EP0609492B1 - Holder plate for the partial heat treatment of articles - Google Patents
Holder plate for the partial heat treatment of articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0609492B1 EP0609492B1 EP93114885A EP93114885A EP0609492B1 EP 0609492 B1 EP0609492 B1 EP 0609492B1 EP 93114885 A EP93114885 A EP 93114885A EP 93114885 A EP93114885 A EP 93114885A EP 0609492 B1 EP0609492 B1 EP 0609492B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- holding means
- means according
- base plate
- radiation screen
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
- F27D5/005—Supports specially adapted for holding elongated articles in an upright position, e.g. sparking plugs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/01—End parts (e.g. leading, trailing end)
Definitions
- the invention relates to a holder for partial heat treatment of a clamping area and a work area
- Tools especially drills, in ovens, in particular Vacuum chamber furnaces with pressurized gas quenching, the tools on a base plate rising from a perforated base plate are guided and the base plate to the furnace chamber a radiation shield is provided.
- DE-OS 39 34 103 (EP-A-422353) is a receptacle for a heat treatment
- Known tools to be subjected to the on the furnace chamber facing side with a radiation shield is.
- this known bracket is for receiving the Tools with holes in the base plate towards the furnace chamber equipped with an insulating plate that allows heat transfer on the base plate.
- a radiation shield is applied to the insulating plate, the one has low heat emission value, d. H. the heat radiation reflected.
- This recording offers the possibility of Base plate against the heat radiation in the furnace chamber isolate, but the tools have a large transition zone between hardened work area and non-hardened clamping area due to a sufficiently insulating insulating plate must be designed very thick.
- the invention has for its object to provide a holder for partial heat treatment of tools in ovens, which allows the transition zone on the workpiece to be as small as possible and, while maintaining good thermal insulation, sufficiently guides the workpieces in the base plate.
- the holder Radiation shield constructed in several layers so that an uppermost, the Layer facing the furnace chamber has the highest possible emission factor for heat radiation, and the lower layers one lowest possible emission factor for thermal radiation exhibit.
- this multilayer structure of the radiation shield reflect those having a low heat emission factor lower layers the incident heat radiation, so that due to the different emission and reflection factors the base plate of the individual layers of the radiation shield is insulated as far as possible from the furnace chamber.
- Suitable materials for the furnace chamber facing surface of the radiation shield have for example polished metal surfaces, graphite or Carbon fiber reinforced graphite (CFC) proven.
- the layer thickness the surface of the radiation shield is preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 mm. Due to this small layer thickness
- the surface of the radiation shield is the amount of energy to be absorbed limited. The minimum thickness is determined by the mechanical Properties of the materials limited, as these against the mechanical forces in the gas flow in the cooling phase resistant have to be.
- polished Metal surfaces have graphite and CFC in particular proven due to its long lifespan. Beyond drawing graphite and CFC are characterized by low abrasion, which means that Contamination of the furnace interior with detached particles be avoided.
- the heat emission factors of the lower layers of the multilayer Radiation shield are preferably between 0.03 and 0.3.
- To achieve the shortest possible transition zone on the workpiece are for the lower layers of the radiation shield thin metal sheets or metal foils with a layer thickness of 0.03 to 0.5 mm used. Because the lower layers are made of very thin sheets or foils, it is all the more important that the top layer has a high resistance to the Has gas flow, since this layer simultaneously as Protective layer serves for the thin lower layers.
- the heat conduction between the individual layers of the radiation shield or the radiation shield and the base plate can reduce insulation gaps or insulation layers between the individual layers. While the insulation layers consist of ceramic, for example, are the insulating gaps simple distances between layers, for example through a wavy application of the individual layers arise on each other.
- the material of the individual layers of the radiation shield is so choose that this material has a saturation vapor pressure which is lower than the working pressure of the furnace, because Vapor deposits on the surfaces of the layers whose emission or can significantly impair reflection properties.
- the base plate against the heat radiation can achieve the individual layers of different materials consist.
- each other Material for each layer, it is possible to determine the emission or Reflective properties of different materials on one each the desired position.
- materials have nickel and nickel alloys, such as Chromium-nickel and copper-nickel alloys (Monel) are suitable proven to have a low saturation vapor pressure and a have a low heat emission factor.
- the radiation shield consists of an upper layer and three lower layers.
