EP0599251B1 - Use in viscous coupling of a fluid comprising a polyorganosiloxane and a viscosity inhibitor - Google Patents

Use in viscous coupling of a fluid comprising a polyorganosiloxane and a viscosity inhibitor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0599251B1
EP0599251B1 EP93118776A EP93118776A EP0599251B1 EP 0599251 B1 EP0599251 B1 EP 0599251B1 EP 93118776 A EP93118776 A EP 93118776A EP 93118776 A EP93118776 A EP 93118776A EP 0599251 B1 EP0599251 B1 EP 0599251B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
represented
general formula
ester
hydrocarbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93118776A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0599251A1 (en
Inventor
Norio Yano
Kenichi Sekine
Ikuo Fukuhara
Yukio Yuhashi
Masahiko Fukuda
Manabu Tohyama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cosmo Oil Co Ltd
Viscodrive Japan Ltd
DuPont Toray Specialty Materials KK
Original Assignee
Cosmo Oil Co Ltd
Dow Corning Asia Ltd
Viscodrive Japan Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cosmo Oil Co Ltd, Dow Corning Asia Ltd, Viscodrive Japan Ltd filed Critical Cosmo Oil Co Ltd
Publication of EP0599251A1 publication Critical patent/EP0599251A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0599251B1 publication Critical patent/EP0599251B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/045—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/50—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/06—Sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/48—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M129/54—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M131/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
    • C10M131/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen
    • C10M131/12—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
    • C10M135/04—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
    • C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
    • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
    • C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
    • C10M139/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00 having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. silanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/123—Reaction products obtained by phosphorus or phosphorus-containing compounds, e.g. P x S x with organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/002—Traction fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/043—Sulfur; Selenenium; Tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/146—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membeered aromatic rings having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
    • C10M2211/044—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/083—Dibenzyl sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/086—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing sulfur atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
    • C10M2223/121—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy of alcohols or phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
    • C10M2225/041—Hydrocarbon polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
    • C10M2229/025—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/0405—Siloxanes with specific structure used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C10M2229/0415—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
    • C10M2229/0425—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/043—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C10M2229/0435—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/044—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydrogen bonds
    • C10M2229/0445—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydrogen bonds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/045—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds
    • C10M2229/0455—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/046—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds
    • C10M2229/0465—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/047—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups
    • C10M2229/0475—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/048—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups
    • C10M2229/0485—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/0505—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/051—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/051—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
    • C10M2229/0515—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/052—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen
    • C10M2229/0525—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/053—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing sulfur
    • C10M2229/0535—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing sulfur used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/054—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing phosphorus
    • C10M2229/0545—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing phosphorus used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/10—Groups 5 or 15
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fluid composition for use in a viscous coupling insusceptible to viscosity decreases and gelation during prolonged use.
  • a viscous coupling is a shaft coupling which depends on the viscosity of a working fluid for its action and is mounted in a differential mechanism or on a propeller shaft as an aid to achieving cruising stability of automobiles or extricating the automobile from off-road conditions. Its durability largely depends on the performance of the working fluid with which it is filled.
  • a viscous coupling is composed of a housing, a hub and several tens of thin annular iron plates attached to each of the housing and the hub, with a highly viscous working fluid being confined in the coupling.
  • JP-B-58-48779 The term "JP-B” as used herein means an "examined Japanese patent publication").
  • a viscous coupling depends on the viscous drag of the working fluid for its action and if it is to be installed in an automobile, it is required that the coupling be of the smallest possible size and yet be capable of generating the necessary torque. Therefore, working fluids of comparatively high viscosity have been employed with viscous couplings. Other requirements for working fluids used in viscous couplings are a small temperature dependency of the viscosity and a high stability at elevated temperatures. While silicone fluids have been conventionally used as working fluids, the most common is a dimethylpolysiloxane fluid having a viscosity of 5,000 to 500,000 centistokes (cSt) at 25°C.
  • cSt centistokes
  • this fluid has a potential to become very hot due to heat generation from shearing action on the fluid or the friction between plate assemblies and it often happens that during prolonged use, the fluid's viscosity increases until it eventually gels. If the working fluid in a viscous coupling undergoes a significant change in its viscosity or if it gels, the initial setting for the performance of the viscous coupling is no longer applicable. This has been the problem with conventional working fluids for viscous couplings that requires solution. On the other hand, if the working fluid in a viscous coupling is heated to relatively high temperatures, it undergoes thermal decomposition that causes viscosity decreases, making it impossible to maintain the initial setting for the performance of the viscous coupling.
