maintenant décrire trois exemples de produits composites laminés pelables, en référence respectivement aux figures 2 à 4, représentant une analyse fréquentielle effectuée respectivement sur une éprouvette de l'art antérieur et sur deux éprouvettes du produit de l'invention.We will now describe three examples of laminated laminated products, with reference respectively in Figures 2 to 4, showing a frequency analysis performed respectively on a prior art test piece and on two test pieces of the product of the invention.

Exemple 1 de l'art antérieur.Example 1 of the prior art.

L'éprouvette de cet exemple, comporte un empilement de lamelles en inox séparées et adhérisées par une pellicule de résine polymérisable, mais ne comporte pas de couche de matière polymère. The test tube of this example includes a stack of stainless steel slats separated and bonded by a polymerizable resin film, but does not contain layer of polymeric material.

Chaque lamelle en inox présente une épaisseur de 5 centièmes de mm (50 µm) pour une épaisseur totale d'éprouvette de 2 mm. L'éprouvette comporte donc 40 lamelles en inox.Each stainless steel strip has a thickness of 5 hundredths of a mm (50 µm) for a total thickness 2 mm test tube. The test tube therefore contains 40 stainless steel slats.

L'épaisseur totale de la résine polymérisable du matériau liant est de 2µm.The total thickness of the polymerizable resin binder material is 2µm.

On peut donc négliger l'épaisseur de la résine par rapport à l'épaisseur des lamelles et de la couche en polymère.We can therefore neglect the thickness of the resin by in relation to the thickness of the lamellae and of the layer in polymer.

On a soumis cette éprouvette à une analyse fréquentielle illustrée sur la figure 2 pour évaluer son coefficient d'amortissement vibratoire.This test piece was subjected to analysis frequency illustrated in Figure 2 to assess its vibration damping coefficient.

Cette analyse consiste à faire vibrer librement l'éprouvette encastrée à une extrémité et à enregistrer le signal vibratoire dans un analyseur de spectre.This analysis is to vibrate freely the test piece embedded at one end and to be recorded the vibration signal in a spectrum analyzer.

On obtient une réponse sous forme d'un signal sinusoïdal dont l'amplitude s'amortit en raison des frottements internes du matériau.We get a response in the form of a signal sinusoidal whose amplitude is damped due to internal friction of the material.

La figure 2 représente la dispersion en fréquence du signal transmis à travers l'éprouvette après l'émission d'un signal f1=190 Hertz environ.FIG. 2 represents the frequency dispersion of the signal transmitted through the test piece after the emission of a signal f 1 = 190 Hertz approximately.

Cette dispersion de fréquence est liée au coefficient d'amortissement vibratoire ε car l'atténuation des vibrations s'accompagne d'une faible variation de fréquence autour de la fréquence d'émission.This frequency dispersion is linked to the coefficient vibration damping ε because the attenuation of vibrations is accompanied by a small variation in frequency around the transmission frequency.

L'amortissement vibratoire est d'autant plus grand que cette dispersion fréquentielle augmente, c'est-à-dire que la courbe illustrée sur les figures 2 à 4 s'élargit.The vibration damping is all the greater as this frequency dispersion increases, that is to say that the curve illustrated in Figures 2 to 4 widens.

On détermine sur diagramme de la figure 2 le coefficient d'amortissement vibratoire ε1 par la formule : ε1 = 2Δf1/f1 ≈ 1/190 ≈ 5.10-3. dans laquelle 2Δf1 est la variation de fréquence pour une amplitude atténuée du signal transmis égale à Am/√2, Am étant l'amplitude maximale à la fréquence f1 et l'atténuation en amplitude correspondant en représentation logarithmique à 3 dB sous l'amplitude maximale.The vibration damping coefficient ε 1 is determined on the diagram in FIG. 2 by the formula: ε 1 = 2Δf 1 / f 1 ≈ 1/190 ≈ 5.10 -3 . in which 2Δf 1 is the frequency variation for an attenuated amplitude of the transmitted signal equal to Am / √2, Am being the maximum amplitude at frequency f 1 and the corresponding amplitude attenuation in logarithmic representation at 3 dB below l maximum amplitude.

