EP0606403A1 - Process for extracting seeds having a high germinative power from conifer cones - Google Patents

Process for extracting seeds having a high germinative power from conifer cones

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Publication number
EP0606403A1
EP0606403A1 EP93905075A EP93905075A EP0606403A1 EP 0606403 A1 EP0606403 A1 EP 0606403A1 EP 93905075 A EP93905075 A EP 93905075A EP 93905075 A EP93905075 A EP 93905075A EP 0606403 A1 EP0606403 A1 EP 0606403A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cones
seeds
catalase
blue light
yield
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP93905075A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Dr. Ebermann
Soudabeh A.A. Korori
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EBERMANN, ROBERT, DR.
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EBERMANN Robert Dr
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Publication date
Application filed by EBERMANN Robert Dr filed Critical EBERMANN Robert Dr
Publication of EP0606403A1 publication Critical patent/EP0606403A1/en
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for obtaining seeds with high germination capacity from the cones of conifers, in particular from the cones of larch (Larix decidua) and Sp., The pine (Pinus Sp.), The spruce (Picea abies) and Sp. , and the fir (Abies abies). These seeds are used extensively in the production of forest plants for reforestation and for planting parks and ornamental gardens.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that a large number of seeds are damaged when the cones are crushed, which results in a reduced germination capacity of the seeds.
  • the subject invention includes a method for seed production, in which the crushing step can be completely avoided, with an overall greatly improved yield and germination power of the seeds.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the cones are irradiated with light of the wavelengths of 400-750 nm, in particular with blue light. This irradiation with visible light facilitates the release of seeds and thus greatly increases the yield of released seeds. Particularly high yields are obtained when irradiated with blue light. Due to the gentle type of release, the seeds obtained by this method have a high germination capacity (70-95%). The seed release is considerably facilitated if small, 2-5 cm long branches remain connected to the cones. However, seed release is also possible from cones separated from the tree directly at the end of the cone (cone bottom) in very good yield.
  • the process can be improved further by treating the completely closed cones with the enzyme catalase, with solutions of calcium and potassium salts, and also with hydrogen peroxide to facilitate the release of seeds.
  • These additives can be used in various combinations. Pretreating the cones at low temperatures down to minus 20 ° C can also improve seed release. Which combination of the mentioned parameters leads to maximum seed release depends on the tree species from which the cones come. But also within the species the location of the trees has z. B. the altitude has a great influence on the combination of the treatments listed, which then lead to a maximum release of semen. For example, a cold shock for the release of seeds from the cones of larches of the high altitude (over 1400 m) is cheap, while for larches it is off
  • the light of the specified wavelengths acts on photoreceptors which have arisen from the degradation of plant pigments, in particular chlorophyll.
  • the positive effect on seed release, which can already be determined with white light, is greatly enhanced when blue light is used.
  • Spraying catalase solution on the closed cones further improves the yield of released seeds.
  • the enzyme catalase is to be seen in close connection with the intermediate hydrogen peroxide metabolism and therefore has a great influence on seed maturation and rest.
  • the catalase treatment also improves the germination capacity of the seeds.
  • An addition of the salts mentioned, in particular that of calcium, has an activating effect on various enzymes of the cones and the seed metabolism, as a result of which both the seed release and the germination capacity of the seeds are positively influenced.
  • the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at temperatures up to a maximum of 40 ° C.
  • the germination capacity of the seeds obtained was tested using the generally customary method.