  • FR-A-2 539 426 discloses a lubricant for use as an engine oil which comprises 25-98% by weight of a phenylalkyl silicone and optionally various additives including a sulfonate-, phenate- or salicylate-type detergent dispersant. No use of the lubricant in a viscous coupling is suggested. The detergent dispersant is present for dispersing deteriorate products generated in the inside of the engine into the oil.
  • a stable working fluid for use in a viscous coupling that is insusceptible to viscosity decreases due to thermal decomposition can be produced by incorporating a sulfonate, phenate or salicylate in a polyorganosiloxane fluid as a base oil and that a stable working fluid for use in a viscous coupling that is also insusceptible to viscosity increases or gelation can be produced by further incorporating a sulfur, phosphorus or chlorine compound in the foregoing system.
  • the present invention has been accomplished on the basis of this finding.
  • a fluid composition in a viscous coupling which comprises the following component (A) and 0.01-10 wt.% of the following component (B):
  • the base oil of the fluid composition according to the present invention is a polyorganosiloxane represented by the average unit formula (1), in which R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group or halogenated hydrocarbon group.
  • R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group or halogenated hydrocarbon group.
  • Illustrative hydrocarbon groups are C 1-12 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl) and C 6-18 aromatic hydrocarbon groups.
  • Illustrative halogenated hydrocarbon groups are the hydrocarbon groups listed above in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine).
  • Desirable aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups are those which have 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, trifluoropropyl and octenyl groups.
  • Exemplary aromatic hydrocarbon groups include phenyl, tolyl and xylyl groups. These groups which are bound to silicon atoms may be the same or different.
  • Polyorganosiloxane has a straight-chained skeleton with minor amounts of branched portions being optionally present. With polyorganosiloxane compounds of the formula (1), the suffix a is close to 2.0 if they are straight-chained and have high molecular weights. The suffix a is greater than 2.0 if they have low molecular weights. The suffix a is smaller than 2.0 if they contain branched moieties.
  • polydimethylsiloxane examples include polydimethylsiloxane, Polydimethyl-methylphenylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, polydimethyl-diphenylsiloxane, polymethylhexylsiloxane, polymethyloctylsiloxane, polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane, and polydimethylmethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane. Besides these homopolymers and copolymers, mixtures thereof may be employed.
  • the molecular chain of the polyorganosiloxane fluid is preferably terminated with a triorganosilyl groups, such as trimethylsilyl or triethylsilyl group.
  • the polyorganosiloxane fluids listed above have viscosities at 25°C in the range of from 3,000 to 500,000, more preferably from 4,000 to 450,000, particularly from 5,000 to 400,000 centistokes. If their viscosity is too low, they produce such a small viscous drag that the capacity of the viscous coupling must be greatly increased. If their viscosity is too high, they produce such a high viscous drag that excessive heat generation may impair the durability of the viscous coupling.
  • the polyorganosiloxane fluid is incorporated as a base oil.
  • the base oil content assumes the major proportion of the composition, usually in the range of from 90 to 99.99 wt%, preferably 95 to 99.95 wt%, of the composition.
  • the base oil (A) made of the foregoing polyorganosiloxane comprises a small amount of one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfonate, phenate and salicylate incorporated therein.
  • Examples of the sulfonate to be used in the present invention include metallic salts of aliphatic sulfonic acid (R 20 -SO 3 H in which R 20 is an alkyl group) and aromatic sulfonic acid (Ar-SO 3 H in which Ar is an aryl group) with the Group I and II metals of the Periodic Table.
  • metallic salts of aliphatic sulfonic acid R 20 -SO 3 H in which R 20 is an alkyl group
  • Ar-SO 3 H in which Ar is an aryl group aromatic sulfonic acid
  • these metals include alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, and strontium).
  • Sulfonates which are desirable particularly in the present invention can be easily prepared by an ordinary method which comprises allowing an alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbon to undergo reaction with fuming sulfuric acid or SO 3 gas to effect sulfonation thereof, and the allowing the sulfonated compound to undergo reaction with an oxide or hydroxide of a metal of the Group I or II of the Periodic Table in the presence or absence of carbon dioxide gas.
