EP0665785A1 - Laminate and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Laminate and method for manufacturing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- EP0665785A1 EP0665785A1 EP92915682A EP92915682A EP0665785A1 EP 0665785 A1 EP0665785 A1 EP 0665785A1 EP 92915682 A EP92915682 A EP 92915682A EP 92915682 A EP92915682 A EP 92915682A EP 0665785 A1 EP0665785 A1 EP 0665785A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- film
- extrusion
- laminate
- comprised
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 107
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 33
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005026 oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003313 Bynel® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000134 Metallised film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003182 Surlyn® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003853 Pinholing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010096 film blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
- B32B37/153—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
- B32B2323/046—LDPE, i.e. low density polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2329/00—Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
- B32B2329/04—Polyvinylalcohol
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/70—Food packaging
Definitions
- T h is invention relates to a laminating method.
- BACKGROUND ART US - E -31137 discloses a laminating method in which there are assembled together and heat cured an outer layer consisting of biaxially oriented polyester on a polyamide (PA) and serving as a layer protecting against physical damage, a polyester urethane adhesive layer, an aluminium foil layer and a primer layer formed from a suspension or dispersion of a polymer in a liquid.
- This prefabricated web is supplied over one of two rolls to the nip between the rolls, at least one of which is temperature-controlled.
- a sealant layer containing polypropylene (PP) and possibly either polyethylene (PE) or ethylene vinyl acetate co- polymer (EVA) is supplied to the nip over the other of the rolls.
- US-A-4701360 discloses a laminating method in which a layer of LDPE is extrusion coated onto a paperboard layer, the exposed surface of the LDPE layer is corona-discharge or flame treated, the web so formed is flipped over, another layer of LDPE is extrusion coated onto the exposed surface of the paperboard layer, the exposed surface of this other layer of LDPE is corona-discharge or flame treated, and a layer of EVOH is extrusion coated onto the latter exposed surface.
- GB-A-1518302 discloses a laminate consisting of an outermost LDPE layer, a paperboard layer, a bonding layer of LDPE, a PA layer, and an innermost LDPE layer.
- a paperboard layer may be present between the paperboard layer and the innermost LDPE layer.
- a "SURLYN" adhesive layer between the paperboard layer and the innermost LDPE layer may be present a "SURLYN" adhesive layer, the PA layer, another "SURLYN” adhesive layer and aluminium foil.
- EP-A-0293098 discloses a laminating method in which a paperboard layer is flame treated on both sides, an outermost LDPE layer is extrusion coated onto the paperboard l ayer, t h e exposed LDPE surface is corona-discharge or flame treate d , the web thus formed is flipped over, a tie/EVOH/tie layer is co-extruded onto the exposed paperboard surface, an d an innermost LDPE layer is extrusion coated onto the exposed surface of the tie/EVOH/tie layer.
- a tie/EVOH layer is co-extruded onto the exposed paperboard surface, with the tie in contact with the paperboard, the exposed surface of the EVOH is corona-discharge or flame treated, and then the innermost LDPE layer is extrusion coated onto the EVOH.
- an EVOH layer is extrusion coated onto the exposed paperboard surface, the exposed surface of the EVOH layer is corona-discharge or flame treated and then the innermost LDPE layer is extrusion coated onto the EVOH layer.
- EP-A-0381922 discloses a laminating method in which a pre abricated laminated web consisting of a paper or cardboard layer and a liquid-tight outermost PE layer are fed over one of two rolls to the nip between the two rolls.
- a second pre abricated web consisting of a liquid-tight innermost PE layer, a tie layer, and a barrier layer in the form of a mixture of EVOH and amorphous PA is fed past a first extruding station at which a tie layer is extrusion coated onto the exposed surface of the barrier layer and a second extruding station at which a thermoplastics layer, for example of PE, is applied and thence immediately fed over the other of the two rolls to the nip.
- a laminating method comprising extrusion laminating a web comprised of a relatively stiff substrate, a thermoplastics layer and a film comprised of a barrier polymer layer, by applying said thermoplastics layer in a molten state to between the inside of said web and said film, characterized in that said extrusion laminating is followed by applying a moisture barrier layer to the inside of the film.
- an aluminium foil layer in a conventional laminating line can be replaced by a film comprised of barrier polymer, without there being any need to modify the conventional equipment of the line.