On a également soumis l'éprouvette à un essai Vickers HV5 de compression et on obtient une estimation de la résistance mécanique de 440 MPa ± 20%.The test piece was also subjected to a Vickers test HV5 compression and we get an estimate of the mechanical resistance of 440 MPa ± 20%.

Exemple 2 de l'invention.Example 2 of the invention.

Cette éprouvette comporte :

  • une première pile de lamelles en inox, présentant chacune une épaisseur de 0,1 mm pour une épaisseur totale de 0,8 mm,
  • une couche de matière polymère de 0,5 mm,
  • une deuxième pile de lamelles en inox comportant huit lamelles pour une épaisseur totale de 0,8 mm.
This test tube includes:
  • a first stack of stainless steel strips, each having a thickness of 0.1 mm for a total thickness of 0.8 mm,
  • a layer of polymer material of 0.5 mm,
  • a second stack of stainless steel strips with eight strips for a total thickness of 0.8 mm.

Cette éprouvette présente donc une épaisseur totale de 2,1 mm pour une épaisseur totale de résine d'environ 1 µm. This test piece therefore has a total thickness of 2.1 mm for a total resin thickness of approximately 1 µm.

La figure 3 représente la courbe de dispersion de fréquence pour un signal f2 = 203 Hertz environ.FIG. 3 represents the frequency dispersion curve for a signal f 2 = 203 Hertz approximately.

De manière analogue à l'exemple précédent, on détermine le coefficient d'amortissement vibratoire de cette éprouvette et on obtient un taux ε2 ≈ 2,187/203 ≈ 11.10-3 supérieur au double du taux ε1 de l'exemple de l'art antérieur.Analogously to the previous example, the vibration damping coefficient of this test piece is determined and a rate ε 2 18 2.187 / 203 ≈ 11.10 -3 is obtained which is greater than twice the rate ε 1 of the example of the art prior.

Par conséquent, l'éprouvette 2 de l'invention présente un amortissement en amplitude et en durée d'émission du signal transmis supérieur à 50% par rapport à l'éprouvette No. 1 de l'art antérieur.Consequently, the test piece 2 of the invention exhibits amplitude and duration amortization of the signal transmitted greater than 50% compared to the test tube No. 1 of the prior art.

On obtient également par un essai Vickers HV5 une estimation de la résistance mécanique de 510 MPa ± 20%.A Vickers HV5 test also gives estimate of the mechanical resistance of 510 MPa ± 20%.

On obtient donc de manière surprenante des caractéristiques mécaniques meilleures pour l'éprouvette 2 de l'invention que pour l'éprouvette de l'art antérieur qui est constituée entièrement de lamelles en inox.So we surprisingly get better mechanical characteristics for the test piece 2 of the invention as for the test piece of the prior art which consists entirely of stainless steel slats.

Exemple 3 de l'invention.Example 3 of the invention.

Cette éprouvette comporte :

  • une première pile de lamelles en inox présentant chacune une épaisseur de 5 centièmes de millimètre pour une épaisseur totale de 0,5 mm,
  • une couche polymère de 1 mm,
  • une deuxième pile de lamelles métalliques comportant dix lamelles pour une épaisseur totale de 0,5 mm.
This test tube includes:
  • a first stack of stainless steel strips each having a thickness of 5 hundredths of a millimeter for a total thickness of 0.5 mm,
  • a polymer layer of 1 mm,
  • a second stack of metal strips comprising ten strips for a total thickness of 0.5 mm.

Cette éprouvette comporte donc une épaisseur totale de 2 mm, pour une épaisseur totale de résine d'environ 1 µm.This test piece therefore has a total thickness of 2 mm, for a total resin thickness of approximately 1 µm.

La figure 4 représente la courbe de dispersion de fréquence pour un signal f3= 192 Hz environ.FIG. 4 represents the frequency dispersion curve for a signal f 3 = 192 Hz approximately.

