EP0627717B1 - Method and arrangement for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0627717B1
EP0627717B1 EP94107433A EP94107433A EP0627717B1 EP 0627717 B1 EP0627717 B1 EP 0627717B1 EP 94107433 A EP94107433 A EP 94107433A EP 94107433 A EP94107433 A EP 94107433A EP 0627717 B1 EP0627717 B1 EP 0627717B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
antenna
antennas
transmitting
receiving
assigned
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EP94107433A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0627717A1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Grabow
Felix Dipl.-Ing. Dobias
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and Transceivers on board relative to the base station preferably in moving objects, in particular Vehicles, using an antenna arrangement with several Antennas, the reception profiles of which are electronic a vehicle can be aligned, the transceivers a response signal to a received signal with the same carrier frequency send out, whose level is proportional to the level of the received signal.
  • the invention further relates to a device for performing of the procedure.
  • a method of the type mentioned at the outset is from DE 41 07 803 Al known.
  • Query arrangement is automatic payment of toll fees listed. Any vehicle that has to pay a toll fee has an automatic debit facility, with the transceiver on board the vehicle cooperates. Between the base station and the transceiver there is a data exchange. Posted first the debiting facility sends the toll fee and sends then a receipt to the base station. While this process is carried out with antenna elements of the antennas Base station for the vehicle in question a reception profile generated. The reception profile can possibly be the moving one Vehicle to be tracked.
  • the transceivers on board of the vehicles expediently work as transponders send the received signal back in modulated form. Accordingly the response signal has the same carrier frequency as that signal emitted by the base station. Beyond that its level proportional to the level of the received signal.
  • the Receiving antenna be designed so that e.g. just a vehicle stay within the associated illumination area can.
  • the alignment properties of the receiving antenna must ensure that there is strong attenuation of signals outside the desired footprint is made to an incorrect one Avoid assigning signals from neighboring vehicles.
  • a reduction in signals required in practice outside the main lobe of the antenna is, for example -40dB.
  • the receiving antenna In order to achieve this attenuation value, the receiving antenna must formed with a large number of antenna elements be, so that a considerable effort is required.
  • an antenna (5) comprises a receiving antenna part (7) and a transmitting antenna part (6) associated therewith, and in that each receiving antenna a transmitting antenna is assigned and that the transmitting antenna Signals with a reception profile of the reception antenna sends the corresponding broadcast profile.
  • the side lobe damping exclusively through the reception profile of the reception antenna is effected and wide-beam, that is, multiple vehicles Transmitting antennas are provided in the invention
  • a plurality of transmission antennas are provided, who send out their signals with a transmission profile that corresponds to the reception profile of an associated reception antenna. Since also the transceivers on board from others potentially disruptive moving objects the emitted signals send back according to the transponder principle, are by the Send profile already heavily attenuated signals with the result resulting low signal level sent back to the base station and attenuated again by the reception profile, so that the Multiply the attenuation of the transmission profile and reception profile. If the transmission profile and reception profile match, for example the attenuation value of -40dB is reached that the corresponding side lobe damping with transmission profile and with reception profile is in each case -20dB. These damping values can be realized with much simpler antenna arrangements.
  • the problem underlying the invention is further solved with a Device for performing the method solved at in the base station of each receiving antenna is a transmitting antenna is assigned and receiving antenna and transmitting antenna each have a steel forming network. It is special advantageous if transmit and receive antennas assigned to each other arranged in the immediate vicinity are and the beam forming networks of the associated Antennas are controlled by the same processor.
  • Figure 1 shows vehicles 1, each with a transceiver 2 are equipped and in front of a base station 3 are located, the lanes 4 of a street spanned like a bridge.
  • the base station has an antenna arrangement with several Antennas 5, 4 for example for each lane a transmitting and receiving antenna 5 is provided.
  • FIG. 2 Communication between base station 3 and the vehicle 1 is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the transceiver 2 of the vehicle 1 are activated.
  • data from the base station 3 on the Transfer vehicle in particular the debiting of a fee amount caused by the transceiver 2.
  • FIG 3 shows the schematic structure of an antenna 5 their transmitting part 6 and receiving part 7.
  • the transmitting part 6 contains a plurality of transmit antenna elements 8, which over a Beam shaping network 9 with the output signal of a transmitter 10 are supplied via a distribution circuit 11.
  • Beam shaping network 9 will be the individual on the spatial distributed transmit antenna elements 8 routed signals weighted differently, setting the weighting is made by a processor 12. Because of the different vectorial weighting creates a send profile of the transmitting part 6 of the antenna 5.
  • the receiving part 7 of the antenna 5 has a A plurality of receiving antenna elements 13, which over a Beamforming network 14 and a summer 15 with one Receiver 16 are connected. Because of the same processor 12 controlled weighting within the beamforming network 14 shows a spatial sensitivity distribution in Form of a reception profile.
  • an evaluation circuit 17 connected to a series of Information 20 can be created by processor 12 for creation suitable transmission and reception profiles can be used.
  • the processor 12 can also provide information, for example, about the weight distribution of beam shaping networks 9, 14 of neighboring ones Received antennas 5.
  • Figure 4 shows two adjacent antennas 5, 5 'of a base station 3. These communicate with two transceivers 2, 2 'in vehicles 1.
  • the antennas 5, 5' each define one Illumination area 18, 18 'in the form of a main lobe, the Main lobes of the transmitting parts 6 and the receiving parts 7 are identical are and multiply in their effect.
  • the directivity the transceiver 2, 2 ' is small to a desirable Freedom to attach the transceivers 2, 2 'to ensure in vehicles 1.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Durchführung eines drahtlosen Datenaustausches zwischen einer Feststation und Sende-/Empfangsgeräten an Bord von sich relativ zur Feststation vorzugsweise in Fahrspuren bewegenden Objekten, insbesondere Fahrzeugen, mit Hilfe einer Antennenanordnung mit mehreren Antennen, deren Empfangsprofile elektronisch auf ein Fahrzeug ausrichtbar sind, wobei die Sende-/Empfangsgeräte auf ein empfangenes Signal ein Antwortsignal mit gleicher Trägerfrequenz aussenden, dessen Pegel proportional zum Pegel des empfangenen Signals ist.The invention relates to a method for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and Transceivers on board relative to the base station preferably in moving objects, in particular Vehicles, using an antenna arrangement with several Antennas, the reception profiles of which are electronic a vehicle can be aligned, the transceivers a response signal to a received signal with the same carrier frequency send out, whose level is proportional to the level of the received signal.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention further relates to a device for performing of the procedure.

