EP0629683A1 - Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock - Google Patents
Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0629683A1 EP0629683A1 EP94201673A EP94201673A EP0629683A1 EP 0629683 A1 EP0629683 A1 EP 0629683A1 EP 94201673 A EP94201673 A EP 94201673A EP 94201673 A EP94201673 A EP 94201673A EP 0629683 A1 EP0629683 A1 EP 0629683A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- isoparaffins
- separated
- fraction
- normal paraffins
- mono
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material
- C10G25/03—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G61/00—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one process of refining in the absence of hydrogen
- C10G61/02—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one process of refining in the absence of hydrogen plural serial stages only
- C10G61/06—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one process of refining in the absence of hydrogen plural serial stages only the refining step being a sorption process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/08—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of reforming naphtha
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock substantially boiling in the gasoline range.
- One of the main objects in nowaday's oil refining is to produce gasolines fulfilling the increasing environmental demands on product quality and having a high octane number.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of gasolines fulfilling both the increasing environmental demands on product quality and the high octane requirement.
- gasolines can be produced having a high octane number and a considerably reduced aromatics content, in particular benzene, when use is made of an upgrading process comprising a specific sequence of process steps.
- the present invention relates to a process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock substantially boiling in the gasoline range, which process comprises:
- the two hydrocarbon feed streams which are derived from the feedstock in step a) can suitably be obtained by distillation.
- the two hydrocarbon feed streams are adjacent fractions obtained by distillation. Depending, of course, on the sharpness of the cutting points of the fractions chosen in the distillation some overlap may occur among the adjacent fractions.
- the separation treatment in step a) is carried out in such a way that the first hydrocarbon feed stream substantially comprises C5 and smaller hydrocarbons. If the first hydrocarbon feed stream substantially comprises C5 and smaller hydrocarbons said feed stream does not need to be subjected to an isomerisation process but can advantageously directly be introduced in the gasoline blending pool.
- at least part of the feedstock to be upgraded can be subjected to the hydrogenation in step e) before being subjected to the separation treatment in step a).
- the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock boiling in the gasoline range can suitably be obtained by distillation of crude or by catalytic cracking although it may be obtained by other cracking processes such as thermal cracking, delayed coking, visbreaking and flexicoking.
- Such gasoline feedstocks usually contain unacceptable levels of sulphur and nitrogen and benefit from a hydrotreatment before they are subjected to the process according to the present invention.
- the process according to the present invention is carried out in such a way that in step b) both the normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins (mono-branched paraffins) are separated from the di-isoparaffins (di-branched paraffins).
- This is suitably established by passing at least part of the second hydrocarbon feed stream to a separation zone comprising a shape-selective separatory molecular sieve having a pore size intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 to 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ , but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ , the pore size being sufficient to permit entry of normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins but restrictive to prohibit entry of di-isoparaffins, other multi-branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the first separation effluent stream comprising both normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins and the second separation effluent stream comprising di-isoparaffins can be recovered.
- first separation effluent is subjected to the reforming step.
- substantially the entire first separation effluent stream is subjected to the reforming stream, although also part thereof may be used as a preferred chemical feedstock.
- a feedstock for a highly selective (dehydro)cyclization process is particularly preferred.
- the normal paraffins are firstly separated from the mono-isoparaffins and di-isoparaffins, whereas the mono-isoparaffins are subsequently separated from the di-isoparaffins.
- use can be made of a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system having particular separatory qualities.
- the multiple separatory sieve system to be used comprises a first molecular sieve having a pore size of 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ or smaller and being shaped to permit adsorption of normal paraffins in a selective manner vis-a-vis mono-isoparaffins, di-isoparaffins, other multi-branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons and a second molecular sieve having a pore size intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 to 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ , but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ , being selected to permit adsorption of mono-isoparaffins (and any remaining normal paraffins) in deference to di-isoparaffins, other multi-branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons which can be passed directly to a refinery gasoline blending pool.
- At least part of the second hydrocarbon feed stream is firstly contacted with the first shape-selective separatory molecular sieve as defined hereinabove to produce a first separation effluent stream comprising the normal paraffins and a second separation effluent stream comprising both mono- and di-isoparaffins.
- the latter separation effluent stream is subsequently contacted with the second shape-selective separatory molecular sieve as described hereinabove.
- a third separation effluent stream comprising mono-isoparaffins can be recovered and a fourth separation effluent stream comprising di-isoparaffins can be recovered. At least part of the first and third separation effluents can be subjected to the reforming step.
- substantially the entire first and third separation effluent streams are subjected to the reforming step.
- at least part of the first and third separation effluent streams may suitably be used as a preferred chemical feedstock as mentioned hereinbefore.
