EP0607153A4 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0607153A4
EP0607153A4 EP19920914865 EP92914865A EP0607153A4 EP 0607153 A4 EP0607153 A4 EP 0607153A4 EP 19920914865 EP19920914865 EP 19920914865 EP 92914865 A EP92914865 A EP 92914865A EP 0607153 A4 EP0607153 A4 EP 0607153A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
wastewater
water
contents
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19920914865
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
EP0607153A1 (en
Inventor
James A Mason
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/763,185 external-priority patent/US5122282A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0607153A1 publication Critical patent/EP0607153A1/en
Publication of EP0607153A4 publication Critical patent/EP0607153A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for disinfecting water and/or wastewater with various chlorine containing compounds and/or chlorine, and for the production of chlorine containing compounds in concentrations suitable for use as an oxidizing and disinfecting agent in various industrial processes, more particularly, for treating and disinfecting water and/or wastewater.
  • chlorine containing compounds may be used as an oxidizing and/or disinfecting agent
  • exemplary industrial processes where chlorine containing compounds may be used as an oxidizing and/or disinfecting agent include use as a whitening agent in the paper industry and as a water treatment chemical in the oil recovery industry; additionally, other industries where this invention may be useful include chicken and turkey processing, seafood processing including fish and shrimp, vegetable and fruit processing, for removing E S and sulfur from wastewater from the mining of silver, gold and other metals and precious metals, for both domestic and industrial wastewater, waters used in cooling towers and the like, for both domestic and industrial freshwater supply, beef and pork rendering, biomedical wastes and for removing H S from natural gas and crude oil wells.
  • Mason in U.S. Patent No. 4,968,501, described a novel method of using chlorous acid to remove sulfur dioxide from exhaust combustion gases. Mason, in U.S. Patent No. 4,801,353, described a method of bleaching wood pulp using an aqueous solution containing a salt of lactic acid and chlorous acid.
  • Typical chlorine contact chambers are constructed of either metal, such as steel, fiberglass, or concrete. They are normally open chambers and mixing may be provided by
  • One of the primary objectives and advantages of the present invention is that it allows for the formation of chlorine dioxide in an aqueous solution using bulk quantity reactants which allows for the production of a source of the chlorine dioxide off site rather than on-site at the particular industrial installation of importance. Off site production capability is important because it allows for a much safer generating process for chlorine dioxide whereby the risk of fire and explosion are minimized. It is anticipated that the solutions containing chlorine dioxide would be shipped to the plant site by, e.g., tank truck or railway tank car. Furthermore, the present invention allows for the mixing and formation of the chlorine dioxide in an aqueous solution involving bulk quantities and mixing ratios which are extremely simple and basic whereby more or less generally lesser-trained personnel can accomplish the production of the chlorine dioxide. This method allows for the delivery of a source of chlorine dioxide to a plant site by merely transporting an aqueous solution which is not now done because chlorine dioxide can not be safely transported and therefore is now generally generated on-site.
  • a method of forming chlorine dioxide in an aqueous solution from the reaction of an organic hydroxy acid or carboxylic acid with a chlorite of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to yield a salt of the organic acid and chlorous acid is carried out at a pH less than about 7 and at a temperature of less than about 120° F (48.9°C), generally in the range of approximately, 60° F (15.6°C) to 80° F (26.7°C) most preferably at about 62° F (16.7°C).
  • the aqueous solution is carried out at a pH less than about 7 and at a temperature of less than about 120° F (48.9°C), generally in the range of approximately, 60° F (15.6°C) to 80° F (26.7°C) most preferably at about 62° F (16.7°C).
  • SUBSTITUTESHEET containing chlorine dioxide formed from the aforementioned reaction is stable and can be safely transported by common carrier, e.g., tank truck or railway tank car, to the plant site.
  • common carrier e.g., tank truck or railway tank car
  • solutions made by mixing different organic acids, including lactic, citric, malic and tartaric acid, with sodium chlorite retained their concentrations within plus or minus 2% for at least 30 days .
  • the aforementioned reaction initiates a chain of reactions leading to the production of chlorine dioxide which is believed to be a central chemical agent of the present invention which makes it effective for the treatment and disinfection of water and/or wastewater.
  • These further reactions generally, involve the oxidation of various organic compounds or destruction of pathogens by either chlorous acid, chlorine dioxide or chlorine gas and will be further described by use of chemical equations in a following section of this specification.
  • aqueous solutions containing the chlorine compounds are then injected, mixed with or contacted with water and/or wastewater in some type of container, conduit, pipe, chamber, vessel or other enclosed space or cavity so that the chlorine compounds become thoroughly mixed with the water and/or wastewater for sufficient time so that treatment and disinfection of the water and/or wastewater occurs.
  • chlorine, chlorine gas, ozone and/or chlorine dioxide made by any method and other disinfectants in conjunction with the present invention.
  • a key element of the present invention concerns the construction and operation of the container, chamber or vessel wherein the chlorine compounds are contacted with the water and/or wastewater.
  • the chamber or other enclosed space may be constructed and operated so that it provides an airtight or sealed chamber for a period of time effective or sufficient for the treatment and