Ein Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art ist aus DE 41 07 803 Al bekannt. Als eine Anwendungsmöglichkeit der darin beschriebenen Abfrageanordnung ist automatische Zahlung von Mautgebühren aufgeführt. Jedes Fahrzeug, das eine Mautgebühr zu zahlen hat, ist mit einer automatischen Abbuchungseinrichtung ausgestattet, die mit dem Sende-/Empfangsgerät an Bord des Fahrzeugs zusammenwirkt. Zwischen der Feststation und dem Sende/Empfangsgerät findet ein Datenaustausch statt. Dabei verbucht zunächst die Abbuchungseinrichtung die Mautgebühr und sendet anschließend eine Quittung darüber an die Feststation. Während dieses Vorganges wird mit Antennenelementen der Antennen der Feststation für das betreffende Fahrzeug ein Empfangsprofil erzeugt. Das Empfangsprofil kann ggfs. dem sich bewegenden Fahrzeug nachgeführt werden. Die Sende-/Empfangsgeräte an Bord der Fahrzeuge arbeiten zweckmäßigerweise als Transponder, die das empfangene Signal in modulierter Form zurücksenden. Demgemäß weist das Antwortsignal die gleiche Trägerfrequenz wie das von der Feststation ausgesandte Signal auf. Darüber hinaus ist sein Pegel proportional zum Pegel des empfangenen Signals.A method of the type mentioned at the outset is from DE 41 07 803 Al known. As an application of the described therein Query arrangement is automatic payment of toll fees listed. Any vehicle that has to pay a toll fee has an automatic debit facility, with the transceiver on board the vehicle cooperates. Between the base station and the transceiver there is a data exchange. Posted first the debiting facility sends the toll fee and sends then a receipt to the base station. While this process is carried out with antenna elements of the antennas Base station for the vehicle in question a reception profile generated. The reception profile can possibly be the moving one Vehicle to be tracked. The transceivers on board of the vehicles expediently work as transponders send the received signal back in modulated form. Accordingly the response signal has the same carrier frequency as that signal emitted by the base station. Beyond that its level proportional to the level of the received signal.

