EP0631829A1 - Separating agent for the hot forming of incased metal parts and method of producing the separating agent - Google Patents

Separating agent for the hot forming of incased metal parts and method of producing the separating agent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0631829A1
EP0631829A1 EP93810378A EP93810378A EP0631829A1 EP 0631829 A1 EP0631829 A1 EP 0631829A1 EP 93810378 A EP93810378 A EP 93810378A EP 93810378 A EP93810378 A EP 93810378A EP 0631829 A1 EP0631829 A1 EP 0631829A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
release agent
slurry
agent according
sintering
layer
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93810378A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0631829B1 (en
Inventor
Emad Dr. Batawi
John Antony Dr. Peters
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Sulzer Markets and Technology AG
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Sulzer Innotec AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer Innotec AG filed Critical Sulzer Innotec AG
Priority to AT93810378T priority Critical patent/ATE156394T1/en
Priority to EP93810378A priority patent/EP0631829B1/en
Priority to DE59307079T priority patent/DE59307079D1/en
Priority to US08/247,808 priority patent/US5658623A/en
Priority to JP6111392A priority patent/JPH07132510A/en
Publication of EP0631829A1 publication Critical patent/EP0631829A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0631829B1 publication Critical patent/EP0631829B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/30—Foil or other thin sheet-metal making or treating
    • Y10T29/301—Method
    • Y10T29/303—Method with assembling or disassembling of a pack
    • Y10T29/304—Using transitory solid cover material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/30—Foil or other thin sheet-metal making or treating
    • Y10T29/301—Method
    • Y10T29/303—Method with assembling or disassembling of a pack
    • Y10T29/305—Method with assembling or disassembling of a pack including bond prevention treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/30—Foil or other thin sheet-metal making or treating
    • Y10T29/301—Method
    • Y10T29/303—Method with assembling or disassembling of a pack
    • Y10T29/306—Disassembling of a pack
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49998—Work holding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a release agent for the hot forming of encapsulated metal parts and a method for producing the release agent.
  • the metal parts to be reshaped consist in particular of reactive metals which are susceptible to corrosion at elevated temperatures and which are intended to be shaped into foils.
  • the hot forming is preferably carried out by means of a conventional hot rolling device.
  • the reactive metal forms a sandwich-like package together with a capsule and a release agent.
  • the capsule which is welded together from at least two parts (cover disks), seals the reactive metal gas-tight against the environment.
  • the release agent which is inert towards the reactive metal, ensures that there is no metallurgical connection between the reactive metal and the capsule during hot forming.
  • the release agent deforms plastically under the pressure generated or it flows like a highly viscous liquid; there is always a uniform, coherent separation layer between the metals.
  • the release agents are brittle at ambient temperature, so that the formed metals can be separated easily.
  • Such a method for film production is known from EP-A-0374094: a sheet-shaped metal piece is encased by a capsule, which is composed of two cover disks and a frame-like intermediate piece.
  • the reactive metal from which this piece of metal is made is, for example, a titanium aluminide (Ti 3 Al-based alloy), which can be formed at around 1000 ° C.
  • Metal halides are proposed as the material for the release agent; these are inert to titanium-based alloys.
  • the release agent is filled into the recesses of the capsule cover disks, layers of 0.4 to 2 mm thickness being produced.
  • the release agent material which is in the form of a powder, is preferably applied by a thermal spraying process (for example atmospheric plasma spraying); there are advantageously no air pockets.
  • a thermal spraying process for example atmospheric plasma spraying
  • Other application methods in which the material is spread or sprayed on in the form of an aqueous solution or as a slurry, produce porous, air-containing layers.
  • the release agent can also be assigned other functions that are important for the forming process: the release agent acts as thermal insulation, which advantageously limits heat flow from the metal piece to be formed to the rolling device. (See also US Pat. No. 4,966,816, which describes a heat-insulating, fleece-like intermediate layer which is provided in addition to the release agent.)