  • Example i 1 kg of larch cones (Larix decidua) from deep lying trees are irradiated with blue light (25 watts) for 12 hours. The pins are moved on a vibrating screen. The temperature does not exceed 40 ° C. The released seeds fall through the holes in the sieve into an underlying container. Yield 60-75%. After 6 days, 75% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
  • Example 2 1 kg of larch cones (Larix decidua) deep beds are sprayed with a solution containing 3000 units of beef liver catalase per liter. The cones are then irradiated with blue light (25 W) on a vibrating sieve for 6 hours. The temperature does not exceed 40 ° C. Yield of released seeds: 90-95%. After 6 days, 85-90% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
  • REPLACEMENT LEAF Example 3 1 kg of larch cones are sprayed with a solution containing 3000 units of catalase and 0.074 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 6 hours. The temperature remains below 40 ° C throughout the exposure time. After 6 days, 85-95% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
  • Example 4 1 kg of larch cones are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase, 0.074 g of calcium hydroxide and 6 g of hydrogen peroxide per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 12 hours. The temperature remains below 40 ° C throughout the exposure time. Yield of released seeds 95-99%. After 6 days, 85-95% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
  • Example 5 1 kg of larch cones in the middle layer are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then irradiated with blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 6 hours. The temperature remains below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. 95% yield of released seeds. After 6 days, 85% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
  • Example 6 1 kg of larch cones of the high altitude (over 1300 m) are sprayed with a solution containing 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 12 hours. During this time, the temperature always stays below 40 ° C. Yield of released seeds 60-70%. After 6 days, 65-75% of the seeds thus obtained have germinated.
  • ER S ATZBLATT Example 7 1 kg of larch cones of the high altitude are stored at minus 20 ° C for one week. Then they are sprayed with a solution containing 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 12 hours. During this time the temperature always stays below 40 ° C. Yield of released seeds 70-80%. After 6 days, 70-80% of the seeds thus obtained have germinated.
  • Example 8 1 kg of pine cones (Pinus silvestris) from middle or low-lying trees are irradiated with blue light for 12 hours (25 W). The pins are on a vibrating screen. The temperature is kept below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. Yield of released seeds: 80%. After 8 days, 80% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
  • Example 9 1 kg of pine cones of the medium or low lying areas are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide or 0.15 g of calcium chloride per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 12 hours. The temperature is kept below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. 95% yield of released seeds. After 8 days, 85% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
  • Example 10 1 kg of pine cones from trees in the highlands are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then irradiated with blue light (25 W) on a vibrating sieve for 12 hours. The temperature is kept below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. The yield of released seeds is 75-85%. After 8 days, 70-90% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
  • Example 11 1 kg of cones of spruce (Picea abies) are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then irradiated with blue light (25 W) on a vibrating sieve for 5 hours. The temperature is kept below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. The yield of released seeds is 85-95%. After 6 days, 85-95% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

Selon un procédé d'extraction de graines à fort pouvoir germinatif des pommes de conifères, on expose les pommes à une lumière visible, notamment une lumière bleue, ce qui facilite la libération des graines. Avant leur irradiation, les pommes peuvent être traitées avec une solution de catalase, qui contient, le cas échéant, des sels de calcium et/ou de potassium et/ou du peroxyde d'hydrogène. Ce traitement permet d'augmenter davantage la quantité de graines libérées et d'améliorer le pouvoir germinatif des graines ainsi extraites.According to a method for extracting seeds with high germinative power from the apples of conifers, the apples are exposed to visible light, in particular blue light, which facilitates the release of the seeds. Prior to irradiation, apples may be treated with a catalase solution, which may contain calcium and/or potassium salts and/or hydrogen peroxide. This treatment makes it possible to further increase the quantity of seeds released and to improve the germination power of the seeds thus extracted.

Description

Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Samen hoher Keimfähigkeit aus den Process for the production of high germination seeds from the
Zapfen von KoniferenCones cones
i.i.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Samen mit hoher Keimfähigkeit aus den Zapfen von Koniferen, insbesondere aus den Zapfen der Lärche (Larix decidua) und Sp. , der Föhre (Pinus Sp.), der Fichte (Picea abies) und Sp. , und der Tanne (Abies abies) . Diese Samen finden ausgedehnte Anwendung bei der Produktion von Forstpflanzen für Aufforstungen und für die Bepflanzung von Parkanlagen und Ziergärten.The invention relates to a method for obtaining seeds with high germination capacity from the cones of conifers, in particular from the cones of larch (Larix decidua) and Sp., The pine (Pinus Sp.), The spruce (Picea abies) and Sp. , and the fir (Abies abies). These seeds are used extensively in the production of forest plants for reforestation and for planting parks and ornamental gardens.
