EP0636689A2 - Compositions de blanchiment - Google Patents

Compositions de blanchiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0636689A2
EP0636689A2 EP94305450A EP94305450A EP0636689A2 EP 0636689 A2 EP0636689 A2 EP 0636689A2 EP 94305450 A EP94305450 A EP 94305450A EP 94305450 A EP94305450 A EP 94305450A EP 0636689 A2 EP0636689 A2 EP 0636689A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition according
styrene
surfactant
polymeric thickener
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP94305450A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0636689A3 (fr
Inventor
David Paul Salter
Helen Martin
Elaine Jones
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unilever PLC
Akzo Nobel NASH Ltd
Unilever NV
Ingredion Inc
Original Assignee
Unilever PLC
National Starch and Chemical Ltd
Unilever NV
National Starch and Chemical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever PLC, National Starch and Chemical Ltd, Unilever NV, National Starch and Chemical Corp filed Critical Unilever PLC
Publication of EP0636689A2 publication Critical patent/EP0636689A2/fr
Publication of EP0636689A3 publication Critical patent/EP0636689A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
    • C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3947—Liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
    • C11D3/3956—Liquid compositions

Definitions

  • This invention concerns bleach compositions, particularly thickened aqueous bleach compositions.
  • a bleach composition comprising an active halogen or a peroxy bleach material; surfactant; and polymeric thickener comprising charged, hydrophilic monomer and uncharged, hydrophobic monomer, said surfactant comprising at leat 50% w/w primary alkyl sulphate.
  • the charged, hydrophilic monomer is preferably selected from group: acrylic acid and substituted acrylic acids, eg. methacyrlic acid, maleic acid and half-esters thereof, crotonic and itaconic acids and other alkene carboxylic acids and their derivatives, carboxylated styrene, sulphonated styrene, ethylene sulphonic acid, and certain nitrogen-based monomers eg acrylamide, vinyl pyrollidone, and mixtures of such hydrophilic monomers.
  • acrylic acid and substituted acrylic acids eg. methacyrlic acid, maleic acid and half-esters thereof, crotonic and itaconic acids and other alkene carboxylic acids and their derivatives, carboxylated styrene, sulphonated styrene, ethylene sulphonic acid, and certain nitrogen-based monomers eg acrylamide, vinyl pyrollidone, and mixtures of such hydrophilic monomers.
  • the uncharged hydrophobic monomer is preferably selected from the group: styrene and substituted styrenes eg. alpha-methyl styrene, alpha-olefins, eg. C12-alpha-olefin, vinyl ethers, eg. butyl vinyl ether; allyl ethers, eg. butyl allyl ether; unsaturated hydrocarbons, eg ethylene, propylene, cyclohexene and dienes, eg. 1,6 hexadiene, divinyl benzene, cyclohexadiene.
  • Such hydrophobic moieties may also be introduced into the polymer by chain transfer agents and initiators, eg.
  • mercaptans eg. dodecyl mercaptans
  • peroxides and azo initiators eg. dilauryl peroxide, AZBN (azoiso butyronitrile).
  • AZBN azoiso butyronitrile
  • a single monomer with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties may also be used.
  • the preferred polymer comprises a copolymer of methacyrlic acid and styrene, conveniently having proportions (wt %) of methacrylic acid and styrene ranging from 80:20 to 20:80.
  • Additional monomers such as acrylic esters, acrylates, olefins and substituted styrenes, may optionally be included, eg in place of up to about half of the amount of styrene.
  • the polymer is preferably substantially non cross-linked, for reasons that will be explained below, although a degree of cross-linking can be tolerated.
  • the polymer preferably has a molecular weight of about 100,000, although this is not critical and indeed it can be difficult to produce a polymer having an accurately specified molecular weight. Molecular weights in the range 80,000 to 120,000 are thus regarded as about 100,000. If the molecular weight is substantially lower, then this has a deleterious effect on thickening properties of the polymer. Further, if the molecular weight of the polymer is too high, then clarity and stability of the composition can be adversely affected.
  • One particularly preferred polymer comprises 54 wt% methacrylic acid and 46% styrene, with a molecular weight of about 100,000 and substantially no cross-linking. Such a polymer is found to be hypochlorite-stable and to be an effective thickener in hypochlorite bleach.
  • Such polymers can be readily made in conventional manner, eg by emulsion polymerisation.
  • the polymer is present in an appropriate amount to achieve thickening to a desired degree, and is typically present in an amount from 0.1 to 7.5% by wt as active material, preferably 0.5 to 3% by wt as active material.
