EP0663100A1 - Fireproof sheath and method for making same. - Google Patents

Fireproof sheath and method for making same.

Info

Publication number
EP0663100A1
EP0663100A1 EP94923744A EP94923744A EP0663100A1 EP 0663100 A1 EP0663100 A1 EP 0663100A1 EP 94923744 A EP94923744 A EP 94923744A EP 94923744 A EP94923744 A EP 94923744A EP 0663100 A1 EP0663100 A1 EP 0663100A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheath
braiding
cables
thermal
braided
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94923744A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0663100B1 (en
Inventor
Didier Matarin
Charles Maillard
Guy Gaillard
Michel Peltot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Europeenne de Propulsion SEP SA
Safran Electrical and Power SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Europeenne de Propulsion SEP SA
Labinal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Europeenne de Propulsion SEP SA, Labinal SA filed Critical Societe Europeenne de Propulsion SEP SA
Publication of EP0663100A1 publication Critical patent/EP0663100A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0663100B1 publication Critical patent/EP0663100B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/182—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring comprising synthetic filaments
    • H01B7/183—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring comprising synthetic filaments forming part of an outer sheath

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire-resistant sheath intended mainly for thermal fire and mechanical protection of cables, in particular in the aeronautical, space and industrial fields. It also relates to a method for producing this sheath.
  • cables or cable harnesses ensuring electrical connections within mechanical or electronic assemblies are liable to be subjected, over shorter or longer periods, to high temperatures higher than those specified by the manufacturers of the products concerned. In most cases, this results in an interruption of these links which can directly or indirectly lead to destruction of the equipment used.
  • the loss of an essential function can lead to the failure of the mission with the resulting financial consequences and in the aeronautics field, the decommissioning of essential equipment such as emergency lighting for example is the direct cause of loss of life when aircraft crash on the ground.
  • this temperature resistance is achieved during the final assembly of the materials by covering the cables and cable harnesses with a flexible spiral protection based on a "Jehier” type material or even more protection rigid based on glass fibers or silica such as "Reprobat".
  • these solutions apart from the fact that they involve a long exposure time are particularly expensive and penalizing in weight.
  • the first of these protections is real only to about 200 ° C and the second suffers from an oven effect caused by the absorption capacity of the heat of the fibers.
  • these protections based on glass fibers or silica require special processing precautions, given their toxicity;
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore to alleviate all of the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide protection at very high temperature (up to approximately 850 ° C.) from all kinds of cabling, cables and cable harnesses, which is universal, that is to say that can be implemented in any type of industry, in particular to replace current space coatings and certain aeronautical cold protections.
  • Another object of the invention is to produce a sheath that does not require complex installation on the integration site.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide this thermal and mechanical protection in a very small footprint.
  • a thermal and mechanical protective sheath for cables and cable bundles obtained directly by braiding around the element to be protected comprising a braided layer of braiding son constituted by several elementary strands formed by interlacing of synthetic fibers obtained after cracking and spinning an aramid fiber and a carbonizable oxidized organic fiber.
  • the sheath according to the invention may comprise one or more other braided layers superimposed on the initial layer, the braiding configurations of the various layers may be different. When there are severe pollution constraints, this sheath will preferably include an additional layer intended to remove the fibrous residues resulting from the cracking operation.
  • this sheath will preferably include an additional layer intended to remove the fibrous residues resulting from the cracking operation.
  • aramid fibers such as Nomex
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a braiding loom intended for producing a thermal protection sheath according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2a to 2c and 3a to 3c show two examples of implementation of the method for manufacturing sheaths according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a braiding loom for the realization of the thermal protection sheath according to the invention.
  • a loom 1 conventionally comprises, mounted on a support 10, wire supply coils 12 and a supply well 14 from which the element to be braided comes out 2.
  • the braiding wire 3 present on the various supply coils is braided directly around the element to be protected 4 leaving the well of the braiding loom.
  • This element can consist of a single cable of any diameter, the current trades allowing the production of sheaths from 2 to more than 40 mm in diameter, or even a bundle of cables like those illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the braiding yarn consists of several elementary strands formed by interlacing of synthetic fibers obtained after cracking and spinning of an aramid fiber and an oxidizable carbonizable organic fiber.
  • Aramid fiber has very good mechanical characteristics and excellent heat resistance (these can be products known under the names of "Kevlar”, “Twaron” or “Technora”).
  • the carbonizable oxidized organic fiber, in particular based on polyacrylonitrile, is a thread known for example under the name of "Sigrafil". After cracking, these two threads are preferably used respectively for 30 and 70% in the manufacture of an elementary strand at the base of the braiding thread. This preferential report does not exclude a different ratio to the extent that a preponderance is left to the oxidized organic fiber.
