EP0604481B1 - Resistance a grande puissance refroidie par liquide - Google Patents

Resistance a grande puissance refroidie par liquide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0604481B1
EP0604481B1 EP92918785A EP92918785A EP0604481B1 EP 0604481 B1 EP0604481 B1 EP 0604481B1 EP 92918785 A EP92918785 A EP 92918785A EP 92918785 A EP92918785 A EP 92918785A EP 0604481 B1 EP0604481 B1 EP 0604481B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
resistor
duty
resistor element
insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92918785A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0604481A1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Bochtler
Rolf Neubert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0604481A1 publication Critical patent/EP0604481A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0604481B1 publication Critical patent/EP0604481B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/08—Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements
    • H01C1/082—Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements using forced fluid flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C3/00—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids
    • H01C3/02—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids arranged or constructed for reducing self-induction, capacitance or variation with frequency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquid-cooled high-load resistor.
  • a liquid-cooled power resistor is known from EP 0 066 902 B1.
  • This liquid-cooled power resistor consists of a cylindrical housing with two flanges. This housing is closed at the end with an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate. The flanges are cuboid in shape so that their corners protrude from the cylinder and are used for connection to the cover plates by means of fastening screws.
  • the closed housing is provided with two connections for deionized water, an inlet hole being provided in the lower connection and an outlet hole being provided in the upper connection.
  • Four panels are attached to the inside of the housing. They alternately leave a flow cross-section on the left and right and serve to deflect the deionized water.
  • the screens are also used as holders for the resistance conductor.
  • the upper and lower cover plates are each provided with a connecting pin and fixed with a nut. The resistance conductor is connected to these connection pins.
  • the cylinder with the flanges are made of aluminum and the cover plates are made of polypropylene. The deionized water used as coolant runs through the power resistor and is continuously treated in bypass operation.
  • this liquid-cooled power resistor still has a high inductance.
  • its resistance value is relatively high, for example 10 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ .
  • a liquid-cooled resistor which consists of a hollow body and a resistance carrier arranged in its interior. This resistance carrier is wound with resistance wire.
  • the hollow body and the resistance body consist of insulating material and are spaced apart from one another by an intermediate space forming a cooling channel. Which is connected to a coolant inflow to the lower end of the hollow body and to a coolant outflow at the upper end of the hollow body.
  • the resistance carrier consists of a rod-shaped body with radially arranged arms on which the resistance wire is wound bidirectionally. The ends of the resistance wire are each connected to an electrical connection.
  • Such a liquid-cooled resistor has a low inductance and can dissipate a high power loss.
  • it is disadvantageous that such resistors have a low insulating strength and the cooling liquid may not be electrically conductive. Due to the use of a thin wire as a resistance conductor, the resistance value of such a liquid-cooled resistor is very large.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a liquid-cooled high-load resistor which can dissipate a high power loss in a small space, is low-inductance and has a very low resistance value.
  • the chamber consists of two insulating plates and an insulating ring and that a bifilar wound conductor strip spiral is provided as a resistance element, which is stretched between the two insulating plates in such a way that the coolant flows through a rectangular channel.
  • the resistance element By arranging the resistance element directly in the cooling liquid, as a result of which the cooling liquid flows along the current-carrying resistance element, a high power loss can be dissipated to the cooling liquid.
  • the resistance element By designing the resistance element as a bifilar wound conductor strip spiral, the resulting inductance of the high-load resistor is kept to a minimum, with a flat strip being chosen as the resistance material, which, due to the geometry, has a low self-inductance compared to a round conductor.
  • the conductor strip of the resistance element is provided with an insulating layer. Ceramic material with which the conductor strip is coated can be provided as the insulating layer. It is therefore also possible to use conductive cooling liquid, for example service water, as the cooling liquid. Oil can also be used as a coolant. If the conductor strip of the resistance element is not insulated, deionized water is used as the cooling liquid.
  • the resistance element is mechanically fixed by means of knobs on at least one insulating plate.