Da die Zuordnung von Fahrzeugen und die Ausblendung von zu anderen Fahrzeugen zugehörigen Störsignalen durch das Empfangsprofil der Empfangsantenne erreicht wird, muß die Empfangsantenne so ausgelegt sein, daß sich z.B. nur ein Fahrzeug innerhalb des zugehörigen Ausleuchtgebietes aufhalten kann. Die Ausrichteigenschaften der Empfangsantenne müssen sicherstellen, daß eine starke Dämpfung von Signalen außerhalb der gewünschten Ausleuchtzone vorgenommen wird, um eine falsche Zuordnung der Signale von benachbarten Fahrzeugen zu vermeiden. Eine in der Praxis erforderliche Reduktion der Signale außerhalb der Hauptkeule der Antenne beträgt beispielsweise -40dB. Um diesen Dämpfungswert zu erreichen, muß die Empfangsantenne mit einer großen Anzahl von Antennenelementen ausgebildet sein, so daß ein erheblicher Aufwand benötigt wird.Since the assignment of vehicles and the hiding of too other vehicles associated interference signals by the Reception profile of the receiving antenna is reached, the Receiving antenna be designed so that e.g. just a vehicle stay within the associated illumination area can. The alignment properties of the receiving antenna must ensure that there is strong attenuation of signals outside the desired footprint is made to an incorrect one Avoid assigning signals from neighboring vehicles. A reduction in signals required in practice outside the main lobe of the antenna is, for example -40dB. In order to achieve this attenuation value, the receiving antenna must formed with a large number of antenna elements be, so that a considerable effort is required.

Die sich aus dem Stand der Technik ergebene Problemstellung besteht somit darin, den Aufwand für die benötigte Nebenkeulenunterdrückung zu vermindern.The problem arising from the prior art is therefore the effort for the required side lobe suppression to diminish.

Zur Lösung dieses Problems ist das eingangs erwähnte Verfahren erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Antenne (5) einen Empfangsantennenteil (7) und einen diesem zugeordneten Sendeantennenteil (6) umfasst, und daß jeder Empfangsantenne eine Sendeantenne zugeordnet ist und daß die Sendeantenne Signale mit einem dem Empfangsprofil der Empfangsantenne entsprechenden Sendeprofil aussendet.The method mentioned at the beginning is to solve this problem according to the invention, characterized in that an antenna (5) comprises a receiving antenna part (7) and a transmitting antenna part (6) associated therewith, and in that each receiving antenna a transmitting antenna is assigned and that the transmitting antenna Signals with a reception profile of the reception antenna sends the corresponding broadcast profile.

Während bei den bekannten Verfahren die Nebenkeulendämpfung ausschließlich durch das Empfangsprofil der Empfangsantenne bewirkt wird und breitstrahlende, also mehrere Fahrzeuge erfassende Sendeantennen vorgesehen sind, wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine Mehrzahl von Sendeantennen vorgesehen, die ihre Signale mit einem Sendeprofil aussenden, das dem Empfangsprofil einer zugehörigen Empfangsantenne entspricht. Da auch die Sende-/Empfangsgeräte an Bord von anderen potentiell störenden bewegten Objekten die ausgesandten Signale nach dem Transponder-Prinzip zurücksenden, werden durch das Sendeprofil bereits stark gedämpte Signale mit dem sich daraus ergebenden niedrigen Signalpegel zur Feststation zurückgesandt und durch das Empfangsprofil erneut gedämpft, so daß sich die Dämpfungen von Sendeprofil und Empfangsprofil multiplizieren. Bei Übereinstimmung von Sendeprofil und Empfangsprofil wird beispielsweise der Dämpfungswert von -40dB dadurch erreicht, daß die entsprechende Nebenkeulendämpfung bei Sendeprofil und bei Empfangsprofil jeweils -20dB beträgt. Diese Dämpfungswerte sind mit wesentlich einfacheren Antennenanordnungen zu realisieren.While in the known methods the side lobe damping exclusively through the reception profile of the reception antenna is effected and wide-beam, that is, multiple vehicles Transmitting antennas are provided in the invention A plurality of transmission antennas are provided, who send out their signals with a transmission profile that corresponds to the reception profile of an associated reception antenna. Since also the transceivers on board from others potentially disruptive moving objects the emitted signals send back according to the transponder principle, are by the Send profile already heavily attenuated signals with the result resulting low signal level sent back to the base station and attenuated again by the reception profile, so that the Multiply the attenuation of the transmission profile and reception profile. If the transmission profile and reception profile match, for example the attenuation value of -40dB is reached that the corresponding side lobe damping with transmission profile and with reception profile is in each case -20dB. These damping values can be realized with much simpler antenna arrangements.

