EP0642142B1 - Self-inductance coil - Google Patents
Self-inductance coil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0642142B1 EP0642142B1 EP94202487A EP94202487A EP0642142B1 EP 0642142 B1 EP0642142 B1 EP 0642142B1 EP 94202487 A EP94202487 A EP 94202487A EP 94202487 A EP94202487 A EP 94202487A EP 0642142 B1 EP0642142 B1 EP 0642142B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- self
- inductance coil
- coil
- cylinder
- millimeters
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010041235 Snoring Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
- H01F27/255—Magnetic cores made from particles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
- H01F17/04—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core
- H01F17/045—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core with core of cylindric geometry and coil wound along its longitudinal axis, i.e. rod or drum core
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a self-inductance coil, intended for inject a low frequency current into a cable of a distribution network television, coil having a winding wound on a cylinder made of molded plastic material containing a rectilinear magnetic core.
- Such a self-inductance coil is used to inject a current at low frequency, for example of the order of ten amps with a frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz, in a cable of a television distribution network, to power various devices.
- a coil comprising a winding wound on a magnetic core straight with gaps is known from French patent N ° 951.963.
- This patent describes a coil intended for low application frequency (discharge lamps), which one wishes to be able to adjust the threshold of saturation, and which for this purpose has one or more recesses inside of a rectilinear nucleus. The document does not deal with the behavior of the coil regarding blocking of high frequency currents.
- a coil for the application mentioned above must have a sufficient impedance to block high frequency television signals, and let the low frequency alternating current pass. She must also present few spurious resonances so as not to disturb the band distribution network bandwidth between 5 MHz and more than 1 GHz. Also in such a distribution network the high frequency signals are modulated from parasitic at the frequency of the supply current (modulation of snoring), because of non-linearities due to hysteresis phenomena and of saturation in the material of the coil core.
- the invention aims to significantly reduce the modulation of snoring by maintaining sufficient impedance for high frequency signals, and without excessively increasing the volume of the coil.
- the invention takes advantage of the saturation characteristics of open nuclei in according to their geometry and the property of dispersion of the fields magnetic in an open core as a function of frequency.
- a coil according to the invention is remarkable in that the core magnetic consists of a plurality of trapped ferrite cylinders in the plastic cylinder, placed in the extension one of each other and held in place by their molding in the plastic of the cylinder, with a space between each of them.
- the molded plastic cylinder has on its cylindrical outer surface a helical groove.
- This groove guides the wire during winding and keeps it in place thereafter.
- not only the saturation but also possible vibrations generate parasitic modulation.
- a subsidiary advantage to the times of the molding of the cores and the presence of the groove is therefore that the parasitic modulation due to this cause is also greatly reduced, since the wire as well as the cores are mechanically well immobilized.
- the core is preferably made of three cylinders ferrite in ferroxcube 4B1 material with a diameter between 7 and 13 millimeters, each having a length between 8 and 16 millimeters and separated by spaces each between 1 and 3 millimeters, and the winding includes a number of turns between 20 and 40, wound with a thread of which the diameter is between 8 and 16 tenths of a millimeter.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of the use of a coil according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of a cylindrical core for a coil according to the invention.
- the current in question is usually between eight and twelve amps.
- the magnetic core according to the invention shown in Figure 2, consists three ferrite cylinders 4, 5, 6 placed end to end with a space between each of them.
- This ferrite cylinders are overmolded in a cylinder 3 made of material plastic.
- This molded plastic cylinder 3 comprises on its cylindrical outer surface a helical groove 7.
- the core is made of three ferrite cylinders made of ferroxcube 4B1 material whose diameter is 10 millimeters, each having a length of 12 millimeters and separated by spaces of 2 millimeters each.
- the winding comprises 24 turns wound with a 10/10 th of a millimeter wire.
- thermoplastic material used for the manufacture of a self-inductance coil according to the invention.
- thermoplastic material used for the manufacture of a self-inductance coil according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne une bobine de self-inductance, destinée à injecter un courant à basse fréquence dans un câble d'un réseau de distribution de télévision, bobine comportant un enroulement bobiné sur un cylindre fait de matière plastique moulée contenant un noyau magnétique rectiligne.The present invention relates to a self-inductance coil, intended for inject a low frequency current into a cable of a distribution network television, coil having a winding wound on a cylinder made of molded plastic material containing a rectilinear magnetic core.