  • the reaction in the presence of carbon dioxide gas produces a perbasic sulfonate while the reaction in the absence of carbon dioxide gas produces a neutral sulfonate.
  • the alkylaromatic hydrocarbon to be used in the preparation method is represented by the general formula Ar(R 21 )(R 22 ) wherein Ar represents an aryl group, R 21 represents a hydrogen atom or C 10-22 alkyl group and R 22 is preferably a C 8-22 alkyl group if R 21 is a hydrogen atom or C 3-10 alkyl group if R 21 is an alkyl group.
  • Examples of the C 10-22 alkyl group include dodecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group, octadecyl group, oleyl group, and hydrocarbon group derived from oligomer of olefin such as propylene and butylene.
  • Examples of the C 3-10 alkyl group include propyl group, butyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, and nonyl group.
  • the phenate to be used in the present invention is a phenolate.
  • Preferred examples of such a phenolate include salts of sulfide of an alkylphenol having a C 8-30 alkyl group added thereto with alkaline earth metals (preferably calcium, magnesium, barium). These phenolates are described, for example, in JP-A-57-142393. As one of these phenolates there is commercially available COSMO PAD210 from Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd.
  • the salicylate to be used in the present invention is preferably a salicylate of an alkaline earth metal.
  • Typical examples of such a salicylate of an alkaline earth metal include salicylates of calcium and magnesium.
  • these salicylates can be obtained by alkylating phenol with a C 14-18 ⁇ -olefin, making a salt of the alkylated phenol with an alkaline metal, allowing the salt to undergo Kolbe-Schmitt reaction to introduce carboxyl groups thereinto, and then subjecting the material to double decomposition or the like to produce a salicylate of an alkaline earth metal.
  • These salicylates are described, for example, in JP-B-61-24560 and JP-B-61-24561.
  • the component (B) is blended in the composition of the present invention in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt%, particularly 0.1 to 5 wt%. If the content of the component (B) falls below 0.01 wt%, a sufficient effect of inhibiting the viscosity decreases cannot be attained. On the contrary, if the content of the component (B) exceeds 10 wt%, the improvement in such an effect cannot be expected too much.
  • composition of the present invention can be rendered insusceptible to viscosity decreases.
  • one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfur compounds, phosphorus compounds and chlorine compounds represented by the following general formulae (I) to (XI) the composition of the present invention can be rendered insusceptible also to viscosity increases or gelation.
  • the group R 2 is a hydrocarbon.
  • a hydrocarbon group include C 2-20 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl), and C 6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group.
  • Specific examples of these hydrocarbon groups include ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, nonyl group, dodecyl group, propenyl group, butenyl group, benzyl group, phenyl group, tolyl group, and hexylphenyl group.
  • the group R 3 is a divalent hydrocarbon group such as C 2-20 straight-chained or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group and C 6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group. Specific examples of these divalent hydrocarbon groups include ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, and phenylene group.
  • Typical examples of the sulfur compound (I) include olefin sulfide, and polysulfide compound represented by the general formula R 2 -S x -R 2 (in which x is an integer 2 or more).
  • sulfur compound (I) examples include diisobutyl disulfide, dioctyl polysulfide, ditertiary nonyl polysulfide, ditertiary butyl polysulfide, dibenzyl polysulfide, sulfurized olefins prepared by sulfurizing olefins such as polyisobutylene and terpenes with a sulfurizing agent such as sulfur, and the reaction product of isobutylene and sulfur, which is presumed, but not proven, to have the general formula: and/or the general formula: wherein X and n have the same meanings as described above.
  • the component (II) is a hardened oil or fat that is the reaction product of an oil or fat with sulfur.
  • Illustrative fats and oils include lard, tallow, whale oil, palm oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil and many other animal and vegetable oil and fats.
  • the reaction products of these fats and oils and sulfur are not simple in their chemical structure and instead are mixtures of various chemical structures which themselves are not clearly identified.
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 which may be the same or different each represents a hydrocarbon group such as C 3-20 , particularly C 3-12 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl) and C 6-20 aromatic hydrocarbon group.
  • hydrocarbon groups include propyl group, butyl group, nonyl group, dodecyl group, octenyl group, phenyl group, and tolyl group.
  • zinc dithiophosphate (III) examples include zinc diisobutyldithiophosphate, zinc dipentyldithiophosphate, zinc di-1-methylheptyldithiophosphate, zinc di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, and zinc diphenyldithiophosphate.