  • this elementary strand it may be necessary to combine with the synthetic fiber obtained previously another fiber having specific characteristics adapted to this application. For example, if it is desired to improve the thermal properties by conduction of the sheath, the use of a material having, for example, good thermal resistivity, in addition to the aforementioned synthetic fiber, proves to be particularly judicious. It should be noted that this addition of an additional wire material can be carried out during braiding by loading one or more supply coils with this specific material, the other coils receiving the synthetic fiber obtained from the initial treatment.
  • a first layer of thermal protection is then obtained simply by braiding with a determined braiding angle and from a number of predefined coils, the braiding wire produced previously. If necessary, one or more additional layers can be braided on this first layer, adopting an identical or different braiding angle.
  • thermal protection layer In applications where the pollution constraints are high, for example in the space field, it may be necessary to cover the thermal protection layer (s) with an additional layer making it possible to remove the barbs present at the level of the synthetic fiber. and from the cracking process.
  • An additional braiding based on aramid yarn such as Nomex may be perfectly suitable for such pollution protection.
  • a specific impregnation of the sheath is also possible.
  • Another solution, not requiring the use of an additional layer consists in purifying the elementary strands, before any braiding (by combing for example).
  • the various stages making it possible to produce a thermal protection sheath for cables and cable bundles are the following: a) formation of elementary strands from a predetermined number of synthetic fibers obtained after cracking and spinning in given proportions of an aramid yarn and a preoxidized yarn, b) mounting these strands on a predetermined number of spools or spindles for supplying wire to a braiding loom, and c) from these supply coils, realization of the protective sheath by braiding these wires at a predetermined angle directly around the cable or bundle of cables to be protected.
  • the braiding step c) is repeated at least a second time, possibly with a braiding configuration distinct from the previous one.
  • this process comprises an additional step: d) consisting either of covering the sheath thus braided with an additional layer of another cleanroom compatible wire of the "Nomex" type, or to make a specific impregnation on the sheath thus braided, this impregnation ensuring a tightness against the runoff of liquids which can come into contact with this sheath.
  • Figures 2a to 2c and 3a to 3c show two embodiments of a braiding of a sheath surrounding a bundle of cables 20 comprising a main strand 21 on which are grafted several auxiliary branches 22, 23, 24 forming like a fork with the main strand (see Figures 2a and 3a).
  • the braiding of the auxiliary branches which are covered with a sheath 4 is carried out first, this braiding being carried out so as to include retaining accessories 30 (ribbons, frets , etc) arranged at the junctions of the main strand.
  • the main strand can be braided in one go, the sheath 40 then covering the part of the previous braiding covering the retaining tapes.
  • Item referenced 41 corresponds to what is commonly called the braiding tail, which can become a means of fixing the sheath on its receiving structure.
  • the first braiding of the free ends of the cable bundle is carried out, that is to say of the auxiliary branches 22 to 24 and of the end of the main strand 25
  • the main strand 21 is braided, which will cover the unprotected parts of the cable bundle, a round trip 45 being made at the junctions with the auxiliary branches to ensure maximum optical coverage without interrupting the braiding.
  • these two preferred embodiments are in no way limiting and other more conventional modes can similarly be implemented without departing from the scope of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Abstract

A method for thermally and mechanically protecting cables and cable harnesses with a sheath braided directly around the element to be protected by means of a braiding thread made of a number of basic strands formed by twisting together synthetic fibres produced by cracking and spinning an aramid fibre and a carbonisable oxidised organic fibre. The carbonisable oxidised organic fibre forms most of the synthetic fibres in the basic strand of the braiding thread. The resulting thermal and mechanical cable and cable harness protection sheath is also disclosed. Some of the mechanical or thermal properties of said sheath may be improved by combining an additional thread material with said two synthetic fibres to form the basic strands, or by covering the braided sheath with a complementary aramid fibre-based braid.

Description

GAINE ANTI-FEU ET PROCEDE D'ELABORATION DE CETTE GAINEFIRE-RESISTANT SHEATH AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAME
La présente invention concerne une gaine anti-feu destinée principalement à la protection thermique incendie et mécanique de câblages notamment dans les domaines aéronautique, spatial et industriel. Elle concerne également un procédé pour la réalisation de cette gaine.The present invention relates to a fire-resistant sheath intended mainly for thermal fire and mechanical protection of cables, in particular in the aeronautical, space and industrial fields. It also relates to a method for producing this sheath.
Dans certaines conditions d'utilisation, les câbles ou les harnais de câbles assurant les liaisons électriques au sein d'ensembles mécaniques ou électroniques sont susceptibles d'être soumis, sur des durées plus ou moins longues, à des températures élevées supérieures à celles spécifiées par les fabricants des produits concernés. Dans la plupart des cas, il en résulte une interruption de ces liaisons qui peut entraîner directement ou indirectement une destruction des matériels mis en oeuvre. Or dans le domaine spatial, la perte d'une fonction essentielle peut amener l'échec de la mission avec les conséquences financières qui en résultent et dans le domaine aéronautique, la mise hors service d'équipements primordiaux comme l'éclairage de secours par exemple est à l'origine directe de pertes en vies humaines lors d'écrasement au sol d'aéronefs.Under certain conditions of use, cables or cable harnesses ensuring electrical connections within mechanical or electronic assemblies are liable to be subjected, over shorter or longer periods, to high temperatures higher than those specified by the manufacturers of the products concerned. In most cases, this results in an interruption of these links which can directly or indirectly lead to destruction of the equipment used. However in the space sector, the loss of an essential function can lead to the failure of the mission with the resulting financial consequences and in the aeronautics field, the decommissioning of essential equipment such as emergency lighting for example is the direct cause of loss of life when aircraft crash on the ground.