  • These knobs are made of electrically non-conductive material, for example plastic. This simplifies the Assembly of the individual parts to form a high-load resistor and the resistance spiral has a uniform slope along the resistance flat strip, as a result of which a channel formed along the flat strip has a uniform cross section.
  • Another embodiment of the mechanical fixing of the resistance element is a bifilar groove in an insulating plate of the high-load resistor.
  • an insulating plate and an insulating ring of this high-load resistor form one design. This considerably simplifies the assembly, because the resistance element is first installed in the chamber of the high-load resistor and in a subsequent operation, this pre-assembled high-load resistor can be closed in a liquid-tight manner by means of the second insulating plate. By using a structural unit, only one sealing ring is required.
  • the space requirement for such a high-load resistor is small.
  • the resistance value can be adjusted by changing the length, the width or the thickness of the strip material. For an existing construction of the housing, the variation of the conductor strip thickness is appropriate.
  • the power loss to be dissipated is determined with the amount of liquid flowing through per unit of time.
  • the high-load resistor according to the invention Possibility to flow around the conductor tape spiral once or twice.
  • the coolant flows from the inlet to the center of the high-load resistor - the turning point of the bifilar wound conductor strip spiral - and back to the outlet.
  • a further inlet and outlet are arranged in the turning area of the bifilar wound conductor strip spiral. This creates two parallel cooling channels that can be flowed through in the same direction or in opposite directions with cooling liquid.
  • twice the amount of coolant can flow through this high-load resistor per unit of time, which also doubles the power dissipated to the coolant without changing the space requirement of the high-load resistor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of the liquid-cooled high-load resistor according to the invention.
  • This high-load resistor consists of a housing 2 and a resistance element 4, which is shown in more detail in Figure 3.
  • the housing 2 of the high-load resistor consists of a chamber 6, in which the resistance element 4 is arranged, and a cover 8.
  • an insulating plate is provided which is detachably closed with the chamber 6 by means of a circumferential sealing ring 10 in a liquid-tight manner.
  • the cover 8 can also not be detachably connected to the chamber 6.
  • the chamber 6 consists of an insulating plate 12 and an insulating ring 14.
  • the corners of the insulating ring 14 are designed as flanges or fastening tabs 16.
  • the insulating plate 12, which forms the bottom of the chamber 6, is likewise closed in a liquid-tight manner by means of a circumferential sealing ring.
  • the insulating ring 14 and the insulating plate 12 form a structural unit.
  • Knobs 18 made of electrically non-conductive material are provided for mechanically fixing the resistance element 4 on the insulating plate 12. These knobs 18 are alternately inserted on both sides along imaginary radial lines on the insulating plate 12. Deflection pins 20 and 22 are arranged in the interior of the resistance element 4, which are shown in FIG. 6 below. The electrical connections 24 and 26 of the resistance element 4 are arranged in the edge region of the chamber 6. Also in the edge region of the chamber 6, an inlet 28 and an outlet 30 for the coolant are arranged in the insulating plate 8.
  • the resistance element 4 is clamped in the chamber 6 by means of the insulating plate 8 and the releasable fastening elements in such a way that the cooling liquid flows through a rectangular channel 32.
  • the resistance element 4 is shown in more detail in FIG.
  • a bifilar wound conductor strip spiral 34 is provided, which is provided with an electrical connection 24 and 26 at its free ends.
  • a stainless steel band with the following dimensions 0.5x10x4,000 mm3 can be provided as the resistance material.
  • the deflection pins 20 and 22 are arranged eccentrically to the center point 40 of the chamber 6 of the high-load resistor. The distance from the center 36 to the center 40 is marked with a and the distance from the center 38 to the center 36 is marked with b. The bending radii of the conductor strip of the resistance element 4 can be determined by means of these distances.
  • a further inlet or a further outlet and in the center 38 can be arranged in addition to the deflecting pin 22, a further outlet or a further inlet.
  • a spiral channel 32 is obtained, through which the coolant always flows in the opposite direction relative to a partition (conductor strip).
  • the coolant By placing the Inlet 28, outlet 30, the further inlet and the further outlet, the coolant can flow in the two channels in the same direction or in the opposite direction.
  • the flow rate of the cooling liquid can be doubled through the second channel, as a result of which the power loss to be dissipated also doubles.
  • the conductor current is supplied and discharged at the electrical connections 24 and 26, the individual spiral paths are flowed through in the opposite direction by the current, as a result of which the resulting inductance of this resistance element 4 is minimal.
  • the resistance material has the form of a flat strip (FIG. 4), which, due to the geometry, has a lower self-inductance than a round conductor.
