EP0657789B1 - Schmelzfixiersystem, Verfahren zur Schmelzfixierung und Trennmittel für das Schmelzfixiersystem in einem elektrostatographischen Druckgerät - Google Patents

Schmelzfixiersystem, Verfahren zur Schmelzfixierung und Trennmittel für das Schmelzfixiersystem in einem elektrostatographischen Druckgerät Download PDF

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EP0657789B1
EP0657789B1 EP19940309235 EP94309235A EP0657789B1 EP 0657789 B1 EP0657789 B1 EP 0657789B1 EP 19940309235 EP19940309235 EP 19940309235 EP 94309235 A EP94309235 A EP 94309235A EP 0657789 B1 EP0657789 B1 EP 0657789B1
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Prior art keywords
toner
fusing
release agent
oil
amino
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EP19940309235
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0657789A2 (de
EP0657789A3 (de
Inventor
Arnold W. Henry
Louis D. Fratangelo
Santokh S. Badesha
Clifford O. Eddy
David Fraser
Donald A. Seanor
George J. Heeks
Samuel Kaplan
Che C. Chow
David H. Pan
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Priority claimed from US08/315,006 external-priority patent/US5512409A/en
Priority claimed from US08/314,759 external-priority patent/US5531813A/en
Priority claimed from US08/315,004 external-priority patent/US5747212A/en
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Publication of EP0657789A3 publication Critical patent/EP0657789A3/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2017—Structural details of the fixing unit in general, e.g. cooling means, heat shielding means
    • G03G15/2025—Structural details of the fixing unit in general, e.g. cooling means, heat shielding means with special means for lubricating and/or cleaning the fixing unit, e.g. applying offset preventing fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/20—Details of the fixing device or porcess
    • G03G2215/2093—Release agent handling devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fusing system, method of fusing as well as a release agent for the fusing system in an electrostatographic printing apparatus.
  • it relates to the use of a novel predominantly monoamino functional silicone oil as a release agent in such a fusing system where the fuser member is a thermally stable hydrofluoroelastomer.
  • a light image of an original to be copied is recorded in the form of an electrostatic latent image upon a photosensitive member and the latent image is subsequently rendered visible by the application of electroscopic thermoplastic resin particles which are commonly referred to as toner.
  • the visible toner image is then in a loose powdered form and can be easily disturbed or destroyed.
  • the toner image is usually fixed or fused upon a support which may be photosensitive member itself or other support sheet such as plain paper.
  • thermal energy for fixing toner images onto a support member is well known.
  • thermoplastic resin particles are fused to the substrate by heating to a temperature of between about 90° C to about 160° C or higher depending upon the softening range of the particular resin used in the toner. It is not desirable, however, to raise the temperature of the substrate substantially higher than about 200°C because of the tendency of the substrate to discolor at such elevated temperatures particularly when the substrate is paper.
  • thermal fusing of electroscopic toner images have been described in the prior art. These methods include providing the application of heat and pressure substantially concurrently by various means: a roll pair maintained in pressure contact; a belt member in pressure contact with a roll; and the like. Heat may be applied by heating one or both of the rolls, plate members or belt members. The fusing of the toner particles takes place when the proper combination of heat, pressure and contact time are provided. The balancing of these parameters to bring about the fusing of the toner particles is well known in the art, and they can be adjusted to suit particular machines or process conditions.
  • both the toner image and the support are passed through a nip formed between the roll pair, or plate or belt members.
  • the concurrent transfer of heat and the application of pressure in the nip effects the fusing of the toner image onto the support. It is important in the fusing process that no offset of the toner particles from the support to the fuser member takes place during normal operations. Toner particles offset onto the fuser member may subsequently transfer to other parts of the machine or onto the support in subsequent copying cycles, thus, increasing the background or interfering with the material being copied there.
  • the so called "hot offset” occurs when the temperature of the toner is raised to a point where the toner particles liquefy and a splitting of the molten toner takes place during the fusing operation with a portion remaining on the fuser member.
  • the hot offset temperature or degradation of the hot offset temperature is a measure of the release property of the fuser roll, and accordingly it is desired to provide a fusing surface which has a low surface energy to provide the necessary release.
  • release agents to the fuser members to insure that the toner is completely released from the fuser roll during the fusing operation.
  • these materials are applied as thin films of, for example, silicone oils to prevent toner offset.