Actuellement, les techniques mises en oeuvre pour assurer une protection thermique des câbles sont essentiellement de trois sortes: . pour les applications aéronautiques, cette protection en température est réalisée en plaçant les différents chemins de câbles dans des zones froides spécialement conçues pour supporter ces hautes températures. Une telle solution, outre qu'elle est très onéreuse car nécessitant des systèmes de refroidissement complexes n'est pas réellement efficace comme l'ont démontré les dernières analyses des récents accidents d'aéronefs. De plus, dans l'environnement moteur des aéronefs, les câbles cheminants dans des zones à risques sont des câbles spéciaux qualifiés d'incombustibles d'un prix très élevé, d'une masse linéique et d'un encombrement importants; . pour les applications spatiales, cette tenue en température est réalisée lors de l'assemblage final des matériels en recouvrant les câbles et harnais de câbles d'une protection spiralée souple à base d'un matériau type "Jehier" ou encore d'une protection plus rigide à base de fibres de verre ou de silice telle que le "Reprobat". Toutefois, ces solutions outre qu'elles impliquent un temps de pose important sont particulièrement coûteuses et pénalisantes en poids. De plus, la première de ces protections n'est réelle que jusqu'à environ 200*C et la seconde souffre d'un effet de four provoqué par la capacité d'absorption de la chaleur des fibres. En outre, ces protections à base de fibres de verre ou de silice exigent des pécautions de mise en oeuvre particulières compte tenu de leur toxicité;Currently, the techniques used to ensure thermal protection of cables are essentially of three kinds:. for aeronautical applications, this temperature protection is achieved by placing the various cable trays in cold zones specially designed to withstand these high temperatures. Such a solution, in addition to being very expensive since requiring complex cooling systems is not really effective as demonstrated by the latest analyzes of recent aircraft accidents. In addition, in the aircraft engine environment, the cables routed in risk areas are special cables qualified as non-combustibles of a very high price, of a linear mass and of a considerable bulk; . for space applications, this temperature resistance is achieved during the final assembly of the materials by covering the cables and cable harnesses with a flexible spiral protection based on a "Jehier" type material or even more protection rigid based on glass fibers or silica such as "Reprobat". However, these solutions apart from the fact that they involve a long exposure time are particularly expensive and penalizing in weight. In addition, the first of these protections is real only to about 200 ° C and the second suffers from an oven effect caused by the absorption capacity of the heat of the fibers. In addition, these protections based on glass fibers or silica require special processing precautions, given their toxicity;
. pour les applications industrielles, il est fait appel couramment à des câbles spéciaux qualifiés d'incombustibles, notamment à base de PTFE, et présentant des températures de services pouvant atteindre 300 à 400*C. Toutefois, ces câbles de haute qualité étant d'un prix très élevé, il est exclue de réaliser des faisceaux de câbles avec cette technique.. for industrial applications, it is commonly called in qualified special cables noncombustible, especially based on PTFE and having service temperatures up to 300 ° to 400 ° C. However, these high quality cables being a very high price, it is excluded to make cable harnesses with this technique.
Aucune de ces solutions n'est donc pleinement satisfaisante, car elles ne permettent pas l'optimisation des besoins des utilisateurs en matière de masse, coût, tenue en température, et délai de mise en oeuvre.None of these solutions is therefore fully satisfactory, because they do not allow the optimization of user needs in terms of mass, cost, temperature resistance, and implementation time.