- the multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system as described hereinabove comprises at least two molecular sieves. These can be arranged in separate vessels, or they can be arranged in a stacked flow scheme within one vessel.
- This first molecular sieve can be a calcium 5 ⁇ zeolite or any other sieve of similar pore dimensions. It is not necessary to size the first sieve to adsorb all of the normal paraffins, but it is preferred so that the second molecular sieve does not have to function as a normal paraffin adsorption sieve.
- the second molecular sieve in this process sequence is exemplified by a molecular sieve which has eight and ten member rings and pore dimensions intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 and 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ , but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ .
- the preferred second molecular sieve of this invention is exemplified by a ferrierite molecular sieve. It is preferred that the ferrierite sieve be present in a hydrogen form, but it alternatively can be exchanged with a cation of an alkali metal, or alkaline earth metal or transition metal cation.
- the second molecular sieves of this invention include ferrierite and other analogous shape-selective materials with pore openings intermediate in dimensions to those of the calcium 5 ⁇ zeolite and ZSM-5.
- Other examples of crystalline sieves include aluminophosphates, silicoaluminophosphates, and borosilicates.
- the aluminophosphate, silicoaluminophosphate and borosilicate molecular sieves which can be used as a second molecular sieve will have a pore opening intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 and 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ , but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ .
- the second molecular sieve comprises a large pore zeolite that has been ion exchanged with cations to diminish the effective pore size of the sieve to within the aforementioned range of dimensions.
- the respective sieves applied in a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system should be arranged in a process sequence to first provide adequate adsorption of the normal paraffin hydrocarbons, and then, adsorption of the mono-isoparaffins.
- Each of these respective sieves can be provided with a common desorbent stream or each sieve may have its own desorbent stream.
- the desorbent is preferably a gaseous material such as a hydrogen gas stream.
- At least part of the reformate obtained in step d) is subjected to a separation treatment from which a light fraction comprising C6 and smaller hydrocarbons and a heavy fraction comprising C6 and greater hydrocarbons are recovered.
- step e At least part of the light fraction and optionally at least part of the heavy fraction are subjected to the hydrogenation in step e).
- C5 and smaller hydrocarbons are separated from the light fraction before the latter is subjected to the hydrogenation in step e).
- any conventional hydrogenation catalyst can be applied.
- a catalyst comprising at least one component of a Group VIII and/or Group VIb metal on a silica-alumina-containing carrier.
- a platinum component on an amorphous silica-alumina carrier.
- the hydrogenation step can suitably be carried out under conventional hydrogenation conditions. Typically the hydrogenation is carried out at a temperature between 150 to 300 °C and a partial hydrogen pressure of between 10 to 30 bar.
- At least part of the light and heavy fraction is recovered.
- at least part of the light and heavy fraction is subjected to a separation treatment wherein normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins are separated from di-isoparaffins, and whereby a first hydrocarbon product stream comprising normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins and a second hydrocarbon product stream comprising di-isoparaffins is recovered.
- At least part of the first hydrocarbon product stream may be used as preferred chemical feedstock as mentioned hereinbefore.
- the separation treatment is carried out in such a way that both the normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins are separated from the di-isoparaffins.
- This is suitably established by passing at least part of the light and heavy fraction to a separation zone comprising a shape-selective separatory molecular sieve having a pore size intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 to 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ , the pore size being sufficient to permit entry of normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins but restrictive to prohibit entry of di-isoparaffins.
- a first hydrocarbon product stream comprising both normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins and a second hydrocarbon product stream comprising di-isoparaffins can be recovered.
- the separation treatment is carried out in such a way that the normal paraffins are firstly separated from the mono-isoparaffins and di-isoparaffins, whereas the mono-isoparaffins are subsequently separated from the di-isoparaffins.
- a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system as described hereinbefore.
- a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system is applied both upstream and downstream the reforming step.
- the separation treatments upstream and downstream of the reforming step wherein the normal paraffins and optionally the mono-isoparaffins are separated from di-isoparaffins are preferably carried out in the same separation zone.
- the light fraction comprising C6 and smaller hydrocarbons and the heavy fraction comprising C6 and greater hydrocarbons have been obtained from the reformate by means of distillation.
- the light and the heavy fraction are adjacent fractions obtained by distillation.
- some overlap may occur among the adjacent fractions.
- the reformate obtained in step d) is firstly subjected to a separation treatment wherein a gaseous fraction is separated from a liquid fraction, whereafter the liquid fraction is separated into the light fraction comprising C6 and smaller hydrocarbons and the heavy fraction comprising C6 and greater hydrocarbons.
- any conventional reforming catalyst can be applied.
- a catalyst is applied having a substantial (dehydro)cyclization selectivity.