  • R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 which may be the same or different each represents an alkyl group preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly 3 to 12 carbon atoms, such as propyl group, butyl group, nonyl group and dodecyl group.
  • Me represents a metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Pb, Mo and Sb.
  • Specific examples of the compound (IV) include zinc diisobutyldithiocarbamate, zinc diamyldithiocarbamate and zinc didodecyldicarbamate.
  • Sulfur as the component (V) is used in powder form. When it is put into the polyorganosiloxane fluid and heated to about 150 to 250°C with stirring, it will be dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the polyorganosiloxane fluid.
  • R 12 and R 13 each represents a divalent hydrocarbon group such as C 2-20 straight-chained or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group and C 6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group. Specific examples of these divalent hydrocarbon groups include ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, and phenylene group.
  • An example of the sulfur compound (VI) is a compound represented by the following general formula:
  • cyclic sulfur compound may be prepared by the synthesis method described, for example, in U.S. Patent 3,925,414.
  • an olefin such as isobutylene may be reacted with sulfur monohalide to give a product which is then reacted with an alkali mercaptide.
  • the group R 14 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group such as C 5-20 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl), C 6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group and cycloalkyl group.
  • these phosphorus additives include monooctyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, dioctyl thiophosphate, trioctyl thiophosphate, didecyl phosphate, didecyl phosphite, didodecyl phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate, didodecyl phosphite, tridodecyl phosphite, tridodecyl thiophosphate, trihexadecyl phosphate, trihexadecyl phosphite, trihexadecyl thiophosphate, trioctadecenyl phosphate, trioctadecenyl phosphite, trioctadecenyl thiophosphate, tri
  • the component (VIII) is an alkylamine salt of acidic phosphoric ester, acidic phosphorous ester, acidic thiophosphoric ester or acidic dithiophosphoric ester represented by the general formula (6).
  • the acidic phosphoric ester is particularly suitable for use in a viscous coupling. Specific examples of these compounds include butyl acid phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, octyl acid phosphate, lauryl acid phosphate, oleyl acid phosphate, and tolyl acid phosphate.
  • the alkylamine to be used for the neutralization of these compounds is represented by the general formula of NR 23 R 24 R 25 (R 23 , R 24 and R 25 each represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or hydrogen atom, with the proviso that at least one of R 23 , R 24 and R 25 is a hydrocarbon group).
  • Specific examples of these compounds include dibutylamine, octylamine, dioctylamine, laurylamine, dilaurylamine, coconut amine, and tallow amine.
  • Examples of these compounds which are commercially available in the form of salts include "Ortholeum 535" (Du Pont), "Vanlube 672" (Vanderbuild), and "Irgalube 349" (Ciba Geigy).
  • the hydrocarbon as a starting material of the component (IX) is a hydrocarbon having one or more double bonds and containing about 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of phosphorus sulfide as the other starting material include P 2 S 5 , P 2 S 4 , and P 2 S 3 .
  • Examples of the reaction product of such a hydrocarbon and phosphorus sulfide include those obtained by phosphosulfurizing terpenes, low molecular polybutylenes or olefins.
  • R 15 and R 16 may be the same or different and each represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group such as C 1-25 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl), C 6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group and cycloalkyl group.
  • R 15 and R 16 are the same and each represents an alkyl group.
  • R 17 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having less than about 20 carbon atoms, such as alkylene group and aryl-substituted alkylene group.
  • the amine to be used for the neutralization of the reaction product (X) is an aliphatic, aromatic or alicyclic primary amine having about 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Specific examples of the foregoing compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen include a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester hydroxyethyl-O,O'-dihexyldithiophosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide with dodecylamine, a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester hydroxypropyl-O,O'-dihexyldithiophosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide with octadecylamine, a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester hydroxyhexyl-O,O'-dihexyldithiophosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide with dodecylamine, a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester phenylhydroxyethyl-O,O'-dihexyldithiophosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide with dodecylamine, and a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester hydroxy
  • the foregoing compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen can be normally prepared by reacting 1 mol of an inorganic phosphorus chemical with about 1 to 5 mols of triester dithiophosphate to produce an acidic intermediate, and then substantially neutralizing the intermediate with an amine. If the foregoing hydrocarbon sulfide has too low a molecular weight, it is subject to evaporation loss. On the contrary, if the hydrocarbon sulfide has too high a molecular weight, it cannot thoroughly exert its desirable effect. On the other hand, if the phosphorus-containing organic compound has too few carbon atoms, it cannot thoroughly exert its desirable effect. The phosphorus-containing organic compound having too many carbon atoms are hardly available.