- the design with a three-layer Underclass has proven to be sufficient if the Materials with their emission and reflection factors are good are coordinated.
- Such a combination of materials results from the use of layers, for example Nickel, copper and aluminum.
- the Base plate thanks to the three-layer underlayer largely from shielded from heat radiation, making the workpieces only one have a short transition zone because the radiation shield is made of only few and also very thin layers.
- the radiation shield has the hole dimension of the Radiation shield for receiving the workpieces a larger one Diameter on than the hole dimension of the base plate.
- the under the base plate arranged base plate is arranged to be adjustable in height workpieces of different lengths the transition zone between hardened Work area and not hardened clamping area on the desired position.
- FIG. 1 shows a furnace chamber 1 of a vacuum chamber furnace, which is provided on the outside with insulation 2 and inside is heated via heating elements 3. Located in the furnace chamber 1 a holder 4 for receiving workpieces 5, which in the Furnace chamber 1 are subjected to a partial heat treatment should.
- the holder 4 for receiving the workpieces 5 consists of a Base frame 6, a base plate 7 and one with holes 8 provided base plate 9.
- the workpieces 5 are in the holder 4 used that they with a non-hardening clamping area 10 on the base plate 7 rising from the hole 8 of the base plate 9 are guided and with their to be hardened Project working area 11 into the heated furnace chamber 1.
- the surface 13 so procure is that it absorbs the incoming heat radiation first and then emitted back to the furnace chamber 1, whereby a homogeneous temperature distribution in the furnace chamber 1 is made possible.
- Fig. 2 shows an enlarged cross section through the base plate 9 with a radiation screen 12 arranged thereon
- the radiation shield is constructed in multiple layers.
- Under the layer 14 with the large heat emission factor having surface 13 are three further layers 15 each with a very small heat emission factor.
- the individual layers 15 are separated by insulating gaps 16 separated from each other by a wavy laying of the Layers 15 are generated.
- the individual layers 15 lie in this case only at individual contact points 17 on each other, so that no heat conduction between the individual layers 15 can take place.
- the heating elements 3 heat up the furnace chamber 1 to the operating temperature of about 1,200 °.
- the shortest possible transition zone between to hardening work area 11 and non-hardening clamping area 10 it is important that the base plate 9 the holder 4, which does not heat the workpiece 5 too much, thus the clamping area guided by the base plate 9 10 is not heated to the transition temperature.
- the radiation shield 12 prevents an excessive heating of the base plate 9 and thus in the Base plate 9 guided clamping area 10 of the workpiece 5th Due to the structure of the radiation shield 12 from one or several layers 14, 15 of thin foils it is possible that the transition zone in workpiece 5 is very small. To the Setting the exact position of the transition zone between the clamping area 10 and work area 11 workpieces of different lengths 5 is the base plate 7 adjustable in height in the base frame 6 of the Bracket 4 arranged.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Halterung zur partiellen Wärmebehandlung von einen Einspannbereich und einen Arbeitsbereich aufweisenden Werkzeugen, insbesondere Bohrern, in Öfen, insbesondere Vakuumkammeröfen mit Druckgasabschreckung, wobei die Werkzeuge auf einer Bodenplatte aufstehend von einer gelochten Grundplatte geführt sind und die Grundplatte zur Ofenkammer hin mit einem Strahlungsschirm versehen ist.The invention relates to a holder for partial heat treatment of a clamping area and a work area Tools, especially drills, in ovens, in particular Vacuum chamber furnaces with pressurized gas quenching, the tools on a base plate rising from a perforated base plate are guided and the base plate to the furnace chamber a radiation shield is provided.