Aussi une recherche de solutions nouvelles a été entreprise par la société française Aérospatiale à partir d'écrans thermiques à base de matériaux ayant un faible taux de transmission dans l'infrarouge et habituellement utilisés dans la lutte contre les incendies. De tels écrans sont par exemple vendus par la Société Ariégeoise de Bonneterie, sise à Montferrier (09) France, sous l'appelation MONSEGUR. Cette recherche a abouti au dépôt de la demande de brevet français FR 2 666 048 qui tend à protéger une matière constituée d'une superposition de tissu MONSEGUR et recouverte sur chaque face d'une couche de silicone. Cette nouvelle protection thermique n'est malheureusement pas encore satisfaisante car, comme la technique de l'art antérieure, elle ne peut être mise en oeuvre qu'avec l'assemblage final des matériels. En outre, elle reste lourde, coûteuse et de mise en oeuvre délicate, et de par sa structure même n'est pas adaptée à la protection d'un câble unique d'un diamètre de quelques millimètres. Il doit également être noté que compte tenu de la sensible rigidité de la matière (du fait de la multitudes des couches et du revêtement silicone), elle se trouve très mal adaptée à des câblages présentant de nombreuses circonvolutions comme cela existe fréquemment dans les moteurs fusées.Also a search for new solutions has been undertaken by the French company Aérospatiale from thermal screens based on materials having a low transmission rate in the infrared and usually used in the fight against fires. Such screens are for example sold by the Société Ariégeoise de Bonneterie, located in Montferrier (09) France, under the name MONSEGUR. This research resulted in the filing of French patent application FR 2 666 048 which tends to protect a material consisting of a superimposition of MONSEGUR fabric and covered on each side with a layer of silicone. This new thermal protection is unfortunately not yet satisfactory because, like the technique of the prior art, it can only be implemented with the final assembly of the materials. In addition, it remains heavy, expensive and difficult to implement, and by its very structure is not suitable for protecting a single cable with a diameter of a few millimeters. It should also be noted that taking into account the substantial rigidity of the material (due to the multitude of layers and the silicone coating), it is very poorly suited to cables having numerous convolutions as is frequently the case in rocket engines. .
Il n'existe donc pas encore à ce jour une protection de câblages d'une très bonne tenue mécanique, qui soit efficace pour des températures par exemple supérieures à 400*C et soit à la fois peu coûteuse et de poids et encombrement faibles, tout en pouvant s'adapter à toutes les formes et dimensions de câblage.There is therefore still to this day a protective wiring a very good mechanical strength, which is effective for temperatures eg above 400 ° C and is both inexpensive and of low weight and size, while being able to adapt to all forms and dimensions of wiring.
Le but de la présente invention est donc de pallier l'ensemble des inconvénients précités et de réaliser une protection à très haute température (jusqu'à environ 850*C) de toute sorte de câblages, câbles et harnais de câbles, qui soit universelle, c'est à dire pouvant être mise en oeuvre dans tout type d'industrie, notamment en remplacement des revêtements spatiaux actuels et de certaines protections froides aéronautiques. Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser une gaine ne nécessitant pas une installation complexe sur le site d'intégration. Encore un autre but de l'invention, est de réaliser cette protection thermique et mécanique dans un encombrement des plus réduits. Ces buts sont atteints par une gaine de protection thermique et mécanique pour câbles et faisceaux de câbles obtenue directement par un tressage autour de l'élément à protéger, cette gaine comportant une couche tressée de fils de tressage constitués de plusieurs brins élémentaires formés par entrelacement de fibres synthétiques obtenues après craquage et filage d'une fibre d'aramide et d'une fibre organique oxydée carbonisable.The aim of the present invention is therefore to alleviate all of the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide protection at very high temperature (up to approximately 850 ° C.) from all kinds of cabling, cables and cable harnesses, which is universal, that is to say that can be implemented in any type of industry, in particular to replace current space coatings and certain aeronautical cold protections. Another object of the invention is to produce a sheath that does not require complex installation on the integration site. Yet another object of the invention is to provide this thermal and mechanical protection in a very small footprint. These aims are achieved by a thermal and mechanical protective sheath for cables and cable bundles obtained directly by braiding around the element to be protected, this sheath comprising a braided layer of braiding son constituted by several elementary strands formed by interlacing of synthetic fibers obtained after cracking and spinning an aramid fiber and a carbonizable oxidized organic fiber.
Par cette utilisation entièrement nouvelle de fibres synthétiques utilisées jusqu'alors sous la seule forme d'un tissu tissé dans des panneaux pare-flammes, il est possible d'obtenir une protection universelle pour tout type d'activité dont le prix de revient est très faible tant en coût du matériau qu'en coût d'installation (toute protection sur site devient inutile). En outre, la faible masse linéique associée à l'encombrement réduit d'une telle gaine la prédispose pour tous les matériels embarqués. Cette protection peut être mise en oeuvre sur des câbles courants comme sur des câbles à fibres optiques et leur donner ainsi des performances mécaniques, thermiques et au feu exceptionnelles. Il peut être noté qu'une telle gaine est également applicable pour des systèmes pneumatiques ou hydrauliques.By this entirely new use of synthetic fibers used until then only in the form of a fabric woven in flame arresting panels, it is possible to obtain universal protection for any type of activity whose cost is very low both in material cost and installation cost (any protection on site becomes unnecessary). In addition, the low linear mass associated with the reduced size of such a sheath predisposes it for all on-board equipment. This protection can be implemented on common cables as on fiber optic cables and thus give them exceptional mechanical, thermal and fire performance. It can be noted that such a sheath is also applicable for pneumatic or hydraulic systems.
