EP0633995B1 - Warmwasseranlage - Google Patents

Warmwasseranlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0633995B1
EP0633995B1 EP93908040A EP93908040A EP0633995B1 EP 0633995 B1 EP0633995 B1 EP 0633995B1 EP 93908040 A EP93908040 A EP 93908040A EP 93908040 A EP93908040 A EP 93908040A EP 0633995 B1 EP0633995 B1 EP 0633995B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
water
baffle
heater according
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93908040A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0633995A1 (de
Inventor
Brian P. Axcell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Manchester
Original Assignee
Victoria University of Manchester
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Victoria University of Manchester filed Critical Victoria University of Manchester
Publication of EP0633995A1 publication Critical patent/EP0633995A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0633995B1 publication Critical patent/EP0633995B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0073—Arrangements for preventing the occurrence or proliferation of microorganisms in the water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • F24H9/0021—Sleeves surrounding heating elements or heating pipes, e.g. pipes filled with heat transfer fluid, for guiding heated liquid

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION concerns a storage water heater and preferably, though not exclusively, a hot water cylinder for containing a mass of water, and having an input for unheated water, and outlet for heated water, and at least one internal heat source such as an immersion heater or indirect heating coil.
  • a typical domestic hot water cylinder includes a horizontal immersion element which passes across the internal space near the bottom of the cylinder and produces substantially uniform temperature in the water above the element. This is by natural convection. The zone below the level of the element however becomes stratified and is heated only by conduction through the water or, minimally, by conduction through the copper wall. Also, since the cold water input is usually close to the bottom of the cylinder and beneath the heating element, this lower region of the cylinder usually contains water at a temperature of no greater than 30 to 35°C, a temperature which provides an ideal condition for the development of, for example, legionella bacteria.
  • a heating coil supplied with hot water from a boiler may replace the immersion element, but the temperature at the bottom of the cylinder will again be in the region of 20 to 40°C.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a storage water heater of the kind described but wherein substantially uniform heating of the water throughout the vessel is ensured such that when the heat source is active the temperature of the water throughout the vessel is above the ideal temperature for breeding of bacteria.
  • Patent specification AT-B-391202 describes a through-flow water heater comprising a container having an inlet for cold water and an outlet for heated water, an electric heating element within the container and a baffle surrounding the heating element and spaced inwardly from the wall of the container and dividing the interior of the container into inner and outer chambers which are in open communication with each other at both ends of the baffle and wherein the cold water inlet is arranged at one end of the container to feed a jet of cold water into the inner chamber in such a way as to draw water from the outer chamber into the inner chamber to be heated.
  • the present invention is distinguished from that described in AT-B-391202 in that the latter is a through flow heater which water is heated as it flows through the container whereas the present application is concerned with a storage water heater adapted to contain a mass of water to be pre-heated ready for use.
  • a storage water heater comprising an enclosed vessel for containing a mass of water, the vessel having a lower cold water inlet formed in a wall thereof and an upper hot water outlet formed in a wall thereof; internal heating means located in a lower region of the vessel and spaced from the base thereof and operative, primarily during night periods when there is no demand for hot water, to heat substantially the whole of said mass of water to an elevated temperature ready for consumption, the arrangement being such that, in use, the mass of stored hot water is permanently subjected to cold water pressure via the lower inlet whereby, upon a demand for hot water, cold water enters the vessel through the lower inlet thus displacing the whole mass of stored hot water upwardly and simultaneously discharging a corresponding amount of stored hot water from the upper region of the vessel directly through the upper outlet and water-circulating means comprising upright baffle means located adjacent to the heating means and extending downwardly below the lower extremity of the heating means, with the lowermost extremity of the baffle means close to the bottom of the vessel said baffle
  • a typical domestic hot water cylinder comprises a cylindrical copper vessel 10 having an external insulation jacket 11 extending around all but that part of the cylinder wall which rests on the floor. Unheated water is fed to the cylinder via an inlet pipe A near the bottom, and heated water may be released via an outlet pipe B at the top.
  • the cylinder is equipped with two horizontally extending electrical immersion heater elements 12 and 13 disposed in vertically spaced relationship one close to the bottom and the other to the top of the vessel. It is common practice for the lower heating element 12 to be operative during the night using reduced price electricity. If the volume of water heated is insufficient for use during the following day, then the upper element 13 may be used on a normal tariff.
  • a pair of upright parallel baffle plates 14 which extend generally diametrically across the cylinder, one on each side of a vertical line between the heating elements 12 and 13.
  • the baffles extend above and below the lower heating element 12, with their lower extremities very close to the bottom of the cylinder, and the upper extremities located below the upper heating element 13.
  • the baffles are soldered or otherwise sealingly attached along their upright edges to the internal wall surfaces of the cylinder and may in fact rest upon the domed bottom surface of the cylinder as can be seen in Fig. 1.
  • the presence of the baffles causes a column of heated water to rise between the baffles and this creates a continuous circulation of the heated water within the vessel as illustrated by the arrows 15 in Fig. 1, thus to ensure a substantially uniform temperature throughout the body of water.
  • the circulation rate will ensure that all of the water at the bottom of the cylinder is maintained in circulation thus to prevent stagnant pockets.
  • the additional heat created by the upper element is generally not circulated to the entire body of water but is retained within the upper region of the cylinder where a small volume of water heated to a higher temperature, may be required.