Die rationelle Gewinnung dieser Samen aus den Zapfen der genannten Bauraarten stößt auch heute noch auf beträchtliche Schwierigkeiten. Ein wichtiger Schritt bei der Samengewinnung ist die Freisetzung der Samen aus den Zapfen. In der Natur erfolgt diese Freisetzung allmählich - in der technischen Produktion sollen alle Samen möglichst gleichzeitig freigesetzt werden. Die Tatsache, daß Samen durch Erwärmen auf 50°C, allerdings unter Beeinträchtigung der Keimfähigkeit, in den Zapfen gelockert werden, wird derzeit für die technische Gewinnung von Lärchen- und Föhrensamen benützt. Insgesamt gliedert sich das derzeit übliche technische Verfahren in mindestens zwei Schritte:The rational extraction of these seeds from the cones of the building types mentioned still encounters considerable difficulties today. An important step in the extraction of seeds is the release of the seeds from the cones. In nature, this release takes place gradually - in technical production, all seeds should be released as simultaneously as possible. The fact that seeds are loosened in the cones by heating to 50 ° C, but with impaired germination capacity, is currently used for the technical production of larch and pine seeds. Overall, the current technical process is divided into at least two steps:
1) Klengung durch Erwärmen der Zapfen auf die gewünschte Temperatur und Abtrennung der dabei ausfallenden Samen durch ein Rüttelsieb.1) Klengung by heating the cones to the desired temperature and separating the resulting seeds by a vibrating sieve.
2) Klengung durch Zerkleinern der Zapfen und Abtrennung und Reinigung der Samen durch verschiedene mechanische Verfahrensschritte (Sieben, indsichten, u.a.).2) Klengung by crushing the cones and separating and cleaning the seeds through various mechanical process steps (sieving, inspection, etc.).
ERSATZBLATT Durch diese Verfahren werden je nach Baumart und Standort Ausbeuten an Samen von 20-60% mit einer Keimkraft von 30-60% erhalten .REPLACEMENT LEAF Depending on the tree species and location, these processes yield 20-60% seed yields with a germination power of 30-60%.
Ein Nachteil dieses Verfahrens ist, daß eine große Zahl an Samen bei der Zerkleinerung der Zapfen beschädigt wird, woraus eine verminderte Keimfähigkeit der Samen resultiert. Die gegenständliche Erfindung beinhaltet ein Verfahren zur Samengewinnung, bei dem der Zerkleinerungsschritt gänzlich vermieden werden kann, bei insgesamt stark verbesserter Ausbeute und Keimkraft der Samen. Das Verfahren ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zapfen mit Licht der Wellenlängen von 400-750 nm, insbesondere mit blauem Licht bestrahlt werden. Durch diese Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht wird die Samenfreisetzung erleichtert und damit die Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen stark erhöht. Besonders hohe Ausbeuten werden bei der Bestrahlung mit blauem Licht erhalten. Durch die schonende Art der Freisetzung haben die nach diesem Verfahren gewonnenen Samen eine hohe Keimfähigkeit (70-95%) . Die Samenfreisetzung wird beträchtlich erleichtert, wenn kleine, 2-5 cm lange Aststücke mit den Zapfen verbunden bleiben. Die Samenfreisetzung gelingt jedoch auch aus direkt am Zapfenende (Zapfenboden) vom Baum getrennten Zapfen in sehr guter Ausbeute.A disadvantage of this method is that a large number of seeds are damaged when the cones are crushed, which results in a reduced germination capacity of the seeds. The subject invention includes a method for seed production, in which the crushing step can be completely avoided, with an overall greatly improved yield and germination power of the seeds. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the cones are irradiated with light of the wavelengths of 400-750 nm, in particular with blue light. This irradiation with visible light facilitates the release of seeds and thus greatly increases the yield of released seeds. Particularly high yields are obtained when irradiated with blue light. Due to the gentle type of release, the seeds obtained by this method have a high germination capacity (70-95%). The seed release is considerably facilitated if small, 2-5 cm long branches remain connected to the cones. However, seed release is also possible from cones separated from the tree directly at the end of the cone (cone bottom) in very good yield.
