EP0605358A1 - Liquid-shock-absorbing filler material - Google Patents

Liquid-shock-absorbing filler material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0605358A1
EP0605358A1 EP93710022A EP93710022A EP0605358A1 EP 0605358 A1 EP0605358 A1 EP 0605358A1 EP 93710022 A EP93710022 A EP 93710022A EP 93710022 A EP93710022 A EP 93710022A EP 0605358 A1 EP0605358 A1 EP 0605358A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
straw
briquettes
flour
material according
ground
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP93710022A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wilhelm Pirotte
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SUED-AGRAR PRODUKTIONS-VERTRIEBSGESELLSCHAFT MIT B
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Sued-Agrar Produktions-Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
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Publication of EP0605358A1 publication Critical patent/EP0605358A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
    • B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/02—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage
    • B65D81/05—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage maintaining contents at spaced relation from package walls, or from other contents
    • B65D81/051—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage maintaining contents at spaced relation from package walls, or from other contents using pillow-like elements filled with cushioning material, e.g. elastic foam, fabric

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a material made of straw for packaging goods, in particular containers containing liquids, for absorbing leaking liquids and for sound, heat and shock insulation.
  • the invention specifies possible uses of the above material as filler and absorbent.
  • Inorganic packaging and absorbent materials are generally difficult to dispose of after use.
  • various outer packaging which as a packaging and cushioning material natural raw materials such.
  • B. use cut straw or wood shavings.
  • the handling of such packaging material is very difficult. If the raw material is used unprocessed, it adapts only poorly to the outer packaging and the goods to be packaged. With irregular bodies, this leads to uneven upholstery properties. So there is a risk of damage despite the packaging. If easily fragile goods containing liquids are packed and transported, it cannot be excluded that liquid will leak out of the containers. In the case of chemical substances in particular, it is necessary to absorb these spilled liquids as well as possible in order to protect the environment, the outer packaging and other goods that are also packed Protect damage and moisture.
  • Known packaging materials made of straw have no suction properties.
  • a material made from ground and then pressed straw is known from European Patent Specification 0 310 016, which is used to absorb liquids. It is used as bedding material for small animals, especially as cat litter. This bedding material has good absorption properties compared to thin or aqueous liquids. However, it is not suitable for vacuuming viscous or oily substances and has not been used for packaging or vacuuming tasks that are not common for bedding materials.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a material which is suitable for packaging goods, for absorbing even viscous leaking liquids and for use in sound, heat and / or shock insulation.
  • the material consists of ground straw pressed into straw flour briquettes.
  • the straw meal briquettes are in a roughly ground state. It is advantageous if the material consists of irregular fragments of the pressed straw flour briquettes.
  • the material according to the invention offers the advantage over known plastic packaging materials that it is obtained from a natural, renewable raw material, which is generally regarded as an agricultural waste product, and can be disposed of easily and in an environmentally neutral manner after its use, e.g. B. by composting or incineration.
  • Another advantage of the material results from the good insulation properties that are used when using the material Filling in existing cavities in building structures ensure good climatic and soundproofed living conditions.
  • the presence of the material according to the invention in the form of straw flour briquettes makes handling easier compared to cut straw, since the material adapts to all types of packaging and goods.
  • the composition of the individual straw flour briquettes already has a cushioning effect. This is increased by the cylindrical shapes and the resulting spaces between the individual straw flour briquettes.
  • the straw flour briquettes have a moisture-absorbing property. This arises from the natural properties of the organic material straw and, when used as a packaging material, has an advantageous effect when content comes out of a packaged container such as a bottle.
  • the absorbency can also be used advantageously if, in particular, viscous liquids such as oil have flowed out somewhere and e.g. B. should be bound by the fire department. Simply grinding the straw is not enough for the desired purposes. If you were to use the fine straw meal, on the one hand there is a risk of heavy dust formation and contamination of the goods to be packaged, on the other hand fine straw meal can only absorb liquids to a limited extent, which is partly due to the surface tension of the viscous liquids. The fine straw flour tends to float on the surface of the liquid.
  • the straw flour briquettes have been subjected to a second grinding process, the material has particularly good suction properties. Due to the smooth surface, the straw flour briquettes are only of limited suitability for quickly absorbing large quantities of viscous liquids.
  • the second grinding process results in a strong surface roughening and enlargement. Irregular straw granules are created, which consist of individual compressed elements consist of a high porosity and are particularly well suited for the suction of viscous materials. This makes it possible to use the material according to the invention in addition to packaging purposes as a pure absorbent for absorbing leaking liquids such as. B. Use oil.
  • the material according to the invention With a suitable grain size of approximately 3 to 5 mm diameter, it is possible with the material according to the invention to absorb approximately three times its own weight in liquid. There is also the option of simply disposing of the absorbent material used. Depending on the absorbed liquid, composting or burning of the absorbent material can be considered. In contrast to some known materials, the absorbent material as such does not represent any form of hazardous waste. In comparison to known oil binders, it is cheaper to manufacture, higher in absorption capacity and easier to dispose of, and can be used in this use compared to the prior art save up to 70% of costs.
  • the invention furthermore shows a possibility of using a material made of straw according to one of the above-mentioned embodiments as filling material for packaging and cavities in building structures or devices.
  • Another advantageous use of the material is to use it as a suction for sucking up leaked viscous liquids.
  • the basic substance in the material according to the invention is a quantity of straw 1.
  • the material according to the invention consists of an organic substance.
  • the straw 1 bound into bales is dissolved in the first manufacturing step 3 and subjected to rough chopping. Then there are straw chips 5.