De manière analogue aux exemples précédents, on obtient un coefficient d'amortissement vibratoire ε3 ≈ 1,813/192 ≈9.10-3.Similarly to the previous examples, a vibration damping coefficient ε 3 ≈ 1.813 / 192 ≈9.10 -3 is obtained.

On obtient également par un essai Vickers HV5 une estimation de la résistance mécanique de 420 MPa ± 20%.A Vickers HV5 test also gives estimate of the mechanical resistance of 420 MPa ± 20%.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas aux exemples donnés dans la présente description.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the examples given in the present description.

Les résultats des essais d'analyse fréquentielle et de compression Vickers HV5 sont répertoriés dans le tableau comparatif ci-dessous. Eprouvette 1 de l'art antérieur Eprouvette 2 de l'invention Eprouvette 3 de l'invention Coefficient d'amortissement ε 5.10-3 11.10-3 9. 10-3 Résistance mécanique par essai Vickers HV5 440 MPa ± 20% 510 MPa ± 20% 420 MPa ± 20% L'éprouvette No. 3 présente donc des caractéristiques d'amortissement vibratoire et de résistance mécanique inférieures à l'éprouvette No. 2 de l'invention.The results of the Vickers HV5 frequency analysis and compression tests are listed in the comparison table below. Test tube 1 of the prior art Test tube 2 of the invention Test tube 3 of the invention Damping coefficient ε 5.10 -3 11.10 -3 9. 10 -3 Mechanical resistance by Vickers HV5 test 440 MPa ± 20% 510 MPa ± 20% 420 MPa ± 20% The test piece No. 3 therefore exhibits vibration damping and mechanical strength characteristics that are lower than the test piece No. 2 of the invention.

L'éprouvette No. 3 amortit davantage le signal transmis que l'éprouvette 1 de l'art antérieur, mais présente des caractéristiques mécaniques inférieures.Test tube No. 3 further dampens the transmitted signal that the test tube 1 of the prior art, but has lower mechanical characteristics.

Par conséquent, il est souhaitable que le rapport de l'épaisseur de la couche polymère sur l'épaisseur totale de l'empilement de lamelles soit inférieur à R =1:1.Therefore, it is desirable that the report of the thickness of the polymer layer over the thickness total of the stack of lamellas is less than R = 1: 1.

On obtient des caractéristiques d'amortissement vibratoire et de résistance mécanique bien meilleures pour un rapport R=1:3, associé à l'exemple 2 de l'invention.Damping characteristics are obtained much better vibration and mechanical strength for a ratio R = 1: 3, associated with Example 2 of the invention.

L'épaisseur de la couche polymère ne doit donc pas être trop importante par rapport à l'épaisseur totale du produit.The thickness of the polymer layer should therefore not be too large compared to the total thickness of the product.

L'épaisseur des lamelles pelables peut avantageusement varier entre 25 et 100 µm.The thickness of the peelable strips can advantageously vary between 25 and 100 µm.

Le produit de la présente invention peut s'appliquer notamment à l'industrie aéronautique, dans les machine-outils, dans la sidérurgie et dans le matériel ferroviaire, et dans toute industrie mécanique en général.The product of the present invention can be applied especially in the aeronautical industry, in machine tools, in the steel industry and in equipment railway, and in any mechanical industry in general.

L'application de ce produit à la fabrication de cales de réglage permet d'atténuer la transmission des vibrations dans les machines mécaniques et également d'améliorer leur longévité de ce fait.Application of this product to the manufacture of shims adjusts the transmission of vibrations in mechanical machines and also thereby improve their longevity.

Claims (8)