Aus der DE-OS 39 34 103 (EP-A-422353) ist eine Aufnahme für einer Wärmebehandlung zu unterziehende Werkzeuge bekannt, die auf der der Ofenkammer zugewandten Seite mit einem Strahlungsschirm versehen ist. Bei dieser bekannten Halterung ist die zur Aufnahme der Werkzeuge mit Bohrungen versehene Grundplatte zur Ofenkammer hin mit einer Isolierplatte ausgestattet, die die Wärmeübertragung auf die Grundplatte vermindern soll. Als zusätzliche Schicht ist auf die Isolierplatte ein Strahlungschirm aufgebracht, der einen niedrigen Wärmeemissionswert aufweist, d. h. die Wärmestrahlung reflektiert. Diese Aufnahme bietet zwar die Möglichkeit, die Grundplatte gegenüber der Wärmestrahlung in der Ofenkammer zu isolieren, jedoch weisen die Werkzeuge eine große Ubergangszone zwischen gehärtetem Arbeitsbereich und nicht gehärtetem Einspannbereich auf, da eine ausreichend isolierende Isolierplatte sehr dick ausgelegt werden muß. Ferner zeigen die zu härtenden Arbeitsbereiche der Werkzeuge einen unterschiedlichen Härteverlauf, da aufgrund des einen hohen Wärmereflexionswert aufweisenden Strahlungsschirmes die Wärmestrahlung von der Oberfläche des Strahlungsschirmes auf die Werkzeuge reflektiert wird und die Werkzeuge dadurch ungleichmäßig erwärmt werden.DE-OS 39 34 103 (EP-A-422353) is a receptacle for a heat treatment Known tools to be subjected to the on the furnace chamber facing side with a radiation shield is. In this known bracket is for receiving the Tools with holes in the base plate towards the furnace chamber equipped with an insulating plate that allows heat transfer on the base plate. As an additional layer a radiation shield is applied to the insulating plate, the one has low heat emission value, d. H. the heat radiation reflected. This recording offers the possibility of Base plate against the heat radiation in the furnace chamber isolate, but the tools have a large transition zone between hardened work area and non-hardened clamping area due to a sufficiently insulating insulating plate must be designed very thick. Also show the ones to be hardened Working areas of the tools a different hardness course, because of the high heat reflection value Radiation shield the heat radiation from the surface of the radiation screen is reflected on the tools and the tools are heated unevenly.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Halterung zur partiellen Wärmebehandlung von Werkzeugen in Öfen zu schaffen, die eine möglichst kleine Übergangszone am Werkstück ermöglicht und unter Beibehaltung einer guten Wärmedämmung die Werkstücke ausreichend in der Grundplatte führt.The invention has for its object to provide a holder for partial heat treatment of tools in ovens, which allows the transition zone on the workpiece to be as small as possible and, while maintaining good thermal insulation, sufficiently guides the workpieces in the base plate.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche 2 bis 18 betreffen bevorzugte. Ausführungsformen der in Anspruch 1 definierten Halterung.This object is achieved with the features of
Mit einer derartigen Halterung zur partiellen Wärmebehandlung von Werkzeugen lassen sich sehr kurze Ubergangszonen vom gehärtetem zum nicht gehärtetem Bereich des Werkstückes erzielen. Aufgrund des hohen Wärmeemissionsfaktors der Oberfläche des Strahlungsschirms wird der größte Teil der Wärmestrahlung zuerst absorbiert und anschließend wieder zur Heizkammer hin emittiert, wodurch eine homogene Temperaturverteilung in der Heizkammer ermöglicht wird. Der hohe Emissionsfaktor bzw. niedrige Reflexionsfaktor für Wärmestrahlung verhindert darüber hinaus die bei reiner Reflexion auftretende ungleichmäßige Erwärmung der Werkstücke. Durch die direkte Anordnung des Strahlungsschirmes auf der Grundplatte, d. h. ohne Zwischenschaltung einer Isolierplatte, kann die Ubergangszone am Werkstück sehr klein gehalten werden.With such a holder for partial heat treatment of tools, very short transition zones from hardened to the unhardened area of the workpiece. Due to the high heat emission factor of the surface of the Radiation screen is the largest part of the heat radiation first absorbed and then emitted back to the heating chamber, which enables a homogeneous temperature distribution in the heating chamber becomes. The high emission factor or low one Reflection factor for thermal radiation also prevents the uneven heating that occurs with pure reflection of the workpieces. Due to the direct arrangement of the radiation shield on the base plate, d. H. without interposing an insulating plate, the transition zone on the workpiece can be very small being held.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Halterung ist der Strahlungsschirm mehrlagig so aufgebaut, daß eine oberste, der Ofenkammer zugewandte Schicht einen möglichst hohen Emissionsfaktor für Wärmestrahlung, und die unteren Schichten einen möglichst niedrigen Emissionsfaktor für Wärmestrahlung aufweisen. Bei diesem mehrlagigen Aufbau des Strahlungsschirmes reflektieren die einen niedrigen Wärmeemissionsfaktor aufweisenden unteren Schichten die auftreffende Wärmestrahlung, so daß durch die unterschiedlichen Emissions- bzw. Reflexionsfaktoren der einzelnen Schichten des Strahlungsschirmes die Grundplatte bestmöglich zur Ofenkammer hin isoliert ist.In a preferred embodiment of the holder Radiation shield constructed in several layers so that an uppermost, the Layer facing the furnace chamber has the highest possible emission factor for heat radiation, and the lower layers one lowest possible emission factor for thermal radiation exhibit. With this multilayer structure of the radiation shield reflect those having a low heat emission factor lower layers the incident heat radiation, so that due to the different emission and reflection factors the base plate of the individual layers of the radiation shield is insulated as far as possible from the furnace chamber.
