EP0603036A1 - Optische Verarbeitungsvorrichtung für elektrische Signale - Google Patents

Optische Verarbeitungsvorrichtung für elektrische Signale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0603036A1
EP0603036A1 EP93402985A EP93402985A EP0603036A1 EP 0603036 A1 EP0603036 A1 EP 0603036A1 EP 93402985 A EP93402985 A EP 93402985A EP 93402985 A EP93402985 A EP 93402985A EP 0603036 A1 EP0603036 A1 EP 0603036A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
modulator
slm
fiber
optical fiber
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EP93402985A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0603036B1 (de
Inventor
Daniel Dolfi
Jean-Pierre Huignard
Jean Chazelas
Philippe Souchay
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06E—OPTICAL COMPUTING DEVICES; COMPUTING DEVICES USING OTHER RADIATIONS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES
    • G06E3/00—Devices not provided for in group G06E1/00, e.g. for processing analogue or hybrid data
    • G06E3/001—Analogue devices in which mathematical operations are carried out with the aid of optical or electro-optical elements
    • G06E3/005—Analogue devices in which mathematical operations are carried out with the aid of optical or electro-optical elements using electro-optical or opto-electronic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for optical processing of electrical signals and in particular a device applicable as a transverse filter or as a correlator of microwave signals.
  • the invention relates to a set of fiber optic devices allowing the processing of very broadband microwave signals and in particular performing the functions of matched filter and correlator. These devices exploit the chromatic dispersion properties of optical fibers but also the possibility of inducing Bragg gratings therein permanently.
  • a transverse filter performs the summation of samples of a signal, taken at different times, with a weighting law characteristic of the signal to be filtered.
  • a filter uses such a filter, one seeks to determine, for example, the date of appearance of a signal p (t), known a priori.
  • Such a filter if it maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio at time T, is said to be suitable.
  • the weighting method described for example in the document J. MAX “Methods and techniques of signal processing and applications to physical measurements", Masson, 1987 is an exemplary embodiment of such a filter.
  • the signal x (t) feeds a delay line consisting of N elements, each providing a delay T.
  • N + 1 points of the signal p (t) p (0), p ( ⁇ ), ... p (N ⁇ ).
  • the invention relates to a device making it possible to obtain a large number of samples on very high frequency signals, typically n ⁇ 1024 from 0 to 20 GHz.
  • C (t o ) 1 b ⁇ T R (t - t o ) S (t) dt or R (t-t0) is a suitably delayed reference signal S (t) is the signal to correlate T is the integration time b is the noise power density per Hz.
  • the object of this calculation is to determine the value of t0 which ensures the maximum of the correlation function C (t0). It is thus necessary to have a large number of samples of the reference signal delayed by different values of t0 in order to ensure with precision the determination of t0 which maximizes C (t0).
  • Such a function can be performed in electronics but it is limited to signals whose frequency and bandwidth do not exceed some 100 MHz. This limitation is due to the samples being too slow and the memory capacities too low.
  • Fiber-optic devices realizing the correlation of two optically transported signals have already been proposed (see for example French Patent Applications n ° 87 10120 and n ° 91 112040).
  • the correlator which is the subject of the invention has the advantage of not requiring a time reversal of one of the two signals and uses a photodetector with reduced bandwidth.
  • This device comprises in series a laser L, an electrooptical modulator MOD, an optical fiber F, a dispersive network H or dispersive wavelength device, a spatial light modulator SLM, a lens (LE), a photodetector PD.
  • the laser L provides a beam B1 multi-wavelength ⁇ 1, ... ⁇ N. It is for example, a solid state laser pumped diode delivering a continuous broadband spectrum or a large set of longitudinal modes. This beam is coupled in the MOD modulator.
  • each wavelength ⁇ 1 to ⁇ N can be considered as a carrier independent of the signal x (t).
  • the beam B2 from the MOD modulator is coupled into the single-mode optical fiber F, used in a spectral range where it is dispersive, that is to say where the refractive index n of the fiber depends on the wavelength.