  1. Peelable laminate product comprising a piling of peelable lamellas (1) separated and adhered by means of a film of binding material (3), characterized in that it further comprises at least one layer (2) the constitutive material of which is different from the constitutive material of the peelable lamellas (1), one of said constitutive materials being a metallic material while the other is a polymeric material, said layer (2) being also adhered to the piling of lamellas (1) by means of a film of the binding material (3).
  2. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallic material is chosen among aluminium, steel, stainless steel, brass, titanium and their alloys.
  3. Product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polymeric material is chosen between the ethylene glycol polyterephtalate and the polycarbonate.
  4. Product according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said piling is formed by two slices of peelable lamellas that are superimposed (1) and enclose said layer (2).
  5. Product according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binding material is formed by the mixture of a polymerisable resin, preferably an epoxy resin, a hardening agent and a solvent.
  6. Product according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said layer (2) is of a single piece.
  7. Product according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio R of the thickness of said layer (2) to the total thickness of the piling of the peelable lamellas (1) is smaller than 1:1.
  8. Application of the peelable laminate product according to anyone of the preceding claims to the making of adjusting shims. (7).
EP95400294A 1994-02-14 1995-02-13 Peelable laminate and its application in the manufacture of shims Expired - Lifetime EP0667233B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9401653A FR2716138B1 (en) 1994-02-14 1994-02-14 Peelable laminated composite product and its application to the manufacture of adjustment shims.
FR9401653 1994-02-14

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CN100417821C (en) * 2006-06-22 2008-09-10 上海宝钢建筑工程设计研究院 Adjusting washer and method for making same
DE102011003524A1 (en) 2011-02-02 2012-08-02 Airbus Operations Gmbh Peelable intermediate element
US10919265B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2021-02-16 Georg Martin Gmbh Joining films/foils of intermediate layers

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FR2831095B1 (en) * 2001-10-19 2004-01-16 Daniel Andre Gastel THICK-ADJUSTABLE THICKNESS LAMINATE PRODUCT, PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCT AND APPLICATION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF SETTINGS FOR MECHANICAL ASSEMBLIES
US20060185569A1 (en) * 2003-02-05 2006-08-24 Jean-Marie Finot System for preventing the deformation of sails, such as jibs, which are mounted on reels
FR2854098B1 (en) 2003-04-23 2007-04-06 Daniel Andre Gastel LAMINATED PRODUCT WITH ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION MEMBER AND DEVICE FOR IDENTIFYING AND MONITORING SUCH PRODUCTS
FR2944990B1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2011-06-03 Yann Maurice Gastel SHEET WITH PELABLE SHEETS OF DIFFERENT THICKNESSES
ES2478040T3 (en) 2009-11-25 2014-07-18 Daniel André Gastel Separating wedge and manufacturing process of said separating wedge
EP2418070B1 (en) * 2010-08-11 2016-05-04 Daniel André Gastel Method for manufacturing a laminated product with high thermomechanical strength
DE202011107066U1 (en) * 2011-03-26 2012-06-27 Georg Martin Gmbh Buchrückenverklebung
DE102011107405B4 (en) 2011-07-07 2024-06-06 Taktomat Kurvengesteuerte Antriebssysteme Gmbh Bearing arrangement
FR2990643B1 (en) 2012-05-18 2014-12-05 Daniel Andre Gastel METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SETTING BLOCK
FR3002483B1 (en) 2013-02-25 2016-03-11 Daniel Andre Gastel PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PELABLE BLOCK AND A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PELABLE BLADE THUS OBTAINED
DE202014003326U1 (en) 2014-04-17 2015-08-07 Georg Martin Gmbh Stair-shaped intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film)
US11015259B2 (en) * 2016-02-17 2021-05-25 Voss Innovative Technologies Corporation Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coated peelable shims
RU2628786C1 (en) * 2016-11-10 2017-08-22 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") Multilayer self-adhesive material

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US4526641A (en) * 1982-02-17 1985-07-02 The Boeing Company Method of making peelable non-metallic shims

Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100417821C (en) * 2006-06-22 2008-09-10 上海宝钢建筑工程设计研究院 Adjusting washer and method for making same
DE102011003524A1 (en) 2011-02-02 2012-08-02 Airbus Operations Gmbh Peelable intermediate element
WO2012104130A1 (en) 2011-02-02 2012-08-09 Airbus Operations Gmbh Peelable adapter element
US10919265B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2021-02-16 Georg Martin Gmbh Joining films/foils of intermediate layers

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FR2716138A1 (en) 1995-08-18
DE69517345T2 (en) 2001-01-18
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ES2150535T3 (en) 2000-12-01
DE69517345D1 (en) 2000-07-13
FR2716138B1 (en) 1996-05-15

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