- a catalyst is a platinum-containing catalyst with platinum present in for instance a range of 0.005 wt% to 10.0 wt%.
- the catalytic metals associated with the reforming function are preferably noble metals from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of elements, such as platinum and palladium.
- the reforming catalyst can be present per se or it may be mixed with a binder material.
- noble metal(s)-containing reforming catalysts normally requires a pretreatment in the form of a catalytic hydrotreatment of the feedstock to be upgraded. In this way nitrogen-compounds and sulphur-compounds can be removed from the feedstock which compounds would otherwise reduce the performance of the reforming catalyst considerably.
- the reforming step can suitably be carried out under conventional reforming conditions. Typically the process is carried out at a temperature from 450 to 550 0C and a pressure of 3 to 20 bar.
- the reaction section in which the reforming step is to be performed can suitably be separated into several stages or reactors.
- a process according to the present invention is carried out in accordance with the flow diagram as schematically shown in Figure 1.
- a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock substantially boiling in the gasoline range and having the properties as set out in Table 1 is introduced via a line 1 and a line 1a into a distillation column 2 in which the feedstock is separated into two hydrocarbon feed streams.
- a first hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C5 and smaller hydrocarbons is withdrawn via a line 3 and introduced into a gasoline blending pool 4.
- a second hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C5 and greater hydrocarbons is withdrawn via a line 5, and passed to a separation zone 6 which contains two molecular sieves 7 and 8.
- Molecular sieve #1 (7) is a commercial zeolite having a pore size from 4.5 to 4.5 ⁇ or smaller.
- molecular sieve #2 has a pore size of 5.5 x 5.5 to 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ , but excludes 4.5 x 4.5 ⁇ .
- the first molecular sieve 7 selectively adsorbs normal paraffins in preference to mono-isoparaffins, di-isoparaffins, other multi-branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- a fraction comprising normal paraffins is withdrawn via a line 9 and introduced into a reforming reactor 10.
- the separation effluent stream substantially freed from normal paraffins is withdrawn via a line 11 and contacted with molecular sieve #2(8).
- the reformate obtained is subsequently withdrawn via a line 14 and introduced into a distillation column 15.
- the distillation column 15 the reformate is separated into a gaseous fraction and a liquid fraction.
- the gaseous fraction is withdrawn via a line 16
- the liquid fraction is withdrawn via a line 17.
- the liquid fraction is subsequently passed to a distillation column 18.
- the distillation column 18 the liquid fraction is separated into a first fraction comprising C5 and smaller hydrocarbons, a second fraction comprising C6 and C7 hydrocarbons and a third fraction comprising C7 and greater hydrocarbons.
- the first fraction is withdrawn from the distillation column 18 via a line 19 and introduced into the gasoline blending pool 4.
- the second fraction is passed to a hydrogenation unit 20 via line 21.
- a hydrogen stream is introduced into the hydrogenation unit 20 via a line 22.
- the hydrogenated product obtained from the hydrogenation unit 20 is then co-processed with the feedstock to be upgraded via lines 23 and 1a.
- the third fraction is withdrawn from the distillation column 18 via a line 24 and introduced into the gasoline blending pool 4.
- 100 pbw of the feedstock in line 1 yields the various product fractions in the following quantities: 11.7 pbw first hydrocarbon feed stream (line 3) 107.3 pbw second hydrocarbon feed stream (line 5) 21.6 pbw normal paraffins fraction (line 9) 85.7 pbw a first part separation effluent stream (line 11) 23.3 pbm a mono-isoparaffins fraction (line 12) 62.4 pbw di-isoparaffins fraction (line 13) 44.9 pbw reformate fraction (line 14) 5.8 pbw gaseous fraction (line 16) 39.1 pbw liquid fraction (line 17) 1.4 pbw first fraction (line 19) 18.1 pbw second fraction (line 21) 0.9 pbw hydrogen stream (line 22) 19.0 pbw hydrogenated product stream (line 23) 19.6 pbw third fraction (line 24) In the blending gasoline pool 4, 5.3 pbw of butane 17.5 pbw of
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
- a) subjecting the feedstock to a separation treatment and recovering therefrom a first hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C₆ and smaller hydrocarbons and a second hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C₆ and greater hydrocarbons;
- b) subjecting at least part of the second hydrocarbon feed stream to a separation treatment wherein normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins are separated from di-isoparaffins;
- c) recovering therefrom a first separation effluent stream comprising normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins and a second separation effluent stream comprising di-isoparaffins;
- d) subjecting at least part of the first separation effluent stream to a reforming step to produce a reformate; and
- e) subjecting at least part of the reformate obtained to a hydrogenation step.
Description
- The present invention relates to a process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock substantially boiling in the gasoline range.