  • the electrical connection 24 or 26, of which only the connection 26 is shown in FIG. 4, consists of a web 42 which is arranged on a disk 44.
  • a threaded bolt 46 is attached to the side of the disk 44 facing away from the web 42.
  • the free end of the conductor strip spiral 34 is electrically conductively connected to the web 42.
  • an end face 48 of the web 42 terminates with the insulating ring 14 (chamber wall) and a web side 50 directed towards the inlet of the cooling channel 32 is chamfered so that the cooling liquid can enter and exit as swirl-free as possible.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further sectional illustration III-III according to FIG. 1.
  • This sectional view III-III shows on the one hand an electrical connection 24 and on the other hand the inlet 28 arranged in the insulating plate 8.
  • the electrical connection 24 consists of the parts of web 42, washer 44 and threaded bolt 46 (FIG. 4) and a connecting conductor 52, which is electrically conductively connected to the threaded bolt 46 by means of a nut 54 and a washer 56.
  • the inlet 28 consists of a connection piece 58, which is anchored in the insulating plate 8 in a liquid-tight manner by means of a seal 60.
  • a coolant hose 62 of a cooling system (not shown in any more detail) is plugged onto the connector 58.
  • the cooling liquid flows through the hose 62 and the nozzle 58 into the entrance of the cooling channel 32, the opening of which lies in the sectional plane. That is, the coolant emerges vertically from the drawing plane.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further sectional view IV-IV according to FIG. 1.
  • This illustration shows the deflecting pins 20 and 22 in the middle of the chamber 6 of the high-load resistor.
  • These deflecting pins 20 and 22 each also serve as receptacles for a releasable fastening means 64, with which the bifilar wound conductor strip spiral 34 is also pressed in the chamber 6 in the center of the high-load resistance.
  • this resistor has a resistance value of only 0.8 ⁇ with a load capacity of 5 kW at a flow rate of 3 l / min in the single-channel version.
  • the two-channel embodiment has a load capacity of 10 kW with a flow rate of 6 l / min.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Résistance de grande puissance refroidie par un liquide, constituée par un boîtier (2) et un élément résistif (4), l'élément résistif (4) étant disposé à l'intérieur d'une chambre (6) parcourue par un liquide de refroidissement depuis une arrivée jusqu'à une sortie (28,30), caractérisée par le fait que la chambre (6) est constituée de deux plaques isolantes (8,12) et d'une bague isolante (14) et qu'il est prévu, comme élément résistif (4), une bande conductrice spiralée (34) enroulée selon un enroulement bifilaire, qui est serrée de telle façon entre les deux plaques isolantes (8,12) que le liquide de refroidissement circule dans un canal de forme rectangulaire (32).
  2. Résistance de grande puissance refroidie par un liquide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la bande conductrice de l'élément résistif (4) est pourvue d'une couche isolante.
  3. Résistance de grande puissance refroidie par un liquide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la bande conductrice de l'élément résistif (4) est fixée mécaniquement, au moyen de boutons (18), sur une plaque isolante (12).
  4. Résistance de grande puissance refroidie par un liquide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la bande conductrice de l'élément résistif (4) est fixée mécaniquement au moyen d'une rainure guidée, selon un mode bifilaire, d'une plaque isolante (12), à cette dernière.
  5. Résistance de grande puissance refroidie par un liquide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'une plaque isolante (12) et la bague isolante (14) forment une unité de construction.
  6. Résistance de grande puissance refroidie par un liquide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'une entrée et une sortie (28,30) sont disposées au niveau de la zone marginale de la chambre (6) de la résistance de grande puissance.
  7. Résistance de grande puissance refroidie par un liquide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que des embouts de renvoi saillants (20,22) sont disposés à l'intérieur de l'élément résistif (4) et qu'une autre entrée et une autre sortie sont disposées au voisinage de l'embout de renvoi saillant de renvoi (20,22).
  8. Résistance de grande puissance refroidie par un liquide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les bornes électriques (24,26) de l'élément résistif (4) sont disposées dans la zone marginale de la chambre (6) de la résistance de grande puissance.
  9. Résistance de grande puissance refroidie par un liquide suivant les revendications 6 et 8, caractérisée par le fait que l'entrée et la sortie (28,30) et les bornes électriques (26) sont disposées en étant réciproquement alignées entre elles.
EP92918785A 1991-09-19 1992-09-08 Resistance a grande puissance refroidie par liquide Expired - Lifetime EP0604481B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9111719U 1991-09-19
DE9111719U DE9111719U1 (de) 1991-09-19 1991-09-19 Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Hochlastwiderstand
PCT/DE1992/000762 WO1993006605A1 (fr) 1991-09-19 1992-09-08 Resistance a grande puissance refroidie par liquide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0604481A1 EP0604481A1 (fr) 1994-07-06
EP0604481B1 true EP0604481B1 (fr) 1995-08-16