  • R 18 and R 19 which may be the same or different is preferably a C 4-8 alkyl group.
  • R 18 and R 19 are the same and each represents an alkyl group.
  • diester include dibutyl chlorendate, dihexyl chlorendate, dioctyl chlorendate, and di-2-ethylhexyl chlorendate.
  • the foregoing diester can be prepared by reacting the carboxyl group in chlorendic acid with a C 4-8 alcohol.
  • chlorendic acid is represented as 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo-(2,2,1)-hepto-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid. It can be prepared by a so-called Diels-Alder addition of the corresponding chlorinated cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride.
  • the sulfur compound (I) is preferably blended in the fluid composition for use in a viscous coupling according to the present invention in an amount of about 0.01 to 10% by weight (hereinafter simply referred to as "%"), particularly about 0.1 to 5%.
  • the component (I) is too low, the desired effect cannot be thoroughly attained. On the contrary, if the content of the component (I) is too high, the component (A) or (I) will undergo thermal deterioration to an undesirably extent. This is also the case for the components (II) to (XI).
  • a particularly preferred content of elemental sulfur as component (V) ranges from about 0.01 to 5.0%, more preferably from about 0.05 to 2.0%.
  • the component (B) that is to be mixed with the component (A) preferably is dissolved in the polyorganosiloxane serving as the base oil. However, this is not necessarily the essential requirement and the component to be added may be merely dispersed in the highly viscous base oil. If desired, the component to be added may react with the base oil.
  • the components (I) to (XI) exhibit their intended effects even if they are added individually to the polyorganosiloxane represented by (A). Needless to say, two or more, or two to six, of these components may be added in admixture to the polyorganosiloxane. In the latter case, the total content of the additional components (I) to (XI) is preferably within the range of from about 0.01 to 10%. Unless otherwise specified, the contents of the components to be incorporated in the composition of the present invention are expressed on the basis of the total amount of the composition.
  • composition of the present invention may comprise conventional heat stabilizers or other common additives incorporated therein. Taking into account the fact that the composition of the present invention is to be exposed to various hostile conditions of its service as a working fluid in viscous couplings, it will be desirable in certain instances to additionally incorporate conventional heat stabilizers to the composition.
  • conventional heat stabilizers include phosphorus compounds and chlorine compounds as disclosed in JP-A-2-91196, known oxidation inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, and metal deactivators.
  • composition of the present invention is useful as a fluid composition for use in a viscous coupling, it is also suitable as a fluid coupling such as fan coupling.
  • the fluid composition of the present invention for use in a viscous coupling is insusceptible to viscosity decreases due thermal decomposition and viscosity increases or gelation and thus remains stable during a prolonged use.
  • the working fluid of the present invention also offers the additional advantage of improving the wear resistance of the plate assemblies in the viscous coupling, thereby enhancing its durability as well as the reliability of an automobile using that viscous coupling.
  • Fluid compositions having the following formulations were prepared by an ordinary method. These specimens were then subjected to the following tests. The results are set forth in Table 3.
  • compositions excepting those prepared in Comparative Example 1 were prepared by mixing at 60°C for 1 hour with stirring the necessary components in the proportions indicated in Tables 1 and 2.
  • All of the polyorganosiloxane reagents used in Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Example 1 to 3 had the terminal ends of their molecular chain terminated with a trimethylsilyl group.
  • the calcium sulfonate used in Examples 1 to 11 had a specific gravity (15/4°C) of 1.125 and a calcium proportion of 12.0% by weight (Lubrisol 74 available from Nippon Lubrisol K.K.).
  • the calcium salicylate used in Examples 1 to 11 had a specific gravity (15/4°C) of 1.025 and a calcium proportion of 6.0% by weight (Shell AC60C available from Shell Kagaku K.K.).
  • the calcium phenate used in Examples 1 to 11 had a specific gravity (15/4°C) of 1.01 and a calcium proportion of 5.2% by weight (Oloa 218A available from Olonite Japan K.K.).
  • the ditertiary nonyl polysulfide used in Examples 2 and 10 and Comparative Example 3 was "TNPS" (trade name of Nippon Thiochemical Co., Ltd.) having a specific gravity (15°C/4°C) of 1.045 and a sulfur content of 37.5% by weight.