Um eine ausreichende Emission der Wärmestrahlung zu gewährleisten, weist die der Ofenkammer zugewandte Oberfläche des Strahlungsschirmes einen Wärmeemissionsfaktor von 0,8 bis 1,0, vorzugsweise 0,9 auf. Als geeignete Materialien für die der Ofenkammer zugewandte Oberfläche des Strahlungsschirmes haben sich beispielsweise polierte Metalloberflächen, Graphit oder carbonfaserverstärkter Graphit (CFC) bewährt. Die Schichtdicke der Oberfläche des Strahlungsschirmes beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 2,5 mm. Durch diese geringe Schichtdicke der Oberfläche des Strahlungsschirmes wird die aufzunehmende Energiemenge begrenzt. Die minimale Dicke wird durch die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Materialien begrenzt, da diese gegen die mechanischen Kräfte bei der Gasströmung in der Kühlphase beständig sein müssen. Neben der Verwendung von polierten Metalloberflächen haben sich insbesondere Graphit und CFC aufgrund ihrer langen Lebensdauer bewährt. Darüber hinaus zeichnen sich Graphit und CFC durch einen geringen Abrieb aus, wodurch Verschmutzungen des Ofeninnenraums mit abgelösten Partikeln vermieden werden.To ensure adequate emission of heat radiation, has the surface of the radiation shield facing the furnace chamber a heat emission factor of 0.8 to 1.0, preferably 0.9 on. Suitable materials for the furnace chamber facing surface of the radiation shield have for example polished metal surfaces, graphite or Carbon fiber reinforced graphite (CFC) proven. The layer thickness the surface of the radiation shield is preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 mm. Due to this small layer thickness The surface of the radiation shield is the amount of energy to be absorbed limited. The minimum thickness is determined by the mechanical Properties of the materials limited, as these against the mechanical forces in the gas flow in the cooling phase resistant have to be. In addition to the use of polished Metal surfaces have graphite and CFC in particular proven due to its long lifespan. Beyond drawing graphite and CFC are characterized by low abrasion, which means that Contamination of the furnace interior with detached particles be avoided.
Die Wärmeemissionsfaktoren der unteren Schichten des mehrlagigen Strahlungsschirmes liegen vorzugsweise zwischen 0,03 und 0,3. Zur Erzielung einer möglichst kurzen Ubergangszone am Werkstück werden für die unteren Schichten des Strahlungsschirmes dünne Metallbleche oder Metallfolien mit einer Schichtdicke von 0,03 bis 0,5 mm verwendet. Da die unteren Schichten aus sehr dünnen Blechen oder Folien bestehen, ist es um so wichtiger, daß die oberste Schicht eine hohe Beständigkeit gegenüber der Gasströmung aufweist, da diese Schicht gleichzeitig als Schutzschicht für die dünnen unteren Schichten dient.The heat emission factors of the lower layers of the multilayer Radiation shield are preferably between 0.03 and 0.3. To achieve the shortest possible transition zone on the workpiece are for the lower layers of the radiation shield thin metal sheets or metal foils with a layer thickness of 0.03 to 0.5 mm used. Because the lower layers are made of very thin sheets or foils, it is all the more important that the top layer has a high resistance to the Has gas flow, since this layer simultaneously as Protective layer serves for the thin lower layers.