  • the beam B3 coming from the optical fiber F comprises the different wavelengths delivered by the source L all modulated by the modulator MOD, but these different wavelengths undergo different delays during the crossing of the fiber due to the different refractive index n for each wavelength.
  • the beam B3 then meets the dispersive network H, operating for example in transmission.
  • the latter spatially separates the different wavelength components of the optical carrier.
  • Each component then passes through an element of the SLM spatial light modulator.
  • the transmission of each element of the modulator is variable according to the voltage which is applied to it and thus allows to apply to each component the desired weighting.
  • An optical system LE then performs the summation of all the components, on a single photodetector PD.
  • the photodiode PD delivers a photocurrent proportional to the sum:
  • the first term Y0 is a constant bias while the second Y1 (t0) is the result of the adapted filtering of x (t).
  • Such a fiber length at these wavelengths, introduces optical transmission losses of the order of 8dB (2dB / km).
  • FIG. 4 a variant of the device in FIG. 2 will now be described.
  • the optical fiber is no longer used as a dispersive medium. On the contrary, it is used at a wavelength for which the dispersion is minimal.
  • Bragg gratings tuned to wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N , working in reflection are photoinduced in the fiber. Bragg's agreement at different wavelengths is obtained by varying the period of the photoinduced grating.
  • the registration method is analogous to that described for example in the document G. Meltz, WW Morey, WH Glenn "Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method" Opt. Lett., 14, 823 (1989) and uses a UV laser, ensuring the permanence of the networks.
  • the laser source L emits an extended spectrum ⁇ , containing wavelengths ⁇ 1 ... ⁇ N.
  • the beam B1 which results therefrom is linearly polarized. It is then coupled in the MOD modulator identical to that previously described, excited by the hyper x (t) signal to be filtered.
  • This multifrequency optical carrier is then coupled in the network fiber, where each component will undergo reflection at a different abscissa. This fiber is polarization maintaining in order to be able to easily separate the incident and reflected beams.
  • FIG. 8 represents another alternative embodiment in which, when the divergence of the multifrequency beam B4 is too large compared to the size of the pixels of the SLM modulator or when a very compact system is desired, it is advantageous to use the symmetrical system of figure 8.
  • L c and L ' c are symmetrical lenses, for example with the same focal length.
  • H and H ' are similar networks. All the wavelengths are thus recombined in a single direction before being summed by means of the output lens.
  • the SLM pixels have the dimensions of the light lines formed by L c .
  • the spherical output lens and the single detector of FIG. 8 are replaced respectively by a cylindrical lens, parallel to Lc, and by a strip of photodiodes.
  • SLM becomes a two-dimensional spatial light modulator (Nxp pixels). Each line of the SLM has q independently addressable pixels. Each pixel is associated with an element of the photodiodes array. The system thus makes it possible in parallel to carry out the filtering adapted to q different signals which may be contained in the signal x (t).
  • the device of the invention is also applicable to a correlator of electrical signals (microwave in particular).
  • the CCD optical detection device can comprise as many elementary detectors as there are image elements and that these detectors are coupled to a charge transfer device.
  • the role of this device is to correlate two electrical signals S (t) and R (t).
  • the first electrooptical modulator MOD1 uses the signal S (t) to modulate the beam B1.
  • the second electrooptical modulator MOD2 uses the signal R (t) to modulate the beam B3 coming from the fiber F.
  • the beam B3 is, as we have seen previously, made up of a plurality of elementary beams of different optical wavelengths and having undergone different delays in the optical fiber F.
  • the modulator MOD2 therefore applies a modulation to each of these beams elementary. This therefore amounts to each of these elementary beams having an amplitude proportional to the product of the modulations S (t) and R (t), produced at different times for each of these elementary beams.
  • the dispersive network H spatially distributes the components of the beam B'3 each corresponding to a wavelength (or a narrow range of wavelengths).
  • the different elementary beams of the beam B4 are modulated by the spatial light modulator SLM and then transmitted to the photodetectors CCD.