  • Sulfurized olefin used in Examples 3, 6 and 11 and Comparative Example 2 was "HITEC 053" (trade name of Nippon Cooper Co., Ltd.) having a specific gravity (15°C/4°C) of 1.14, a sulfur content of 46.5% by weight and a viscosity of 9.0 centistokes at 100°C.
  • the tricresyl phosphate used in Examples 4 and 8 and Comparative Example 3 was a product of Daihachi Kagaku K.K. having a specific gravity (15°C/4°C) of 1.17, a phosphorus content of 8.4% by weight and a total acid number of 0.05 mg KOH/g.
  • the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (1) used in Example 5 contained an alkyl group having 6 carbon atoms and was "HITEC 653" (trade name of Nippon Cooper Co., Ltd.) having a specific gravity (15°C/4°C) of 1.10, a zinc content of 8.5% by weight and a sulfur content of 17.0% by weight.
  • the siloxane having an aromatic group used in Example 11 had a specific gravity (25°C) of 1.080 and a viscosity of 115 centistokes.
  • Ethyl 702 used was "HITIC 4710" (trade name of Ethyl Co., Ltd.).
  • the metal deactivator used was "AMOCO 8087” (trade name of Amoco Co., Ltd.). Comparative Example No.
  • composition wt% 1 Polydimethylsiloxane (300,000 cSt) 100.0 2 Polydimethylsiloxane (300,000 cSt) 99.5 Olefin sulfide 0.5 3 Polydimethylsiloxane (300,000 cSt) 99.0 Ditertiary nonyl polysulfide 0.5 Tricresyl phosphate 0.5
  • compositions prepared in the foregoing examples and comparative examples were evaluated for their performance as working fluids for use in a viscous coupling.
  • the results are set forth in Tables 3 and 4.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fluid composition for use in a viscous coupling insusceptible to viscosity decreases and gelation during prolonged use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A viscous coupling is a shaft coupling which depends on the viscosity of a working fluid for its action and is mounted in a differential mechanism or on a propeller shaft as an aid to achieving cruising stability of automobiles or extricating the automobile from off-road conditions. Its durability largely depends on the performance of the working fluid with which it is filled. A viscous coupling is composed of a housing, a hub and several tens of thin annular iron plates attached to each of the housing and the hub, with a highly viscous working fluid being confined in the coupling. When a difference in rotational speed is created between the plate assemblies on the hub and housing sides, a shear force is exerted on the two plate assemblies and the torque generated on account of the viscosity of the working fluid is either transmitted or used to control the difference in rotational speed. The construction of a typical viscous coupling is described in JP-B-58-48779 (The term "JP-B" as used herein means an "examined Japanese patent publication").
As described above, a viscous coupling depends on the viscous drag of the working fluid for its action and if it is to be installed in an automobile, it is required that the coupling be of the smallest possible size and yet be capable of generating the necessary torque. Therefore, working fluids of comparatively high viscosity have been employed with viscous couplings. Other requirements for working fluids used in viscous couplings are a small temperature dependency of the viscosity and a high stability at elevated temperatures. While silicone fluids have been conventionally used as working fluids, the most common is a dimethylpolysiloxane fluid having a viscosity of 5,000 to 500,000 centistokes (cSt) at 25°C.
However, this fluid has a potential to become very hot due to heat generation from shearing action on the fluid or the friction between plate assemblies and it often happens that during prolonged use, the fluid's viscosity increases until it eventually gels. If the working fluid in a viscous coupling undergoes a significant change in its viscosity or if it gels, the initial setting for the performance of the viscous coupling is no longer applicable. This has been the problem with conventional working fluids for viscous couplings that requires solution. On the other hand, if the working fluid in a viscous coupling is heated to relatively high temperatures, it undergoes thermal decomposition that causes viscosity decreases, making it impossible to maintain the initial setting for the performance of the viscous coupling.
In any attempt to improve the heat resistance of polyorganosiloxane, the addition of various heat stabilizers has been studied. On the other hand, for the fluids for use in a viscous coupling, the addition of sulfur compounds (as disclosed in JP-A-64-65195 (The term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application")) and phosphorus compounds (as disclosed in JP-A-2-91196) has been proposed.