- One of the main objects in nowaday's oil refining is to produce gasolines fulfilling the increasing environmental demands on product quality and having a high octane number.
- This means for gasoline that the octane specification has now to be established without lead-containing additives, less aromatics, in particular benzene, less olefins and lower gasoline vapour pressure.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of gasolines fulfilling both the increasing environmental demands on product quality and the high octane requirement.
- It has now been found that gasolines can be produced having a high octane number and a considerably reduced aromatics content, in particular benzene, when use is made of an upgrading process comprising a specific sequence of process steps.
- Accordingly, the present invention relates to a process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock substantially boiling in the gasoline range, which process comprises:
- a) subjecting the feedstock to a separation treatment and recovering therefrom a first hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C₆ and smaller hydrocarbons and a second hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C₆ and greater hydrocarbons;
- b) subjecting at least part of the second hydrocarbon feed stream to a separation treatment wherein normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins are separated from di-isoparaffins;
- c) recovering therefrom a first separation effluent stream comprising normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins and a second separation effluent stream comprising di-isoparaffins;
- d) subjecting at least part of the first separation effluent stream to a reforming step to produce a reformate; and
- e) subjecting at least part of the reformate obtained to a hydrogenation step.
- In this way a direct octane enhancement of the resultant gasoline blending pool is established whilst a substantial reduction of aromatics content, in particular benzene, is realized. In refineries with restriction on production of gasoline due to octane and/or capacity limitations, this octane enhancement can permit increased gasoline production.
- The two hydrocarbon feed streams which are derived from the feedstock in step a) can suitably be obtained by distillation. Suitably, the two hydrocarbon feed streams are adjacent fractions obtained by distillation. Depending, of course, on the sharpness of the cutting points of the fractions chosen in the distillation some overlap may occur among the adjacent fractions.
- Preferably, the separation treatment in step a) is carried out in such a way that the first hydrocarbon feed stream substantially comprises C₅ and smaller hydrocarbons. If the first hydrocarbon feed stream substantially comprises C₅ and smaller hydrocarbons said feed stream does not need to be subjected to an isomerisation process but can advantageously directly be introduced in the gasoline blending pool. Suitably, at least part of the feedstock to be upgraded can be subjected to the hydrogenation in step e) before being subjected to the separation treatment in step a).
- The hydrocarbonaceous feedstock boiling in the gasoline range can suitably be obtained by distillation of crude or by catalytic cracking although it may be obtained by other cracking processes such as thermal cracking, delayed coking, visbreaking and flexicoking. Such gasoline feedstocks usually contain unacceptable levels of sulphur and nitrogen and benefit from a hydrotreatment before they are subjected to the process according to the present invention.
- Suitably, the process according to the present invention is carried out in such a way that in step b) both the normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins (mono-branched paraffins) are separated from the di-isoparaffins (di-branched paraffins).
- This is suitably established by passing at least part of the second hydrocarbon feed stream to a separation zone comprising a shape-selective separatory molecular sieve having a pore size intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 to 4.5 x 4.5 Å, but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 Å, the pore size being sufficient to permit entry of normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins but restrictive to prohibit entry of di-isoparaffins, other multi-branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- In this way the normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins can selectively be separated from the di-isoparaffins.
- Subsequently, the first separation effluent stream comprising both normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins and the second separation effluent stream comprising di-isoparaffins can be recovered.
- Subsequently, at least part of said first separation effluent is subjected to the reforming step. Preferably, substantially the entire first separation effluent stream is subjected to the reforming stream, although also part thereof may be used as a preferred chemical feedstock. For instance, as a feedstock for a highly selective (dehydro)cyclization process.
- Preferably, the normal paraffins are firstly separated from the mono-isoparaffins and di-isoparaffins, whereas the mono-isoparaffins are subsequently separated from the di-isoparaffins. To this end use can be made of a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system having particular separatory qualities.
- Preferably, the multiple separatory sieve system to be used comprises a first molecular sieve having a pore size of 4.5 x 4.5 Å or smaller and being shaped to permit adsorption of normal paraffins in a selective manner vis-a-vis mono-isoparaffins, di-isoparaffins, other multi-branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons and a second molecular sieve having a pore size intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 to 4.5 x 4.5 Å, but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 Å, being selected to permit adsorption of mono-isoparaffins (and any remaining normal paraffins) in deference to di-isoparaffins, other multi-branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons which can be passed directly to a refinery gasoline blending pool.
- In operation, at least part of the second hydrocarbon feed stream is firstly contacted with the first shape-selective separatory molecular sieve as defined hereinabove to produce a first separation effluent stream comprising the normal paraffins and a second separation effluent stream comprising both mono- and di-isoparaffins. The latter separation effluent stream is subsequently contacted with the second shape-selective separatory molecular sieve as described hereinabove.