  • the straw chips 5 must be dried in a drying station 7, or this drying station 7 is bypassed.
  • a first grinding station 9 generally a hammer mill, the straw chips must not have a moisture content of more than 14%, in particular 8-14%. After the first grinding process, the straw is in the form of straw meal 11.
  • the straw meal 11 is then compressed into straw meal briquettes 15 in a compression station 13 under high pressure.
  • the straw meal briquettes 15 obtained after the compression station 13 have dimensions of approximately 8 to 10 mm in diameter and a length of approximately 20 mm.
  • These straw flour briquettes 15 are already well suited as cushioning and filling material for packaging and already have a relatively good suction effect against aqueous liquids.
  • the filling material obtained in the manner described is also suitable for filling cavities in building structures.
  • three positive properties of the material according to the invention come into play. Due to the material composition and the shape of the individual straw flour briquettes 15, it is possible to use the material for shock absorption z. B. to be arranged below swinging floors. This makes an inexpensive shock-absorbing material available, which can be used in large quantities, with no subsequent disposal problems arising from later structural changes, as has been the case with conventional synthetic insulation materials. This can also be done Use material according to the invention for sound and heat insulation. In an exemplary application, cavities in the side walls and above the ceilings of living spaces are filled with the material according to the invention.
  • the shape of the material allows easy insertion of the individual straw flour briquettes and a relatively high compression, e.g. B. using known blowing. In this way, even cavities that are difficult to access can be filled with the material. Due to the special porosity, the material according to the invention has a high sound-absorbing effect.
  • the natural raw material straw enables inexpensive and environmentally friendly production.
  • a pleasant indoor climate is achieved with the material according to the invention, since the insulation material, in contrast to synthetic materials, is breathable and moisture-regulating.
  • the material according to the invention can also meet the high safety requirements for insulation material used in construction.
  • the material according to the invention is flame retardant and burns poorly.
  • the material can also be treated with impregnation and / or disinfectants to prevent moisture absorption or rotting of the material.
  • the sound and shock insulation properties of the material according to the invention can also be advantageously used when filling cavities in technical devices.
  • the straw flour briquettes can be used as insulation material in loudspeakers.
  • the suction effect of the material according to the invention is increased by a second embodiment, the manufacturing steps of which are shown in FIG. 2.
  • the straw flour briquettes 15 are present, the method already shown in FIG. 1 is used.
  • the straw flour briquettes have a relatively low and smooth surface and cannot fully meet the suction effect.
  • the material of the further embodiment is therefore produced by roughly grinding the straw meal briquettes 15 in a second grinding station 17.
  • This is generally a hammer mill again, but is set to be coarser than that of the grinding station 9. In terms of equipment, the same hammer mill can be used in succession for both grinding processes after a corresponding changeover.
  • the second grinding station 17 differs from the first grinding station 9 in that it does not grind the starting material so finely.
  • This straw granulate 19 consists of individual straw flour particles which adhere to one another due to the compaction process in the compaction station 13 and each contain, for example, 10 to 200 flour grains of the straw flour 11.
  • the second grinding process is set for smaller or larger granular straw granules.
  • a further embodiment of the material according to the invention is advantageous.
  • the production of this material takes place in a known working process according to FIG. 3.
  • the steps up to the presence of the straw meal briquettes 15 are the same as the steps in FIG. 1.
  • the straw meal briquettes 15 are now broken up into irregular fragments 23 in a squeezing station 21.
  • a coarse sieve 25 is connected, in which pieces that are still too large are filtered out and returned to the compression station 13.
  • the coarse sieve 25 is followed by a fine sieve 27, in which the fragments which are too small and the dust are separated out and from there are fed again to the compression station 13.
  • the selected fragments 23 arrive in a dosing and packing station 29 and are filled there into corresponding containers 31. At least the dosing and packing station 29 is also useful for the Workflow plans of Fig.n 1 and 2 added, but was not shown there for the sake of simplicity.
  • the mentioned further embodiments of the material according to the invention are used both for sucking up leaked liquids and for the use described above as filling material for packaging and cavities in building structures or devices.
  • either the straw meal briquettes 15, the more or less coarse-grained straw granules 19 or the irregular fragments 23 are particularly suitable.
  • the three named embodiments of the material according to the invention differ in their properties with regard to the suction effect and the sound, heat and shock insulation.
  • the choice of the proportions and the specific shapes and sizes of the material according to the invention is left to the person skilled in the art.
  • the material according to the invention is characterized by a good cushioning effect, combined with a high absorbency and binding capacity even with viscous substances. Furthermore, it has very good sound and heat insulation properties.
  • a natural, renewable raw material is used, which can be disposed of relatively easily after use.
  • the material can be used as packaging material which, on the one hand, is easy to dispose of and, on the other hand, provides effective protection against leaking liquids, particularly within the packaging. It has the advantage that a large amount of liquid can be absorbed with a smaller amount of material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Buffer Packaging (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Serving for packaging products, in particular vessels containing liquids, for absorbing leaked, viscous liquids, and for sound-proofing, thermally insulating and shock-absorbing is a material made of straw (1) which has been ground and compressed to form ground-straw blocks (15). This material can be used as a filler material for packagings of products and for cavities in building construction or in machinery. It can be produced in that straw is ground into powder and the powder is compacted by compressing it to form ground-straw blocks which are broken up into pieces with an irregular outer surface, the ground-straw blocks being subjected to coarse grinding to break them up. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Material aus Stroh zum Verpacken von Gütern, insbesondere Flüssigkeiten beinhaltenden Gefäßen, zum Aufsaugen von ausgelaufenen Flüssigkeiten und zur Schall-, Wärme-und Stoßdämmung.The invention relates to a material made of straw for packaging goods, in particular containers containing liquids, for absorbing leaking liquids and for sound, heat and shock insulation.