  • the chamber may be constructed and operated so that the surface of the water and/or wastewater contained therein is under atmospheric pressure or a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. It is believed that having the chamber be airtight or under a pressure greater than atmospheric is partially responsible for the unexpectedly rapid and high levels of treatment and/or disinfection resulting from the present invention, probably due to the fact that the individual molecules of the chlorine, chlorine dioxide and/or chlorine containing compounds are prevented and/or minimized from escaping from the water and/or wastewater, and held in close contact with the individual molecules of the water and/or wastewater. The increased pressures may also cause a greater amount of the chlorine, chlorine dioxide and/or chlorine containing compounds to dissolve in the water and/or wastewater.
  • means for increasing the pressure on the surface of the water and/or wastewater in the contact chamber to greater than atmospheric would include (1) sizing and/or valving the exit or effluent outlet orifice for less flow than the entrance or influent orifice, (2) using some type of mechanical means such as a pump to put pressure on the contact chamber, and (3) elevating the effluent outlet line to an elevation above the contact chamber. It is believed that pressures in the range of about 1 to about 2 atmospheres are preferable to insure rapid and efficient treatment and yet be compatible with existing structures and construction techniques. Also, note that the pressure may vary due to the diurnal flow variation.
  • contact, detention or residence times in the contact chamber in the range of about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes are preferable. Note that these very short contact times are an unexpected result and advantage of the present invention. Longer detention times could be used, however the costs of constructing the contact chamber would increase.
  • the chlorine containing compounds produced and used by the method of the present invention are intended for use as a bactericide to inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microbes and pathogens found in water and/or wastewater in order to make it potable or to disinfect it as the case may be. It is also intended to remove color, odor, taste, iron, manganese and hydrogen ⁇ ulfides that may be present in the water and/or wastewater. For example, such problems may be cause by algae, phenols and/or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
  • a particular advantage of the present invention is that the production for trihalomethane, other undesirable polychlorinated hydrocarbons such as dioxins, and chlorates and chlorites are minimized and/or eliminated.
  • organic acids mentioned i this specification may include lactic, citric, tartaric malic, oxalic, glycolic and mandelic acids and/or othe organic hydroxy acids and carboxylic acids.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of one exemplar embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a secon exemplary embodiment using the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a third exemplar embodiment of the present invention drawn in non-scal elevation.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of one type o mixing chamber.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a second type o mixing chamber using non-mechanical mixing means shown as plan view.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of another exemplar embodiment of applicant's invention.
  • CO m I acid may be suostituted for lactic acid.
  • reaction 2.b. is not desirable, but it will occur simultaneously with reaction 3., but not necessarily at the same rate.
  • Chlorine reaction with organics or Inorganics is generally thought to be primarily an Oxidation as follows:
  • the above reactions are carried out at a pH less than 7.
  • the reactants and reactions are produced b mixing bulk quantities of sodium chlorite and certain organi acids.
  • citric, malic, tartaric, glycolic, oxalic an mandelic acids may be substituted for the lactic acid t produce a salt of the organic acid and chlorous acid in a aqueous solution.
  • the above reaction Number 1. is accomplished by mixin the reactants together at atmospheric pressure in an aqueou solution with the water temperature being approximately 62° (16.7°C) being in the range of about 60° F (15.6°C) to abou 80° F (26.7°C).
  • the higher water temperatures nearing abou 80° F (26.7°C) can be used if necessary to increase th reaction speed. Higher water temperatures may be feasible.
  • the aqueous solutions of the chlorine containin compounds produced by the aforementioned reactions may b prepared according to the following steps: (a) a firs solution is formed by adding an organic acid into the water in a reaction vessel; (b) thereafter the first solution is mixe by stirring; (c) a second solution is then formed b introducing sodium chlorite into the first solution, this addition being followed by additional mixing; (d) the secon solution is then stirred and mixed.
  • a firs solution is formed by adding an organic acid into the water in a reaction vessel;
  • a second solution is then formed b introducing sodium chlorite into the first solution, this addition being followed by additional mixing;
  • the secon solution is then stirred and mixed.
  • the chlorine containing compounds formed by these reaction steps is known to be very stable as aforementioned. It is believed that the aforementioned steps for producing the chlorine containing compounds are critical in order to assure that the mixtures have all of the properties of the present invention.
  • SUBSTITUTESHEET chlorine it is further believed that the powerful oxidation and/or disinfection nature and characteristics of the present invention is due to a mixture of these compounds acting either jointly or singularly, or, acting as a mixture of these chemical substances.
  • aqueous solutions containing the chlorine compounds are then injected, mixed with or contacted with water and/or wastewater in some type of container, conduit, pipe, chamber, vessel or other enclosed space or cavity so that the chlorine compounds become thoroughly mixed with the water and/or wastewater for sufficient time so that treatment and disinfection of the water and/or wastewater occurs.
  • aqueous solution of the chlorine containing substances would normally be injected following the typical primary, secondary or tertiary water and/or wastewater treatment system, i.e., where final chlorination is normally accomplished.