- Subsequently, a third separation effluent stream comprising mono-isoparaffins can be recovered and a fourth separation effluent stream comprising di-isoparaffins can be recovered. At least part of the first and third separation effluents can be subjected to the reforming step.
- Preferably, substantially the entire first and third separation effluent streams are subjected to the reforming step. In another embodiment of the present invention at least part of the first and third separation effluent streams may suitably be used as a preferred chemical feedstock as mentioned hereinbefore.
- The multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system as described hereinabove comprises at least two molecular sieves. These can be arranged in separate vessels, or they can be arranged in a stacked flow scheme within one vessel.
- This first molecular sieve can be a
calcium 5 Å zeolite or any other sieve of similar pore dimensions. It is not necessary to size the first sieve to adsorb all of the normal paraffins, but it is preferred so that the second molecular sieve does not have to function as a normal paraffin adsorption sieve. - The second molecular sieve in this process sequence is exemplified by a molecular sieve which has eight and ten member rings and pore dimensions intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 and 4.5 x 4.5 Å, but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 Å.
- The preferred second molecular sieve of this invention is exemplified by a ferrierite molecular sieve. It is preferred that the ferrierite sieve be present in a hydrogen form, but it alternatively can be exchanged with a cation of an alkali metal, or alkaline earth metal or transition metal cation.
- The second molecular sieves of this invention include ferrierite and other analogous shape-selective materials with pore openings intermediate in dimensions to those of the
calcium 5 Å zeolite and ZSM-5. Other examples of crystalline sieves include aluminophosphates, silicoaluminophosphates, and borosilicates. - The aluminophosphate, silicoaluminophosphate and borosilicate molecular sieves which can be used as a second molecular sieve will have a pore opening intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 and 4.5 x 4.5 Å, but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 Å.
- It is feasible that the second molecular sieve comprises a large pore zeolite that has been ion exchanged with cations to diminish the effective pore size of the sieve to within the aforementioned range of dimensions.
- When applying multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve systems, the sequence of the sieves, whether in discrete vessels or in a stacked variety, is very important. If the sieves are interchanged the process loses effectiveness because the larger sieve will rapidly fill with normal paraffins, prohibiting the efficient adsorption of mono-isoparaffins.
- The respective sieves applied in a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system should be arranged in a process sequence to first provide adequate adsorption of the normal paraffin hydrocarbons, and then, adsorption of the mono-isoparaffins. Each of these respective sieves can be provided with a common desorbent stream or each sieve may have its own desorbent stream. The desorbent is preferably a gaseous material such as a hydrogen gas stream.
- Suitably, at least part of the reformate obtained in step d) is subjected to a separation treatment from which a light fraction comprising C₆ and smaller hydrocarbons and a heavy fraction comprising C₆ and greater hydrocarbons are recovered.
- Subsequently, at least part of the light fraction and optionally at least part of the heavy fraction are subjected to the hydrogenation in step e). Suitably, C₅ and smaller hydrocarbons are separated from the light fraction before the latter is subjected to the hydrogenation in step e).
- In the hydrogenation step any conventional hydrogenation catalyst can be applied. Exemplary of such a catalyst is a catalyst comprising at least one component of a Group VIII and/or Group VIb metal on a silica-alumina-containing carrier. Preferably, use is of a platinum component on an amorphous silica-alumina carrier. The hydrogenation step can suitably be carried out under conventional hydrogenation conditions. Typically the hydrogenation is carried out at a temperature between 150 to 300 °C and a partial hydrogen pressure of between 10 to 30 bar.
- Suitably, at least part of the light and heavy fraction is recovered. In another attractive embodiment of the process according to the present invention at least part of the light and heavy fraction is subjected to a separation treatment wherein normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins are separated from di-isoparaffins, and whereby a first hydrocarbon product stream comprising normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins and a second hydrocarbon product stream comprising di-isoparaffins is recovered. At least part of the first hydrocarbon product stream may be used as preferred chemical feedstock as mentioned hereinbefore.
- Suitably, the separation treatment is carried out in such a way that both the normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins are separated from the di-isoparaffins. This is suitably established by passing at least part of the light and heavy fraction to a separation zone comprising a shape-selective separatory molecular sieve having a pore size intermediate 5.5 x 5.5 to 4.5 x 4.5 Å but excluding 4.5 x 4.5 Å, the pore size being sufficient to permit entry of normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins but restrictive to prohibit entry of di-isoparaffins.