Des essais menés dans différentes conditions de mesure (type de câble, diamètre du faisceau) ont démontré les performances exceptionnelles de la gaine selon l'invention. Pour une température de flamme de 727*C (en surface de la gaine), aucune perte de mesure (maintien de la continuité et de l'isolement) n'a été constatée pendant plus de 15 minutes sur des faisceaux de câbles de plus de 10 mm de diamètre. Sur des câbles unitaires du type 4FE ou câble thermocouple, aucune perte de mesure n'a été constatée jusqu'à 10 minutes. Ces performances, qui vont bien au delà des spécifications actuellement imposées notamment dans le domaine spatial, démontrent l'intérêt de la gaine selon l'invention. De plus, il n'est pas inutile de noter qu'une protection de 25 faisceaux représentant environ 150 câbles (d'une longueur moyenne de 6 mètres) ne pèse que 1 à 2 kg qu'il faut comparer à la dizaine de kilos d'une protection actuelle équivalente. Selon les applications mises en oeuvre, la gaine selon l'invention peut comporter une ou plusieurs autres couches tressées se superposant sur la couche initiale, les configurations de tressage des diverses couches pouvant être différentes. Lorsqu'il existe des contraintes sévères en matière de pollution, cette gaine comportera de préférence une couche supplémentaire destinée à supprimer les résidus fibreux issus de l'opération de craquage. Différents essais ont montré qu'une couche constituée d'un tressage à base de fibres d'aramide tel le Nomex convient dans la plupart des applications. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront mieux de la description suivante, faite à titre indicatif et non limitatif, en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels:Tests carried out under different measurement conditions (type of cable, diameter of the bundle) have demonstrated the exceptional performance of the sheath according to the invention. For a flame temperature of 727 * C (on the surface of the cladding), no loss of measurement (maintenance of continuity and insulation) was observed for more than 15 minutes on cable harnesses over 10 mm in diameter. On unitary cables of type 4FE or thermocouple cable, no loss of measurement was observed up to 10 minutes. These performances, which go far beyond the specifications currently imposed in particular in the space field, demonstrate the advantage of the sheath according to the invention. In addition, it is worth noting that a protection of 25 bundles representing approximately 150 cables (with an average length of 6 meters) weighs only 1 to 2 kg which must be compared to the ten kilos of '' equivalent current protection. Depending on the applications implemented, the sheath according to the invention may comprise one or more other braided layers superimposed on the initial layer, the braiding configurations of the various layers may be different. When there are severe pollution constraints, this sheath will preferably include an additional layer intended to remove the fibrous residues resulting from the cracking operation. Various tests have shown that a layer consisting of a braiding based on aramid fibers such as Nomex is suitable in most applications. Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly from the following description, given by way of non-limiting illustration, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
-la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un métier à tresser destiné à la réalisation d'une gaine de protection thermique selon l'invention, et -les figures 2a à 2c et 3a à 3c montrent deux exemples de mise en oeuvre du procédé de fabrication de gaines selon l'invention.FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a braiding loom intended for producing a thermal protection sheath according to the invention, and FIGS. 2a to 2c and 3a to 3c show two examples of implementation of the method for manufacturing sheaths according to the invention.
La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un métier à tresser permettant la réalisation de la gaine de protection thermique selon l'invention. Un tel métier 1 comporte classiquement, montés sur un support 10, des bobines d'alimentation en fil 12 et un puits d'alimentation 14 duquel sort l'élément à tresser 2. Le fil de tressage 3 présent sur les différentes bobines d'alimentation est tressé directement autour de l'élément à protéger 4 sortant du puits du métier à tresser. Cet élément peut consister en un câble unique d'un diamètre quelconque, les métiers actuels permettant la réalisation de gaines de 2 à plus de 40 mm de diamètre, ou encore en un faisceau de câbles comme ceux illustrés aux figures 2 et 3.Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a braiding loom for the realization of the thermal protection sheath according to the invention. Such a loom 1 conventionally comprises, mounted on a support 10, wire supply coils 12 and a supply well 14 from which the element to be braided comes out 2. The braiding wire 3 present on the various supply coils is braided directly around the element to be protected 4 leaving the well of the braiding loom. This element can consist of a single cable of any diameter, the current trades allowing the production of sheaths from 2 to more than 40 mm in diameter, or even a bundle of cables like those illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Dans le cadre de la présente invention, le fil de tressage est constitué de plusieurs brins élémentaires formés par entrelacement de fibres synthétiques obtenues après craquage et filage d'une fibre d'aramide et d'une fibre organique oxydée carbonisable. La fibre d'aramide présente de très bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques et une excellente résistance à la chaleur (il peut s'agir des produits connus sous les noms de "Kevlar", "Twaron" ou "Technora"). La fibre organique oxydée carbonisable, notamment à base de polyacrylonitrile, est un fil connu par exemple sous le nom de "Sigrafil". Après craquage, ces deux fils entrent de préférence pour respectivement 30 et 70 % dans la fabrication d'un brin élémentaire à la base du fil de tressage. Ce rapport préférentiel n'exclue pas un rapport différent dans la mesure ou une prépondérance est laissée à la fibre organique oxydée.In the context of the present invention, the braiding yarn consists of several elementary strands formed by interlacing of synthetic fibers obtained after cracking and spinning of an aramid fiber and an oxidizable carbonizable organic fiber. Aramid fiber has very good mechanical characteristics and excellent heat resistance (these can be products known under the names of "Kevlar", "Twaron" or "Technora"). The carbonizable oxidized organic fiber, in particular based on polyacrylonitrile, is a thread known for example under the name of "Sigrafil". After cracking, these two threads are preferably used respectively for 30 and 70% in the manufacture of an elementary strand at the base of the braiding thread. This preferential report does not exclude a different ratio to the extent that a preponderance is left to the oxidized organic fiber.