  • the baffles 14 will extend right across from wall to wall and be placed approximately 75mm apart, extending upwards to a level which may be between 50mm above the top of the lower element 12, and 40mm below the bottom of the upper element 13. If required, the baffles 14 may form two walls of a box-like duct open at the top and bottom and into which the lower heating element extends with a sealed connection thereto.
  • the baffles 21 extend across the vessel and terminate at the bottom close to the wall.
  • an open-ended cylindrical baffle 24 may be inserted which, for optimum performance, extends above and below the heating coil 23, which thus operates similarly to the baffle assembly illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3.
  • a cylindrical column of heated water will circulate upwardly outside the baffle 24 and downwardly inside the latter.
  • a cylindrical baffle may surround a centrally located heating coil so that the heated water will rise within the baffle and recirculate downwardly outside the latter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Ein Heißwasserspeicher, der einen geschlossenen Behälter (10) zur Aufnahme einer Wassermenge umfaßt, wobei der Behälter (10) einen unteren Kaltwassereinlaß (A) hat, der in einer Wand desselben gebildet ist, und einen oberen Heißwasserabgang (B), der in der Wand desselben gebildet ist; interne Heizvorrichtungen (12, 23), die sich im unteren Bereich des Behälters (10) und in der Nähe seines Bodens befinden und in erster Linie während der Nacht in Betrieb sind, wenn für Heißwasser kein Bedarf besteht, um im wesentlichen die gesamte obengenannte Wassermenge auf eine hohe Temperatur zu erhitzen für den Verbrauch bereit, wobei die Anordnung bei der Benutzung so ist, daß die gespeicherte Heißwassermenge ständig dem Kaltwasserdruck über dem unteren Einlaß (A) ausgesetzt wird, wodurch bei Bedarf für Heißwasser, kaltes Wasser durch den unteren Einlaß (A) in den Behälter (10) eintritt, dadurch wird die gesamte gespeicherte Heißwassermenge nach oben verdrängt und gleichzeitig eine entsprechende Menge gespeichertes Heißwasser aus dem oberen Bereich des Behälters (10) direkt durch den oberen Abgang (B) abgegeben; und Vorrichtungen zum Umlauf des Wassers, die neben der Heizvorrichtung (12, 23) angeordnete und sich nach unten bis mindestens zum unteren Ende der Heizvorrichtung (12, 23) erstreckende, senkrechte, strömungsleitende Leitbleche (14, 24) umfassen, wobei das niedrigste, äußerste Ende der strömungsleitenden Leitbleche (14, 24) in der Nähe des Behälterbodens (10) angeordnet ist, dabei werden die obengenannten, strömungsleitenden Leitbleche (14, 24) adaptiert, um durch Konvektion den Wasserumlauf durch den gesamten unteren Bereich des Behälters (10) zu fördern, wenn die Heizvorrichtung (12, 23) in Betrieb ist, dadurch wird gewährleistet, daß im wesentlichen die gesamte, im Behälter befindliche Menge auf eine hohe Temperatur erhitzt und der Aufbau stagnierender Bereiche mit relativ kühlen Wasser im genannten unteren Bereich verhindert wird.
  2. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 1, worin die Heizvorrichtung (12) sich im allgemeinen waagerecht über den Behälter (10) erstreckt, und die genannten, strömungsleitenden Leitbleche ein Paar senkrechte Platten (14) umfassen, die in einem parallel mit Zwischenraum angeordnetem Verhältnis auf jeder Seite der Heizvorrichtung (12) über und unter derselben angeordnet sind.
  3. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 2, worin die jeweiligen senkrechten Kanten der strömungsleitenden Leitbleche (14) an den inneren Wandoberflächen des Behälters befestigt sind.
  4. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 3, worin der Behälter (10) zylindrisch ist, und die strömungsleitenden Leitbleche (14) sich im allgemeinen diametrisch über den Behälter (10) erstrecken und die unteren Enden der strömungsleitenden Leitbleche (14) auf einem nach oben gewölbten zentralen Bereich des Behälterbodens (10) aufliegen.
  5. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 4, einschließlich eines Paars senkrecht mit Zwischenraum angeordneter Heizelemente (12, 13), jedes erstreckt sich im allgemeinen diametrisch über den Behälter (10), eines (12) in Bodennähe und das andere (13) in der Nähe des Behälterkopfes, und die strömungsleitenden Leitbleche (14) erstrecken sich nach oben vom Niveau unter dem Bodenelement (12) bis auf ein höchstes Niveau unter dem oberen Element (13) und sind auf jeder Seite der senkrechten Linie zwischen den Heizelementen (12, 13) mit Zwischenraum angeordnet, damit wird während des Betriebs erreicht, daß eine Säule erwärmtes Wasser zwischen den strömungsleitenden Leitblechen (14) nach oben steigt, um dann außerhalb der letzteren nach unten zu zirkulieren und dadurch eine ständige Zirkulation geheizten Wassers senkrecht um die strömungsleitenden Leitbleche (14) zu schaffen.
  6. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, worin der unter jedem strömungsleitenden Leitblech (14) geschaffene Fließbereich nicht größer ist als eine Hälfte des Fließbereichs zwischen den strömungsleitenden Leitblechen (14).
  7. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 4, worin die strömungsleitenden Leitbleche (14) beim oder im Bereich von 75 mm voneinander entfernt angeordnet sind und sich nach oben bis zu einem Niveau ausbreiten, das zwischen 50 mm oberhalb der Oberseite des unteren Heizelements (12) und 40 mm unterhalb der Unterseite des oberen Heizelements (13) sein kann.
  8. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, worin die strömungsleitenden Leitbleche (14) zwei Wände eines kastenähnlichen Kanals bilden, der oben und unten offen ist, und in den die Heizvorrichtung (12) mit einem daran hermetisch abgedichteten Anschluß hineinragt.
  9. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 1, worin die Heizvorrichtung eine indirekte Heizschlange (23) umfaßt, die mit ihrer zentrischen Achse senkrecht in dem Behälter (10) angeordnet ist, und die strömungsleitenden Leitbleche einen an den Enden offenen senkrechten Zylinder (24) umfassen, der innerhalb der diametrischen Begrenzungen der Heizschlange (23) befestigt und angeordnet ist, sodaß im Gebrauch eine zylindrische Säule erhitzten Wassers nach oben außerhalb der strömungsleitenden Leitplatte und nach unten innerhalb der letzteren zirkulieren wird.
  10. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 9, worin das senkrechte, zylindrische, strömungsleitende Leitblech (24) sich in Stellungen oberhalb und unterhalb der oberen bzw. unteren Enden der Heizschlange (23) erstreckt.
  11. Ein Heißwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 1, worin die Heizvorrichtung eine indirekte Heizschlange umfaßt, die mit ihrer zentrischen Achse senkrecht im Behälter angeordnet ist, und das strömungsleitende Leitblech einen an den Enden offenen, senkrechten Zylinder umfaßt, der positioniert ist, daß er die Heizschlange umgibt, sodaß beim Betrieb eine Säule erhitzten Wassers nach oben innerhalb des Zylinders und nach unten außerhalb desselben umlaufen wird.
EP93908040A 1992-04-11 1993-04-13 Warmwasseranlage Expired - Lifetime EP0633995B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929208184A GB9208184D0 (en) 1992-04-11 1992-04-11 A water heating tank
GB9208184 1992-04-11
PCT/GB1993/000773 WO1993021482A1 (en) 1992-04-11 1993-04-13 A water heating tank