  • fuser members Some recent developments in fuser members, release agents and fusing systems are described in US-A-4,264,181 to Lentz et al., US-A-4,257,699 to Lentz and US-A-4,272,179 to Seanor, all commonly assigned to the assignee of the present application. These patents describe fuser members and methods of fusing thermoplastic resin toner images to a substrate wherein a polymeric release agent having functional groups is applied to the surface of the fuser member.
  • the fuser member comprises a base member having an elastomeric surface with a metal containing filler therein which has been cured with a nucleophilic addition curing agent.
  • fuser member is an aluminum base member with a poly(vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer cured with bisphenol curing agent having lead oxide filler dispersed therein and utilizing a mercapto functional polyorganosiloxane oil as a release agent.
  • the polymeric release agents have functional groups (also designated as chemically reactive functional groups) which interact with the metal containing filler dispersed in the elastomer or resinous material of the fuser member surface to form a thermally stable film which releases thermoplastic resin toner and which prevents the thermoplastic resin toner from contacting the elastomer material itself.
  • the metal oxide, metal salt, metal alloy or other suitable metal compound filler dispersed in the elastomer or resin upon the fuser member surface interacts with the functional groups of the polymeric release agent.
  • the metal containing filler materials do not cause degradation of or have any adverse effect upon the polymeric release agent having functional groups. Because of this reaction between the elastomer having a metal containing filler and the polymeric release agent having functional groups, excellent release and the production of high quality copies are obtained even at high rates of speed of electrostatographic reproducing machines.
  • US-A-4,101,686 and 4,185,140 are directed to polymeric release agents having functional groups such as carboxy, hydroxy, epoxy, amino, isocyanate, thioether, and mercapto groups as release fluids.
  • functional groups such as carboxy, hydroxy, epoxy, amino, isocyanate, thioether, and mercapto groups as release fluids.
  • Some of these fusing systems have enjoyed significant commercial application.
  • a fuser roll made from Viton E 45 (a copolymer of 77 weight percent vinylidenefluoride and 23 weight percent hexafluoropropylene) filled with lead oxide has been successfully used in a fusing system employing a mercapto functional polyorganosiloxane release agent.
  • a fusing method and fusing system wherein the fusing members are hydrofluoroelastomers which do not contain as anchoring sites heavy metals, metal oxides or other metal compounds and are used in conjunction with amino functional silicone oils which react with and bond directly to the hydrofluoroelastomer surface without the need of a heavy metal or metal oxide anchoring sites.
  • the fusing method and fusing system comprise providing a heated thermally stable FKM hydrofluoroelastomer fusing surface at elevated temperature, said FKM hydrofluoroelastomer fusing surface having been prepared in the absence of anchoring sites for a release agent of heavy metals and heavy metal oxides, forming a film of a fluid release agent on said elastomer surface comprising an amino functional oil having the formula: where 50 ⁇ n ⁇ 200, p is 1 to 5, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of alkyl and arylalkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R 4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and arylalkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and a polyorganosiloxane chain having 1 to 100 diorganosiloxy repeat units, and R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and arylalkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
  • At least 85% and preferably about 93% of the polyorgano amino functional siloxane chains have p equal to 1 and the groups are situated at random along the chain.
  • polyorgano amino functional siloxane chains have p equal to 1 and the amino functionality is provided by aminopropylmethylsiloxy groups.
  • the amino functional oil remains functionally fluid at temperatures of from about -1°C (30°F) to about 232°C (450°F) and has a viscosity of from 100 to about 1000 centipoise at 20° C.
  • the monoamino functional oil is prepared in a batch process in the absence of subsequent dilution with nonfunctional oil.
  • the fuser member is a thermally stable FKM hydrofluoroelastomer.
  • the monoamino functional release agent has a viscosity of from about 100 to about 1000 centipoise at 20°C.
  • a typical fuser member of the present invention is described in conjunction with a fuser assembly as shown in FIG. 1 where the numeral 1 designates a fuser roll comprising elastomer surface 2 upon suitable base member 4 which is a hollow cylinder or core fabricated from any suitable metal such as aluminum, anodized aluminum, steel, nickel, copper, and the like, having a suitable heating element 6 disposed in the hollow portion thereof which is coextensive with the cylinder.
  • Backup or pressure roll 8 cooperates with fuser roll 1 to form a nip or contact arc 10 through which a copy paper or other substrate 12 passes such that toner images 14 thereon contact elastomer surface 2 of fuser roll 1.