Das der Erfindug zugrundeliegende Problem wird ferner mit einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gelöst, bei der in der Feststation jeder Empfangsantenne eine Sendeantenne zugeordnet ist und Empfangsantenne und Sendeantenne jeweils ein Stahlformungsnetzwerk aufweisen. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn einander zugeordnete Sende- und Empfangsantennen in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nachbarschaft angeordnet sind und die Strahlformungsnetzwerke der einander zugeordneten Antennen von demselben Prozessor gesteuert werden.The problem underlying the invention is further solved with a Device for performing the method solved at in the base station of each receiving antenna is a transmitting antenna is assigned and receiving antenna and transmitting antenna each have a steel forming network. It is special advantageous if transmit and receive antennas assigned to each other arranged in the immediate vicinity are and the beam forming networks of the associated Antennas are controlled by the same processor.

Da erfindungsgemäß nunmehr eine Mehrzahl von Sendeantennen vorgesehen ist, kann in vorteilhafter Weise der Einfluß von Störsignalen wirksam dadurch herabgesetzt werden, daß benachbarte Sendeantennen Signale auf unterschiedlichen Trägerfrequenzen aussenden und daß von den zugehörigen Empfangsantennen nur Signale auf der Frequenz der zugeordneten Sendeantennen zur Auswertung weitergeleitet werden.Since, according to the invention, there are now a plurality of transmitting antennas is provided, the influence of Interference signals are effectively reduced by the fact that neighboring Transmitting antenna signals on different carrier frequencies transmit and that of the associated receiving antennas only signals on the frequency of the assigned transmit antennas be forwarded for evaluation.

Bei der Verwendung eines Trägerfrequenzkanals im Frequenzbereich 5,8 GHz ist es zweckmäßig, vier Kanäle mit einer Bandbreite von 5 MHz vorzusehen. When using a carrier frequency channel in the frequency domain 5.8 GHz it is appropriate to use four channels with a bandwidth of 5 MHz.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Feststation mit mehreren Antennen und Fahrzeugen, die sich der Feststation nähern
Figur 2
eine schematische Darstellung des Kommunikationsablaufes zwischen Feststation und Fahrzeug
Figur 3
einen prinzipiellen Aufbau einer Empfangsantenne und einer Sendeantenne mit Strahlformungsnetzwerken
Figur 4
eine schematische Darstellung der Ausleuchtgebiete für zwei Sende-/Empfangsantennen mit möglichen Fehlereinflüssen bei der Benutzung der gleichen Trägerfrequenz (a) und bei der Benutzung unterschiedlicher Trägerfrequenzen (b).
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Figure 1
is a schematic representation of a base station with several antennas and vehicles that approach the base station
Figure 2
a schematic representation of the communication flow between base station and vehicle
Figure 3
a basic structure of a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna with beam shaping networks
Figure 4
is a schematic representation of the illumination areas for two transmit / receive antennas with possible error influences when using the same carrier frequency (a) and when using different carrier frequencies (b).

Figur 1 zeigt Fahrzeuge 1, die mit jeweils einem Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 ausgestattet sind und sich vor einer Feststation 3 befinden, die Fahrbahnen 4 einer Straße brückenartig überspannt. Die Feststation weist eine Antennenanordnung mit mehreren Antennen 5 auf, wobei beispielsweise für jede Fahrbahn 4 eine Sende- und Empfangsantenne 5 vorgesehen ist.Figure 1 shows vehicles 1, each with a transceiver 2 are equipped and in front of a base station 3 are located, the lanes 4 of a street spanned like a bridge. The base station has an antenna arrangement with several Antennas 5, 4 for example for each lane a transmitting and receiving antenna 5 is provided.