Une telle bobine de self-inductance est utilisée pour injecter un courant à basse
fréquence, par exemple de l'ordre d'une dizaine d'ampères avec une fréquence
de 50 Hz ou 60 Hz, dans un câble d'un réseau de distribution de télévision,
pour alimenter divers appareils.Such a self-inductance coil is used to inject a current at low
frequency, for example of the order of ten amps with a
Une bobine comportant un enroulement bobiné sur un noyau magnétique rectiligne présentant des entrefers est connue du brevet français N° 951.963. Ce brevet décrit une bobine destinée à une application à basse fréquence (lampes à décharge), dont on désire pouvoir ajuster le seuil de saturation, et qui présente à cet effet un ou plusieurs évidements à l'intérieur d'un noyau rectiligne. Le document ne traite pas du comportement de la bobine en ce qui concerne le blocage de courants à haute fréquence.A coil comprising a winding wound on a magnetic core straight with gaps is known from French patent N ° 951.963. This patent describes a coil intended for low application frequency (discharge lamps), which one wishes to be able to adjust the threshold of saturation, and which for this purpose has one or more recesses inside of a rectilinear nucleus. The document does not deal with the behavior of the coil regarding blocking of high frequency currents.
Une autre bobine du même type est connue du brevet CH-A-240 899.Another coil of the same type is known from patent CH-A-240,899.
Une bobine destinée à l'application mentionnée plus haut doit avoir une impédance suffisante pour bloquer les signaux de télévision à haute fréquence, et laisser passer le courant alternatif à basse fréquence. Elle doit également présenter peu de résonnances parasites pour ne pas perturber la bande passante du réseau de distribution entre 5 MHz et plus de 1 GHz. En outre dans un tel réseau de distribution les signaux à haute fréquence sont modulés de façon parasite à la fréquence du courant d'alimentation (modulation de ronflement), à cause de non linéarités dues à des phénomènes d'hystérésis et de saturation dans la matière du noyau de la bobine.A coil for the application mentioned above must have a sufficient impedance to block high frequency television signals, and let the low frequency alternating current pass. She must also present few spurious resonances so as not to disturb the band distribution network bandwidth between 5 MHz and more than 1 GHz. Also in such a distribution network the high frequency signals are modulated from parasitic at the frequency of the supply current (modulation of snoring), because of non-linearities due to hysteresis phenomena and of saturation in the material of the coil core.
L'invention a pour but d'atténuer notablement la modulation de ronflement en maintenant une impédance suffisante pour les signaux à haute fréquence, et sans augmenter excessivement le volume de la bobine.The invention aims to significantly reduce the modulation of snoring by maintaining sufficient impedance for high frequency signals, and without excessively increasing the volume of the coil.
L'invention tire profit des caractéristiques de saturation des noyaux ouverts en fonction de leur géométrie et de la propriété de dispersion des champs magnétiques dans un noyau ouvert en fonction de la fréquence.The invention takes advantage of the saturation characteristics of open nuclei in according to their geometry and the property of dispersion of the fields magnetic in an open core as a function of frequency.
Ainsi une bobine selon l'invention est remarquable en ce que le noyau magnétique est constitué d'une pluralité de cylindres de ferrite emprisonnés dans le cylindre de matière plastique, placés dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre et maintenus en place par leur moulage dans la matière plastique du cylindre, avec un espace entre chacun d'eux. Thus a coil according to the invention is remarkable in that the core magnetic consists of a plurality of trapped ferrite cylinders in the plastic cylinder, placed in the extension one of each other and held in place by their molding in the plastic of the cylinder, with a space between each of them.