  • Suitable amounts for any particular composition can be readily determined by experiment, depending on bleach concentration, target viscosity and other considerations. In general, the greater the concentration of bleach material, the greater the amount of polymer (and also surfactant) required to achieve a given viscosity.
  • the bleach material may comprise one or more peroxy compounds, as are well known in the art, including peracids and salts thereof, and hydrogen peroxide and derivatives thereof.
  • the bleach material comprises one or more halogen compounds, as are also well known in the art, including alkali metal and alkaline earth salts of hypohalite, haloamines, haloimines, haloimides and haloamides.
  • Hypochlorite and compounds producing hypochlorite in aqueous solution are preferred. Particularly preferred is sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, typically in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 15% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 10% by weight, and typically providing an amount of available of chlorine in the range 1 to 5% by wt.
  • the surfactant primary alkyl sulphate which is sometimes also referred to as primary alcohol sulphate or primary alkane sulphate, is an environmentally acceptable surfactant, hence use of this material to constitute at least 50% by weight of the surfactant of the composition of the invention.
  • the surfactant has a cleaning function, and it is possible to use one or more surfactants with PAS, selected from a wide range, including the following: alkyl ether sulphates, eg. lauryl ether sulphate such as those sold under the Trade Names Empicol ESB3, Empicol MD, and Perlankrol ESD, alcohol sulphates, tallow alcohol sulphate such as those sold under the Trade Name Empicol TAS30, alkyl benzene sulphonates, eg that sold under the Trade Name Nansa SL30, paraffin sulphonates, eg that sold under the Trade Name Lutensit A-PS, alkyl phenol ether sulphates, eg.
  • PAS selected from a wide range, including the following: alkyl ether sulphates, eg. lauryl ether sulphate such as those sold under the Trade Names Empicol ESB3, Empicol MD, and Perlankrol ESD
  • Olin CS1 alkyl polyglucosides, eg. those sold under the Trade Name Plantaren, EP/PO block copolymers, eg those sold under the Trade Plurafac, Triton, and Monolan PC, alkyl diphenyloxide sulphonate eg.
  • fatty acid amides eg those sold under the Trade Names Empilan CME/CDE, acyl sarcosinates, alkyl taurides, sulphosuccinates, eg that sold under the Trade Name Empimin OT, alpha-olefin sulphonates, phosphate esters (alkyl and/or aryl), eg those sold under the Trade Name Phospholan, ethoxyated fatty acids.
  • fatty acid amides eg those sold under the Trade Names Empilan CME/CDE
  • acyl sarcosinates alkyl taurides
  • sulphosuccinates eg that sold under the Trade Name Empimin OT
  • alpha-olefin sulphonates alpha-olefin sulphonates
  • phosphate esters alkyl and/or aryl
  • Phospholan ethoxyated fatty acids.
  • Suitable mixtures of surfactants are generally found to give good results.
  • the composition is preferably substantially free of nonionic surfactants (which tend to have a high adverse environmental impact, especially in the case of ethoxylated surfactants) and nitrogen-based surfactants (which can also be environmentally detrimental, especially in the case of amine oxides, which are highly reactive).
  • lauryl ether sulphates eg those sold under the Trade Names Empicol ESB3 (lauryl ether sulphate, Na salt, with 2 ethylene oxide units (2EO)), and Empicol MD (lauryl ether sulphate, Na salt, with 4 EO).
  • Empicol ESB3 lauryl ether sulphate, Na salt, with 2 ethylene oxide units (2EO)
  • Empicol MD lauryl ether sulphate, Na salt, with 4 EO.
  • a mixture of these two surfactants eg in wt proportions of active matter of MD: ESB3 of 2:1, is found to give particularly good results in a hypochlorite bleach composition.
  • Surfactant is conveniently present in an amount in the range 0.5 to 5% by wt active matter, typically about 2% to 3% by wt active matter.
  • the composition may optionally include electrolyte.
  • electrolyte Low levels of electrolytes such as sodium chloride function to provide ions in aqueous solution and have been shown to improve solution viscosity.
  • Sodium chloride is generally present in sodium hypochlorite as available commercially, or may be added to the composition in appropriate amounts.
  • composition may also optionally include buffer, to maintain pH.
  • buffer typically between 11 and 14, eg about 13, are generally appropriate to achieve desired viscosity and stability.
  • Some reagents function both as electrolyte and buffer.
  • ingredients such as fragrance, colouring agents, whiteners, solvents and builders may be included for aesthetic reasons or to improve properties.