  • the role of the SLM modulator is to correct the dispersions of the L source as well as of the transmission system (fibers in particular).
  • the SLM modulator may not exist and this correction can be made at the level of the detection on the CCD detector or at the level of the processing of the signal detected by the CCD.
  • This device provides the same advantages as devices 2 and 4 and allows optically inconsistent detection on each element of the CCD.
  • FIG. 6 represents an alternative embodiment of the correlator of the invention.
  • the laser L emitting on a broad spectrum ⁇ , is coupled to two modulators MOD1 and MOD2 such as those described above ( ⁇ F ⁇ 20 GHz). They are respectively excited by the signals S (t) and R (t).
  • the beams from these modulators are linearly polarized and pass through polarization splitters or cube polarization splitters PBS1 and PBS2. They are then coupled into two optical fibers F1, F2 with polarization maintenance of the same length 1 where networks have been photoinduced identical to those previously described.
  • the networks are arranged so as to reflect successively ⁇ 1 then ⁇ 2, ... ⁇ N. The order is reversed in fiber F2.
  • the different components of the optical carriers S (t) and R (t) pass through the ⁇ / 4 plates and are perfectly reflected by PBS1 and PBS2.
  • the beam reflected by the fiber F1 undergoes a polarization rotation of 90 ° and passes through PBS2.
  • the carriers of the signals R (t) and S (t) are superimposed at the end of PBS2 and their polarizations are crossed.
  • This doubled beam then passes through a dispersive network H where the different wavelengths are spatially dispersed.
  • Each of them passes through a first spatial light modulator SLM1.
  • the latter is, for example, a liquid crystal cell operating in electrically controlled birefringence.
  • the polarization coincides for example with the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the refractive index seen by this polarization varies, depending on the voltage applied to the pixel, between n0 and n e (ordinary and extraordinary indices of the liquid crystal). On the contrary the polarization sees a constant refractive index n0.
  • SLM1 therefore makes it possible to control the relative phase shift ⁇ of the carriers of S (t) and R (t).
  • a polarizer P oriented at 45 ° from the othogonal polarization directions allows the recombination of these two polarizations.
  • a second spatial modulator SLM2 attached to the first and counting the same number of pixels, makes it possible to control the weights ak assigned to each channel of wavelength component.
  • an optical system makes it possible to focus each channel on one of the elements of a multiple PDA photodetector, for example of the CCD type.
  • each pixel of the CCD delivers a signal proportional to the correlation product S (t) * R (t).
  • the photocurrent delivered by the photodetector l is proportional to:
  • the total bandwidth of the system is ⁇ F.
  • the number of channels or samples of the correlation signal is N.
  • a CCD pixel for an integration time of 1 ms allows the detection of 1 pW, that is to say a detectivity of the order of 3.10W2 pW / Hz 1/2
  • the NEP noise equivalent power
  • the duration of the integration is not in this case optimum since it is much less than the duration of the reading of the CCD strip (reading frequency ⁇ 20 MHz for 103 pixels)).
  • FIG. 7 represents an alternative embodiment of FIG. 6.
  • the fiber F1 has chromatic dispersion over a domain of optical wavelength ⁇ .
  • the F2 fiber is practically free from dispersion.
  • the PBS1 device located at the output of the fiber F1 is in fact a reflection device.
  • the PBS2 device located at the outlet of fiber F2 makes it possible to combine the beams coming from fibers F1 and F2.
  • the device SP located at the inputs of the fibers F1, F2 is a polarization splitter.
  • the beams transmitted to the fibers F1, F2 could also be of same direction of polarization and the SP device could be a light splitter.
  • the superimposed beams coming from the fibers F1, F2 are transmitted by the dispersive network H and the spatial light modulators SLM1 and SLM2 to the optical detection device CCD.
  • the product on each CCD detector thus has: that is to say
  • the single laser source L is replaced after a set of p sources each emitting a spectrum ⁇ / p.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
EP93402985A 1992-12-15 1993-12-10 Optische Verarbeitungsvorrichtung für elektrische Signale Expired - Lifetime EP0603036B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9215085 1992-12-15
FR9215085A FR2699295B1 (fr) 1992-12-15 1992-12-15 Dispositif de traitement optique de signaux électriques.