- In this way the normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins can selectively be separated from the di-isoparaffins, other multi-branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Subsequently, a first hydrocarbon product stream comprising both normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins and a second hydrocarbon product stream comprising di-isoparaffins can be recovered.
- Suitably, the separation treatment is carried out in such a way that the normal paraffins are firstly separated from the mono-isoparaffins and di-isoparaffins, whereas the mono-isoparaffins are subsequently separated from the di-isoparaffins. To this end use can be made of a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system as described hereinbefore.
- When use is made of such a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system upstream the reforming step, at least part of the light and heavy fraction is passed to the first molecular sieve.
- When use is made of a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system both upstream and downstream of the reforming step, firstly initially present normal and mono-isoparaffins are separated from di-isoparaffins, whereas subsequently normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins which have been produced in the reforming step, are separated from di-sioparaffins.
- The application of a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system both upstream and downstream of the reforming step is very attractive since it offers product flexibility together with product quality.
- Hence, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention a multiple select adsorbent molecular sieve system is applied both upstream and downstream the reforming step.
- The separation treatments upstream and downstream of the reforming step wherein the normal paraffins and optionally the mono-isoparaffins are separated from di-isoparaffins are preferably carried out in the same separation zone.
- Suitably, the light fraction comprising C₆ and smaller hydrocarbons and the heavy fraction comprising C₆ and greater hydrocarbons have been obtained from the reformate by means of distillation.
- Suitably, the light and the heavy fraction are adjacent fractions obtained by distillation. Depending, of course, on the sharpness of the cutting points of the fractions chosen in the distillation some overlap may occur among the adjacent fractions.
- In another embodiment of the present invention the reformate obtained in step d) is firstly subjected to a separation treatment wherein a gaseous fraction is separated from a liquid fraction, whereafter the liquid fraction is separated into the light fraction comprising C₆ and smaller hydrocarbons and the heavy fraction comprising C₆ and greater hydrocarbons.
- In the reforming step any conventional reforming catalyst can be applied. Preferably, in the reforming step a catalyst is applied having a substantial (dehydro)cyclization selectivity. Exemplary of such a catalyst is a platinum-containing catalyst with platinum present in for instance a range of 0.005 wt% to 10.0 wt%. The catalytic metals associated with the reforming function are preferably noble metals from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of elements, such as platinum and palladium. The reforming catalyst can be present per se or it may be mixed with a binder material.
- It is well appreciated that the application of noble metal(s)-containing reforming catalysts normally requires a pretreatment in the form of a catalytic hydrotreatment of the feedstock to be upgraded. In this way nitrogen-compounds and sulphur-compounds can be removed from the feedstock which compounds would otherwise reduce the performance of the reforming catalyst considerably.
- The reforming step can suitably be carried out under conventional reforming conditions. Typically the process is carried out at a temperature from 450 to 550 ⁰C and a pressure of 3 to 20 bar. The reaction section in which the reforming step is to be performed can suitably be separated into several stages or reactors.
- The present invention will now be illustrated by means of the Example.
- A process according to the present invention is carried out in accordance with the flow diagram as schematically shown in Figure 1.
- A hydrocarbonaceous feedstock substantially boiling in the gasoline range and having the properties as set out in Table 1 is introduced via a line 1 and a
line 1a into adistillation column 2 in which the feedstock is separated into two hydrocarbon feed streams. A first hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C₅ and smaller hydrocarbons is withdrawn via aline 3 and introduced into a gasoline blending pool 4. A second hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C₅ and greater hydrocarbons is withdrawn via aline 5, and passed to a separation zone 6 which contains twomolecular sieves 7 and 8. Molecular sieve #1 (7) is a commercial zeolite having a pore size from 4.5 to 4.5 Å or smaller.Molecular sieve 8, referred to asmolecular sieve # 2, has a pore size of 5.5 x 5.5 to 4.5 x 4.5 Å, but excludes 4.5 x 4.5 Å. The first molecular sieve 7 selectively adsorbs normal paraffins in preference to mono-isoparaffins, di-isoparaffins, other multi-branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons. A fraction comprising normal paraffins is withdrawn via aline 9 and introduced into a reformingreactor 10. The separation effluent stream substantially freed from normal paraffins is withdrawn via aline 11 and contacted with molecular sieve #2(8). In this molecular sieve, mono-isoparaffins are adsorbed while di-isoparaffins and other multi-branched paraffins, and cyclic