Family

ID=6871459

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92918785A Expired - Lifetime EP0604481B1 (fr) 1991-09-19 1992-09-08 Resistance a grande puissance refroidie par liquide

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5508677A (fr)
EP (1) EP0604481B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE126624T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2119366C (fr)
DE (2) DE9111719U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993006605A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9111719U1 (de) * 1991-09-19 1991-11-07 Siemens AG, 8000 München Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Hochlastwiderstand
DE9203354U1 (de) * 1992-03-12 1992-04-30 Siemens AG, 80333 München Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Hochlastwiderstand
DE9409441U1 (de) * 1994-06-10 1994-08-04 Siemens AG, 80333 München Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Hochlastwiderstand
US6452477B1 (en) * 2000-09-06 2002-09-17 Marconi Medical Systems, Inc. High voltage low inductance circuit protection resistor
US9034210B2 (en) * 2007-12-05 2015-05-19 Epcos Ag Feedstock and method for preparing the feedstock
US20090148802A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Process for heating a fluid and an injection molded molding
US20090146042A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Mold comprising a ptc-ceramic
US20090145977A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Injection molded nozzle and injector comprising the injection molded nozzle
US20090148657A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Injection Molded PTC-Ceramics
EP2897137B1 (fr) * 2014-01-16 2020-04-29 Vishay MCB Industrie Résistance électrique compacte à forte puissance
US9514864B2 (en) * 2014-02-24 2016-12-06 Sandia Corporation Solid-state resistor for pulsed power machines
DE102018133195B4 (de) * 2018-12-20 2021-04-08 Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh Hochstromwiderstand sowie Schaltungsanordnung
CN109545486A (zh) * 2019-01-09 2019-03-29 深圳市正阳兴电子科技有限公司 一种斩波电阻器及载体装置
US11451156B2 (en) 2020-01-21 2022-09-20 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises Llc Overvoltage clamp for a matrix converter
US11394264B2 (en) 2020-01-21 2022-07-19 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises Llc Motor assembly for driving a pump or rotary device with a low inductance resistor for a matrix converter