Um die Wärmeleitung zwischen den einzelnen Schichten des Strahlungsschirmes bzw. dem Strahlungsschirm und der Grundplatte zu verringern, können Isolierspalte oder Isolierschichten zwischen den einzelnen Schichten angeordnet sein. Während die Isolierschichten beispielsweise aus Keramik bestehen, sind die Isolierspalte einfache Abstände zwischen den Schichten, die beispielsweise durch ein welliges Aufbringen der einzelnen Schichten aufeinander entstehen.The heat conduction between the individual layers of the radiation shield or the radiation shield and the base plate can reduce insulation gaps or insulation layers between the individual layers. While the insulation layers consist of ceramic, for example, are the insulating gaps simple distances between layers, for example through a wavy application of the individual layers arise on each other.
Das Material der einzelnen Schichten des Strahlungsschirmes ist so zu wählen, daß dieses Material einen Sättigungsdampfdruck aufweist, der niedriger ist als der Arbeitsdruck des Ofens, da Dampfablagerungen auf den Oberflächen der Schichten deren Emissions- bzw. Reflexionseigenschaften stark beeinträchtigen können.The material of the individual layers of the radiation shield is so choose that this material has a saturation vapor pressure which is lower than the working pressure of the furnace, because Vapor deposits on the surfaces of the layers whose emission or can significantly impair reflection properties.
Um bei einem mehrlagigen Strahlungsschirm eine bestmögliche Abschirmung der Grundplatte gegenüber der Wärmestrahlung zu erzielen, können die einzelnen Schichten aus verschiedenen Materialien bestehen. Durch die Verwendung eines jeweils anderen Materials für jede Schicht ist es möglich, die Emissions- bzw. Reflexionseigenschaften verschiedener Materialien an einer jeweils gewünschten Stelle gezielt einzusetzen. Als Materialien haben sich Nickel und Nickellegierungen, wie beispielsweise Chrom-Nickel- und Kupfer-Nickellegierungen (Monel) als geeignet erwiesen, da sie einen niedrigen Sättigungsdampfdruck und einen niedrigen Wärmeemissionsfaktor aufweisen.In order to achieve the best possible shielding with a multi-layer radiation shield the base plate against the heat radiation can achieve the individual layers of different materials consist. By using each other Material for each layer, it is possible to determine the emission or Reflective properties of different materials on one each the desired position. As materials have nickel and nickel alloys, such as Chromium-nickel and copper-nickel alloys (Monel) are suitable proven to have a low saturation vapor pressure and a have a low heat emission factor.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Halterung besteht der Strahlungsschirm aus einer oberen Schicht und drei unteren Schichten. Die Ausgestaltung mit einer dreilagigen Unterschicht hat sich als ausreichend erwiesen, wenn die Materialien mit ihren Emissions- bzw. Reflexionsfaktoren gut aufeinander abgestimmt sind. Eine solche Materialkombination ergibt sich beispielsweise bei der Verwendung von Schichten aus Nickel, Kupfer und Aluminium. Bei dieser Kombination wird die Grundplatte durch die dreilagige Unterschicht weitestgehend von der Wärmestrahlung abgeschirmt, wodurch die Werkstücke nur eine kurze Übergangszone aufweisen, da der Strahlungsschirm aus nur wenigen und darüber hinaus sehr dünnen Schichten besteht.In a preferred embodiment of an inventive Bracket, the radiation shield consists of an upper layer and three lower layers. The design with a three-layer Underclass has proven to be sufficient if the Materials with their emission and reflection factors are good are coordinated. Such a combination of materials results from the use of layers, for example Nickel, copper and aluminum. With this combination the Base plate thanks to the three-layer underlayer largely from shielded from heat radiation, making the workpieces only one have a short transition zone because the radiation shield is made of only few and also very thin layers.
Um bei der Verwendung eines Strahlungsschirmes mit einer Oberfläche aus Graphit oder CFC ein Aufkohlen durch einen Kontakt zwischen metallischem Werkstück und der Oberfläche des Strahlungsschirms zu verhindern, weist das Lochmaß des Strahlungsschirmes zur Aufnahme der Werkstücke einen größeren Durchmesser auf als das Lochmaß der Grundplatte.To when using a radiation shield with a surface carburizing from graphite or CFC through a contact between metallic workpiece and the surface of the Preventing the radiation shield has the hole dimension of the Radiation shield for receiving the workpieces a larger one Diameter on than the hole dimension of the base plate.