  • Other points of injection are possible also, e.g., prior to primary sedimentation.
  • the above reactions produces aqueous solutions containing very hig concentrations of chlorine dioxide ranging from generally about 4,000 ppm to about 80,000 pp . Furthermore, the chlorine dioxide produced by the present invention appears to have more oxidizing and pathogen destroying power on a per unit basis than chlorine dioxide produced by other methods. Mixtures of about 4,000 ppm to about 6,000 ppm chlorine dioxide commonly occur in these solutions.
  • FIG.1 one exemplary schematic embodiment for using the present invention to treat or disinfect water and/or wastewater is shown.
  • the influent line or inlet line to the contact chamber is shown with the contact chamber, or mixing vessel 13.
  • the effluent discharge line or outlet line is shown at 15. Note that the pressure of the contents of the mixing vessel may be greater than about one atmosphere and that the detention time is about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes. However, the present invention would function, i.e., oxidize or disinfect, if the detention times were increased, e.g., in
  • SUBSTITUTESHEET the range of about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes or longer. However, the costs of construction would increase.
  • means for increasing the pressure on the surface of the water and/or wastewater in the contact chamber to a pressure greater than atmospheric could include sizing and/or valving the exit or effluent outlet line, 15, so that it could carry less flow than the entrance or influent line, 11.
  • some type of mechanical means e.g., a pump, could be used at, 17, to put pressure on the influent line or the contact chamber.
  • the elevation of the effluent line with respect to the mixing vessel could be designed to cause a greater than atmospheric pressure to be exerted on the liquids contained therein.
  • aqueous solution could alternatively be injected into the influent line, 11, either through the single line 12 or into the chamber, 13, through the single line 14; or, it might be possible to inject the aqueous solution through line 16 into the effluent line 15, if the effluent line were long enough to provide adequate detention time and acceptable mixing.
  • FIG. 2 a second exemplary schematic embodiment for using the present invention to treat or disinfect water and/or wastewater is shown.
  • Fig. 2 is merely a series of more than one contact chamber using the teachings of the present invention.
  • the influent line to the series of chambers is shown with greater than one chamber being shown at 21.
  • Interconnecting piping between the chamber is shown at 23.
  • the effluent discharge line from the chambers is shown at 25.
  • the construction and operation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3 a third exemplary schematic embodiment of the present invention to treat or disinfect water and/or wastewater is shown.
  • the influent line to the contact chamber is shown with the chamber, 31.
  • the effluent discharge line is shown at 33.
  • the embodiment of Figure 3 has the influent line and effluent line designed to be constructed at certain elevations with respect to the contact chamber, 31, so that a pressure greater than atmospheric occurs on the
  • the elevation of the influent line, 27, at the point, 29, is greater than the elevation of the effluent line, 33, at the point 35; and, the elevation of the effluent line 33, at the point 35 is greater than the elevation of the contact chamber, 31, at the point 37.
  • the elevation at 29 is h. ; and, the elevation at 35 is h ? ; and, elevation at 37 is H_, then, H. greater than h_ greater than h ⁇ . It follows, according to the laws of physics, that the pressure on the liquid in the contact chamber, 31, would be greater than atmospheric pressure.
  • the differential elevation of the influent line, 27, over the elevation of the effluent line, 33 must be great enough so that a proper hydraulic gradient is maintained through the contact chamber in order that flow will occur from the direction of the influent line toward the effluent line because of hydraulic friction losses in the piping and appurtenances, i.e., the chamber must be taken into consideration in the design.
  • other possible configurations exist, e.g. , h.. greater than h_ — h_ or h, greater than h_ greater than h-, which would also cause the pressure on the liquid in the contact chamber to be greater than atmospheric.
  • elevation is used to mean the height to which something is elevated.
  • the aqueous solution containing the chlorine containing substances would be injected into the mixing vessel or contact chamber, i.e., in Figs. 1, 2, 3, these would be shown at 13, 21 and 31, respectively.
  • the aqueous solutions of the chlorine containing compounds could be injected into the influent lines respectively in Figures 1, 2 and 3 prior to the contact chamber itself.
  • mixing by hydraulic turbulence at or near the point of addition of the chlorine containing compounds to the water and/or wastewater is recommended if mechanical mixing is not used.
  • FIG 4 there is shown another type of contact chamber having mechanical mixing means.
  • the influent line, 39 is shown with the contact chamber, 41, and the effluent line, 43.
  • the mechanical mixing means is shown at 45.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown another type of contact chamber having a certain type of compartmentalization.
  • the influent line is shown at 47, with the contact chamber being at 49.
  • the effluent line is shown at 51.
  • the contact chamber is shown having compartmentalized partitions, 53, constructed in it so as to route the flow of water and/or wastewater through it in such a manner as to assure mixing.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a schematic exemplary embodiment of applicant's invention in somewhat of an operative connection.
  • an influent line, 55 to a contact chamber, 57, having an effluent line, 59.
  • a vessel, 61 which contains an aqueous solution of the chlorine containing compounds, connected to an influent pump, 63, through the connecting line, 65, connecting thereto alternatively to the influent line, 55, through the line 67 or alternatively, to the contact chamber, 57, through line 69.