  • the release agent can also have the advantageous effect that the deforming shear forces gently attack the metal piece at high hydrostatic pressure; it reduces the risk of cracking. These effects are particularly pronounced with thick layers of release agent. In the known forming process, due to the special capsule design, it is complex to produce a thick release agent layer.
  • This object is achieved by a release agent with the features mentioned in claim 1.
  • the release agent is produced in the form of separate components, for example in the form of plates.
  • the capsule's cover disks therefore no longer have to have a recess for receiving release agents; they can simply consist of pieces of sheet metal of constant thickness. Accordingly, it is only necessary to provide a wider capsule frame in order to be able to meet the larger space requirement for the release agent.
  • the release agent according to the invention can be produced, for example, by means of a slip casting process. With this method it is obviously easier to manufacture thick layers of release agent than thin ones.
  • the hot forming of an encapsulated piece of metal can also be carried out by extrusion through drawing dies, similar to the production of wires.
  • a tubular component must be provided for the release agent according to the invention.
  • Calcium fluoride (CaF 2 , melting point 1418 ° C.) has proven to be particularly advantageous among the materials already known for the release agent. Its thermal conductivity is relatively low (9.2 W / m. K at 38 ° C and around 3 W / m. K at 1000 ° C). It also has a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion (20-10-6 K- 1 ), which is higher than that of the capsule material and the metal piece. Thanks to the difference in thermal expansion, an increased pressure is desirably formed in the release agent during the heating that is required for the forming process.
  • the starting material for the release agent is, for example, powdered CaF 2 , which contains water of crystallization and around 6000 ppm by weight of oxygen.
  • This powder is slurried with distilled water and the slurry formed is poured into a mold from which the Casting is removable after drying.
  • the dried casting is sintered. While the dried casting has an oxygen content that is around 50% higher than that of the CaF 2 powder, surprisingly the sintered CaF 2 has a greatly reduced oxygen content of around 500 ppm.
  • the oxygen content passes through a minimum at higher sintering temperatures (above 800 ° C), namely after around an hour.
  • the duration of the sintering process step is advantageously selected such that the oxygen content of the release agent is minimal or approximately minimal.
  • the oxygen content is as low as possible. Because the oxygen can react with the release of fluorine with the calcium. With the formed titanium aluminide, it has been shown that the fluorine leads to corrosion, which means an impairment of the surface quality. In addition, it is advantageous to remove air bubbles, which are enclosed in the slurry (slip), in an evacuable vessel by air extraction.
  • a binder can be added to the slurry; this binder should be pyrolyzable without residue during sintering or be inert with respect to the piece of metal to be formed.
  • the shaping can also be carried out by means of an extrusion or extrusion process.
  • This requires an extrudable powder slurry that can be obtained, for example, from a slurry intended for the slip casting process by dewatering.
  • the capsule 10 is composed of two cover disks 10a and 10b and a frame-like intermediate piece 10c; these parts are connected to one another via gas-tight weld seams 11 a and 11 b.
  • the release agent 3a or 3b can be produced by means of a slip casting or an extrusion process and subsequent drying and sintering.
  • the package 1 and the metal piece 2 are cylindrical.
  • the release agent 3 according to the invention is tubular.
  • the capsule 10 consists of a jacket 100 and two end plates 101 and 102.
  • the jacket 100 can be formed from a rectangular sheet metal plate into a cylinder and welded along the seam 110.
  • the end plates 101 and 102 are welded to the jacket 100 via the seams 111 and 112.
  • Hot forming is carried out, for example, by extrusion through drawing dies.
  • the two methods already mentioned are again suitable for the production of the release agent 3.
  • another cross-sectional profile can also be selected for the metal piece 2 to be formed. Appropriate shaping must then be provided for the release agent 3 and the capsule 10.
  • the metal piece 2 can also be tubular, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the interior of the metal piece 2 is filled with a core 4.
  • This core 4 can be made of the same material and in the same way as the release agent 3.
  • the core 4 can also be produced from two parts, namely from a "core in the core” consisting of capsule material and a separating agent layer surrounding this core.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