Pour certaines applications, pour former ce brin élémentaire, il peut être nécessaire d'associer à la fibre synthétique obtenue précédemment une autre fibre présentant des caractéristiques spécifiques adaptées à cette application. Par exemple, si l'on désire améliorer les propriétés thermiques par conduction de la gaine, le recours à un matériau ayant par exemple une bonne résistivité thermique, en complément de la fibre synthétique précitée, s'avère particulièrement judicieux. Il doit être noté que cette adjonction d'un matériau en fil supplémentaire peut être réalisée lors du tressage en chargeant une ou plusieurs bobines d'alimentation avec ce matériau spécifique, les autres bobines recevant la fibre synthétique issu du traitement initial.For certain applications, to form this elementary strand, it may be necessary to combine with the synthetic fiber obtained previously another fiber having specific characteristics adapted to this application. For example, if it is desired to improve the thermal properties by conduction of the sheath, the use of a material having, for example, good thermal resistivity, in addition to the aforementioned synthetic fiber, proves to be particularly judicious. It should be noted that this addition of an additional wire material can be carried out during braiding by loading one or more supply coils with this specific material, the other coils receiving the synthetic fiber obtained from the initial treatment.
Une première couche de protection thermique est alors obtenue simplement en tressant avec un angle de tressage déterminé et à partir d'un nombre de bobines prédéfinies, le fil de tressage élaboré précédemment. En tant que de besoin, une ou plusieurs couches supplémentaires peuvent être tressées sur cette première couche en adoptant un angle de tressage identique ou non.A first layer of thermal protection is then obtained simply by braiding with a determined braiding angle and from a number of predefined coils, the braiding wire produced previously. If necessary, one or more additional layers can be braided on this first layer, adopting an identical or different braiding angle.
Dans les applications où les contraintes en matière de pollution sont élevées, par exemple dans le domaine spatial, il peut être nécessaire de recouvrir la ou les couches de protection thermique d'une couche supplémentaire permettant de supprimer les barbes présentes au niveau de la fibre synthétique et issues du processus de craquage. Un tressage complémentaire à base de fil d'aramide tel que le Nomex peut parfaitement convenir pour une telle protection antipollution. De même, une imprégnation spécifique de la gaine est aussi envisageable. Une autre solution, ne faisant pas appel à l'emploi d'une couche supplémentaire, consiste à procéder à une épuration des brins élémentaires, préalablement à tout tressage (par peignage par exemple).In applications where the pollution constraints are high, for example in the space field, it may be necessary to cover the thermal protection layer (s) with an additional layer making it possible to remove the barbs present at the level of the synthetic fiber. and from the cracking process. An additional braiding based on aramid yarn such as Nomex may be perfectly suitable for such pollution protection. Similarly, a specific impregnation of the sheath is also possible. Another solution, not requiring the use of an additional layer, consists in purifying the elementary strands, before any braiding (by combing for example).
Ces différentes couches superposées ou éventuellement la couche unique (lorsque les contraintes thermiques et de pollution sont moins élevées) forment ainsi une gaine autour de l'élément à protéger, qu'il s'agisse d'un câble unique ou d'un faisceaux de câbles, ce câblage ne nécessitant alors d'autres manipulations que sa mise en place au niveau des dispositifs sur lesquels il doit être monté. Aucune étape complémentaire, spécifique, de protection thermique ou mécanique n'est à mettre en oeuvre lors de l'assemblage final du matériel. Ainsi, actuellement, ce n'est pas moins de 150 heures qui sont nécessaires pour assurer sur le site d'intégration la protection thermique des câblages intervenant au niveau d'un moteur fusée de dernière génération.These different superposed layers or possibly the single layer (when the thermal and pollution constraints are lower) thus form a sheath around the element to be protected, whether it is a single cable or a bundles of cables, this wiring then requiring no other manipulation than its installation at the level of the devices on which it is to be mounted. No additional, specific, thermal or mechanical protection step is to be implemented during the final assembly of the equipment. So, currently, it is not less than 150 hours which are necessary to ensure on the site integrating the thermal protection of the cables involved in a latest generation rocket engine.