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE410792C (de) * 1925-03-05 Oerlikon Maschf Kuehlvorrichtung fuer elektrisch erwaermte, gewellte Metallbaender
GB191124679A (en) * 1910-11-07 1912-10-31 William Le Roy Emmet Improvements in and relating to Water Cooled Resistances.
US2254838A (en) * 1938-09-08 1941-09-02 Rca Corp Resistor
US3156889A (en) * 1962-06-14 1964-11-10 Aerospace Corp Rheostat
US3858146A (en) * 1973-06-04 1974-12-31 B Simonsen Electrical discharge resistor
DE3133485A1 (de) * 1980-09-15 1982-05-06 Peter 2563 Ipsach Herren Fluessigkeitsgekuehlte elektrische baugruppe
EP0066902B1 (fr) * 1981-05-21 1985-11-21 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Résistance de puissance refroidie par liquide et son application
DE3639239A1 (de) * 1986-11-17 1988-05-19 Siemens Ag Fluessigkeitsgekuehlter widerstand
DE9111719U1 (de) * 1991-09-19 1991-11-07 Siemens AG, 8000 München Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Hochlastwiderstand
DE9203354U1 (de) * 1992-03-12 1992-04-30 Siemens AG, 80333 München Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Hochlastwiderstand

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE9111719U1 (de) 1991-11-07
US5508677A (en) 1996-04-16
DE59203311D1 (de) 1995-09-21
EP0604481A1 (fr) 1994-07-06
CA2119366C (fr) 1997-06-17
WO1993006605A1 (fr) 1993-04-01
ATE126624T1 (de) 1995-09-15
CA2119366A1 (fr) 1993-04-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0604481B1 (fr) Resistance a grande puissance refroidie par liquide
EP2608632B1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé
WO2008083838A1 (fr) Bloc à semi-conducteurs destiné à être connecté à un enroulement de transformateur et ensemble transformateur ainsi obtenu
WO2008083839A1 (fr) Élément spire pour un enroument à bobine et ensemble transformateur
WO2021052965A1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage de fluide
EP0066902B1 (fr) Résistance de puissance refroidie par liquide et son application
DE10323882A1 (de) Brennstoffzelle und Heizeinrichtung einer Brennstoffzelle
EP0585611A2 (fr) Résistance de puissance pour se froidissement liquide
EP0581176B1 (fr) Dispositif de réchauffage électrique pour carburant diesel
DE9203354U1 (de) Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Hochlastwiderstand
WO2018096095A1 (fr) Appareil de chauffage d'un fluide
EP0770861A1 (fr) Sonde à tête de transmission en porte-à-faux
EP3699933A1 (fr) Conduite d'alimentation en énergie pour véhicules
DE102012007629A1 (de) Anordnung zum Temperieren, insbesondere Kühlen, von wärmeerzeugenden Bauelementen mit einer Kühlplatte
WO2019170307A1 (fr) Dispositif de refroidissement pour refroidir un composant de puissance
EP3459110B1 (fr) Unité de boîte de refroidissement et système électronique de puissance doté d'une unité de boîte de refroidissement
DE102019118834A1 (de) Fluiddurchströmter Kühlkörper
DE102021203718A1 (de) Adapter zum Anbinden eines Elektromotors an einen Inverter
DE102020008153A1 (de) Leistungselektronisches System mit einer Schalteinrichtung und mit einer Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung
DE202019005221U1 (de) Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
DE9100865U1 (de) Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Hochlastwiderstand
DE9409441U1 (de) Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Hochlastwiderstand
DE3902877C2 (fr)
DE102023105280A1 (de) Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
DE202019005714U1 (de) Fluiddurchströmter Kühlkörper

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19931020

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950104

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 126624

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19950915

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59203311

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950921

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19951024

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19960904

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19960926

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970908

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19970930

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19990909

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19990921

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19991118

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19991220

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000908

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 20000929

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000930

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000930

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20000908

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 92918785.4

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050908