Hot forming of encapsulated metal parts (2) employs, according to the invention, a parting agent (release agent) in the form of a monolithic component (3a, 3b). This component consists of powder particles consolidated by sintering. The parting agent material is brittle at ambient temperature and is plastically deformable or able to flow with high viscosity at the forming temperature of the metal parts. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Trennmittel für die Warmumformung von gekapselten Metallteilen sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen des Trennmittels.The invention relates to a release agent for the hot forming of encapsulated metal parts and a method for producing the release agent.

Die umzuformenden Metallteile bestehen insbesondere aus reaktiven Metallen, die bei erhöhter Temperatur korrosionsanfällig sind und die in Folienform gebracht werden sollen. Die Warmumformung erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels einer konventionellen Warmwalzeinrichtung. Das reaktive Metall bildet zusammen mit einer Kapsel und einem Trennmittel ein sandwichartiges Paket. Die Kapsel, die aus mindestens zwei Teilen (Deckscheiben) zusammengeschweisst wird, schliesst das reaktive Metall gasdicht gegen die Umgebung ab. Das Trennmittel, das sich gegenüber dem reaktiven Metall inert verhält, sorgt dafür, dass es zwischen reaktivem Metall und Kapsel während der Warmumformung nicht zu einer metallurgischen Verbindung kommt. Beim Warmwalzen verformt sich das Trennmittel plastisch unter dem erzeugten Druck oder es verfliesst wie eine hochviskose Flüssigkeit; dabei besteht zwischen den Metallen stets eine gleichmässige, zusammenhängende Trennschicht. Andererseits sind die Trennmittel bei Umgebungstemperatur spröde, sodass sich die umgeformten Metalle leicht voneinander trennen lassen.The metal parts to be reshaped consist in particular of reactive metals which are susceptible to corrosion at elevated temperatures and which are intended to be shaped into foils. The hot forming is preferably carried out by means of a conventional hot rolling device. The reactive metal forms a sandwich-like package together with a capsule and a release agent. The capsule, which is welded together from at least two parts (cover disks), seals the reactive metal gas-tight against the environment. The release agent, which is inert towards the reactive metal, ensures that there is no metallurgical connection between the reactive metal and the capsule during hot forming. During hot rolling, the release agent deforms plastically under the pressure generated or it flows like a highly viscous liquid; there is always a uniform, coherent separation layer between the metals. On the other hand, the release agents are brittle at ambient temperature, so that the formed metals can be separated easily.

Ein derartiges Verfahren zur Folienherstellung ist aus der EP-A-0374094 bekannt: Ein blechförmiges Metallstück wird von einer Kapsel umhüllt, die sich aus zwei Deckscheiben und einem rahmenartigen Zwischenstück zusammensetzt. Das reaktive Metall, aus dem dieses Metallstück besteht, ist beispielsweise ein Titan-Aluminid (Ti3Al-Basis-Legierung), das bei rund 1000°C umformbar ist. Als Material für das Trennmittel werden Metallhalogenide vorgeschlagen; diese sind gegenüber Titanbasislegierungen inert. Das Trennmittel wird in Vertiefungen der Kapsel-Deckscheiben gefüllt, wobei Schichten von 0,4 bis 2mm Dicke erzeugt werden. Vorzugsweise wird das Trennmittelmaterial, das als Pulver vorliegt, durch ein thermisches Spritzverfahren (z.B. atmosphärisches Plasmaspritzen) aufgetragen; dabei bleiben vorteilhafterweise Lufteinschlüsse aus. Bei anderen Auftragsverfahren, bei denen das Material in Form einer wässrigen Lösung oder als Aufschlämmung aufgestrichen oder aufgespritzt wird, entstehen poröse, Luft enthaltende Schichten.Such a method for film production is known from EP-A-0374094: a sheet-shaped metal piece is encased by a capsule, which is composed of two cover disks and a frame-like intermediate piece. The reactive metal from which this piece of metal is made is, for example, a titanium aluminide (Ti 3 Al-based alloy), which can be formed at around 1000 ° C. Metal halides are proposed as the material for the release agent; these are inert to titanium-based alloys. The release agent is filled into the recesses of the capsule cover disks, layers of 0.4 to 2 mm thickness being produced. The release agent material, which is in the form of a powder, is preferably applied by a thermal spraying process (for example atmospheric plasma spraying); there are advantageously no air pockets. Other application methods, in which the material is spread or sprayed on in the form of an aqueous solution or as a slurry, produce porous, air-containing layers.