Die Kommunikation zwischen der Feststation 3 und dem Fahrzeug 1 ist in Figur 2 verdeutlicht. Zum Beginn des Datenaustausches findet eine Signalübertragung von der Feststation 3 über den Sendeteil der Antenne 5 auf das Fahrzeug 1 statt. Dadurch kann das Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 des Fahrzeugs 1 aktiviert werden. Darüber hinaus werden Daten von der Feststation 3 auf das Fahrzeug 1 übertragen, insbesondere die Abbuchung eines Gebührenbetrages durch das Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 veranlaßt. Communication between base station 3 and the vehicle 1 is illustrated in FIG. 2. At the beginning of the data exchange finds a signal transmission from the base station 3 via the Transmitting part of the antenna 5 to the vehicle 1 instead. This can the transceiver 2 of the vehicle 1 are activated. In addition, data from the base station 3 on the Transfer vehicle 1, in particular the debiting of a fee amount caused by the transceiver 2.

Wie im unteren Teil von Figur 2 dargestellt ist, wird anschließend ein Quittungssignal von dem Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 des Fahrzeugs 1 an die Feststation 3 zurückgesandt, wobei für die Übersendung des Quittungssignals von einem Sendeteil 6 der Antenne 5 ein Signal mit einem kontinuierlichen Pegel ausgesandt wird, das von dem durch einen Transponder gebildeten Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 als moduliertes Signal auf ein Empfangsteil 7 der Antenne 5 gelangt.Then, as shown in the lower part of Figure 2 an acknowledgment signal from the transceiver 2 of the vehicle 1 sent back to the base station 3, whereby for the transmission of the acknowledgment signal from a transmitting part 6 of Antenna 5 emits a signal with a continuous level is that of the one formed by a transponder Transceiver 2 as a modulated signal on Receiving part 7 of the antenna 5 arrives.

Wird ein ordnungsgemäßes Quittungssignal nicht von der Antenne 5 empfangen, können geeignete Maßnahmen initiiert werden, die die Identifikation des Fahrzeuges 1 zur Nacherhebung der Gebühren ermöglichen, beispielsweise die Abspeicherung eines Videobildes des Fahrzeugs o.ä..If a proper acknowledgment signal is not received by the antenna 5 received, appropriate measures can be initiated the identification of the vehicle 1 to collect the fees enable, for example, the storage of a Video image of the vehicle or similar

Figur 3 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau einer Antenne 5 mit ihrem Sendeteil 6 und Empfangsteil 7. Der Sendeteil 6 enthält eine Mehrzahl von Sende-Antennenelementen 8, die über ein Strahlformungsnetzwerk 9 mit dem Ausgangssignal eines Senders 10 über eine Aufteilschaltung 11 versorgt werden. In dem Strahlformungsnetzwerk 9 werden die einzelnen, auf die räumlich verteilten Sende-Antennenelemente 8 geleiteten Signale unterschiedlich gewichtet, wobei die Einstellung der Wichtung von einem Prozessor 12 vorgenomen wird. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen vektoriellen Wichtung entsteht ein Sendeprofil des Sendeteils 6 der Antenne 5.Figure 3 shows the schematic structure of an antenna 5 their transmitting part 6 and receiving part 7. The transmitting part 6 contains a plurality of transmit antenna elements 8, which over a Beam shaping network 9 with the output signal of a transmitter 10 are supplied via a distribution circuit 11. By doing Beam shaping network 9 will be the individual on the spatial distributed transmit antenna elements 8 routed signals weighted differently, setting the weighting is made by a processor 12. Because of the different vectorial weighting creates a send profile of the transmitting part 6 of the antenna 5.