Das Verfahren kann noch verbessert werden, indem zur Erleichterung der Samenfreisetzung aus den vollkommen geschlossenen Zapfen letztere zusätzlich mit dem Enzym Katalase, mit Lösungen von Kalzium- und Kaliumsalzen, und auch mit Wasserstoffperoxid behandelt werden. Diese Zusätze können in diversen Kombinationen eingesetzt werden. Auch eine Vorbehandlung der Zapfen bei tiefen Temperaturen bis zu minus 20°C kann eine Verbesserung der Samenfreisetzung bewirken. Welche Kombination der erwähnten Parameter zu einer maximalen Samenfreisetzung führt, hängt von der Baumspezies ab, von der die Zapfen stammen. Aber auch innerhalb der Spezies hat der Standort der Bäume z. B. die Höhenlage großen Einfluß auf die zu wählende Kombination der angeführten Behandlungen, die dann zu einer maximalen Samenfreisetzung führen. So ist z.B ein Kälteschock für die Samenfreisetzung aus den Zapfen von Lärchen der Hochlage (über 1400 m) günstig, während bei Lärchen ausThe process can be improved further by treating the completely closed cones with the enzyme catalase, with solutions of calcium and potassium salts, and also with hydrogen peroxide to facilitate the release of seeds. These additives can be used in various combinations. Pretreating the cones at low temperatures down to minus 20 ° C can also improve seed release. Which combination of the mentioned parameters leads to maximum seed release depends on the tree species from which the cones come. But also within the species the location of the trees has z. B. the altitude has a great influence on the combination of the treatments listed, which then lead to a maximum release of semen. For example, a cold shock for the release of seeds from the cones of larches of the high altitude (over 1400 m) is cheap, while for larches it is off
ERSATZES LATT anderen Lagen eine solche Behandlung nur geringe Vorteile bringt.REPLACEMENT LATT other locations such treatment brings little benefit.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Bestrahlung wirkt das Licht der angegebenen Wellenlängen auf Photorezeptoren, die aus dem Abbau von Pflanzenpigmenten, insbesondere des Chlorophylls entstanden sind. Die schon mit Weißlicht feststellbare positive Wirkung auf die Samenfreisetzung verstärkt sich bei Anwendung von blauem Licht in hohem Maß. Das Aufsprühen von Katalaselösung auf die geschlossenen Zapfen verbessert weiters die Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen. Das Enzym Katalase ist in engem Zusammenhang mit dem intermediären Wasserstoffperoxid Stoffwechsel zu sehen und hat daher auch großen Einfluß auf Samenreifung und Samenruhe. Durch die Katalasebehandlung wird gleichzeitig die Keimfähigkeit der Samen verbessert. Ein Zusatz der genannten Salze besonders der des Kalziums wirkt aktivierend auf diverse Enzyme des Zapfens und des Samenstoffwechsels, wodurch sowohl die Samenfreisetzung als auch die Keimfähigkeit der Samen positiv beeinflußt werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird bevorzugt bei Temperaturen bis maximal 40°C durchgeführt.In the radiation according to the invention, the light of the specified wavelengths acts on photoreceptors which have arisen from the degradation of plant pigments, in particular chlorophyll. The positive effect on seed release, which can already be determined with white light, is greatly enhanced when blue light is used. Spraying catalase solution on the closed cones further improves the yield of released seeds. The enzyme catalase is to be seen in close connection with the intermediate hydrogen peroxide metabolism and therefore has a great influence on seed maturation and rest. The catalase treatment also improves the germination capacity of the seeds. An addition of the salts mentioned, in particular that of calcium, has an activating effect on various enzymes of the cones and the seed metabolism, as a result of which both the seed release and the germination capacity of the seeds are positively influenced. The process according to the invention is preferably carried out at temperatures up to a maximum of 40 ° C.