  • One preferred composition in accordance with the invention comprises hypochlorite bleach, the preferred methacrylic acid/styrene polymer discussed above (having 54% methacrylic acid and 46% styrene, a molecular weight of about 100,000 and being substantially non-cross linked), and a mixture of lauryl ether sulphate surfactants, particularly Empicol ESB3 and Empicol MD.
  • This composition is a clear, viscous, stable, isotropic formulation, with good cleaning and bleaching properties and good stability. It is thought the polymer is acting as a hydrotrope, and thickening arises due to the interaction of the polymer with the surfactant micelles and not solely from the swelling of the polymer.
  • Non cross-linked polymers are found to give compositions with better clarity than those using cross-linked polymer, particularly if perfume (which is generally an oil) is present in the composition. This observation has not been fully explored, but it is thought that there is a competitive interaction between polymer & surfactant and surfactant & perfume.
  • substantially non cross-linked polymer By using substantially non cross-linked polymer it is also found that the polymer assists the solubilisation of perfume in the composition when cold, and that it is not necessaryy to warm the composition for the perfume to dissolve: the ability to process in the cold is a significant manufacturing advantage.
  • hypochlorite bleach containing both polymer and surfactant is found to have substantially improved characteristics of viscosity and clarity as compared with hypochlorite containing only polymer or only surfactant. This effect is not fully understood, but is much more marked with substantially non cross-linked polymer, and it is thought that the polymer reacts with the surfactant in some way, as discussed above.
  • compositions in accordance with the invention in preferred embodiments at least, have certain advantages over similar prior art compositions, including the following:
  • compositions of the invention find particular, but not exclusive, application in hard surface cleaning, eg of bathroom and kitchen surfaces, and may be embodied as hard surface cleaners, multisurface cleaners, toilet cleaners or drain cleaners.
  • polymer A A substantially non-cross linked polymer (referred to as polymer A) of methacrylic acid (54% wt) and styrene (46% wt) with a molecular weight of about 100,000 (characterised by GPC compared with polyacrylate standards) was made on a pilot scale by conventional emulsion polymerisation techniques.
  • the materials used were as follows:
  • the initial charge of deionised water and surfactants were added to a 15 litre stainless steel reactor fitted with a lid which has inlet ports for an agitator, water condenser and for the addition of monomer and initiator solutions.
  • the contents of the reactor were heated to 80°C under nitrogen.
  • Example 2 Behaviour of polymer A in 5% Sodium Hypochlorite
  • polymer B a crosslinked version of polymer A (known as polymer B) was prepared in conventional manner.
  • Example 4 Thickened bleach composition using polymer A
  • a thickened 5% hypochlorite formulation was made by mixing the following ingredients: Component Use Level (%) (% w/w active matter) Empicol MD (30% active) 2 Empicol ESB3 (27.5% active) 1 Polymer A (31% active) 1.74 Sodium hypochlorite (14% active) 5 Fragrance 0.3% Water 100% pH was adjusted to 13 with 4% caustic.
  • the resulting composition had a clear aspect and a viscosity (Brookfield) 3/20 rpm of 275 mPas. and is suitable for use eg as a domestic multi-surface cleaning product.
  • Example 5 Thickened bleach composition using polymer A
  • a thickened sodium hypochlorite composition (having 1.3% available chlorine) was made by mixing the following ingredients: Component Use level (%) (% w/w active matter) Polymer A (at 36%) 2.0% Caustic (100 Twaddle i.e. 47%) 1.49% Dacton L27 (Primary alkyl sulphate) (at 27%) 2.0% Dobanol 23-35-27 (Linear ether sulphate) (at 27%) 1.0% Dye premix 1.0% Perfume 0.3% Hypochloride (at 15.4% available Cl) 8.44% (1.3% AvCl) NaCl (hypo. soln. is 12.8%) 10.8% Alkaline silicate 0.107% Water to 100% pH was adjusted to 13 with 40% caustic.
  • the resulting composition had a clear aspect, good viscosity, stability and cleaning properties, and is suitable for use, eg as a domestic multi-surface cleaning product.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
EP94305450A 1993-07-30 1994-07-22 Compositions de blanchiment. Ceased EP0636689A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9315761 1993-07-30
GB939315761A GB9315761D0 (en) 1993-07-30 1993-07-30 Bleach compositions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0636689A2 true EP0636689A2 (fr) 1995-02-01
EP0636689A3 EP0636689A3 (fr) 1996-05-01