  • the backup roll 8 has a rigid steel core 16 with a soft surface layer 18 thereon.
  • Sump 20 contains a polymeric release agent 22 which may be a solid or liquid at room temperature, but is a fluid at operating temperatures.
  • two release agent delivery rolls 17 and 19 rotatably mounted in the direction indicated are provided to transport release agent 22 from the sump 20 to the elastomer surface.
  • roll 17 is partly immersed in the sump 20 and transports on its surface release agent from the sump to the delivery roll 19.
  • a metering blade 24 a layer of polymeric release fluid can be applied initially delivery roll 19 and subsequently to elastomer 2 in controlled thickness ranging from submicrometer thickness to thickness of several micrometers of release fluid.
  • metering device 24 about 0.1 to 2 micrometers or greater thickness of release fluid can be applied to the surface of elastomer 2.
  • the term fuser member may be a roll, belt, flat surface or other suitable shape used in the fixing of thermoplastic toner images to a suitable substrate. It may take the form of a fuser member, a pressure member or a release agent donor member preferably in the form of a cylindrical roll.
  • the fuser member is made of a hollow cylindrical metal core, such as copper, aluminum, steel and like, and has an outer layer of the selected cured fluoroelastomer.
  • Typical materials having the appropriate thermal and mechanical properties for such layers include silicone elastomers, fluoroelastomers, EPDM and Teflon PFA sleeved rollers.
  • the amino functional oil release agents according to the present invention can be represented by the formula: where 50 ⁇ n ⁇ 200, p is 1 to 5 and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of alkyl and arylalkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R 4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and arylalkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and a polyorganosiloxane chain having 1 to 100 organosiloxy repeat units, and R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and arylalkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein at least 85% and preferably about 93% of the polyorgano amino functional siloxane chains have p equal to 1 and the groups are situated at random along the chain, said oil having amino active molecules to interact with said hydrofluoroelastomer surface to provide an interfacial barrier layer to said toner and a low surface energy film to release said toner from said surface.
  • an interfacial barrier layer is also formed which is at least in part carried off with the copy sheet.
  • the amino functional oil may react with the hydrofluoroelastomer or the toner by similar reactions, the primary reaction being an addition reaction across a double bond.
  • the amino functional oil may be separately manufactured as a concentrate and subsequently diluted with nonfunctional polyorganosiloxane oil to provide a mixture with a distribution of amines in a large group of siloxanes.
  • a broader distribution of the amine functionality mono, di and tri-amino may be obtained.
  • a desired level of amine concentration and final molecular weight are decided upon and the appropriate amounts of amine containing monomer, nonamine containing monomer, trimethylsiloxy end blocker and polymerization catalysts are added to the reaction vessel. This procedure maximizes the monoamino functionality per active molecule.
  • Typical substantially amino functional polyorganosiloxanes include among others, methyl aminopropyl methyl siloxane, ethyl aminopropyl methyl siloxane, benzyl aminopropyl methyl siloxane, dodecyl aminopropyl methyl siloxane, aminopropyl methyl siloxane.
  • These monoamino polyorganosiloxanes typically have a viscosity of from abut 100 to about 1,000 centipoise at 20° C. This permits easy handling of the oil particularly when delivering it to the fuser roll.
  • the amino functionality is provided by aminopropyl methyl siloxy groups.
  • the functional amino group is at some random point in the backbone of the chain of the polyorganosiloxane which is flanked by trimethylsiloxy end groups.
  • the amino group may be a primary or a secondary amine wherein one of the hydrogens is substituted by R 5 .
  • the FKM hydrofluoroelastomers are those defined in ASTM designation D1418-90 and are directed to fluororubbers of the polymethylene type having substituent fluoro and perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy groups on a polymer chain.
  • fluoroelastomers useful in the practice of the present invention are those described in detail in the above referenced U S-A-4,257,699 to Lentz, as well as those described in commonly assigned copending US-A-5,017,432 to Eddy et al. and 5,061,965 to Finsterwalder et al.
  • these fluoroelastomers particularly from the class of copolymers and terpolymers of vinylidenefluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, known commercially under various designations as Viton A, Viton E60C, Viton E430, Viton 910, Viton GH and Viton GF.
  • Viton designation is a Trademark of E. I. DuPont deNemours, Inc.