Zur Befestigung des Strahlungsschirmes an der Grundplatte wird vorgeschlagen, ein Material zu verwenden, das beim Kontakt mit Graphit oder CFC nicht aufkohlt. Als geeignete Materialien für diese Befestigungselemente haben sich beispielsweise Molybdän und Tantal erwiesen.To attach the radiation shield to the base plate suggested using a material that when in contact with Graphite or CFC does not carburize. As suitable materials for these fasteners have, for example, molybdenum and tantalum proved.
Schließlich wird vorgeschlagen, daß die unter der Grundplatte angeordnete Bodenplatte höhenverstellbar angeordnet ist, um bei verschieden langen Werkstücken die Ubergangszone zwischen gehärtetem Arbeitsbereich und nicht gehärtetem Einspannbereich an der gewünschten Stelle einstellen zu können.Finally, it is suggested that the under the base plate arranged base plate is arranged to be adjustable in height workpieces of different lengths the transition zone between hardened Work area and not hardened clamping area on the desired position.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Halterung zur partiellen Wärmebehandlung von Werkzeugen wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. In dieser zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- einen ausschnittweisen Längsschnitt durch eine Ofenkammer mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Halterung und
- Fig. 2
- einen vergrößerten Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Halterung entlang der Schnittlinie II-II gemäß Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1
- a fragmentary longitudinal section through an oven chamber with a holder according to the invention and
- Fig. 2
- 2 shows an enlarged cross section through a holder according to the invention along the section line II-II according to FIG. 1.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Ofenkammer 1 eines Vakuumkammerofens, welche
nach außen mit einer Isolierung 2 versehen ist und im Inneren
über Heizelemente 3 beheizt wird. In der Ofenkammer 1 befindet
sich eine Halterung 4 zur Aufnahme von Werkstücken 5, die in der
Ofenkammer 1 einer partiellen Wärmebehandlung unterzogen werden
sollen.1 shows a
Die Halterung 4 zur Aufnahme der Werkstücke 5 besteht aus einem
Grundgestell 6, einer Bodenplatte 7 und einer mit Bohrungen 8
versehenen Grundplatte 9. Die Werkstücke 5 sind so in die Halterung
4 eingesetzt, daß sie mit einem nicht zu härtenden Einspannbereich
10 auf der Bodenplatte 7 aufstehend von der Bohrung
8 der Grundplatte 9 geführt werden und mit ihrem zu härtenden
Arbeitsbereich 11 in die beheizbare Ofenkammer 1 hineinragen.The
Um die Grundplatte 9 gegenüber der Ofenkammer 1 zu isolieren,
weist die Grundplatte 9 auf der der Ofenkammer 1 zugewandten
Seite einen Strahlungsschirm 12 auf, dessen Oberfläche 13 so beschaffen
ist, daß sie die auftreffende Wärmestrahlung zuerst absorbiert
und anschließend wieder zur Ofenkammer 1 hin emittiert,
wodurch eine homogene Temperaturverteilung in der Ofenkammer 1
ermöglicht wird.In order to isolate the
Fig. 2 zeigt einen vergrößerten Querschnitt durch die Grundplatte
9 mit einem darauf angeordneten Strahlungsschirm 12. Bei diesem
Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Strahlungsschirm mehrlagig ausgebildet.
Unter der Schicht 14 mit der den großen Wärmeemissionsfaktor
aufweisenden Oberfläche 13 sind drei weitere Schichten
15 mit einem jeweils sehr kleinen Wärmeemissionsfaktor angeordnet.