Weiterhin gibt die Erfindung Verwendungsmöglichkeiten des oben genannten Materials als Füllmaterial und Saugstoff an.Furthermore, the invention specifies possible uses of the above material as filler and absorbent.

Anorganische Pack- und Saugmaterialien sind im allgemeinen nach Gebrauch schwierig zu entsorgen. Auf dem Gebiet der Verpackungen sind aber auch verschiedene Umverpackungen bekannt, die als Verpackungs- und Polstermaterial natürliche Rohstoffe wie z. B. geschnittenes Stroh oder Holzspäne verwenden. Die Handhabung eines solchen Verpackungsmaterials ist sehr beschwerlich. Wird der Rohstoff unbearbeitet verwendet, paßt er sich den äußeren Umverpackungen und dem zu verpackenden Gut nur schlecht an. Bei Unregelmäßigen Körpern führt dies zu ungleichmäßigen Polstereigenschaften. Es besteht also trotz der Verpackung eine Beschädigungsgefahr. Werden leicht zerbrechliche Güter, die Flüssigkeiten enthalten, verpackt und transportiert, so ist es nicht ausgeschlossen, daß Flüssigkeit aus den Behältern ausläuft. Besonders bei chemischen Substanzen ist es erforderlich, diese ausgelaufenen Flüssigkeiten möglichst gut aufzusaugen, um die Umwelt, die äußere Umverpackung und auch andere mitverpackte Waren vor Beschädigungen und Feuchtigkeit zu schützen. Bekannte Verpackungsmaterialien aus Stroh weisen aber keine Saugeigenschaften auf.Inorganic packaging and absorbent materials are generally difficult to dispose of after use. In the field of packaging, however, various outer packaging are known, which as a packaging and cushioning material natural raw materials such. B. use cut straw or wood shavings. The handling of such packaging material is very difficult. If the raw material is used unprocessed, it adapts only poorly to the outer packaging and the goods to be packaged. With irregular bodies, this leads to uneven upholstery properties. So there is a risk of damage despite the packaging. If easily fragile goods containing liquids are packed and transported, it cannot be excluded that liquid will leak out of the containers. In the case of chemical substances in particular, it is necessary to absorb these spilled liquids as well as possible in order to protect the environment, the outer packaging and other goods that are also packed Protect damage and moisture. Known packaging materials made of straw have no suction properties.

In anderem Zusammenhang ist aus der europäischen Patentschrift 0 310 016 ein Material aus gemahlenem und danach gepreßtem Stroh bekannt, das dem Aufsaugen von Flüssigkeiten dient. Es wird als Einstreumaterial für Kleintiere, insbesondere als Katzenstreu Verwendet. Dieses Einstreumaterial weist gute Aufsaugeigenschaften gegenüber dünnflüssigen bzw. wäßrigen Flüssigkeiten auf. Es eignet sich aber nicht zum Aufsaugen von dickflüssigen oder öligen Substanzen und wurde bisher auch nicht für Verpackungszwecke oder Aufsaugaufgaben, die nicht für Einstreumaterialien üblich sind, eingesetzt.In another context, a material made from ground and then pressed straw is known from European Patent Specification 0 310 016, which is used to absorb liquids. It is used as bedding material for small animals, especially as cat litter. This bedding material has good absorption properties compared to thin or aqueous liquids. However, it is not suitable for vacuuming viscous or oily substances and has not been used for packaging or vacuuming tasks that are not common for bedding materials.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Material zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches zum Verpacken von Waren, zum Aufsaugen auch von dickflüssigen ausgelaufenen Flüssigkeiten und zum Einsatz für Schall-, Wärme- und/oder Stoßdämmung geeignet ist.The invention has for its object to provide a material which is suitable for packaging goods, for absorbing even viscous leaking liquids and for use in sound, heat and / or shock insulation.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß das Material aus gemahlenem und zu Strohmehlbriketts gepreßtem Stroh besteht. Für besondere Aufsaugvorgänge ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Strohmehlbriketts in einem grob zermahlenem Zustand vorliegen. Es ist günstig, wenn das Material aus unregelmäßigen Bruchstücken der gepreßten Strohmehlbriketts besteht.This object is achieved in that the material consists of ground straw pressed into straw flour briquettes. For special suction processes, it is advantageous if the straw meal briquettes are in a roughly ground state. It is advantageous if the material consists of irregular fragments of the pressed straw flour briquettes.