  • Other commercially available materials include Fluorel 2170, Fluorel 2174, Fluorel 2176, Fluorel 2177 and Fluorel LVS 76, Fluorel being a Trademark of 3M Company.
  • Additional commercially available materials include Aflas a poly(propylene-tetrafluoroethylene), Fluorel II (LII900) a poly(propylene-tetrafluoroethylene-vinylidenefluoride) both also available from 3M Company as well as the Tecnoflons identified as FOR-60KIR, FOR-LHF, NM, FOR-THF, FOR-TFS, TH, TN505 available from Montedison Specialty Chemical Co.
  • these fluoroelastomers are cured with a nucleophilic addition curing system, such as a bisphenol crosslinking agent with an organophosphonium salt accelerator as described in further detail in the above referenced Lentz Patent, and in U. S. Patent No. 5,017,432 to Eddy et al.
  • the fluoroelastomer is one having a relatively low quantity of vinylidenefluoride, such as in Viton GF, available from E. I DuPont deNemours, Inc.
  • the Viton GF has 35 weight percent vinylidenefluoride, 34 weight percent hexafluoropropylene and 29 weight percent tetrafluoroethylene with 2 weight percent cure site monomer. It is generally cured with a conventional aliphatic peroxide curing agent.
  • the amino functional oil can react with any toner capable of reacting with amino groups and the fluoroelastomer fuser roll surface.
  • Multifunctional amino silicone oil molecules can react simultaneously with both the unsaturation in the toner and the fuser roll surface thereby adhering the toner to the fuser roll surface and forming the basis for further toner offset shortening the functional life of the fuser roll.
  • a multifunctional amino oil has the capability of acting as an adhesive between the toner and FKM hydrofluoroelastomer fuser roll surface.
  • a monofunctional amino oil molecule can react either with the toner or the fluoroelastomer roll surface but not both hence it can not act as a toner/fuser roll adhesive.
  • the amino groups attack the hydrofluoroelastomer chain and form a chemical bond between the nitrogen atom and the chain by displacing a fluorine atom from the hydrofluoroelastomer chain (Ref. Fluoropolymers, Ed. L. Wall, p. 294, Wiley-Interscience, 1972). While some of the functional oil is consumed by being carried away by paper or worn off, the continuous resupply of release agent insures that the chemical bond between the amino groups and the hydrofluoroelastomer is maintained.
  • fuser roll life is over 500K copies while using amino functional oils with the same number of active chains but with three amino groups per active chain (0.2 mole percent amine content) failure typically occurs after less than a few thousand copies.
  • increasing the number of amino groups by increasing the number of such groups per active chain while retaining the same number of active chains dramatically reduces fuser sub-system life.
  • This reduction in fuser subsystem life is most pronounced when the amino groups in the silicone release agent can react on the one hand with the toner and on the other hand with the fuser member such as an FKM hydrofluoroelastomer available from E.
  • VitonTM I. DuPont de deNemours Company under the designation VitonTM. If the individual silicone chains in the release agent have more than one amine functional group, one can react both with the Viton surface and with the toner causing the toner to adhere to the Viton surface. The effect is that the oil acts as an adhesive, bounding the toner to the surface and raising the surface energy which will lead to short-term release failure. However, for the instance wherein the active chains that contain one and only one functional amine group, reaction with the Viton surface or the toner, but not both, simultaneously, with the siloxane chain can occur. Amino functional oil that reacts only with the hydrofluoroelastomer surface contributes to coverage of the surface with the low energy fluid that enhances release while amino functional oil that reacts with the toner is harmlessly carried away on the paper having a little effect on release.
  • a toner containing an activated olefinic group is the resin which is a copolymer of bisphenol A, 1,2-propane diol and fumaric acid:
  • the double bond of the fumaric acid component of the resin can react with the amine group of the fuser oil by nucleophilic addition.
  • the amino functional silicone oil have only one functional amino group per active chain as the bonding of oil to toner and to the Viton fuser roll surface is indicated below.
  • amino functional silicone oil is not limited to toner resins containing olefinic groups as amines are also known to react with esters of carboxylic acid.
  • polyester resins are susceptible to attack by amines as follows:
  • the amino functional silicone oils must contain one and only one functional amino group per chain. This is best achieved by a batch or one pot synthesis without subsequent dilution by nonfunctional oil.