Aux basses fréquences (50 Hz) la saturation dépend surtout de la forme géométrique du noyau et en particulier de sa longueur. Pour un courant d'excitation donné dans la bobine, plus un noyau ouvert est court, moins il sature. En associant plusieurs noyaux ouverts séparés par des espaces, l'ensemble sature moins et l'inductance diminue aux basses fréquences mais cela importe peu. Par contre, au fur et à mesure que la fréquence augmente, la conductibilité magnétique dans le matériau du noyau diminue, de plus en plus de lignes de force ne coupent que partiellement la matière des noyaux ouverts, et il est possible de considérer alors que l'inductance de blocage est composée de plusieurs inductances en série, presque pas couplées entre elles. Ainsi le fait que le noyau soit divisé n'a qu'une faible influence sur la valeur de l'inductance aux fréquences élevées.At low frequencies (50 Hz) saturation depends mainly on the shape geometric of the nucleus and in particular of its length. For a current excitation given in the coil, the shorter an open core, the less it saturated. By associating several open nuclei separated by spaces, the whole saturates less and the inductance decreases at low frequencies but it doesn't matter. However, as the frequency increases, the magnetic conductivity in the core material decreases more and more lines of force only partially cut the material of open cores, and it is possible to consider then that the blocking inductor is composed of several inductors in series, almost not coupled together. So does that the nucleus is divided has only a small influence on the value of the inductance at high frequencies.
Avantageusement le cylindre de matière plastique moulée comporte sur sa surface extérieure cylindrique un sillon hélicoïdal.Advantageously, the molded plastic cylinder has on its cylindrical outer surface a helical groove.
Ce sillon permet de guider le fil pendant le bobinage et de le maintenir en place par la suite. En outre, non seulement la saturation mais aussi d'éventuelles vibrations engendrent une modulation parasite. Un avantage subsidiaire à la fois du surmoulage des noyaux et de la présence de la rainure est donc que la modulation parasite due à cette cause aussi est fortement diminuée, puisque le fil aussi bien que les noyaux sont mécaniquement bien immobilisés.This groove guides the wire during winding and keeps it in place thereafter. In addition, not only the saturation but also possible vibrations generate parasitic modulation. A subsidiary advantage to the times of the molding of the cores and the presence of the groove is therefore that the parasitic modulation due to this cause is also greatly reduced, since the wire as well as the cores are mechanically well immobilized.
Avantageusement les cylindres de ferrite sont au nombre de trois ; pour une bobine destinée à bloquer des signaux ayant une fréquence comprise entre 5 mégahertz et plus de 1 gigahertz tout en assurant le passage de courants d'une dizaine d'ampères à 50 Hz, le noyau est fait de préférence de trois cylindres de ferrite en matériau ferroxcube 4B1 dont le diamètre est compris entre 7 et 13 millimètres, ayant chacun une longueur comprise entre 8 et 16 millimètres et séparés par des espaces compris chacun entre 1 et 3 millimètres, et le bobinage comprend un nombre de tours compris entre 20 et 40, bobinés avec un fil dont le diamètre est compris entre 8 et 16 dixièmes de millimètre.Advantageously, there are three ferrite cylinders; for a coil for blocking signals with a frequency between 5 megahertz and more than 1 gigahertz while ensuring the passage of currents from a ten amps at 50 Hz, the core is preferably made of three cylinders ferrite in ferroxcube 4B1 material with a diameter between 7 and 13 millimeters, each having a length between 8 and 16 millimeters and separated by spaces each between 1 and 3 millimeters, and the winding includes a number of turns between 20 and 40, wound with a thread of which the diameter is between 8 and 16 tenths of a millimeter.
Ces aspects de l'invention ainsi que d'autres aspects plus détaillés apparaítront plus clairement grâce à la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation non limitatif.These aspects of the invention as well as other more detailed aspects will appear more clearly thanks to the following description of an embodiment not limiting.
La figure 1 est un schéma d'utilisation d'une bobine selon l'invention.Figure 1 is a diagram of the use of a coil according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un noyau cylindrique pour une bobine selon l'invention.Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of a cylindrical core for a coil according to the invention.
Le dispositif dont le schéma est représenté sur la figure 1 comporte une ligne ou câble de distribution de télévision 1, faisant partie d'un réseau de distribution de télévision, et un dispositif d'introduction de courant d'alimentation à basse fréquence, constitué de :
- une
source 8 d'alimentation dont la tension est, par exemple, de 50 volts alternatifs à 50 Hz, et qui est reliée à une borne 2, - une bobine de self-inductance L selon l'invention, qui injecte du courant à
basse fréquence dans la
ligne 1 à partir de la borne 2, - un condensateur C qui assure un découplage en haute fréquence du pied de l'inductance L.