Dem Trennmittel lassen sich auch weitere Funktionen zuordnen, die für das Umformverfahren von Bedeutung sind: Das Trennmittel wirkt als Wärmedämmung, was vorteilhafterweise einen Wärmeabfluss von dem umzuformenden Metallstück zu der Walzvorrichtung in Grenzen hält. (Vgl. dazu US-PS 4 966 816, wo eine wärmedämmende, vliesartige Zwischenschicht beschrieben ist, welche zusätzlich zum Trennmittel vorgesehen ist.) Das Trennmittel kann auch die vorteilhafte Wirkung haben, dass die umformenden Scherkräfte bei hohem hydrostatischen Druck schonend am Metallstück angreifen; es ist damit die Gefahr von Rissbildung vermindert. Diese Wirkungen entfalten sich besonders ausgeprägt bei dicken Trennmittelschichten. Bei dem bekannten Umformverfahren ist es aufgrund der besonderen Kapselgestaltung aufwendig, eine dicke Trennmittelschicht herzustellen. Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Form zu schaffen, in der das Trennmittel auszubilden ist, für welche die Warmumformung eines gekapselten Metallstücks kostengünstig und bei hoher Qualität des umgeformten Metallstücks ausführbar ist. Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Trennmittel mit den in Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen gelöst.The release agent can also be assigned other functions that are important for the forming process: the release agent acts as thermal insulation, which advantageously limits heat flow from the metal piece to be formed to the rolling device. (See also US Pat. No. 4,966,816, which describes a heat-insulating, fleece-like intermediate layer which is provided in addition to the release agent.) The release agent can also have the advantageous effect that the deforming shear forces gently attack the metal piece at high hydrostatic pressure; it reduces the risk of cracking. These effects are particularly pronounced with thick layers of release agent. In the known forming process, due to the special capsule design, it is complex to produce a thick release agent layer. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a form in which the release agent is to be formed, for which the hot forming of an encapsulated metal piece can be carried out inexpensively and with high quality of the shaped metal piece. This object is achieved by a release agent with the features mentioned in claim 1.

Das Trennmittel wird in Form separater Komponenten, beispielsweise in Form von Platten, hergestellt. Die Deckscheiben der Kapsel müssen daher nicht mehr Vertiefung für die Aufnahme von Trennmittel aufweisen; sie können einfach aus Blechstücken konstanter Dicke bestehen. Es ist entsprechend lediglich ein breiterer Kapselrahmen vorzusehen, um dem grösseren Raumbedarf für das Trennmittel genügen zu können. Das erfindungsgemässe Trennmittel kann beispielsweise mittels eines Schlickergiessverfahrens hergestellt werden. Bei diesem Verfahren ist es offensichtlich eher einfacher, dicke Trennmittelschichten als dünne zu fertigen.The release agent is produced in the form of separate components, for example in the form of plates. The capsule's cover disks therefore no longer have to have a recess for receiving release agents; they can simply consist of pieces of sheet metal of constant thickness. Accordingly, it is only necessary to provide a wider capsule frame in order to be able to meet the larger space requirement for the release agent. The release agent according to the invention can be produced, for example, by means of a slip casting process. With this method it is obviously easier to manufacture thick layers of release agent than thin ones.

Die Warmumformung eines gekapselten Metallstücks kann auch - ähnlich wie bei der Herstellung von Drähten - mittels Extrusion durch Ziehsteine ausgeführt werden. In diesem Fall hat man für das erfindungsgemässe Trennmittel eine rohrartige Komponente vorzusehen.The hot forming of an encapsulated piece of metal can also be carried out by extrusion through drawing dies, similar to the production of wires. In this case, a tubular component must be provided for the release agent according to the invention.