Das erfindungsgemäße Material bietet gegenüber bekannten, aus Kunststoff bestehenden Verpackungsmaterialien den Vorteil, daß es aus einem natürlichen, nachwachsenden Rohstoff gewonnen wird, der generell als landwirtschaftliches Abfallprodukt gewertet wird, und nach seinem Gebrauch einfach und umweltneutral entsorgt werden kann, z. B. durch Kompostierung oder Verbrennung.The material according to the invention offers the advantage over known plastic packaging materials that it is obtained from a natural, renewable raw material, which is generally regarded as an agricultural waste product, and can be disposed of easily and in an environmentally neutral manner after its use, e.g. B. by composting or incineration.

Ein weiterer Vorteil des Materials ergibt sich aus den guten Dämmeigenschaften, die beim Einsatz des Materials zur Auffüllung von in Baukonstruktionen bestehenden Hohlräumen für gute klimatische und schallgedämmte Wohnbedingungen sorgen.Another advantage of the material results from the good insulation properties that are used when using the material Filling in existing cavities in building structures ensure good climatic and soundproofed living conditions.

Das Vorliegen des erfindungsgemäßen Materials in Form von Strohmehlbriketts erleichtert gegenüber geschnittenem Stroh die Handhabung, da sich das Material allen vorkommenden Verpackungs- und Güterformen anpaßt. Die einzelnen Strohmehlbriketts haben durch ihre Zusammensetzung bereits eine polsternde Wirkung. Diese wird durch die zylindrischen Formen und die sich damit ergebenden Zwischenräume zwischen den einzelnen Strohmehlbriketts erhöht.The presence of the material according to the invention in the form of straw flour briquettes makes handling easier compared to cut straw, since the material adapts to all types of packaging and goods. The composition of the individual straw flour briquettes already has a cushioning effect. This is increased by the cylindrical shapes and the resulting spaces between the individual straw flour briquettes.

Die Strohmehlbriketts haben eine feuchtigkeitsaufnehmende Eigenschaft. Diese ergibt sich aus dem natürlichen Eigenschaften des organischen Stoffes Stroh und macht sich im Fall der Verwendung als Packmaterial vorteilhaft bemerkbar, wenn aus einem verpackten Gefäß wie einer Flasche Inhalt ausläuft. Die Saugfähigkeit ist aber auch vorteilhaft ausnützbar, wenn insbesondere dickflüssige Flüssigkeiten wie Öl irgendwo ausgeflossen sind und z. B. von der Feuerwehr gebunden werden sollen. Ein einfaches Mahlen des Strohs reicht für die gewünschten Zwecke nicht aus. Würde man das feine Strohmehl benutzen, ergibt sich einerseits die Gefahr starker Staubbildung und der Verschmutzung des zu verpackenden Guts, andererseits kann feines Strohmehl Flüssigkeiten nur bedingt aufnehmen, was unter anderem an der Oberflächenspannung der viskosen Flüssigkeiten liegt. Das feine Strohmehl neigt eher dazu, auf der Flüssigkeits-oberfläche zu schwimmen.The straw flour briquettes have a moisture-absorbing property. This arises from the natural properties of the organic material straw and, when used as a packaging material, has an advantageous effect when content comes out of a packaged container such as a bottle. However, the absorbency can also be used advantageously if, in particular, viscous liquids such as oil have flowed out somewhere and e.g. B. should be bound by the fire department. Simply grinding the straw is not enough for the desired purposes. If you were to use the fine straw meal, on the one hand there is a risk of heavy dust formation and contamination of the goods to be packaged, on the other hand fine straw meal can only absorb liquids to a limited extent, which is partly due to the surface tension of the viscous liquids. The fine straw flour tends to float on the surface of the liquid.

Sind die Strohmehlbriketts gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einem zweiten Mahlvorgang unterzogen worden, so ergeben sich für das Material besonders gute Saugeigenschaften. Die Strohmehlbriketts eignen sich aufgrund der glatten Oberfläche nur bedingt zum schnellen Aufnehmen größerer Mengen von zähen Flüssigkeiten. Durch den zweiten Mahlvorgang wird eine starke Oberflächenaufrauhung und - vergrößerung erzielt. Es entstehen unregelmäßige Strohgranulate, die aus einzelnen zusammengepreßten Elementen bestehen, dadurch eine hohe Porosität aufweisen und sich besonders gut für das Aufsaugen von dickflüssigen Materialien eignen. Dadurch wird es möglich, das erfindungsgemäße Material neben Verpackungszwecken auch als reinen Saugstoff für das Aufnehmen von ausgelaufenen Flüssigkeiten wie z. B. Öl einzusetzen. Bei einer geeigneten Körnung von ca. 3 bis 5 mm Durchmesser ist es mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Material möglich, etwa das Dreifache des Eigengewichts an Flüssigkeit aufzunehmen. Außerdem besteht die Möglichkeit, das benutzte Saugmaterial einfach zu entsorgen. Je nach aufgesaugter Flüssigkeit kommt die Kompostierung oder das Verbrennen des Saugmaterials in Betracht. Das Saugmaterial als solches stellt im Gegensatz zu manchen bekannten Materialien keine Form von Sondermüll dar. Im Vergleich zu bekannten Ölbindern ist es billiger in der Herstellung, höher in der Aufsaugleistung und einfacher in der Entsorgung und kann bei dieser Verwendung im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik bis zu 70 % der Kosten sparen.If, according to a preferred embodiment, the straw flour briquettes have been subjected to a second grinding process, the material has particularly good suction properties. Due to the smooth surface, the straw flour briquettes are only of limited suitability for quickly absorbing large quantities of viscous liquids. The second grinding process results in a strong surface roughening and enlargement. Irregular straw granules are created, which consist of individual compressed elements consist of a high porosity and are particularly well suited for the suction of viscous materials. This makes it possible to use the material according to the invention in addition to packaging purposes as a pure absorbent for absorbing leaking liquids such as. B. Use oil. With a suitable grain size of approximately 3 to 5 mm diameter, it is possible with the material according to the invention to absorb approximately three times its own weight in liquid. There is also the option of simply disposing of the absorbent material used. Depending on the absorbed liquid, composting or burning of the absorbent material can be considered. In contrast to some known materials, the absorbent material as such does not represent any form of hazardous waste. In comparison to known oil binders, it is cheaper to manufacture, higher in absorption capacity and easier to dispose of, and can be used in this use compared to the prior art save up to 70% of costs.