Die einzelnen Schichten 15 sind durch Isolierspalte 16
voneinander getrennt, welche durch ein welliges Verlegen der
Schichten 15 erzeugt werden. Die einzelnen Schichten 15 liegen
in diesem Fall nur an einzelnen Berührungsstellen 17 aufeinander,
so daß keine Wärmeleitung zwischen den einzelnen Schichten
15 stattfinden kann.Fig. 2 shows an enlarged cross section through the
Um einen dauerhaften Halt zwischen dem Strahlungsschirm und der
Grundplatte 9 auch bei der hohen mechanischen Belastung während
der Gasabschreckung zu gewährleisten, sind Befestigungselemente
18 vorgesehen, die den Strahlungsschirm 12 mit der Grundplatte 9
verbinden.To ensure a permanent hold between the radiation shield and the
Beim Betrieb des Vakuumkammerofens erhitzen die Heizelemente 3
die Ofenkammer 1 auf die Betriebstemperatur von etwa 1.200°. Um
im Werkstück 5 eine möglichst kurze Übergangszone zwischen zu
härtendem Arbeitsbereich 11 und nicht zu härtendem Einspannbereich
10 zu erhalten ist es wichtig, daß sich die Grundplatte 9
der Halterung 4, welche das Werkstück 5 führt nicht zu stark erwärmt,
damit der von der Grundplatte 9 geführte Einspannbereich
10 nicht bis auf die Umwandlungstemperatur erwärmt wird. Zur
Isolierung der Grundplatte 9 gegenüber der Wärmestrahlung in der
Ofenkammer 1 ist die Grundplatte 9 ofenkammerseitig mit einem
Strahlungsschirm 12 versehen. Der Strahlungsschirm 12 verhindert
ein übermäßiges Erwärmen der Grundplatte 9 und somit des in der
Grundplatte 9 geführten Einspannbereiches 10 des Werkstückes 5.
Aufgrund des Aufbaus des Strahlungsschirmes 12 aus einer oder
mehreren dünnen Folien bestehenden Schichten 14, 15 ist es möglich,
daß die Ubergangszone im Werkstück 5 sehr klein ist. Zum
Einstellen der genauen Lage der Übergangszone zwischen Einspannbereich
10 und Arbeitsbereich 11 verschieden langer Werkstücke 5
ist die Bodenplatte 7 höhenverstellbar in dem Grundgestell 6 der
Halterung 4 angeordnet. When the vacuum chamber furnace is in operation, the
- 11
- OfenkammerFurnace chamber
- 22nd
- Isolierunginsulation
- 33rd
- HeizelementHeating element
- 44th
- Halterungbracket
- 55
- Werkstückworkpiece
- 66
- GrundgestellBase frame
- 77
- BodenplatteBase plate
- 88th
- Bohrungdrilling
- 99
- GrundplatteBase plate
- 1010th
- EinspannbereichClamping area
- 1111
- ArbeitsbereichWorkspace
- 1212th
- StrahlungsschirmRadiation shield
- 1313
- Oberflächesurface
- 1414
- Schicht (obere)Layer (upper)
- 1515
- Schicht (untere)Lower layer
- 1616
- IsolierspaltInsulating gap
- 1717th
- BerührungspunktPoint of contact
- 1818th
- BefestigungselementFastener
Claims (18)
- Holding means for the partial heat treatment of tools having a clamping region and a work region, especially drills, in furnaces, especially vacuum chamber furnaces with pressurised gas cooling, wherein the tools standing up on a bottom plate (7) are guided by a perforated base plate (9) and the base plate (9) is provided with a radiation screen (12) screening it from the furnace chamber (1),
characterised in that the side of the surface (13) of the radiation screen (12) facing the furnace chamber (1) has a high emission factor for heat radiation of 0,8 to 1,0 and that the radiation screen (12) is arranged directly on the base plate (9). - Holding means according to claim 1,
characterised in that the radiation screen (12) is composed of several layers, that the surface (13) of one of the layers (14) facing the furnace chamber (1) has an emission factor for heat radiation of 0,8 to 1,0, preferably 0,9 and that lower layers (15) have a lower emission factor for heat radiation of 0,03 to 0,3. - Holding means according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the layer (14) of the radiation screen (12) facing the furnace chamber (1) consists of polished metal, graphite or carbon fibre reinforced graphite (CFC).