paraffins are passed through the sieve without adsorption. A fraction comprising mono-isoparaffins is withdrawn via aline 12 and introduced in the reformingreactor 10. The remaining separation effluent (di-isoparaffins fraction) which is now substantially freed from normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins is withdrawn via aline 13 and introduced in the gasoline blending pool 4. In the reforming step use is made of a commercially available highly selective (dehydro)cyclization catalyst under typical semi-regenerative reforming conditions. The reformate obtained is subsequently withdrawn via aline 14 and introduced into adistillation column 15. In thedistillation column 15 the reformate is separated into a gaseous fraction and a liquid fraction. The gaseous fraction is withdrawn via aline 16, the liquid fraction is withdrawn via aline 17. The liquid fraction is subsequently passed to adistillation column 18. In thedistillation column 18 the liquid fraction is separated into a first fraction comprising C₅ and smaller hydrocarbons, a second fraction comprising C₆ and C₇ hydrocarbons and a third fraction comprising C₇ and greater hydrocarbons. The first fraction is withdrawn from thedistillation column 18 via aline 19 and introduced into the gasoline blending pool 4. The second fraction is passed to ahydrogenation unit 20 vialine 21. A hydrogen stream is introduced into thehydrogenation unit 20 via aline 22. The hydrogenated product obtained from thehydrogenation unit 20 is then co-processed with the feedstock to be upgraded vialines distillation column 18 via aline 24 and introduced into the gasoline blending pool 4. - 100 pbw of the feedstock in line 1 yields the various product fractions in the following quantities:
11.7 pbw first hydrocarbon feed stream (line 3)
107.3 pbw second hydrocarbon feed stream (line 5)
21.6 pbw normal paraffins fraction (line 9)
85.7 pbw a first part separation effluent stream (line 11)
23.3 pbm a mono-isoparaffins fraction (line 12)
62.4 pbw di-isoparaffins fraction (line 13)
44.9 pbw reformate fraction (line 14)
5.8 pbw gaseous fraction (line 16)
39.1 pbw liquid fraction (line 17)
1.4 pbw first fraction (line 19)
18.1 pbw second fraction (line 21)
0.9 pbw hydrogen stream (line 22)
19.0 pbw hydrogenated product stream (line 23)
19.6 pbw third fraction (line 24)
In the blending gasoline pool 4, 5.3 pbw of butane 17.5 pbw of MTBE are added to the gasoline obtained via aline 25. In this way 117.9 pbw of an overall gasoline is obtained having the maximum allowable RVP specification. The overall gasoline obtained in the blending pool 4 has the properties as set out in Table 2. - From Table 2 it is clear that a very attractive gasoline, in terms of octane number and content of aromatics, in particular benzene, can be obtained by applying the present invention. In conventional upgrading processes gasolines are obtained having a considerable higher content of aromatics, in particular benzene.
Table 2 Gasoline properties: RON 95.0 total aromatics (%vol) 23.2 benzene (%vol) 1.1 naphthenes (%vol) 37.5 RVP (kPa) 60
Claims (7)
- Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock substantially boiling in the gasoline range, which process comprises:a) subjecting the feedstock to a separation treatment and recovering therefrom a first hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C₆ and smaller hydrocarbons and a second hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C₆ and greater hydrocarbons;b) subjecting at least part of the second hydrocarbon feed stream to a separation treatment wherein normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins are separated from di-isoparaffins;c) recovering therefrom a first separation effluent stream comprising normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins and a second separation effluent stream comprising di-isoparaffins;d) subjecting at least part of the first separation effluent stream to a reforming step to produce a reformate; ande) subjecting at least part of the reformate obtained to a hydrogenation step.
- Process according to claim 1, wherein in step b) both the normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins are separated from the di-isoparaffins, and at least part of the normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins so obtained is subjected to the reforming step.
- Process according to claim 2, wherein firstly the normal paraffins are separated from the isoparaffins, and subsequently the mono-isoparaffins are separated from the di-isoparaffins.
- Process according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein at least part of the reformate stream obtained in step d) is separated into into a light fraction comprising C₆ and smaller hydrocarbons and a heavy fraction comprising C₆ and greater hydrocarbons, whereby at least part of the light fraction and at least part of the heavy fraction is subjected to the hydrogenation in step e).
- Process according to claim 4, wherein at least part of the reformate is firstly separated into a gaseous fraction and a liquid fraction, whereafter the liquid fraction is separated into the light fraction comprising C₆ and smaller hydrocarbons and the heavy fraction comprising C₆ and greater hydrocarbons.
- Process according to claim 4 or 5 wherein at least part of the light fraction and at least part of the heavy fraction is subjected to a separation treatment wherein normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins are separated from di-isoparaffins, and whereby a first hydrocarbon product stream comprising normal paraffins and optionally mono-isoparaffins and a second hydrocarbon product stream comprising di-isoparaffins is recovered.