- a
power source 8 whose voltage is, for example, 50 volts AC at 50 Hz, and which is connected to a terminal 2, - a self-inductance coil L according to the invention, which injects low frequency current into
line 1 from terminal 2, - a capacitor C which provides high frequency decoupling of the foot of the inductor L.
Le courant en question est habituellement compris entre huit et douze ampères.The current in question is usually between eight and twelve amps.
Le noyau magnétique selon l'invention, représenté sur la figure 2, est constitué
de trois cylindres de ferrite 4, 5, 6 placés bout à bout avec un espace entre
chacun d'eux.The magnetic core according to the invention, shown in Figure 2, consists
three
Ces cylindres de ferrite sont surmoulés dans un cylindre 3 fait de matière
plastique. Ce cylindre de matière plastique moulée 3 comporte
sur sa surface extérieure cylindrique un sillon 7 hélicoïdal.These ferrite cylinders are overmolded in a
Pour mettre au point les dimensions d'une telle bobine, il faut jouer sur l'écartement des cylindres de ferrite, leur nombre, et leur longueur individuelle. Des performances intéressantes ont été obtenues avec une bobine présentant les caractéristiques suivantes : le noyau est fait de trois cylindres de ferrite en matériau ferroxcube 4B1 dont le diamètre est de 10 millimètres, ayant chacun une longueur de 12 millimètres et séparés par des espaces de 2 millimètres chacun. Le bobinage comprend 24 tours bobinés avec un fil de 10/10e de millimètre.To develop the dimensions of such a coil, it is necessary to play on the spacing of the ferrite cylinders, their number, and their individual length. Interesting performances have been obtained with a coil having the following characteristics: the core is made of three ferrite cylinders made of ferroxcube 4B1 material whose diameter is 10 millimeters, each having a length of 12 millimeters and separated by spaces of 2 millimeters each. The winding comprises 24 turns wound with a 10/10 th of a millimeter wire.
Pour la fabrication d'une bobine de self-inductance selon l'invention on a utilisé un moulage par injection à chaud de matière thermoplastique et on a maintenu les noyaux de ferrite en position pendant l'injection au moyen de picots.For the manufacture of a self-inductance coil according to the invention, used a hot injection molding of thermoplastic material and the ferrite cores were kept in position during injection at medium spikes.
Claims (4)
- A self-inductance coil intended for injecting a low-frequency current into a cable of a television distribution system, which coil comprises a winding arranged on a cylinder made of a molded plastic material containing a straight magnetic core, characterized in that said magnetic core is formed by a plurality of ferrite cylinders (4, 5, 6) confined in the cylinder of a plastic material (3) and disposed in line with one another and held in place by being molded in the plastic material of the cylinder, with a spacing between each of them.
- An self-inductance coil as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the number of ferrite cylinders is three.
- A self-inductance coil as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder of a molded plastic material has a helical groove (7) in its outer surface.