Im folgenden werden einige Beispiele zur Gewinnung von Samen aus den Zapfen der genannten Koniferen und deren Keimfähigkeit angegeben. Die Keimfähigkeit der gewonnenen Samen wurde nach der allgemein üblichen Methode getestet.The following are some examples of the extraction of seeds from the cones of the conifers mentioned and their germination capacity. The germination capacity of the seeds obtained was tested using the generally customary method.
Beispiel i: 1 kg Lärchenzapfen (Larix decidua) von Bäumen der Tiefläge werden mit Blaulicht (25 Watt) 12 Stunden bestrahlt. Dabei werden die Zapfen auf einem Rüttelsieb bewegt. Die Temperatur überschreitet dabei nicht 40°C. Die freigesetzten Samen fallen durch die Löcher des Siebes in einen darunter liegenden Behälter. Ausbeute 60-75% . Nach 6 Tagen sind 75% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.Example i: 1 kg of larch cones (Larix decidua) from deep lying trees are irradiated with blue light (25 watts) for 12 hours. The pins are moved on a vibrating screen. The temperature does not exceed 40 ° C. The released seeds fall through the holes in the sieve into an underlying container. Yield 60-75%. After 6 days, 75% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
Beispiel 2: 1 kg Lärchenzapfen (Larix decidua) Tiefläge werden mit einer Lösung, die 3000 Einheiten Katalase aus Rinderleber pro Liter enthält, besprüht. Danach werden die Zapfen auf einem Rüttelsieb mit Blaulicht (25 W) 6 Stunden bestrahlt. Die Temperatur überschreitet dabei nicht 40°C. Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen : 90-95%. Nach 6 Tagen sind 85- 90% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.Example 2: 1 kg of larch cones (Larix decidua) deep beds are sprayed with a solution containing 3000 units of beef liver catalase per liter. The cones are then irradiated with blue light (25 W) on a vibrating sieve for 6 hours. The temperature does not exceed 40 ° C. Yield of released seeds: 90-95%. After 6 days, 85-90% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
ERSATZBLATT Beispiel 3: 1 kg Lärchenzapfen Tiefläge werden mit einer Lösung, die 3000 Einheiten Katalase und 0.074 g Kalziumhydroxid pro Liter enthält, besprüht. Danach werden die Zapfen auf einem Rüttelsieb 6 Stunden mit Blaulicht (25 W) belichtet. Während der ganzen Belichtungszeit bleibt die Temperatur unter 40°C. Nach 6 Tagen sind 85-95% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.REPLACEMENT LEAF Example 3: 1 kg of larch cones are sprayed with a solution containing 3000 units of catalase and 0.074 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 6 hours. The temperature remains below 40 ° C throughout the exposure time. After 6 days, 85-95% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
Beispiel 4: 1 kg Lärchenzapfen werden mit einer Lösung, die 3000 Einheiten Katalase, 0.074g Kalziumhydroxid und 6g Wasserstoffperoxid im Liter enthält, besprüht. Danach werden die Zapfen mit Blaulicht (25 W) auf einem Rüttelsieb 12 Stunden belichtet. Während der ganzen Belichtungszeit bleibt die Temperatur unter 40°C. Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen 95-99%. Nach 6 Tagen sind 85-95% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.Example 4: 1 kg of larch cones are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase, 0.074 g of calcium hydroxide and 6 g of hydrogen peroxide per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 12 hours. The temperature remains below 40 ° C throughout the exposure time. Yield of released seeds 95-99%. After 6 days, 85-95% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
Beispiel 5: 1 kg Lärchenzapfen der Mittellage werden mit einer Lösung, die 3000 Einheiten Katalase und 0.1 g Kalziumhydroxid im Liter enthält, besprüht. Danach werden die Zapfen auf einem Rüttelsieb 6 Stunden mit Blaulicht (25 W) bestrahlt. Während der ganzen Belichtungsdauer bleibt die Temperatur unter 40°C. Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen 95%. Nach 6 Tagen sind 85% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.Example 5: 1 kg of larch cones in the middle layer are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then irradiated with blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 6 hours. The temperature remains below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. 95% yield of released seeds. After 6 days, 85% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
Beispiel 6: 1 kg Lärchenzapfen der Hochlage (über 1300 m) werden mit einer Lösung, die 3000 Einheiten Katalase und 0.1 g Kalziumhydroxid im Liter enthält, besprüht. Danach werden die Zapfen auf einem Rüttelsieb 12 Stunden mit Blaulicht (25 W) belichtet. Während dieser Zeit bleibt die Temperatur immer unter 40°C. Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen 60-70%. Nach 6 Tagen sind 65-75% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.Example 6: 1 kg of larch cones of the high altitude (over 1300 m) are sprayed with a solution containing 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 12 hours. During this time, the temperature always stays below 40 ° C. Yield of released seeds 60-70%. After 6 days, 65-75% of the seeds thus obtained have germinated.