Die Erfindung zeigt weiterhin eine Möglichkeit zur Verwendung eines Materials aus Stroh nach einer der genannten Ausführungsformen als Füllmaterial für Verpackungen und Hohlräume in Baukonstruktionen oder Geräten auf.The invention furthermore shows a possibility of using a material made of straw according to one of the above-mentioned embodiments as filling material for packaging and cavities in building structures or devices.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Verwendung des Materials besteht darin, es als Saugstoff zum Aufsaugen von ausgelaufenen dickflüssigen Flüssigkeiten einzusetzen.Another advantageous use of the material is to use it as a suction for sucking up leaked viscous liquids.

Weitere Vorteile, Einzelheiten und Weiterbildugnen ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Materials und seiner Herstellung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Ablaufplan der Erzeugung von erfindungsgemäßem Material;
Fig. 2
einen Ablaufplan der Erzeugung des erfindungsgemäßen Materials nach einer zweiten Ausführungsform;
Fig. 3
einen Ablaufplan der Erzeugung des erfindungsgemäßen Materials nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform.
Further advantages, details and further developments result from the following description of preferred embodiments of the material according to the invention and its production with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a flow chart of the production of material according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a flow chart of the production of the material according to the invention according to a second embodiment;
Fig. 3
a flow chart of the generation of the invention Materials according to a further embodiment.

Wie in Fig. 1 zu sehen, ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Material die Grundsubstanz eine Menge von Stroh 1. Damit besteht das erfindungsgemäße Material, im Gegensatz zu den meisten Verpackungs- und Saugmaterialien, aus einer organischen Substanz. Das zu Ballen gebundene Stroh 1 wird im ersten Herstellungsschritt 3 aufgelöst und einer groben Häckselung unterzogen. Danach liegen Strohsplitter 5 vor. Je nach Feuchtigkeitsgrad müssen die Strohsplitter 5 in einer Trockenstation 7 getrocknet werden, oder diese Trocknungsstation 7 wird umgangen. Vor einer ersten Mahlstation 9, im allgemeinen einer Hammermühle, dürfen die Strohsplitter einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt nicht über 14 %, insbesondere 8 - 14 %, aufweisen. Nach dem ersten Mahlvorgang liegt das Stroh in Form von Strohmehl 11 vor. Um das erfindungsgemäße Material zu erhalten, wird das Strohmehl 11 anschließend in einer Verdichtungsstation 13 unter hohem Druck zu Strohmehlbriketts 15 verdichtet. Die nach der Verdichtungsstation 13 erhaltenen Strohmehlbriketts 15 haben Abmaße von etwa 8 bis 10 mm Durchmesser und einer Länge von etwa 20 mm. Diese Strohmehlbriketts 15 eignen sich bereits gut als Polster- und Füllmaterial für Verpackungen und besitzen bereits eine relativ gute Saugwirkung gegenüber wäßrigen Flüssigkeiten.As can be seen in FIG. 1, the basic substance in the material according to the invention is a quantity of straw 1. Thus, in contrast to most packaging and absorbent materials, the material according to the invention consists of an organic substance. The straw 1 bound into bales is dissolved in the first manufacturing step 3 and subjected to rough chopping. Then there are straw chips 5. Depending on the degree of moisture, the straw chips 5 must be dried in a drying station 7, or this drying station 7 is bypassed. Before a first grinding station 9, generally a hammer mill, the straw chips must not have a moisture content of more than 14%, in particular 8-14%. After the first grinding process, the straw is in the form of straw meal 11. In order to obtain the material according to the invention, the straw meal 11 is then compressed into straw meal briquettes 15 in a compression station 13 under high pressure. The straw meal briquettes 15 obtained after the compression station 13 have dimensions of approximately 8 to 10 mm in diameter and a length of approximately 20 mm. These straw flour briquettes 15 are already well suited as cushioning and filling material for packaging and already have a relatively good suction effect against aqueous liquids.