Landscapes

  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
EP92914865A 1991-09-20 1992-06-12 Method and apparatus for treating water and/or wastewater Withdrawn EP0607153A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US763185 1991-09-20
US07/763,185 US5122282A (en) 1989-11-20 1991-09-20 Method for treating water and/or wastewater
PCT/US1992/005073 WO1993006048A1 (en) 1989-11-20 1992-06-12 Method and apparatus for treating water and/or wastewater

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0607153A1 EP0607153A1 (en) 1994-07-27
EP0607153A4 true EP0607153A4 (https=) 1994-08-31

Family

ID=25067110

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92914865A Withdrawn EP0607153A1 (en) 1991-09-20 1992-06-12 Method and apparatus for treating water and/or wastewater

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0607153A1 (https=)
JP (1) JPH07503398A (https=)
AU (2) AU2293592A (https=)
BR (1) BR9206519A (https=)
CA (1) CA2119455A1 (https=)
MX (1) MX9204981A (https=)
SI (1) SI9200214A (https=)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5171441A (en) * 1989-11-20 1992-12-15 Mason James A Apparatus for treating water and/or wastewater

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5171441A (en) * 1989-11-20 1992-12-15 Mason James A Apparatus for treating water and/or wastewater

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO9306048A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI9200214A (en) 1993-03-31
CA2119455A1 (en) 1993-04-01
AU1471197A (en) 1997-04-17
JPH07503398A (ja) 1995-04-13
BR9206519A (pt) 1995-10-24
MX9204981A (es) 1993-03-01
EP0607153A1 (en) 1994-07-27
AU2293592A (en) 1993-04-27

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