Unter den bereits bekannten Materialien für das Trennmittel hat sich Calciumfluorid (CaF2, Schmelzpunkt 1418°C) als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt. Seine Wärmeleitfähigkeit ist relativ gering (9.2 W/m. K bei 38 °C und rund 3 W/m. K bei 1000°C). Es hat auch einen relativ hohen Wärmeausdehnungs-Koeffizienten (20-10-6 K-1), der höher als jener des Kapselmaterials und des Metallstücks ist. Dank des Unterschieds bei der Wärmeausdehung bildet sich bei der Erwärmung, die für den Umformprozess benötigt wird, im Trennmittel erwünschtermassen ein erhöhter Druck aus.Calcium fluoride (CaF 2 , melting point 1418 ° C.) has proven to be particularly advantageous among the materials already known for the release agent. Its thermal conductivity is relatively low (9.2 W / m. K at 38 ° C and around 3 W / m. K at 1000 ° C). It also has a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion (20-10-6 K- 1 ), which is higher than that of the capsule material and the metal piece. Thanks to the difference in thermal expansion, an increased pressure is desirably formed in the release agent during the heating that is required for the forming process.

Die abhängigen Ansprüche 2 bis 8 betreffen vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemässen Trennmittels; die Ansprüche 9 bis 14 beziehen sich auf Verfahren zum Herstellen solcher Trennmittel.The dependent claims 2 to 8 relate to advantageous embodiments of the release agent according to the invention; claims 9 to 14 relate to processes for producing such release agents.

Als Ausgangsmaterial für das Trennmittel nimmt man beispielsweise pulverförmiges CaF2, das Kristallwasser und rund 6000 Gewichts-ppm Sauerstoff enthält. Mit destilliertem Wasser schlämmt man dieses Pulver auf und giesst den gebildeten Schlicker in eine Form, aus der das Gussstück nach dem Trocknen entfernbar ist. Das getrocknete Gussstück wird gesintert. Während das getrocknete Gussstück gegenüber dem CaF2-Pulver einen um rund 50% höheren Sauerstoffgehalt aufweist, ergibt sich überraschenderweise für das gesinterte CaF2 einen stark reduzierten Sauerstoffgehalt von rund 500 ppm. Wie umfangreiche Messungen ergeben haben, durchläuft der Sauerstoffgehalt in Abhängigkeit von der Sinterdauer bei höheren Sintertemperaturen (über 800 ° C) ein Minimum, nämlich nach rund einer Stunde. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Dauer des Sinter-Verfahrenschritts derart gewählt, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt des Trennmittels minimal oder angenähert minimal ist.The starting material for the release agent is, for example, powdered CaF 2 , which contains water of crystallization and around 6000 ppm by weight of oxygen. This powder is slurried with distilled water and the slurry formed is poured into a mold from which the Casting is removable after drying. The dried casting is sintered. While the dried casting has an oxygen content that is around 50% higher than that of the CaF 2 powder, surprisingly the sintered CaF 2 has a greatly reduced oxygen content of around 500 ppm. As extensive measurements have shown, depending on the sintering time, the oxygen content passes through a minimum at higher sintering temperatures (above 800 ° C), namely after around an hour. The duration of the sintering process step is advantageously selected such that the oxygen content of the release agent is minimal or approximately minimal.

Es ist wichtig, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt möglichst tief ist. Denn der Sauerstoff kann unter Freisetzung von Fluor mit dem Calcium reagieren. Es hat sich beim umgeformten Titan-Aluminid gezeigt, dass das Fluor zu Korrosionen führt, die eine Beeinträchtigung der Oberflächenqualität bedeutet. Im übrigen ist es vorteilhaft, Luftblasen, die in der Aufschlämmung (Schlicker) eingeschlossen sind, in einem evakuierbaren Gefäss durch Luftabsaugung zu entfernen.It is important that the oxygen content is as low as possible. Because the oxygen can react with the release of fluorine with the calcium. With the formed titanium aluminide, it has been shown that the fluorine leads to corrosion, which means an impairment of the surface quality. In addition, it is advantageous to remove air bubbles, which are enclosed in the slurry (slip), in an evacuable vessel by air extraction.