Das auf die beschriebene Art gewonnene Füllmaterial eignet sich auch zum Auffüllen von Hohlräumen in Baukonstruktionen. Dabei kommen vor allem drei positive Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Materials zum Tragen. Aufgrund der Materialzusammensetzung und der Form der einzelnen Strohmehlbriketts 15 ist es möglich, das Material zur Stoßdämpfung z. B. unterhalb von schwingend gelagerten Fußböden anzuordnen. Damit steht ein preiswertes stoßdämmendes Material zur Verfügung, welches in großen Mengen eingesetzt werden kann, wobei bei späteren baulichen Veränderungen kein Entsorgungsproblem auftritt, wie es bisher bei üblichen synthetischen Dämm-Materialien der Fall ist. Ebenso läßt sich das erfindungsgemäße Material zur Schall- und Wärmedämmung einsetzen. Bei einer beispielhaften Anwendung werden Hohlräume in den Seitenwänden und oberhalb der Decken von Wohnräumen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Material aufgefüllt. Die Form des Materials gestattet ein einfaches Einbringen der einzelnen Strohmehlbriketts und eine relativ hohe Verdichtung, z. B. unter Verwendung von bekannten Einblasverfahren. Auf diese Weise lassen sich auch schwer zugängliche Hohlräume mit dem Material befüllen. Durch die spezielle Porosität besitzt das erfindungsgemäße Material eine hohe schalldämmende Wirkung. Der natürliche Ausgangsstoff Stroh ermöglicht eine preiswerte und umweltschonende Herstellung. Gleichzeitig erzielt man mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Material ein für den Menschen angenehmes Raumklima, da das Dämm-Material im Gegensatz zu synthetischen Stoffen atmungsaktiv und feuchtigkeitsregulierend ist.The filling material obtained in the manner described is also suitable for filling cavities in building structures. In particular, three positive properties of the material according to the invention come into play. Due to the material composition and the shape of the individual straw flour briquettes 15, it is possible to use the material for shock absorption z. B. to be arranged below swinging floors. This makes an inexpensive shock-absorbing material available, which can be used in large quantities, with no subsequent disposal problems arising from later structural changes, as has been the case with conventional synthetic insulation materials. This can also be done Use material according to the invention for sound and heat insulation. In an exemplary application, cavities in the side walls and above the ceilings of living spaces are filled with the material according to the invention. The shape of the material allows easy insertion of the individual straw flour briquettes and a relatively high compression, e.g. B. using known blowing. In this way, even cavities that are difficult to access can be filled with the material. Due to the special porosity, the material according to the invention has a high sound-absorbing effect. The natural raw material straw enables inexpensive and environmentally friendly production. At the same time, a pleasant indoor climate is achieved with the material according to the invention, since the insulation material, in contrast to synthetic materials, is breathable and moisture-regulating.

Versuche haben gezeigt, daß mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Material auch die hohen Sicherheitsanforderungen an im Bauwesen eingesetztes Dämm-Material eingehalten werden können. Das erfindungsgemäße Material ist schwer entflammbar und brennt schlecht.Tests have shown that the material according to the invention can also meet the high safety requirements for insulation material used in construction. The material according to the invention is flame retardant and burns poorly.

Für bestimmte Einsatzfälle kann das Material zusätzlich mit Imprägnier- und/oder Desinfektionsstoffen behandelt werden, um eine Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme bzw. das Verrotten des Materials zu verhindern.For certain applications, the material can also be treated with impregnation and / or disinfectants to prevent moisture absorption or rotting of the material.

Die Schall- und Stoßdämmungseigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Materials lassen sich auch bei der Auffüllung von Hohlräumen in technischen Geräten vorteilhaft ausnutzen. Beispielsweise können die Strohmehlbriketts als Dämm-Material in Lautsprecherboxen eingesetzt werden.The sound and shock insulation properties of the material according to the invention can also be advantageously used when filling cavities in technical devices. For example, the straw flour briquettes can be used as insulation material in loudspeakers.

Den Saugeffekt des erfindungsgemäßen Materials erhöht man noch durch eine zweite Ausführungsform, deren Herstellungsschritte in Fig. 2 dargestellt sind. Bis zum Vorliegen der Strohmehlbriketts 15 wird das bereits in Fig. 1 dargestellte Verfahren benutzt. Die Strohmehlbriketts haben eine relativ geringe und glatte Oberfläche und können so der Saugwirkung nicht vollständig gerecht werden. Daher erzeugt man das Material der weiteren Ausführungsform durch ein grobes Zermahlen der Strohmehlbriketts 15 in einer zweiten Mahlstation 17. Es handelt sich hierbei im allgemeinen wieder um eine Hammermühle, die aber im Vergleich zu der der Mahlstation 9 gröber eingestellt ist. Gerätetechnisch kann die selbe Hammermühle nach entsprechender Umstellung nacheinander für beide Mahlvorgänge verwendet werden. Die zweite Mahlstation 17 unterscheidet sich von der ersten Mahlstation 9 also dadurch, daß sie das Ausgangsmaterial nicht so fein mahlt. Damit liegt nach der zweiten Mahlstation 17 ein grobkörniges Strohgranulat 19 vor. Dieses Strohgranulat 19 besteht aus einzelnen Strohmehlpartikeln, die aufgrund des Verdichtungsvorgangs in der Verdichtungsstation 13 aneinander haften und jeweils beispielsweise 10 bis 200 Mehlkörner des Strohmehls 11 enthalten. Abhängig von den aufzusaugenden Flüssigkeiten wird der zweite Mahlvorgang für kleiner oder größer gekörntes Strohgranulat eingestellt.The suction effect of the material according to the invention is increased by a second embodiment, the manufacturing steps of which are shown in FIG. 2. Until the straw flour briquettes 15 are present, the method already shown in FIG. 1 is used. The straw flour briquettes have a relatively low and smooth surface and cannot fully meet the suction effect. The material of the further embodiment is therefore produced by roughly grinding the straw meal briquettes 15 in a second grinding station 17. This is generally a hammer mill again, but is set to be coarser than that of the grinding station 9. In terms of equipment, the same hammer mill can be used in succession for both grinding processes after a corresponding changeover. The second grinding station 17 differs from the first grinding station 9 in that it does not grind the starting material so finely. After the second grinding station 17, there is thus a coarse-grained straw granulate 19. This straw granulate 19 consists of individual straw flour particles which adhere to one another due to the compaction process in the compaction station 13 and each contain, for example, 10 to 200 flour grains of the straw flour 11. Depending on the liquids to be sucked up, the second grinding process is set for smaller or larger granular straw granules.