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EP0603036A1 true EP0603036A1 (de) 1994-06-22
EP0603036B1 EP0603036B1 (de) 1999-07-28

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EP93402985A Expired - Lifetime EP0603036B1 (de) 1992-12-15 1993-12-10 Optische Verarbeitungsvorrichtung für elektrische Signale

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US (1) US5428697A (de)
EP (1) EP0603036B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69325784T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2699295B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2722007A1 (fr) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-05 Thomson Csf Filtre transverse et application a un correlatuer optique de signaux electriques

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WO1996026554A1 (fr) * 1995-02-24 1996-08-29 Thomson-Csf Dephaseur hyperfrequence et application a une antenne reseaux
FR2732783B1 (fr) * 1995-04-07 1997-05-16 Thomson Csf Dispositif compact de retroprojection
US5859945A (en) * 1996-04-01 1999-01-12 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Array type light emitting element module and manufacturing method therefor
US5754718A (en) * 1996-08-26 1998-05-19 Jds Fitel Inc. Hybrid optical filtering circuit
FR2755516B1 (fr) 1996-11-05 1999-01-22 Thomson Csf Dispositif compact d'illumination
US5943453A (en) * 1997-03-14 1999-08-24 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University All fiber polarization splitting switch
GB9712020D0 (en) * 1997-06-09 1997-08-06 Northern Telecom Ltd Equalisation, pulse shaping and regeneration of optical signals
JP3913856B2 (ja) * 1997-08-28 2007-05-09 富士通株式会社 光パルス生成装置、分散測定装置、分散補償装置及び分散測定方法
FR2769154B1 (fr) * 1997-09-30 1999-12-03 Thomson Csf Dispositif de synchronisation precise
US6016371A (en) * 1997-12-19 2000-01-18 Trw Inc. Optical RF signal processing
FR2779579B1 (fr) 1998-06-09 2000-08-25 Thomson Csf Dispositif de commande optique pour l'emission et la reception d'un radar large bande
US6396971B1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2002-05-28 T Squared G, Inc Optical digital waveform generator
US6607313B1 (en) * 1999-06-23 2003-08-19 Jds Fitel Inc. Micro-optic delay element for use in a polarization multiplexed system
US6819872B2 (en) 1999-06-23 2004-11-16 Jds Uniphase Corporation Micro-optic delay element for use in a time division multiplexed system
WO2001059960A1 (en) * 2000-02-08 2001-08-16 University Of Southern California Optical compensation for dispersion-induced power fading in optical transmission of double-sideband signals
US6434291B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-08-13 Confluent Photonics Corporations MEMS-based optical bench
FR2819061B1 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2003-04-11 Thomson Csf Dispositif de controle de polarisation dans une liaison optique
GB0100425D0 (en) * 2001-01-08 2001-02-21 Elettronica Systems Ltd Apparatus for generating electrical signals with ultra-wide band arbitrary waveforms
US20040208646A1 (en) * 2002-01-18 2004-10-21 Seemant Choudhary System and method for multi-level phase modulated communication
CA2481655C (en) * 2002-04-09 2010-06-15 Telecom Italia S.P.A. Apparatus and method for measuring chromatic dispersion by variable wavelength
FR2860291B1 (fr) * 2003-09-26 2005-11-18 Thales Sa Dispositif capteur de vitesse de rotation interferometrique a fibre optique
US7269312B2 (en) * 2003-11-03 2007-09-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Bipolar RF-photonic transversal filter with dynamically reconfigurable passbands
US7233261B2 (en) * 2004-09-24 2007-06-19 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Microwave frequency electro-optical beam deflector and analog to digital conversion
FR2880204B1 (fr) * 2004-12-23 2007-02-09 Thales Sa Source laser a recombinaison coherente de faisceaux
FR2887082B1 (fr) * 2005-06-10 2009-04-17 Thales Sa Laser a semi-conducteur a tres faible bruit
GB2432946B (en) * 2005-12-01 2010-10-20 Filtronic Plc A method and device for generating an electrical signal with a wideband arbitrary waveform
FR2945348B1 (fr) 2009-05-07 2011-05-13 Thales Sa Procede d'identification d'une scene a partir d'images polarisees multi longueurs d'onde

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GB2189028A (en) * 1986-04-14 1987-10-14 Marconi Co Ltd Optical analyser and signal processor
US5007705A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-04-16 United Technologies Corporation Variable optical fiber Bragg filter arrangement
EP0473121A2 (de) * 1990-08-31 1992-03-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Logarithmisches Koordinatentransformationsverfahren, Visionserkennungsverfahren und optisches Informationsverarbeitungsgerät

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2722007A1 (fr) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-05 Thomson Csf Filtre transverse et application a un correlatuer optique de signaux electriques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5428697A (en) 1995-06-27
EP0603036B1 (de) 1999-07-28
DE69325784D1 (de) 1999-09-02
DE69325784T2 (de) 2000-03-09
FR2699295B1 (fr) 1995-01-06
FR2699295A1 (fr) 1994-06-17

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