Um dem getrockneten Gussstück eine erhöhte Festigkeit zu geben, kann die Aufschlämmung mit einem Bindemittel versetzt werden; dabei soll dieses Bindemittel bei der Sinterung rückstandfrei pyrolysierbar oder bezüglich dem umzuformenden Metallstück inert sein.In order to give the dried casting increased strength, a binder can be added to the slurry; this binder should be pyrolyzable without residue during sintering or be inert with respect to the piece of metal to be formed.

Wie von der Herstellung von keramischen Strukturen her bekannt ist, kann die Formgebung auch mittels eines Extrusions- oder Strangpressverfahrens durchgeführt werden. Dazu ist ein extrudierbarer Pulverbrei nötig, der sich beispielsweise aus einer für das Schlickergiessverfahrenen vorgesehenen Aufschlämmung durch Entwässerung gewinnen lässt.As is known from the production of ceramic structures, the shaping can also be carried out by means of an extrusion or extrusion process. This requires an extrudable powder slurry that can be obtained, for example, from a slurry intended for the slip casting process by dewatering.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen hinsichtlich weiterer Details näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel für ein gekapseltes Metallstück mit erfindungsgemässem Trennmittel,
  • Fig. 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel und
  • Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht mit partiellem Längsschnitt für eine Variante des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings with regard to further details. Show it:
  • 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an encapsulated piece of metal with a release agent according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment and
  • Fig. 3 is a side view with partial longitudinal section for a variant of the second embodiment.

In Fig.1 ist ein sandwichartiges Paket 1 dargestellt, das aus einem reaktiven Metall in Form eines plattenförmigen Metallstücks 2, einer Kapsel 10 und einem erfindungsgemässen Trennmittel 3a, 3b besteht. Die Kapsel 10 setzt sich aus zwei Deckscheiben 10a und 10b sowie einem rahmenartigen Zwischenstück 10c zusammen; diese Teile sind über gasdichte Schweissnähte 11 a und 11 b miteinander verbunden. Bei der Warmumformung mittels Walzens werden die Umformkräfte auf die Deckscheiben 10a und 10b ausgeübt. Das Trennmittel 3a bzw. 3b kann mittels eines Schlickergiess- oder eines Strangpressverfahrens und anschliessendem Trocknen sowie Sintern hergestellt werden.1 shows a sandwich-like package 1, which consists of a reactive metal in the form of a plate-shaped metal piece 2, a capsule 10 and a release agent 3a, 3b according to the invention. The capsule 10 is composed of two cover disks 10a and 10b and a frame-like intermediate piece 10c; these parts are connected to one another via gas-tight weld seams 11 a and 11 b. During hot forming by means of rolling, the forming forces are exerted on the cover disks 10a and 10b. The release agent 3a or 3b can be produced by means of a slip casting or an extrusion process and subsequent drying and sintering.

Beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig.2 sind das Paket 1 und das Metallstück 2 zylindrisch. Das erfindungsgemässe Trennmittel 3 ist rohrförmig. Die Kapsel 10 besteht aus einem Mantel 100 und zwei Abschlussplatten 101 und 102. Der Mantel 100 kann aus einer rechteckigen Blechplatte zu einem Zylinder geformt und längs der Naht 110 verschweisst werden. Die Abschlussplatten 101 und 102 sind mit dem Mantel 100 über die Nähte 111 und 112 verschweisst. Die Warmumformung wird beispielsweise mittels Extrusion durch Ziehsteine vorgenommen. Für die Herstellung des Trennmittels 3 kommen wieder die zwei bereits genannten Verfahren in Frage. Statt eines kreisförmigen Querschnitts kann für das umzuformende Metallstück 2 auch ein anderes Querschnittsprofil gewählt werden. Es ist dann für das Trennmittel 3 und die Kapsel 10 eine entsprechende Formgebung vorzusehen.In the second embodiment in Figure 2, the package 1 and the metal piece 2 are cylindrical. The release agent 3 according to the invention is tubular. The capsule 10 consists of a jacket 100 and two end plates 101 and 102. The jacket 100 can be formed from a rectangular sheet metal plate into a cylinder and welded along the seam 110. The end plates 101 and 102 are welded to the jacket 100 via the seams 111 and 112. Hot forming is carried out, for example, by extrusion through drawing dies. The two methods already mentioned are again suitable for the production of the release agent 3. Instead of a circular cross-section, another cross-sectional profile can also be selected for the metal piece 2 to be formed. Appropriate shaping must then be provided for the release agent 3 and the capsule 10.