In analoger Weise weist das Empfangsteil 7 der Antenne 5 eine Mehrzahl von Empfangsantennenelementen 13 auf, die über ein Strahlformungsnetzwerk 14 und einen Summierer 15 mit einem Empfänger 16 verbunden sind. Aufgrund der von demselben Prozessor 12 gesteuerten Wichtung innerhalb des Strahlformungsnetzwerks 14 wird eine räumliche Empfindlichkeitsverteilung in Form eines Empfangsprofils bewirkt. An den Empfänger 16 ist eine Auswertungsschaltung 17 angeschlossen, die eine Reihe von Informationen 20 erstellen kann, die vom Prozessor 12 zur Erstellung geeigneter Sende- und Empfangsprofile verwendbar sind. Der Prozessor 12 kann ferner Informationen beispielsweise über die Wichtungsverteilung von Strahlformungsnetzwerken 9, 14 benachbarter Antennen 5 erhalten.In an analogous manner, the receiving part 7 of the antenna 5 has a A plurality of receiving antenna elements 13, which over a Beamforming network 14 and a summer 15 with one Receiver 16 are connected. Because of the same processor 12 controlled weighting within the beamforming network 14 shows a spatial sensitivity distribution in Form of a reception profile. To the receiver 16 an evaluation circuit 17 connected to a series of Information 20 can be created by processor 12 for creation suitable transmission and reception profiles can be used. The processor 12 can also provide information, for example, about the weight distribution of beam shaping networks 9, 14 of neighboring ones Received antennas 5.

In dem in Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Anzahl und Anordnung der Sende-Antennenelemente 8 gleich der Anzahl und Anordnung der Empfangsantennenelemente 13. Sendeteil 6 und Empfangsteil 7 sind in unmittelbar räumlicher Nähe angeordnet, so daß die Strahlformungsnetzwerke 9, 14 die selben Wichtungsvektoren von dem Prozessor 12 erhalten.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG Number and arrangement of the transmission antenna elements 8 equal to that Number and arrangement of the receiving antenna elements 13. Transmitting part 6 and receiving part 7 are in close proximity arranged so that the beamforming networks 9, 14 are the same Weight vectors obtained from processor 12.

Figur 4 zeigt zwei benachbarte Antennen 5, 5' einer Feststation 3. Diese kommunizieren mit zwei Sende-Empfangsgeräten 2, 2' in Fahrzeugen 1. Die Antennen 5, 5' definieren jeweils ein Ausleuchtgebiet 18, 18' in Form einer Hauptkeule, wobei die Hauptkeulen der Sendeteile 6 und der Empfangsteile 7 identisch sind und sich in ihrer Wirkung multiplizieren. Die Richtwirkung der Sende-/Empfangsgeräte 2, 2' ist gering, um eine wünschenswerte Freiheit für die Anbringung der Sende-/Empfangsgeräte 2, 2' in den Fahrzeugen 1 zu gewährleisten.Figure 4 shows two adjacent antennas 5, 5 'of a base station 3. These communicate with two transceivers 2, 2 'in vehicles 1. The antennas 5, 5' each define one Illumination area 18, 18 'in the form of a main lobe, the Main lobes of the transmitting parts 6 and the receiving parts 7 are identical are and multiply in their effect. The directivity the transceiver 2, 2 'is small to a desirable Freedom to attach the transceivers 2, 2 'to ensure in vehicles 1.

Die sachgemäße Kommunikation zwischen der Antenne 5 und dem Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 findet auf dem Weg I in Figur 4 statt. Denkbare Störeinwirkungen entstehen durch Empfang von durch die benachbarte Antenne 5' ausgesandten und von einem benachbarten Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2' zurückgegebenen Signalen auf den Wegen II und III. Während auf dem Weg II die Dämpfung über das Empfangsprofil der Antenne 5 wirksam ist, findet praktisch keine Dämpfung auf dem Weg III statt, wenn innerhalb des Ausleuchtgebiets 18 der Antenne 5 das von dem Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2' zurückgeworfene Signal durch einen Reflektor 19 in Richtung auf die Antenne 5 reflektiert wird. Proper communication between the antenna 5 and the Transceiver 2 takes place on route I in Figure 4. Conceivable interferences arise by receiving from the neighboring antenna 5 'emitted and from an adjacent one Transceiver 2 'returned signals routes II and III. While on the way II the damping over the reception profile of the antenna 5 is effective, finds practical no damping on route III instead if within the footprint 18 of the antenna 5 from the transceiver 2 'reflected signal by a reflector 19 in Direction on the antenna 5 is reflected.