  • This combination of hydrofluoroelastomer and amino functional polyorganosiloxane has some enormous advantages in that there is no metal, metal oxide, metal compound or other reactive filler necessary to be present in the fusing surface to act as an anchoring site for the release agent as in the case with the mercapto polyorganosiloxane release agent.
  • fusing performance is enhanced in that the degradative effect of the charge control agent on the fluoroelastomer is reduced and safety considerations due to the use of heavy metals are eliminated.
  • there is no offensive odor such as with the mercapto functional release fluid in that there is no sulfur smell as a result of the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
  • the amino functional polyorganosiloxane can react with any portion of the hydrofluoroelastomer and does not require the presence of a reactive site such as the copper oxide which is typically provided for many of these materials.
  • the amino functional oil may of course be used with a hydrofluoroelastomer fusing surface which does contain metal or metal oxide reactive sites.
  • the mercapto functional release agents begin with relatively small reactive sites which have to spread, making it much more difficult for the mercapto functional fluid to get complete coverage over the entire fusing surface, since anchoring sites are necessary and the fluid has to bridge between the sites.
  • anchoring sites are necessary and the fluid has to bridge between the sites.
  • the described release agents were evaluated on a three inch bench web fixture, the web continuously running at 20 cm/sec.
  • the fuser roll coating was comprised of 1.5 mm of a thermally conductive silicone rubber with a release overcoat of 0.050 mm Viton GF cured with DuPont's VC-50 curing system which did not contain any copper oxide.
  • the Viton GF layer contained no heavy metals and heavy metal oxides or other metal compounds.
  • the fuser roll was 50 mm in diameter and was operated at 20 cm/sec. surface speed and at a run temperature of 360° F which is 30° F above the temperature at which image fix becomes acceptable.
  • a polyester toner was used and the image coverage was 50%.
  • the level of toner as the image on the paper carrier was 1.0 mg/cm 2 .
  • the polyester was made with fumaric acid and hence it was unsaturated.
  • the toner contained the proper amount of aerosil to promote toner flow and a charge control agent to provide the necessary tribo characteristics for toner development. Failure, hot offset, occurs when part of the toner image becomes attached to the fuser roll and is then transferred to the paper on the next revolution of the fuser roll.
  • an amino functional polyorganosiloxane release agent having about 0.21 mole percent aminopropyl methyl siloxy groups which on average had about three functional groups per active siloxane chain where only 18% of the active chains are monoamino when subjected to the same test provided very low release life of less than 2,000 prints.
  • the release agent having amino functional silicone oil molecules having one and only one polyorgano amino functional group provides a dramatically long life with no hot offset after 500,000 prints which is characteristic of the life required in high volume, high speed, high quality electrostatographic machines.
  • Example I illustrates this with the fraction of amino functional oil molecules having one and only one amino group at 96%. This amino functional oil was prepared by the batch process.
  • Example II the concentrate of Example II is prepared to provided 62% of the amino functional silicone oil molecules having one and only one amino group then diluted, had failure after only 53K prints. While clearly acceptable in certain applications, it is not acceptable in high volume, high speed machines producing high quality prints.
  • Examples III a and III b illustrate the very low release life of amino functional oils when only 18% of the active chains are monoamine.
  • Example IV illustrates the virtually nonexistent release life of conventional mercapto functional oil. Also a comparison of Examples I, II, IIIa and IIIb shows that with decreasing monofunctionality there is a corresponding decrease in life prior to failure.
  • a substantially improved fusing system, method and release agent have been provided and in particular a system wherein the release performance is dramatically improved over the multifunctional amino release agents. Furthermore, by limiting the number of functional amino groups per polyorganosiloxane chain to one and only one in at least 85% and preferably about 93% of the chains, the opportunity for the release agent to react with both the hydrofluoroelastomer fusing surface and the toner in such a manner as to adhere the two together thereby preventing the desired quality of release leading to failure from offset has been prevented. Most importantly, with this high degree of amino monofunctionality in the silicone release agent, the fusing system according to the present invention has application for extended use in high speed high volume and high quality printing machines.