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EP94305450A Ceased EP0636689A3 (fr) 1993-07-30 1994-07-22 Compositions de blanchiment.

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EP (1) EP0636689A3 (fr)
GB (1) GB9315761D0 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0824146A1 (fr) * 1996-08-12 1998-02-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de blanchiment
EP0824147A1 (fr) * 1996-08-12 1998-02-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de blanchiment
US6187221B1 (en) 1999-05-12 2001-02-13 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Controlled release bleach thickening composition having enhanced viscosity stability at elevated temperatures
US6844305B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2005-01-18 The Proctor & Gamble Company Aqueous liquid detergent compositions comprising a polymeric stabilization system

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1360909A (en) * 1971-02-22 1974-07-24 Johnson & Son Inc S C Fabric treating composition and process for treating fabrics
US3985668A (en) * 1974-04-17 1976-10-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Scouring compositions
EP0256638A1 (fr) * 1986-08-07 1988-02-24 The Clorox Company Composition d'hypochlorite épaississante et son utilisation
EP0373864A2 (fr) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de blanchiment aqueuses, épaissies et stables
WO1991012307A2 (fr) * 1990-02-08 1991-08-22 Unilever N.V. Composition de blanchissage liquide
WO1991016409A1 (fr) * 1990-04-25 1991-10-31 Unilever N.V. Compositions pour detergents liquides
EP0574086A2 (fr) * 1992-06-08 1993-12-15 Colgate-Palmolive Company Sulfates d'alkyle comme modificateurs de la viscosité dans des compositions de surfactants anioniques

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1360909A (en) * 1971-02-22 1974-07-24 Johnson & Son Inc S C Fabric treating composition and process for treating fabrics
US3985668A (en) * 1974-04-17 1976-10-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Scouring compositions
EP0256638A1 (fr) * 1986-08-07 1988-02-24 The Clorox Company Composition d'hypochlorite épaississante et son utilisation
EP0373864A2 (fr) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de blanchiment aqueuses, épaissies et stables
WO1991012307A2 (fr) * 1990-02-08 1991-08-22 Unilever N.V. Composition de blanchissage liquide
WO1991016409A1 (fr) * 1990-04-25 1991-10-31 Unilever N.V. Compositions pour detergents liquides
EP0574086A2 (fr) * 1992-06-08 1993-12-15 Colgate-Palmolive Company Sulfates d'alkyle comme modificateurs de la viscosité dans des compositions de surfactants anioniques

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0824146A1 (fr) * 1996-08-12 1998-02-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de blanchiment
EP0824147A1 (fr) * 1996-08-12 1998-02-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de blanchiment
EP0824145A1 (fr) * 1996-08-12 1998-02-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de blanchiment
US6187221B1 (en) 1999-05-12 2001-02-13 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Controlled release bleach thickening composition having enhanced viscosity stability at elevated temperatures
US6844305B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2005-01-18 The Proctor & Gamble Company Aqueous liquid detergent compositions comprising a polymeric stabilization system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9315761D0 (en) 1993-09-15
EP0636689A3 (fr) 1996-05-01

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