Das Metallstück 2 kann auch rohrförmig sein, wie es in Fig.3 gezeigt ist. Der Innenraum des Metallstücks 2 wird mit einem Kern 4 gefüllt. Dieser Kern 4 kann aus dem gleichen Material und auf die gleiche Art wie das Trennmittel 3 hergestellt werden. Man kann aber auch den Kern 4 aus zwei Teilen herstellen, nämlich aus einem "Kern im Kern" bestehend aus Kapselmaterial und einer diesen Kern umschliessende Trennmittelschicht.The metal piece 2 can also be tubular, as shown in Figure 3. The interior of the metal piece 2 is filled with a core 4. This core 4 can be made of the same material and in the same way as the release agent 3. However, the core 4 can also be produced from two parts, namely from a "core in the core" consisting of capsule material and a separating agent layer surrounding this core.

Claims (14)

1. Trennmittel für die Warmumformung von gekapselten Metallteilen (2), in Form einer monolithischen Komponente (3a,3b; 3), aus durch Sinterung verfestigten Pulverpartikeln eines Materials, das bei Umgebungstemperatur spröd ist und das bei der Umformtemperatur der Metallteile plastisch verformbar oder hochviskos fliessfähig ist.1. Release agent for the hot forming of encapsulated metal parts (2), in the form of a monolithic component (3a, 3b; 3), from powder particles solidified by sintering of a material which is brittle at ambient temperature and which is plastically deformable or highly viscous at the forming temperature of the metal parts is flowable. 2. Trennmittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die monolithische Komponente (3a,3b; 3) schicht- oder schalenförmig ist, wobei die Wanddicke grösser als rund 0.3 mm ist.2. Release agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the monolithic component (3a, 3b; 3) is layered or shell-shaped, the wall thickness being greater than around 0.3 mm. 3. Trennmittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist, die kleiner als rund 10 W/m. K ist.3. Release agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material has a thermal conductivity which is less than around 10 W / m. K is. 4. Trennmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material eine grössere Wärmeausdehnung als das Metallteil (2) und das Kapselmaterial (10) aufweist.4. Release agent according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material has a greater thermal expansion than the metal part (2) and the capsule material (10). 5. Trennmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material im wesentlichen aus Calciumfluorid besteht.5. Release agent according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the material consists essentially of calcium fluoride. 6. Trennmittel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Verunreinigung des Trennmittels mit Sauerstoff kleiner als rund 1000 Gewichts-ppm ist.6. release agent according to claim 5, characterized in that an contamination of the release agent with oxygen is less than about 1000 ppm by weight. 7. Trennmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die monolithische Komponente (3a, 3b) eine Platte ist.7. Release agent according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the monolithic component (3a, 3b) is a plate. 8. Trennmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die monolithische Komponente (3) rohrförmig ist.8. Release agent according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the monolithic component (3) is tubular. 9. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Trennmittels gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Aufschlämmung der Pulverpartikel in die Form einer angenähert gleichmässig dicken Schicht gebracht wird, dass diese Schicht auf einem Träger getrocknet wird, von welchem sie nach dem Trocknen entfernbar ist, und dass die getrocknete Schicht in in einem Sinterofen verfestigt wird.9. A method for producing a release agent according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a slurry of the powder particles is brought into the form of an approximately uniformly thick layer, that this layer is dried on a support from which it can be removed after drying and that the dried layer is solidified in a sintering furnace. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Herstellen der Schicht Luftblasen, die in der Aufschlämmung eingeschlossen sind, in einem evakuierbaren Gefäss entfernt werden.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that air bubbles enclosed in the slurry are removed in an evacuable vessel before producing the layer. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufschlämmung mit einem Bindemittel versetzt wird, welches bei der Sinterung rückstandfrei pyrolysierbar ist oder bezüglich dem umzuformenden Metallstück inert ist.11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the slurry is mixed with a binder which can be pyrolyzed without residue during sintering or is inert with respect to the metal piece to be formed. 12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aus der Aufschlämmung gebildete Schicht mittels eines Schlickergiess-Verfahrens gegossen wird.12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the layer formed from the slurry is cast by means of a slip casting process. 13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Formgebung mittels einer flüssigkeitsarmen Aufschlämmung und einem Extrusionsverfahren durchgeführt wird.13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the shaping is carried out by means of a low-liquid slurry and an extrusion process. 14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Calciumfluorid als Trennmittel-Material verwendet wird, dass die Aufschlämmung mit Wasser erzeugt wird und dass die Dauer des Sinter-Verfahrenschritts derart gewählt wird, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt des Produkts minimal oder angenähert minimal ist.14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that calcium fluoride is used as the release agent material, that the slurry is generated with water and that the duration of the sintering process step is selected such that the oxygen content of the product is minimal or approximate is minimal.
EP93810378A 1993-05-25 1993-05-25 Separating agent for the hot forming of incased metal parts and method of producing the separating agent Expired - Lifetime EP0631829B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT93810378T ATE156394T1 (en) 1993-05-25 1993-05-25 RELEASE AGENT FOR HOT FORMING OF ENCAPSULATED METAL PARTS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE RELEASE AGENT
EP93810378A EP0631829B1 (en) 1993-05-25 1993-05-25 Separating agent for the hot forming of incased metal parts and method of producing the separating agent
DE59307079T DE59307079D1 (en) 1993-05-25 1993-05-25 Release agent for the hot forming of encapsulated metal parts and method for producing the release agent
US08/247,808 US5658623A (en) 1993-05-25 1994-05-23 Parting compound for the hot forming of encased metal parts and a process for manufacturing the parting compound
JP6111392A JPH07132510A (en) 1993-05-25 1994-05-25 Compound for section in thermoforming metallic part in container and production of compound for section