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Claims (13)

  1. Trennmittelfluid zur Anwendung auf einem Fixierelement mit einer wärmestabilen FKM-Fluorwasserstoffelastomeroberfläche (2) zum Fixieren von Tonern aus thermoplastischem Harz auf einem Substrat (12) in einer elektrostatographischen Druckvorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trennmittelfluid ein aminofunktionelles Öl mit der Formel
    Figure 00210001
    umfaßt, worin 50 ≤ n ≤ 200, p 1 bis 5 ist und R1, R2 und R3 aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, die aus Alkyl- und Arylalkylresten mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen besteht, R4 aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Alkyl- und Arylalkylresten mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und einer Polyorganosiloxankette mit 1 bis 100 sich wiederholenden Diorganosiloxyeinheiten besteht, und R5 aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Wasserstoff, Alkyl- und Arylalkylresten mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen besteht, wobei das Öl ausreichend Aminofunktionalität je aktives Molekül aufweist, um mit der Fluorwasserstoffelastomeroberfläche in Wechselwirkung zu treten und eine Grenzflächen-Sperrschicht für den Toner und einen Film mit niedriger Oberflächenenergie zum Trennen des Toners von der Oberfläche bereitzustellen.
  2. Trennmittelfluid wie in Anspruch 1 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei mindestens 85% der aminofunktionellen Polyorganosiloxanketten p 1 ist und die Gruppen
    Figure 00210002
    entlang der Kette zufallsverteilt angeordnet sind, wobei das Öl vorwiegend eine Monoaminofunktionalität je aktives Molekül aufweist.
  3. Trennmittelfluid wie in Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei etwa 93% der aminofunktionellen Polyorganosiloxanketten p 1 ist.
  4. Trennmittelfluid wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aminofunktionalität durch Aminopropylmethylsiloxygruppen bereitgestellt wird.
  5. Trennmittelfluid wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das aminofunktionelle Öl bei Temperaturen von etwa -1°C (30°F) bis etwa 232°C (450°F) fluid bleibt.
  6. Trennmittelfluid wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das aminofunktionelle Öl eine Viskosität von etwa 100 bis etwa 1000 Centipoise bei 20°C aufweist.
  7. Beheiztes Druckfixiersystem zum Fixieren eines thermoplastischen Toners in einer elektrostatographischen Druckvorrichtung, in der ein beheiztes Fixierelement (1) und eine Andruckwalze (8) ein Fixierbogenstück (10) zum Fixieren von Tonerbildern (14) auf einem Substrat (12) definieren, wobei das Fixierelement (1) eine Fixieroberfläche (2) aus wärmestabilem FKM-Fluorwasserstoffelastomer, bei der die Fixieroberfläche aus FKM-Fluorwassertoffelastomer in Abwesenheit von Verankerungsstellen für ein Trennmittel aus Schwermetallen, Schwermetalloxiden oder anderen Schwermetallverbindungen hergestellt worden ist, und Mittel zur Zufuhr eines Trennmittels zu der Oberfläche umfaßt, wobei das Trennmittel ein fluides aminofunktionelles Öl mit der Formel
    Figure 00220001
    umfaßt, worin 50 ≤ n ≤ 200, p 1 bis 5 ist und R1, R2 und R3 aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, die aus Alkyl- und Arylalkylresten mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen besteht, R4 aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Alkyl- und Arylalkylresten mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und einer Polyorganosiloxankette mit 1 bis 100 sich wiederholenden Diorganosiloxyeinheiten besteht, und R5 aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Wasserstoff, Alkyl- und Arylalkylresten mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen besteht, wobei das Öl ausreichend Aminofunktionalität je aktives Molekül aufweist, um mit der Fluorwasserstoffelastomeroberfläche in Wechselwirkung zu treten und eine Grenzflächen-Sperrschicht für den Toner und einen Film mit niedriger Oberflächenenergie zum Trennen des Toners von der Oberfläche bereitzustellen.