- the laminating method comprises the steps of:
- thermoplastics layer (a) applying a moisture barrier layer to the outside of a relatively stiff substrate to form a preliminary laminate, (b) extrusion (including co-extrusion) laminating said preliminary laminate, a thermoplastics layer and a film comprised of a polymer layer, by applying said thermoplastics layer in a molten state to between the inside of said preliminary laminate and said film, and (c) applying a second moisture barrier layer to the inside of said film.
- the laminate would then comprise, progressing from the outside to the inside of said laminate: (a) an outer moisture barrier layer, (b) a relatively stiff substrate,
- thermoplastics layer (c) a thermoplastics layer
- the film may consist of one or more layers. In a first preferred version it consists of an outer tie layer and an inner barrier polymer layer. In a second preferred version, it consists of inner and outer tie layers and an intermediate barrier polymer layer.
- the barrier polymer layer may comprise one or more of EVOH (ethylene vinyl alcohol co-polymer) ; PA (polyamide) ; PA co-polymer;
- the film may consist solely of a barrier polymer layer and the or each tie layer be extrusion (including co- extrusion) laminated.
- the method o f manufacture on a conventional laminating line may be as fo l lows .
- a paperbo ard subs trat e o f any des i red conventional thickness is flame treated on both sides and then LDPE (low density polyethylene) is extrusion-coated, to any desired conventional thickness, onto the outside of the paperboard layer .
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- the preliminary laminate thus obtained is flipped over and led to a nip between two rolls to which is also led a film consisting of an inner layer of oriented EVOH and an outer tie layer of modified LDPE .
- a molten web of LDPE is del ivered from an ext ruder to between the preliminary laminate and the film, whereby these three items are extrusion laminated . Then the inside surface of the EVOH layer is co-extrusion-coated with a tie layer of modified LDPE and an innermost layer of LDPE .
- the packaging laminate thus produced comprises , progressing from the outside towards the inside :-
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- barrier polymer layer (oriented EVOH, 6 microns)
- a tie layer modified -LDPE, 6g/ ⁇ r
- a moisture barrier layer LDPE, 10g/m ⁇ -50g/m 2
- the method of manufacture may be as given above for the first preferred version, except that the film led to the nip consists of inner and outer t ie layers o f modi fied LDPE with an intermediate layer of oriented EVOH and that the innermost layer of LDPE is extrusion-coated onto the inner tie layer.
- the packaging laminate thu s produced comprises , progressing from the outside towards the inside:- (a) a moisture barrier layer (LDPE, 14g/m )
- thermoplastics layer LDPE 10g/m ⁇ - 25g/m 2 , for example 15g/m 2
- a tie layer modified LDPE, 3 microns
- barrier polymer layer (oriented EVOH, 6 microns)
- a moisture barrier layer (LDPE, 10g/m -50g/m 2 , for example 35 or 50g/irr) .
- LDPE moisture barrier layer
- a laminate comprised of a first layer comprised of a gas barrier film and a second layer comprised of a relatively stiff substrate, characterized in that the gas barrier film, in its condition laminated to the second layer, is relatively less contracting if heated than a corresponding extrudate of the same composition as the film.
- the gas barrier layer has a greater mechanical strength than a corresponding extrusion-coated gas barrier layer and thus has a higher resistance to stress cracking and heat-activated pinholing in subsequent converting and sealing operations.
- the first and second layers are advantageously extrusion laminated.
- a stable, oriented, gas barrier film (for example a bi-axially oriented EVOH film) is laminated to a relatively stiff substrate (for example paperboard, foamed plastics, etc.) .
- a relatively stiff substrate for example paperboard, foamed plastics, etc.
- EVOHs can be employed as films than as extrusion coatings because processes usable in production of films, for example extrusion casting or film blowing, are not so demanding of the EVOH as is the extrusion coating process.
- the EVOH film can replace aluminium foil in laminating operations without the need for any modifications to a conventional extrusion laminating line .
- the use of a barrier film instead of aluminium foil permits higher production line speed, because the film has a higher ductility and therefore does not break as easily as aluminium foil .
- the laminate compris es a paperboard substrate 1 onto which has been extrusion-coated an outermo st LDP E l ayer 8 and ont o whi ch h as been laminated, by way of an intermediate LDPE layer 2, either a barrier film laminate 3 consisting of a stable, oriented, gas barrier layer 4 and an outer tie layer 5, or a barrier film laminate 3' consisting of inner and outer tie layers 6 and 5 and an intermediate, stable, oriented gas barrier layer 4 .