- Holding means according to one of the claims 1 or 2,
characterised in that the layer (14) of the radiation screen (14) facing the furnace chamber (1) has a thickness of 0,5 to 2,5 mm. - Holding means according to claim 2,
characterised in that the lower layers (15) of the multi-layer radiation screen (12) are constructed of thin sheet metal or metal foil. - Holding means according to claim 5,
characterised in that the lower layers (15) of the multi-layer radiation screen (12) have a layer thickness of 0,03 to 0,5 mm. - Holding means according to claim 2,
characterised in that between the lower layers (15) of the multi-layer radiation screen (12) are arranged insulation gaps (16) or insulation layers. - Holding means according to claim 7,
characterised in that the insulation layers consist of ceramic material. - Holding means according to claim 7,
characterised in that the insulation gaps (16) are produced as a result of the fact that the lower layers (15) rest on top of each other only at particular contact points (17). - Holding means according to claim 2,
characterised in that the material of the lower layers (15) has a saturated steam pressure which is lower than the operating pressure of the furnace. - Holding means according to claim 2,
characterised in that the lower layers (15) consist of nickel or nickel alloys. - Holding means according to claim 11,
characterised in that for the lower layers (15) chromium-nickel alloys or copper-nickel alloys (Monel) are used in place of the nickel alloys. - Holding means according to claim 2,
characterised in that the radiation screen (12) consists of an upper layer (14) and three lower layers (15). - Holding means according to claim 13,
characterised in that the lower layers (15) consist of nickel, copper and aluminium. - Holding means according to claim 1,
characterised in that the diameter of the drillings (8) for receiving the workpieces (5) in the radiation screen (12) are larger than the diameters of the drillings (8) in the base plate (9). - Holding means according to claim 1,
characterised in that the radiation screen (12) is connected to the base place (9) by means of a fastening element (18). - Holding means according to claim 16,
characterised in that the fastening element (18) consists of molybdenum or tantalum. - Holding means according to claim 1,
characterised in that the base plate (7) is arranged height adjustably in a base frame (6).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9301293U DE9301293U1 (en) | 1993-01-30 | 1993-01-30 | Holder for partial heat treatment of tools |
| DE9301293U | 1993-01-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0609492A1 EP0609492A1 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
| EP0609492B1 true EP0609492B1 (en) | 1998-08-26 |
Family
ID=6888792
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93114885A Expired - Lifetime EP0609492B1 (en) | 1993-01-30 | 1993-09-16 | Holder plate for the partial heat treatment of articles |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5417567A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0609492B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE170227T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE9301293U1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19747257C2 (en) * | 1997-10-25 | 2001-04-26 | Geesthacht Gkss Forschung | Device for encapsulating blanks made of high-temperature metallic alloys |
| US20030056864A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-03-27 | Razavi Seyed Hossein | Method for age-hardening of a superalloy |
| DE10356679A1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-07-21 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Process and apparatus for coating or heat treating BLISK aircraft gas turbine disks |
| CN1322148C (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2007-06-20 | 上海汽车股份有限公司 | Quenching for material rack by high pressure gas |
| US9097463B2 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2015-08-04 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Housing for heating and use method of the same, heating jig and use method of the same, and operation method of heating device |
| JP6500873B2 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2019-04-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vacuum insulation structure |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT279190B (en) * | 1968-01-05 | 1970-02-25 | Plansee Metallwerk | Blast protection body for high temperature furnaces |
| GB1471430A (en) * | 1974-11-14 | 1977-04-27 | Kortvelyessy L | High-temperature heat insulation shield |
| SE390759B (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1977-01-17 | Asea Ab | CYLINDER-SHAPED ELEGANT OVEN FOR HANDLING MATERIAL AT HIGH TEMPERATURE IN A GAS AUTHOSPER UNDER HIGH PRESSURE |
| SE426663B (en) * | 1979-12-05 | 1983-02-07 | Asea Ab | VERTICAL OVEN FOR ISOSTATIC HEAT PRESSURE WITH HEAT INSULATION |
| DE3111218A1 (en) * | 1981-03-21 | 1982-12-16 | Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve | OVEN FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF DRILLS |
| US4512737A (en) * | 1983-05-23 | 1985-04-23 | Vacuum Furnace Systems Corporation | Hot zone arrangement for use in a vacuum furnace |
| DE3934103A1 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-04-25 | Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh | OVEN FOR PARTIAL HEAT TREATMENT OF TOOLS |
| JPH04227470A (en) * | 1990-06-05 | 1992-08-17 | Arthur Pfeiffer Vakuumtech Wetzlar Gmbh | Closing device in heat treatment equipment |
-
1993
- 1993-01-30 DE DE9301293U patent/DE9301293U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-16 AT AT93114885T patent/ATE170227T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-16 DE DE59308929T patent/DE59308929D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-16 EP EP93114885A patent/EP0609492B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-03 US US08/161,927 patent/US5417567A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE170227T1 (en) | 1998-09-15 |
| US5417567A (en) | 1995-05-23 |
| DE59308929D1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
| DE9301293U1 (en) | 1993-03-11 |
| EP0609492A1 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
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