Je nach den aufzusaugenden Materialien und nach den gewünschten Verpackungseffekten ist eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Materials vorteilhaft. Die Erzeugung dieses Materials verläuft in einem an sich bekannten Arbeitsprozeß nach Fig. 3. Die Schritte bis zum Vorliegen der Strohmehlbriketts 15 sind gleich den Schritten in Fig. 1. Die Strohmehlbriketts 15 werden nun allerdings in einer Quetschstation 21 in unregelmäßige Bruchstücke 23 zerbrochen. Um eine gewünschte Größe der Bruchstücke 23 zu erhalten, ist ein Grobsieb 25 nachgeschaltet, bei welchem noch zu große Stücke ausgefiltert und in die Verdichtungsstation 13 zurückgeführt werden. Dem Grobsieb 25 folgt ein Feinsieb 27, bei welchem die zu kleinen Bruchstücke und der Staub ausgesondert werden und von da aus erneut der Verdichtungsstation 13 zugeführt werden. Die ausgewählten Bruchstücke 23 gelangen in eine Dosier- und Packstation 29 und werden dort in entsprechende Behältnisse 31 abgefüllt. Zumindest die Dosier- und Packstation 29 ist sinnvollerweise auch an die Arbeitsablaufpläne der Fig.n 1 und 2 angefügt, wurde dort aber der Einfachheit halber nicht dargestellt.Depending on the materials to be sucked up and the desired packaging effects, a further embodiment of the material according to the invention is advantageous. The production of this material takes place in a known working process according to FIG. 3. The steps up to the presence of the straw meal briquettes 15 are the same as the steps in FIG. 1. The straw meal briquettes 15 are now broken up into irregular fragments 23 in a squeezing station 21. In order to obtain a desired size of the fragments 23, a coarse sieve 25 is connected, in which pieces that are still too large are filtered out and returned to the compression station 13. The coarse sieve 25 is followed by a fine sieve 27, in which the fragments which are too small and the dust are separated out and from there are fed again to the compression station 13. The selected fragments 23 arrive in a dosing and packing station 29 and are filled there into corresponding containers 31. At least the dosing and packing station 29 is also useful for the Workflow plans of Fig.n 1 and 2 added, but was not shown there for the sake of simplicity.

Die genannten weiteren Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Materials werden sowohl zum Aufsaugen von ausgelaufenen Flüssigkeiten als auch zur oben beschriebenen Verwendung als Füllmaterial für Verpackungen und Hohlräume in Baukonstruktionen oder Geräten eingesetzt. Je nach Einsatzzweck sind entweder die Strohmehlbriketts 15, das mehr oder weniger grobkörnige Strohgranulat 19 oder die unregelmäßigen Bruchstücke 23 besonders geeignet. Die drei genannten Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Materials unterscheiden sich in ihren Eigenschaften bezüglich der Saugwirkung und der Schall-, Wärme- und Stoßdämmung. Für spezielle Einsatz- zwecke ist es möglich, die genannten Ausführungsformen in bestimmten Anteilen untereinander zu mischen, wodurch die gewünschten Eigenschaften eingestellt werden können. Die Auswahl der Anteile und der spezifischen Formen und Größen des erfindungsgemäßen Materials bleibt dabei dem Fachmann überlassen.The mentioned further embodiments of the material according to the invention are used both for sucking up leaked liquids and for the use described above as filling material for packaging and cavities in building structures or devices. Depending on the intended use, either the straw meal briquettes 15, the more or less coarse-grained straw granules 19 or the irregular fragments 23 are particularly suitable. The three named embodiments of the material according to the invention differ in their properties with regard to the suction effect and the sound, heat and shock insulation. For special purposes, it is possible to mix the specified embodiments with one another in certain proportions, as a result of which the desired properties can be set. The choice of the proportions and the specific shapes and sizes of the material according to the invention is left to the person skilled in the art.

Das erfindungsgemäße Material zeichnet sich durch eine gute Polsterwirkung, verbunden mit einer hohen Saug- und Bindefähigkeit selbst gegenüber zähflüssigen Substanzen aus. Weiterhin besitzt es sehr gute Schall- und Wärmedämmungseigenschaften. Es wird ein natürlicher, nachwachsender Rohstoff verwendet, der nach Gebrauch relativ einfach entsorgt werden kann. Das Material kann als Verpackungsmaterial verwendet werden, welches einerseits einfach zu entsorgen ist, andererseits einen effektiven Schutz gegen auslaufende Flüssigkeiten insbesondere innerhalb der Verpackung darstellt. Es weist den Vorteil auf, daß mit einer geringeren Menge an Material eine große Menge von Flüssigkeit aufgesaugt werden kann.The material according to the invention is characterized by a good cushioning effect, combined with a high absorbency and binding capacity even with viscous substances. Furthermore, it has very good sound and heat insulation properties. A natural, renewable raw material is used, which can be disposed of relatively easily after use. The material can be used as packaging material which, on the one hand, is easy to dispose of and, on the other hand, provides effective protection against leaking liquids, particularly within the packaging. It has the advantage that a large amount of liquid can be absorbed with a smaller amount of material.