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93810378A EP0631829B1 (en) 1993-05-25 1993-05-25 Separating agent for the hot forming of incased metal parts and method of producing the separating agent

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EP0631829A1 true EP0631829A1 (en) 1995-01-04
EP0631829B1 EP0631829B1 (en) 1997-08-06

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US (1) US5658623A (en)
EP (1) EP0631829B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07132510A (en)
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US11471650B2 (en) 2019-09-20 2022-10-18 Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. Mechanism for manipulating a puller wire

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GB693114A (en) * 1949-12-01 1953-06-24 Lukens Steel Co Parting composition and method of pack-rolling using the same
US2985945A (en) * 1954-02-12 1961-05-30 Crucible Steel Co America Pack rolling
DE1081404B (en) * 1956-03-28 1960-05-12 Comptoir Ind Etirage Process for the production of thin-walled metal pipes by hot extrusion
US3658565A (en) * 1969-01-29 1972-04-25 Lukens Steel Co Parting compound containing chromium oxide manganese dioxide and a liquid inorganic carrier
EP0374094A1 (en) * 1988-12-14 1990-06-20 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Process for deforming a metal piece
US4966816A (en) * 1989-06-07 1990-10-30 Titanium Metals Corporation Of America (Timet) Pack assembly for hot rolling

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EP0896839A2 (en) * 1997-08-14 1999-02-17 Nkk Corporation Method for manufacturing titanium alloy sheet
EP0896839A3 (en) * 1997-08-14 2002-01-16 Nkk Corporation Method for manufacturing titanium alloy sheet

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DE59307079D1 (en) 1997-09-11
US5658623A (en) 1997-08-19
EP0631829B1 (en) 1997-08-06
JPH07132510A (en) 1995-05-23
ATE156394T1 (en) 1997-08-15

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