  8. Verfahren zum Fixieren von Tonerbildern (14) aus thermoplastischem Harz auf einem Substrat (12), das das Bereitstellen einer beheizten Fixieroberfläche (2) aus wärmestabilem FKM-Fluorwasserstoffelastomer bei erhöhter Temperatur, Bilden eines Films aus einem Trennmittelfluid auf der Elastomeroberfläche (2), das ein fluides aminofunktionelles Öl mit der Formel
    Figure 00230001
    umfaßt, worin 50 ≤ n ≤ 200, p 1 bis 5 ist und R1, R2 und R3 aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, die aus Alkyl- und Arylalkylresten mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen besteht, R4 aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Alkyl- und Arylalkylresten mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und einer Polyorganosiloxankette mit 1 bis 100 sich wiederholenden Diorganosiloxyeinheiten besteht, und R5 aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Wasserstoff, Alkyl- und Arylalkylresten mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen besteht, wobei das Öl ausreichend Aminofunktionalität je aktives Molekül aufweist, um mit der Fluorwasserstoffelastomeroberfläche in Wechselwirkung zu treten und eine Grenzflächen-Sperrschicht für den Toner und einen Film mit niedriger Oberflächenenergie zum Trennen des Toners von der Oberfläche bereitzustellen, In-Berührung-bringen des Tonerbildes auf dem Substrat mit dem Film auf der erhitzten Elastomeroberfläche unter Fixieren des Tonerbildes auf dem Substrat und Abkühlenlassen des Toners umfaßt.
  9. Verfahren wie in Anspruch 8 beansprucht, wobei die Fixieroberfläche aus FKM-Fluorwasserstoffelastomer in Abwesenheit von Verankerungsstellen für ein funktionelles Trennmittel aus Schwermetallen, Schwermetalloxiden oder anderen Schwermetallverbindungen hergestellt worden ist.
  10. Verfahren wie in Anspruch 8 oder Anspruch 9 beansprucht, wobei bei mindestens 85% der aminofunktionellen Polyorganosiloxanketten p 1 ist und die Gruppen
    Figure 00240001
    entlang der Kette zufallsverteilt angeordnet sind und das Öl vorwiegend eine Monoaminofunktionalität je aktives Molekül aufweist.
  11. Verfahren wie in einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10 beansprucht, wobei das aminofunktionelle Öl mit nichtfunktionellem Organosiloxanöl in einer Menge von etwa 0,01 bis 0,30 Mol-% der Gesamtzahl Organosiloxygruppen zugegen ist.
  12. Verfahren wie in einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11 beansprucht, wobei das aminofunktionelle Öl in Abwesenheit einer nachfolgenden Verdünnung mit nichtfunktionellem Öl in einem absatzweisen Verfahren hergestellt wird.
  13. Bilderzeugungssystem umfassend Mittel zum Bilden eines nicht-fixierten Tonerbildes auf einem Substrat, wobei der Toner für eine Reaktion mit Aminen empfänglich ist, und Fixiermittel zum Fixieren des Toners auf dem Substrat, das ein in Anspruch 7 beanspruchtes beheiztes Druckfixiersystem umfaßt.
EP19940309235 1993-12-10 1994-12-09 Schmelzfixiersystem, Verfahren zur Schmelzfixierung und Trennmittel für das Schmelzfixiersystem in einem elektrostatographischen Druckgerät Expired - Lifetime EP0657789B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US315006 1989-02-24
US16485393A 1993-12-10 1993-12-10
US164853 1993-12-10
US315004 1994-09-29
US08/315,006 US5512409A (en) 1993-12-10 1994-09-29 Fusing method and system with hydrofluoroelastomers fuser member for use with amino functional silicone oils
US08/314,759 US5531813A (en) 1993-12-10 1994-09-29 Fusing system with monoamino functional silicone release agent
US08/315,004 US5747212A (en) 1993-12-10 1994-09-29 Fusing system with amino functional groups in siloxane release agent for use with toners and fusing members reactive with amine groups
US314759 1994-09-29

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EP0657789A2 EP0657789A2 (de) 1995-06-14
EP0657789A3 EP0657789A3 (de) 1996-03-06
EP0657789B1 true EP0657789B1 (de) 1998-07-15

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US7198875B2 (en) * 2004-06-25 2007-04-03 Xerox Corporation Amino-functional siloxane copolymer release agents for fuser members
US7186462B2 (en) 2004-06-25 2007-03-06 Xerox Corporation T-type amino functional release agent for fuser members

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4185140A (en) * 1974-07-24 1980-01-22 Xerox Corporation Polymeric release agents for electroscopic thermoplastic toners
US4272179A (en) * 1979-04-04 1981-06-09 Xerox Corporation Metal-filled elastomer fuser member
US4970559A (en) * 1987-11-10 1990-11-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Organic polymer material having antistatic property, elastic revolution body and fixing device using the same
US5157445A (en) * 1990-04-12 1992-10-20 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Fixing device

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DE69411687D1 (de) 1998-08-20
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DE69411687T2 (de) 1999-01-21

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