Claims (9)

Material aus Stroh (1) zum Verpacken von Gütern, insbesondere Flüssigkeiten beinhaltenden Gefäßen, zum Aufsaugen von ausgelaufenen dickflüssigen Flüssigkeiten und zur Schall-, Wärme- und Stoßdämmung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus gemahlenem und zu Strohmehlbriketts (15) gepreßtem Stroh (1) besteht.Material made of straw (1) for packaging goods, in particular containers containing liquids, for sucking up leaked viscous liquids and for sound, heat and shock insulation, characterized in that it is made from ground straw (1) pressed into straw meal briquettes (15) consists. Material nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus grob zermahlenen Strohmehlbriketts (15) besteht.Material according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of coarsely ground straw meal briquettes (15). Material nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus unregelmäßigen Bruchstücken (23) der gepreßten Strohmehl- briketts besteht.Material according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of irregular fragments (23) of the pressed straw flour briquettes. Material nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strohmehlbriketts (15) einen Durchmesser von etwa 8 - 10 mm und eine Länge von etwa 20 mm haben.Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the straw meal briquettes (15) have a diameter of approximately 8-10 mm and a length of approximately 20 mm. Material nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das durch Zermahlen der Strohmehlbriketts (15) entstandene Strohgranulat (13) einen Korndurchmesser von 3 - 5 mm hat.Material according to claim 2, characterized in that the straw granulate (13) formed by grinding the straw meal briquettes (15) has a grain diameter of 3-5 mm. Verwendung eines Materials aus Stroh gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 als Füllmaterial für Verpackungen von Gütern und für Hohlräume in Baukonstruktionen oder in Geräten.Use of a material made of straw according to one of claims 1 to 5 as filling material for packaging goods and for cavities in building structures or in devices. Verwendung eines Materials aus Stroh gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 als Saugstoff zum Aufsaugen von ausgelaufenen dickflüssigen Flüssigkeiten.Use of a material made of straw according to one of claims 1 to 5 as an absorbent for absorbing leaked viscous liquids. Verwendung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material zur Schall-, Wärme- und/oder Stoßdämmung eingesetzt wird.Use according to claim 6, characterized in that the material is used for sound, heat and / or shock insulation. Verfahren zum Herstellen des Materials nach Anspruch 2, bei dem man Stroh zu Mehl vermahlt und das Mehl durch Pressung zu Strohmehlbriketts verdichtet, die man zu Bruchstücken mit unregelmäßiger Außenfläche zerteilt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man für die Zerteilung die Strohmehlbriketts einer Grobmahlung unterwirft.A process for producing the material according to claim 2, in which straw is ground to flour and the flour is compressed by pressing to form straw flour briquettes which are broken up into fragments with an irregular outer surface, characterized in that the straw meal briquettes are subjected to a coarse grinding for the division.
EP93710022A 1992-12-29 1993-12-29 Liquid-shock-absorbing filler material Withdrawn EP0605358A1 (en)

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DE9217790U DE9217790U1 (en) 1992-12-29 1992-12-29 Absorbent and filling material
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DE4424403B4 (en) * 1994-07-11 2005-07-28 Josef Moser Processable mass of mainly vegetable material and process for their preparation
DE19719479C2 (en) * 1997-05-07 2003-12-24 Joki Haustechnik Gmbh Process for the preparation of a binder for mineral and vegetable oils and binders therefor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0310016A2 (en) * 1987-09-29 1989-04-05 Süd-Chemie Ag Litter for small animals
DE4025256C1 (en) * 1990-08-09 1992-01-23 Bio-Pack Verpackungs Gmbh & Co Kg, 4780 Lippstadt, De Prodn. of balls for packing filler material - comprises cutting, grinding and extruding stalk-type material with granular adhesive
DE4025257A1 (en) * 1990-08-09 1992-02-13 Bio Pack Verpackungs Gmbh Co Shock-absorbing wrapping cushioning material - has cushion filled with finely pulverised straw balls coated with hygroscopic material
DE4124179A1 (en) * 1990-08-10 1992-02-13 Helmut Nonnenmacher Enveloping or filling material - in form of small bodies made of fibres, strips, small chips etc., in natural materials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0310016A2 (en) * 1987-09-29 1989-04-05 Süd-Chemie Ag Litter for small animals
DE4025256C1 (en) * 1990-08-09 1992-01-23 Bio-Pack Verpackungs Gmbh & Co Kg, 4780 Lippstadt, De Prodn. of balls for packing filler material - comprises cutting, grinding and extruding stalk-type material with granular adhesive
DE4025257A1 (en) * 1990-08-09 1992-02-13 Bio Pack Verpackungs Gmbh Co Shock-absorbing wrapping cushioning material - has cushion filled with finely pulverised straw balls coated with hygroscopic material
DE4124179A1 (en) * 1990-08-10 1992-02-13 Helmut Nonnenmacher Enveloping or filling material - in form of small bodies made of fibres, strips, small chips etc., in natural materials

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