ERSATZBLATT Beispiel 7: l kg Lärchenzapfen der Hochlage werden eine Woche bei minus 20°C gelagert. Anschließend werden sie mit einer Lösung, die 3000 Einheiten Katalase und 0.1 g Kalziumhydroxid pro Liter enthält, besprüht. Danach werden die Zapfen auf einem Rüttelsieb 12 Stunden mit Blaulicht (25 W) belichtet. Während dieser Zeit bleibt die Temperatur immer unter 40°C. Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen 70-80%. Nach 6 Tagen sind 70-80% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.ER S ATZBLATT Example 7: 1 kg of larch cones of the high altitude are stored at minus 20 ° C for one week. Then they are sprayed with a solution containing 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 12 hours. During this time the temperature always stays below 40 ° C. Yield of released seeds 70-80%. After 6 days, 70-80% of the seeds thus obtained have germinated.
Beispiel 8: 1 kg Föhrenzapfen (Pinus silvestris) von Bäumen der Mittel- oder Tieflage werden mit Blaulicht 12 Stunden bestrahlt (25 W) . Die Zapfen liegen dabei auf einem Rüttelsieb. Die Temperatur wird während der ganzen Belichtungsdauer unter 40°C gehalten. Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen: 80%. Nach 8 Tagen sind 80% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.Example 8: 1 kg of pine cones (Pinus silvestris) from middle or low-lying trees are irradiated with blue light for 12 hours (25 W). The pins are on a vibrating screen. The temperature is kept below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. Yield of released seeds: 80%. After 8 days, 80% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
Beispiel 9: 1 kg Föhrenzapfen der Mittel - oder Tiefläge werden mit einer Lösung, die 3000 Einheiten Katalase und 0.1 g Kalziumhydroxid oder 0.15 g Kalziumchlorid pro Liter enthält, besprüht. Danach werden die Zapfen auf einem Rüttelsieb 12 Stunden mit Blaulicht (25 W) belichtet. Während der ganzen Belichtungsdauer wird die Temperatur unter 40°C gehalten. Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen 95%. Nach 8 Tagen sind 85% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.Example 9: 1 kg of pine cones of the medium or low lying areas are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide or 0.15 g of calcium chloride per liter. The cones are then exposed to blue light (25 W) on a vibrating screen for 12 hours. The temperature is kept below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. 95% yield of released seeds. After 8 days, 85% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
Beispiel 10: 1 kg Föhrenzapfen von Bäumen der Hochlage werden mit einer Lösung, die 3000 Einheiten Katalase und 0.1 g Kalziumhydroxid pro Liter enthält, besprüht. Danach werden die Zapfen auf einem Rüttelsieb mit Blaulicht (25 W) 12 Stunden bestrahlt. Während der ganzen Belichtungsdauer wird die Temperatur unter 40°C gehalten. Die Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen beträgt 75 - 85%. Nach 8 Tagen sind 70-90% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.Example 10: 1 kg of pine cones from trees in the highlands are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then irradiated with blue light (25 W) on a vibrating sieve for 12 hours. The temperature is kept below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. The yield of released seeds is 75-85%. After 8 days, 70-90% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
Beispiel 11: 1 kg Zapfen von Fichte (Picea abies) werden mit einer Lösung, die 3000 Einheiten Katalase und 0.1 g Kalziumhydroxid pro Liter enthält, besprüht. Danach werden die Zapfen auf einem Rüttelsieb mit Blaulicht (25 W) 5 Stunden bestrahlt. Während der ganzen Belichtungsdauer wird die Temperatur unter 40°C gehalten. Die Ausbeute an freigesetzten Samen beträgt 85-95%. Nach 6 Tagen sind 85-95% der so gewonnenen Samen gekeimt.Example 11: 1 kg of cones of spruce (Picea abies) are sprayed with a solution which contains 3000 units of catalase and 0.1 g of calcium hydroxide per liter. The cones are then irradiated with blue light (25 W) on a vibrating sieve for 5 hours. The temperature is kept below 40 ° C throughout the exposure period. The yield of released seeds is 85-95%. After 6 days, 85-95% of the seeds obtained in this way have germinated.