Die Störeinflüsse auf den Wegen II und III in Figur 4a treten nur mit einer geringen Wahrscheinlichkeit auf, haben daher nur selten Auswirkungen.The interferences on routes II and III in Figure 4a occur only with a low probability, therefore only have rarely effects.

Diese können vermieden werden, wenn die benachbarte Antenne 5' auf einer anderen Trägerfrequenz ausstrahlt, die von dem Empfangsteil 6 der Antenne 5 nicht zur Auswertung weitergeleitet wird. In diesem Fall ist eine Störung durch ein benachbartes Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2' nur auf dem Weg IV möglich, auf dem das von der Antenne 5 ausgesandte Signal von dem benachbarten Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2' zum Empfangsteil 7 der Antenne 5 reflektiert wird. Da sowohl für das Aussenden wie auch für das Empfangen auf dem Wege IV die Nebenkeulenreduktion der Antenne 5 wirksam wird, wird ein Störeinfluß auf dem Weg IV hinreichend gedämpft, um eine praktische Auswirkung zu vermeiden. Die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Frequenzen für benachbarte Antennen 5, 5' reduziert daher die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten von Fehlern erheblich.These can be avoided if the adjacent antenna 5 ' on another carrier frequency, which emits from the receiving part 6 of the antenna 5 is not forwarded for evaluation becomes. In this case there is interference from an adjacent one Transceiver 2 'only possible on route IV, on the the signal emitted by the antenna 5 from the neighboring one Transceiver 2 'reflected to the receiving part 7 of the antenna 5 becomes. Because both for sending and for that Receive the side lobe reduction of the antenna on route IV 5 becomes effective, an interference on the path IV is sufficient steamed to avoid a practical impact. The use of different frequencies for neighboring Antennas 5, 5 'therefore reduce the probability of this Occurrence of errors significantly.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for carrying out wireless data exchange between a fixed station (3) and transceiving units (2, 2') on board objects, in particular vehicles (1) moving relative to the fixed station (3), preferably in lanes (4), with the aid of an antenna arrangement having a plurality of antennas (5) whose receiving profiles can be aligned electronically with an object, the transceiving units (2, 2') emitting in response to a received signal a response signal which has the same carrier frequency and whose level is proportional to the level of the received signal, characterized in that an antenna (5) comprises a receiving antenna part (7) and a transmitting antenna part (6) assigned thereto, and in that the transmitting antenna (6) emits signals with a transmitting profile corresponding to the receiving profile of the receiving antenna (7).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that neighbouring transmitting antennas (6, 6') emit signals at different carrier frequencies, and in that only signals at the frequency of the assigned transmitting antenna (6, 6') are relayed for evaluation from the associated receiving antennas (7, 7').
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that four different frequencies are used.
  4. Device for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the fixed station (3) each receiving antenna (7) is assigned a transmitting antenna (6) and the receiving antennas (7) and transmitting antennas (6) in each case have a beam-shaping network (9, 14).
  5. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that mutually assigned transmitting and receiving antennas (6, 7) are arranged in direct spatial proximity, and in that the beam-shaping networks (9, 14) of the mutually assigned antennas (6, 7) are controlled by the same processor (12).
  6. Device according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized by carrier frequency generators for neighbouring transmitting antennas (6, 6') which operate at different frequencies.
EP94107433A 1993-06-01 1994-05-13 Method and arrangement for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects Expired - Lifetime EP0627717B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4318109A DE4318109A1 (en) 1993-06-01 1993-06-01 Method and device for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and moving objects
DE4318109 1993-06-01

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EP0627717A1 EP0627717A1 (en) 1994-12-07
EP0627717B1 true EP0627717B1 (en) 1998-08-12

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EP (1) EP0627717B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3426028B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4318109A1 (en)

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Also Published As

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JPH0722997A (en) 1995-01-24
JP3426028B2 (en) 2003-07-14
DE59406642D1 (en) 1998-09-17
US5757285A (en) 1998-05-26
EP0627717A1 (en) 1994-12-07
DE4318109A1 (en) 1994-12-08

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