- A self-inductance coil as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, with the self-inductance coil being intended for blocking signals of a frequency between 5 MHz and over 1 GHz while allowing the passage of 50 Hz currents of approximately ten amperes, the core is made of three ferrite cylinders of a material called "ferroxcube 4B1" and of a diameter of between 7 and 13 millimeters, the cylinders having a length of between 8 and 16 millimeters and being separated from one another by spacings of between 1 and 3 millimeters each, and the winding has a number of turns between 20 and 40, wound from a wire whose diameter is between 8 and 16 tenths of a millimeter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9310427 | 1993-09-01 | ||
FR9310427 | 1993-09-01 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0642142A2 EP0642142A2 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
EP0642142A3 EP0642142A3 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
EP0642142B1 true EP0642142B1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
Family
ID=9450486
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94202487A Expired - Lifetime EP0642142B1 (en) | 1993-09-01 | 1994-08-31 | Self-inductance coil |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5767759A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0642142B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH07122432A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69429752T2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW252206B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19509264A1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-09-19 | Siemens Matsushita Components | Magnetic and / or magnetizable winding carrier |
FR2775824A1 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-03 | Philips Electronics Nv | SELF INDUCTANCE COMPONENT |
JP3399366B2 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2003-04-21 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Manufacturing method of inductor |
US6339364B1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-01-15 | National Electronic Devices Ltd. | RF choke with windings separated by a distance equal to the smaller core diameter |
FR2811135B1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-11-22 | Memscap | MICRO-COMPONENT OF THE MICRO-INDUCTANCE OR MICRO-TRANSFORMER TYPE |
JP2002313630A (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-25 | Uro Electronics Co Ltd | Choke coil |
US6510970B2 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2003-01-28 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Coupling adaptor for use with an air/water syringe tip of a fluid dispensing device |
DE10129163C2 (en) * | 2001-06-16 | 2003-08-28 | Bohnert Gmbh | Coil with core and process for its manufacture |
US6741153B1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-05-25 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Flat high-voltage impulse transformer |
ES2377484T3 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2012-03-28 | Pfizer, Inc. | Benzimidazolone compounds that have 5-HT receptor agonist activity |
US20090251257A1 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-08 | Gerald Stelzer | Wiring Assembly And Method of Forming A Channel In A Wiring Assembly For Receiving Conductor and Providing Separate Regions of Conductor Contact With The Channel |
WO2010035264A1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-01 | Xtend Networks Ltd. | Chockless power coupler |
JP2010288244A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-24 | Pixela Corp | Lnb interface circuit |
CN103392066B (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2016-06-22 | 费德罗-莫格尔点火公司 | There is the corona igniter improving efficiency |
KR101919052B1 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2018-11-16 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Coordinate indicating device and coordinate sensing apparatus for sensing input coordinate of coordinate indicating device |
JP7085497B2 (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2022-06-16 | 京セラ株式会社 | Core components, their manufacturing methods, and inductors |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3123787A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | Toroidal transformer having a high turns ratio | ||
CH240899A (en) * | 1942-09-05 | 1946-01-31 | Philips Nv | High frequency coil. |
FR951963A (en) * | 1944-03-11 | 1949-11-07 | Lampes Sa | Improvements to self-coils with a straight central magnetic core |
US2776413A (en) * | 1951-05-04 | 1957-01-01 | Quality Components Inc | Core for choke coil or resistor |
US3173080A (en) * | 1959-05-25 | 1965-03-09 | Maeda Hisao | Electric circuit having distributed constants |
DE1259976B (en) * | 1962-09-12 | 1968-02-01 | Siemens Ag | High frequency coil for frequencies greater than 1 MHz |
US3491300A (en) * | 1967-03-16 | 1970-01-20 | Motorola Inc | Frequency modulation discriminator with means to select the recovery characteristic |
US3662306A (en) * | 1971-03-24 | 1972-05-09 | Gen Instrument Corp | Adjustably coupled radio frequency transformer |
JPS6012712A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1985-01-23 | Nippon Ferrite Ltd | Coil and manufacture thereof |
US4638282A (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-01-20 | United Technologies Automotive, Inc. | Wire cross-over arrangement for coil assembly |
JPH0463613U (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1992-05-29 | ||
JP2514836Y2 (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1996-10-23 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Coil parts |
JPH0513213A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-01-22 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Manufacture of magnetic material for high-frequency use |
DE4139440A1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-03 | Siemens Ag | RF choke on cylindrical body - has axial connection pins adhered into blind-end holes in body |
-
1994
- 1994-04-08 TW TW083103062A patent/TW252206B/zh active
- 1994-08-24 US US08/295,448 patent/US5767759A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-29 JP JP6203674A patent/JPH07122432A/en active Pending
- 1994-08-31 EP EP94202487A patent/EP0642142B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-31 DE DE69429752T patent/DE69429752T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
ENCYCLOPOEDIA UNIVERSALIS, 1980, volume 6, pages 1039-1042, "FERRITES" * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0642142A2 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
DE69429752D1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
EP0642142A3 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
JPH07122432A (en) | 1995-05-12 |
TW252206B (en) | 1995-07-21 |
US5767759A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
DE69429752T2 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
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