- Onto the film 3 is co-extrusion-coated a tie layer 6 and an innermost LDPE layer 7.
- the barrier layer 4 may be the "EXCEED” EVOH film supplied by Okura Industrial Company of Japan, whilst the tie layers 5 and 6 may be of the "BYNEL” material suppl ied by Du Pont de Nemours , the pre ferred " BYNEL " be ing E 3 8 8 .
- the l ayer 7 may be approximately 30 microns thick, the tie layers 5 and 6 may be 1 to 10 microns thick, for example approximately 3 microns thick, the layer 4 ⁇ nay ' be 3 to 12 microns thick, for example approximately 6 microns and the layer 2 may be 7 to 20 microns thick, for example approximately 15 microns .
- the present invention is particularly applicable to the packaging field, especially gable-top or flat-top cartons for packaging of liquids .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98108777A EP0879694A1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-23 | Lamination |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB919116503A GB9116503D0 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1991-07-26 | Lamination |
GB9116503 | 1991-07-26 | ||
PCT/GB1992/001360 WO1993002862A1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-23 | Laminate and method for manufacturing the same |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98108777A Division EP0879694A1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-23 | Lamination |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0665785A1 true EP0665785A1 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
EP0665785B1 EP0665785B1 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
Family
ID=10699271
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98108777A Ceased EP0879694A1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-23 | Lamination |
EP92915682A Expired - Lifetime EP0665785B1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-23 | Laminating method |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98108777A Ceased EP0879694A1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-23 | Lamination |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0879694A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH06509527A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE176422T1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU658438B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69228394T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0665785T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2126594T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9116503D0 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3029833T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993002862A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA925526B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5306533A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1994-04-26 | Combibloc, Inc. | Oxygen barrier container |
SE0500013D0 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2005-01-03 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | A method of producing a thin packaging laminate and of forming a packaging container |
US20160122116A1 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-05 | Sonoco Development, Inc | Extrusion Laminate Mineral Oil Barrier |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3972467A (en) * | 1974-08-06 | 1976-08-03 | International Paper Company | Paper-board laminate |
US4190477A (en) * | 1978-01-04 | 1980-02-26 | American Can Company | Pouch |
DE3062798D1 (en) * | 1979-02-09 | 1983-05-26 | Lauragri Sa | Method and machine for manufacturing composite articles, especially a tray for conditioning perishable products. |
US4391863A (en) * | 1981-10-23 | 1983-07-05 | Composite Container Corporation | Peel resistant coextruded sheet |
US4701360A (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1987-10-20 | International Paper Company | Heat sealable barrier material for improved juice packaging (EVOH) |
US4789575A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1988-12-06 | International Paper Company | Non-foil composite structures for packaging juice |
SE500608C2 (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1994-07-25 | Roby Teknik Ab | Laminated material for conversion to mold-stable packaging containers, methods of making the material and use of a film of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and amorphous polyamide in a laminated fold-shaped packaging material |
-
1991
- 1991-07-26 GB GB919116503A patent/GB9116503D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-07-22 ZA ZA925526A patent/ZA925526B/en unknown
- 1992-07-23 AT AT92915682T patent/ATE176422T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-23 EP EP98108777A patent/EP0879694A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-07-23 AU AU23425/92A patent/AU658438B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-07-23 WO PCT/GB1992/001360 patent/WO1993002862A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-07-23 JP JP5503373A patent/JPH06509527A/en active Pending
- 1992-07-23 EP EP92915682A patent/EP0665785B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-23 ES ES92915682T patent/ES2126594T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-23 DK DK92915682T patent/DK0665785T3/en active
- 1992-07-23 DE DE69228394T patent/DE69228394T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-06-23 AU AU23224/95A patent/AU673788B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-03-31 GR GR990400927T patent/GR3029833T3/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9302862A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU673788B2 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
DK0665785T3 (en) | 1999-09-20 |
AU658438B2 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
AU2342592A (en) | 1993-03-02 |
DE69228394D1 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
AU2322495A (en) | 1995-09-28 |
GB9116503D0 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
JPH06509527A (en) | 1994-10-27 |
DE69228394T2 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
ZA925526B (en) | 1993-04-28 |
EP0879694A1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
EP0665785B1 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
GR3029833T3 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
ES2126594T3 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
ATE176422T1 (en) | 1999-02-15 |
WO1993002862A1 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19940222 |
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