- Process according to claim 6, wherein the separation treatment is carried out in such a way that both the normal paraffins and mono-isoparaffins are separated from the di-isoparaffins.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19940201673 EP0629683B1 (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1994-06-10 | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93201716 | 1993-06-15 | ||
EP93201716 | 1993-06-15 | ||
EP19940201673 EP0629683B1 (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1994-06-10 | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0629683A1 true EP0629683A1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
EP0629683B1 EP0629683B1 (en) | 1998-12-09 |
Family
ID=8213901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19940201673 Expired - Lifetime EP0629683B1 (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1994-06-10 | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0629683B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2125737C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69415084T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0629683T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2126053T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013016008A1 (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-31 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Improved process development by parallel operation of paraffin isomerization unit with reformer |
WO2021118855A1 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-17 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Selective reforming process to produce gasoline blending components and aromatics |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1208231A (en) * | 1957-05-01 | 1960-02-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improved naphtha reforming process |
US2935539A (en) * | 1958-04-25 | 1960-05-03 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hydrocarbon separation process using metallic amine complex substituted molecular sieves |
US3012961A (en) * | 1959-05-14 | 1961-12-12 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Production of jet fuel |
GB1106044A (en) * | 1965-07-05 | 1968-03-13 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Production of jet and motor fuel |
EP0462673A1 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-12-27 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Process for producing gasoline components |
EP0553931A1 (en) * | 1992-01-30 | 1993-08-04 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock |
-
1994
- 1994-06-10 DK DK94201673T patent/DK0629683T3/en active
- 1994-06-10 EP EP19940201673 patent/EP0629683B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-10 ES ES94201673T patent/ES2126053T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-10 DE DE1994615084 patent/DE69415084T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-13 CA CA 2125737 patent/CA2125737C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1208231A (en) * | 1957-05-01 | 1960-02-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improved naphtha reforming process |
US2935539A (en) * | 1958-04-25 | 1960-05-03 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hydrocarbon separation process using metallic amine complex substituted molecular sieves |
US3012961A (en) * | 1959-05-14 | 1961-12-12 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Production of jet fuel |
GB1106044A (en) * | 1965-07-05 | 1968-03-13 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Production of jet and motor fuel |
EP0462673A1 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-12-27 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Process for producing gasoline components |
EP0553931A1 (en) * | 1992-01-30 | 1993-08-04 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013016008A1 (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-31 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Improved process development by parallel operation of paraffin isomerization unit with reformer |
CN103717713A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2014-04-09 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | Improved process development by parallel operation of paraffin isomerization unit with reformer |
US8808534B2 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2014-08-19 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process development by parallel operation of paraffin isomerization unit with reformer |
CN103717713B (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2015-05-13 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | Improved process development by parallel operation of paraffin isomerization unit with reformer |
WO2021118855A1 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-17 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Selective reforming process to produce gasoline blending components and aromatics |
US11072748B2 (en) | 2019-12-09 | 2021-07-27 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Selective reforming process to produce gasoline blending components and aromatics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69415084D1 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
CA2125737C (en) | 2005-02-22 |
DK0629683T3 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
ES2126053T3 (en) | 1999-03-16 |
CA2125737A1 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
EP0629683B1 (en) | 1998-12-09 |
DE69415084T2 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11613713B2 (en) | Process to recover gasoline and diesel from aromatic complex bottoms | |
EP0664827B1 (en) | Gasoline upgrading process | |
US4975178A (en) | Multistage reforming with interstage aromatics removal | |
JP2727349B2 (en) | Hydrocarbon fraction with limited C 9 + content | |
US5360532A (en) | Gasoline upgrading process | |
US5318690A (en) | Gasoline upgrading process | |
US20150166435A1 (en) | Methods and apparatuses for processing hydrocarbons | |
US5190633A (en) | Hydrocracking process with polynuclear aromatic dimer foulant adsorption | |
US11613714B2 (en) | Conversion of aromatic complex bottoms to useful products in an integrated refinery process | |
US3649520A (en) | Production of lead free gasoline | |
US5135639A (en) | Production of reformulated gasoline | |
US11370980B2 (en) | Recycle catalytic reforming process to increase aromatics yield | |
EP0553931B1 (en) | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock | |
EP0554945B1 (en) | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock | |
EP0629683B1 (en) | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock | |
EP0629682B1 (en) | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock | |
EP0629681B1 (en) | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock | |
US2904501A (en) | Hydroforming catalytic pentenes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19950324 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19970514 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: KIRKER & CIE SA Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69415084 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19990121 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2126053 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20070601 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20070615 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20070628 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20080609 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20080520 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20080610 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20080630 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20080630 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20080424 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. Effective date: 20080630 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20080529 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080630 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080630 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080630 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20080611 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080611 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20090610 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20100101 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20100226 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090630 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090610 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100101 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100101 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090630 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090610 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090611 |