ERSATZBLATT REPLACEMENT LEAF

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1) Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Samen hoher Keimfähigkeit aus den Zapfen von Koniferen, insbesondere aus den Zapfen der Lärche, der Föhre, der Fichte und der Tanne, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zapfen mit Licht der Wellenlänge von 400-710 n , insbesondere mit blauem Licht bestrahlt werden.1) Process for obtaining seeds of high germination capacity from the cones of conifers, in particular from the cones of larch, pine, spruce and fir, characterized in that the cones with light of the wavelength of 400-710 n, in particular with blue Be irradiated with light.
2) Das Verfahren ist nach Anspruch 1 auch dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zapfen vor der Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht mit einer Katalaselösung besprüht werden oder ihnen eine Katalaselösung durch das an dem Zapfen hängende kurze Aststück zugeführt wird.2) The method is also characterized in that the cones are sprayed with a catalase solution before irradiation with visible light or a catalase solution is fed to them through the short piece of branch hanging on the cone.
3) Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Katalaselösung verwendet wird, die Salze des Kalziums und/oder des Kaliums enthält.3) Method according to claim 2, characterized in that a catalase solution is used which contains salts of calcium and / or potassium.
4) Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Lösung verwendet wird, die Wasserstoffperoxid enthält.4) Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a solution is used which contains hydrogen peroxide.
5) Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß besonders bei Zapfen von Bäumen aus Hochlagen eine Vorbehandlung durch Lagerung der Zapfen bei tiefen Temperaturen bis zu minus 20°C durchgeführt wird.5) Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a pretreatment is carried out by storing the cones at low temperatures down to minus 20 ° C, especially with cones of trees from high altitudes.
EBSATZBLATT EBSATZBLATT
EP93905075A 1992-03-11 1993-03-10 Process for extracting seeds having a high germinative power from conifer cones Withdrawn EP0606403A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT480/92 1992-03-11
AT48092A AT396414B (en) 1992-03-11 1992-03-11 METHOD FOR OBTAINING SEEDS OF HIGH VEGETABILITY FROM THE CONE CONE
PCT/AT1993/000043 WO1993017543A1 (en) 1992-03-11 1993-03-10 Process for extracting seeds having a high germinative power from conifer cones

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EP0606403A1 true EP0606403A1 (en) 1994-07-20

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AT (1) AT396414B (en)
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WO (1) WO1993017543A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT1050U1 (en) * 1995-10-09 1996-10-25 Fuchs Norbert Mag PLANT SEEDLINGS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
AT403641B (en) * 1995-10-09 1998-04-27 Fuchs Norbert Mag PLANT SEEDLINGS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU33071A1 (en) *
DE2730054C2 (en) * 1977-07-02 1979-04-26 Carl Sperling & Co, 3140 Lueneburg Procedure for long-term storage of seeds

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Title
See references of WO9317543A1 *

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AT396414B (en) 1993-09-27
CH685275A5 (en) 1995-05-31
WO1993017543A1 (en) 1993-09-16
ATA48092A (en) 1993-01-15

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