Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
  • B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
  • B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/704—Crystalline
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
  • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
  • B32B2317/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2333/00—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
  • B32B2333/04—Polymers of esters
  • B32B2333/08—Polymers of acrylic acid esters, e.g. PMA, i.e. polymethylacrylate

Definitions

• the invention relates to an absorbent laminate. More particularly, but not exclusively, the invention relates to an absorbent laminate which may be used for example to line a litter tray arranged under the perforated floor of an animal cage for the absorption of urine and the like. Other possible uses include the absorption of chemicals.
• an absorbent laminate as a lining for a litter tray below an animal cage formed with a perforated floor for the absorption of urine and the like and which consists of a layer of a highly absorbent material, e.g. cellulose, which may be of the kind known for use in human incontinence pads, and which may be impregnated with a super-absorbent material to enhance the liquid-carrying capacity of the layer.
• a highly absorbent material e.g. cellulose
• a super-absorbent material to enhance the liquid-carrying capacity of the layer.
• back the absorbent layer with a liquid impervious layer of, for example, a plastics material which has the function both of keeping the liquid material from contacting the surface of the supporting tray and of providing mechanical strength to the laminate whereby it can be removed as a single sheet from the tray after the laminate has become loaded with liquid.
• Disclosure of Invention It is an object of the invention to mitigate against the disadvantage of the known absorbent laminate.
• an absorbent laminate has a first outer layer comprising an absorbent material, an intermediate layer one face of which is in contact with and attached to one face of the first absorbent layer, the intermediate layer being effective to prevent or moderate liquid transmission therethrough and a second outer layer comprising an absorbent material and in contact with and attached to the other face of the intermediate layer.
• the intermediate layer comprises an adhesive which also serves the purpose of securing the first and second outer layers together.
• the first outer layer will comprise super absorbent crystals e.g.sodium polyacrylate
• the intermediate layer will be a cross-linked polyvinyl acetate adhesive
• the second outer layer will be used as the bottom layer and will be of an absorbent material such as blotting paper.
• a layer of non-woven cellulose tissue paper is preferably disposed on top of the super absorbent crystals forming part of the first outer layer and facilitating transmission of liquid thereto.
• the intermediate layer may be applied directly as a liquid on the second outer layer after which the crystals of super-absorbent are scattered on the wet adhesive so that they are retained by the adhesive layer and so that they project from the adhesive layer. A layer of tissue paper is then applied so that it becomes bonded to the adhesive.
• a soft roller is used to apply light pressure to the laminate to ensure intimate contact between the layers.
• the adhesive layer is not entirely covered by the crystals, as this would make it more difficult for the adhesive to bond to the layer of tissue especially bearing in mind that the adhesive layer must be thin so that the crystals are not entirely immersed in and coated with adhesive. If the crystals do cover 100% of the surface of the adhesive layer a patterned, e.g. knobbly, roller may be used to transmit localised pressure to some of the crystals forcing the adhesive in these local areas to the surface of the crystals so that the adhesive then bonds to the tissue layer.
• This manufacturing process has the virtue that no heat is required to produce the laminate, but if desired other adhesives, such as hot melt adhesives, could be used to form the intermediate layer.
• an absorbent laminate 1 particularly intended for use in lining a droppings tray disposed beneath the perforated floor of an animal cage and consisting of a first outer layer 2 of a liquid absorbent material, an intermediate layer 3 forming a liquid barrier, and a second outer layer 4 of liquid absorbent material disposed below the intermediate layer.
• the first outer layer 2 is super absorbent crystals, e.g. sodium polyacrylate, and the second outer layer 4 is of blotting paper.
• the intermediate layer 3 is of cross- linking polyvinyl acetate adhesive.
• a layer of tissue 5 e.g. toilet tissue, is disposed on top of the super absorbent crystals forming part of the first outer layer.
• the layer of super absorbent crystals 2 is a single layer and is arranged to cover 100% of the surface of the intermediate layer.
• the intermediate layer is thin so that the crystals project from the layer or at least so that they are not entirely immersed in and coated by the adhesive.
• a knobbly roller is then used to apply localised pressure to some of the crystals forcing adhesive to the surface in these local areas, to which adhesive the tissue layer then becomes bonded.
• tissue paper may be replaced by a more absorbent material e.g. blotting paper or the intermediate layer may be of a material such as polyethylene or water retardant paper.
• Industrial Applicability The embodiment of the invention particularly described with reference to the drawings thus provides a simple laminate which will provide improved performance compared to the known laminates.
• the laminate can be sterilised in an autoclave prior to use and can be disposed of after use by burning or composting.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26299705

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1992
  • 1992-10-13 WO PCT/GB1992/001874 patent/WO1993007965A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1992-10-13 AU AU27521/92A patent/AU2752192A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-10-13 EP EP92921231A patent/EP0608292A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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