Ainsi, les différentes étapes permettant de réaliser une gaine de protection thermique pour câbles et faisceau de câbles sont les suivantes: a) formation de brins élémentaires à partir d'un nombre prédéterminé de fibres synthétiques obtenues après craquage et filage dans des proportions déterminées d'un fil d'aramide et d'un fil préoxydé, b) montage de ces brins sur un nombre prédéterminé de bobines ou fuseaux d'alimentation en fil d'un métier à tresser, et c) à partir de ces bobines d'alimentation, réalisation de la gaine de protection par un tressage de ces fils selon un angle prédéterminé directement autour du câble ou du faisceau de câbles à protéger.Thus, the various stages making it possible to produce a thermal protection sheath for cables and cable bundles are the following: a) formation of elementary strands from a predetermined number of synthetic fibers obtained after cracking and spinning in given proportions of an aramid yarn and a preoxidized yarn, b) mounting these strands on a predetermined number of spools or spindles for supplying wire to a braiding loom, and c) from these supply coils, realization of the protective sheath by braiding these wires at a predetermined angle directly around the cable or bundle of cables to be protected.
Pour certaines applications, l'étape c) de tressage est renouvelée au moins une seconde fois éventuellement avec une configuration de tressage distincte de la précédente.For certain applications, the braiding step c) is repeated at least a second time, possibly with a braiding configuration distinct from the previous one.
Lorsque le montage des câblages impose des spécifications antipollutions sévères, afin de supprimer les résidus fibreux issus de l'opération de craquage, ce procédé comporte une étape complémentaire: d) consistant, soit à recouvrir la gaine ainsi tressée d'une couche supplémentaire d'un autre fil compatible salle blanche du type "Nomex", soit à faire une imprégnation spécifique sur la gaine ainsi tressée, cette imprégnation assurant une étanchéité au ruissellement de liquides pouvant entrer au contact de cette gaine.When the assembly of the cables imposes severe anti-pollution specifications, in order to remove the fibrous residues resulting from the cracking operation, this process comprises an additional step: d) consisting either of covering the sheath thus braided with an additional layer of another cleanroom compatible wire of the "Nomex" type, or to make a specific impregnation on the sheath thus braided, this impregnation ensuring a tightness against the runoff of liquids which can come into contact with this sheath.
Une solution alternative existe en intercalant une étape complémentaire entre les étapes a) et b) consistant au peignage des brins élémentaires afin de réaliser ainsi une épuration du fil à tresser.An alternative solution exists by inserting a complementary step between steps a) and b) consisting of combing the elementary strands in order to thus carry out a purification of the wire to be braided.
Les figures 2a à 2c et 3a à 3c montrent deux exemples de réalisation d'un tressage d'une gaine entourant un faisceau de câbles 20 comportant un toron principal 21 sur lequel viennent se greffer plusieurs branches auxiliaires 22, 23, 24 formant comme une fourche avec le toron principal (voir figures 2a et 3a). Dans le premier exemple de réalisation des figures 2a à 2c, il est procédé tout d'abord au tressage des branches auxiliaires qui sont recouvertes d'une gaine 4, ce tressage étant réalisé jusqu'à englober des accessoires de maintien 30 ( rubans, frettes, etc) disposés aux jonctions du toron principal. Ensuite, le toron principal peut être tressé en une seule fois, la gaine 40 venant alors recouvrir la partie du tressage précédent couvrant les rubans de maintien. L'élément référencé 41 correspond à ce qu'on appelle communément la queue de tressage, celle-ci pouvant devenir un moyen de fixation de la gaine sur sa structure d'accueil.Figures 2a to 2c and 3a to 3c show two embodiments of a braiding of a sheath surrounding a bundle of cables 20 comprising a main strand 21 on which are grafted several auxiliary branches 22, 23, 24 forming like a fork with the main strand (see Figures 2a and 3a). In the first exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 2a to 2c, the braiding of the auxiliary branches which are covered with a sheath 4 is carried out first, this braiding being carried out so as to include retaining accessories 30 (ribbons, frets , etc) arranged at the junctions of the main strand. Then, the main strand can be braided in one go, the sheath 40 then covering the part of the previous braiding covering the retaining tapes. Item referenced 41 corresponds to what is commonly called the braiding tail, which can become a means of fixing the sheath on its receiving structure.