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0633995A1 EP0633995A1 (de) 1995-01-18
EP0633995B1 true EP0633995B1 (de) 1999-03-03

Family

ID=10714003

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93908040A Expired - Lifetime EP0633995B1 (de) 1992-04-11 1993-04-13 Warmwasseranlage

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0633995B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE177190T1 (de)
AU (1) AU3902493A (de)
DE (1) DE69323736D1 (de)
GB (1) GB9208184D0 (de)
WO (1) WO1993021482A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009079791A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 Boulay Andre Multi-chamber water heater
WO2021010155A1 (ja) 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 ダイキン工業株式会社 貯留タンクユニット

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108317718A (zh) * 2018-01-26 2018-07-24 杨合军 一种让电热水器在加热的状态下自动循环的装置
WO2021010168A1 (ja) 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 ダイキン工業株式会社 貯留タンクユニット

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7006946U (de) * 1970-02-26 1970-07-30 Kueppersbusch Elektrisch beheizter heisswasserkessel.
DE3323058A1 (de) * 1982-09-25 1984-03-29 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg, 3450 Holzminden Elektrischer durchlauferhitzer
AT389385B (de) * 1987-12-11 1989-11-27 Vaillant Gmbh Warmwasserspeicher

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009079791A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 Boulay Andre Multi-chamber water heater
WO2021010155A1 (ja) 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 ダイキン工業株式会社 貯留タンクユニット

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69323736D1 (de) 1999-04-08
WO1993021482A1 (en) 1993-10-28
ATE177190T1 (de) 1999-03-15
GB9208184D0 (en) 1992-05-27
AU3902493A (en) 1993-11-18
EP0633995A1 (de) 1995-01-18

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