Dans le second exemple de réalisation des figures 3a à 3c, il est procédé dans un premier temps au tressage des seules extrémités libres du faisceau de câbles, c'est à dire des branches auxiliaires 22 à 24 et de l'extrémité du toron principal 25. Puis, on vient tresser le toron principal 21 qui recouvrira les parties non encore protégées du faisceau de câbles, un aller-retour 45 étant pratiqué au niveau des jonctions avec les branches auxiliaires pour assurer une couverture optique maximale sans interruption du tressage. Bien évidemment, ces deux modes privilégiés de réalisation ne sont aucunement limitatifs et d'autres modes plus classiques pourront être pareillement mis en oeuvre sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. In the second exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 3a to 3c, the first braiding of the free ends of the cable bundle is carried out, that is to say of the auxiliary branches 22 to 24 and of the end of the main strand 25 Then, the main strand 21 is braided, which will cover the unprotected parts of the cable bundle, a round trip 45 being made at the junctions with the auxiliary branches to ensure maximum optical coverage without interrupting the braiding. Obviously, these two preferred embodiments are in no way limiting and other more conventional modes can similarly be implemented without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé pour protéger thermiquement et mécaniquement des câbles et faisceaux de câbles par une gaine tressée directement autour de l'élément à protéger utilisant un fil de tressage constitué de plusieurs brins élémentaires formés par entrelacement de fibres synthétiques obtenues après craquage et filage d'une fibre d'aramide et d'une fibre organique oxydée carbonisable.1. Method for thermally and mechanically protecting cables and cable bundles by a braided sheath directly around the element to be protected using a braiding wire consisting of several elementary strands formed by interlacing of synthetic fibers obtained after cracking and spinning a aramid fiber and a carbonizable oxidized organic fiber.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la fibre organique oxydée carbonisable constitue la plus grande partie des fibres synthétiques constituant le brin élémentaire du fil de tressage.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxidizable carbonizable organic fiber constitutes the largest part of the synthetic fibers constituting the elementary strand of the braiding yarn.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est associé un matériau en fil supplémentaire auxdites deux fibres synthétiques, pour former les brins élémentaires.3. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that an additional wire material is associated with said two synthetic fibers, to form the elementary strands.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ce matériau supplémentaire est un matériau améliorant les caractéristiques thermiques par conduction de la protection.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that this additional material is a material improving the thermal characteristics by conduction of the protection.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la gaine ainsi tressée est recouverte d'un tressage à base de fibres d'aramide.5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sheath thus braided is covered with a braiding based on aramid fibers.
6. Gaine de protection thermique et mécanique pour câbles et faisceaux de câbles obtenue par un tressage directement autour de l'élément à protéger, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une couche tressée de fils de tressage constitués de plusieurs brins élémentaires formés par entrelacement de fibres synthétiques obtenues après craquage et filage d'une fibre d'aramide et d'une fibre organique oxydée carbonisable. 6. Thermal and mechanical protective sheath for cables and cable bundles obtained by braiding directly around the element to be protected, characterized in that it comprises a braided layer of braiding son constituted by several elementary strands formed by interlacing of synthetic fibers obtained after cracking and spinning an aramid fiber and a carbonizable oxidized organic fiber.
7. Gaine de protection thermique et mécanique pour câbles et faisceaux de câbles selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une ou plusieurs autres couches tressées se superposant sur la couche initiale, les configurations de tressage des diverses couches pouvant être différentes.7. thermal and mechanical protection sheath for cables and cable bundles according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises one or more other braided layers superimposed on the initial layer, the braiding configurations of the various layers being able to be different.
8. Gaine de protection thermique et mécanique pour câbles et faisceaux de câbles selon la revendication 6 ou la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une couche supplémentaire destinée à supprimer les résidus fibreux issus de l'opération de craquage.8. Thermal and mechanical protection sheath for cables and cable bundles according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that it comprises an additional layer intended to remove the fibrous residues resulting from the cracking operation.
9. Gaine de protection thermique et mécanique pour câbles et faisceaux de câbles selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que cette couche supplémentaire est tressée à base de fibres d'aramide. 9. Thermal and mechanical protection sheath for cables and cable bundles according to claim 8, characterized in that this additional layer is braided based on aramid fibers.
10. Gaine de protection thermique et mécanique pour câbles et faisceaux de câbles selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que cette couche supplémentaire est réalisée par une imprégnation spécifique de la gaine lui assurant en outre une étanchéité au ruissellement. 10. A thermal and mechanical protection sheath for cables and cable bundles according to claim 8, characterized in that this additional layer is produced by a specific impregnation of the sheath also ensuring it leak tightness.
EP94923744A 1993-07-30 1994-07-27 Fireproof sheath and method for making same Expired - Lifetime EP0663100B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9309406 1993-07-30
FR9309406A FR2708781B1 (en) 1993-07-30 1993-07-30 Fire-resistant sheath and method of making this sheath.
PCT/FR1994/000941 WO1995004358A1 (en) 1993-07-30 1994-07-27 Fireproof sheath and method for making same

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EP0663100A1 true EP0663100A1 (en) 1995-07-19
EP0663100B1 EP0663100B1 (en) 1997-04-09

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US5604331A (en) 1997-02-18
FR2708781A1 (en) 1995-02-10
FR2708781B1 (en) 1996-01-19
CA2145504C (en) 2002-12-17
WO1995004358A1 (en) 1995-02-09
DE69402522T2 (en) 1997-07-31
DE69402522D1 (en) 1997-05-15
CA2145504A1 (en) 1995-02-09
EP0663100B1 (en) 1997-04-09

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