While the addition of such a sulfur compound or phosphorus compound is confirmed to have a great effect of inhibiting the viscosity increases or gelation due to the polymerization or crosslinking of a polyorganosiloxane, it is not effective enough to inhibit the viscosity decreases due to thermal decomposition.
FR-A-2 539 426 discloses a lubricant for use as an engine oil which comprises 25-98% by weight of a phenylalkyl silicone and optionally various additives including a sulfonate-, phenate- or salicylate-type detergent dispersant. No use of the lubricant in a viscous coupling is suggested. The detergent dispersant is present for dispersing deteriorate products generated in the inside of the engine into the oil.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide the use of a stable working fluid in a viscous coupling that is insusceptible to viscosity decreases due to thermal decomposition as well as viscosity increases or gelation.
The inventors made extensive studies to develop a working fluid that overcomes the foregoing difficulties and would perform stable for a prolonged period when used in a viscous coupling. As a result, the inventors found that a stable working fluid for use in a viscous coupling that is insusceptible to viscosity decreases due to thermal decomposition can be produced by incorporating a sulfonate, phenate or salicylate in a polyorganosiloxane fluid as a base oil and that a stable working fluid for use in a viscous coupling that is also insusceptible to viscosity increases or gelation can be produced by further incorporating a sulfur, phosphorus or chlorine compound in the foregoing system. The present invention has been accomplished on the basis of this finding.
The foregoing and other objects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and examples.
The foregoing object of the present invention can be attained by the use of a fluid composition in a viscous coupling which comprises the following component (A) and 0.01-10 wt.% of the following component (B):
  • (A) A polyorganosiloxane having a viscosity of 3,000 to 500,000 contistokes at 25°C represented by the following average unit formula (1): (R1)aSiO 4-a2 wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon group or halogenated hydrocarbon group; and the suffix a represents a number of 1.9 to 2.1; and
  • (B) one or more compounds for inhibiting the viscosity of the fluid composition from decreasing selected from a sulfonate, a phenate and a salicylate.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The base oil of the fluid composition according to the present invention is a polyorganosiloxane represented by the average unit formula (1), in which R1 represents a hydrocarbon group or halogenated hydrocarbon group. Illustrative hydrocarbon groups are C1-12 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl) and C6-18 aromatic hydrocarbon groups. Illustrative halogenated hydrocarbon groups are the hydrocarbon groups listed above in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). Desirable aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups are those which have 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, trifluoropropyl and octenyl groups. Exemplary aromatic hydrocarbon groups include phenyl, tolyl and xylyl groups. These groups which are bound to silicon atoms may be the same or different. Polyorganosiloxane has a straight-chained skeleton with minor amounts of branched portions being optionally present. With polyorganosiloxane compounds of the formula (1), the suffix a is close to 2.0 if they are straight-chained and have high molecular weights. The suffix a is greater than 2.0 if they have low molecular weights. The suffix a is smaller than 2.0 if they contain branched moieties.
    Examples of the polyorganosiloxane to be used in the present invention include polydimethylsiloxane, Polydimethyl-methylphenylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, polydimethyl-diphenylsiloxane, polymethylhexylsiloxane, polymethyloctylsiloxane, polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane, and polydimethylmethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane. Besides these homopolymers and copolymers, mixtures thereof may be employed.
    The molecular chain of the polyorganosiloxane fluid is preferably terminated with a triorganosilyl groups, such as trimethylsilyl or triethylsilyl group.
    The polyorganosiloxane fluids listed above have viscosities at 25°C in the range of from 3,000 to 500,000, more preferably from 4,000 to 450,000, particularly from 5,000 to 400,000 centistokes. If their viscosity is too low, they produce such a small viscous drag that the capacity of the viscous coupling must be greatly increased. If their viscosity is too high, they produce such a high viscous drag that excessive heat generation may impair the durability of the viscous coupling. In the composition of the present invention, the polyorganosiloxane fluid is incorporated as a base oil. The base oil content assumes the major proportion of the composition, usually in the range of from 90 to 99.99 wt%, preferably 95 to 99.95 wt%, of the composition.
    In the present invention, the base oil (A) made of the foregoing polyorganosiloxane comprises a small amount of one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfonate, phenate and salicylate incorporated therein. These components will be further described hereinafter.
    Examples of the sulfonate to be used in the present invention include metallic salts of aliphatic sulfonic acid (R20-SO3H in which R20 is an alkyl group) and aromatic sulfonic acid (Ar-SO3H in which Ar is an aryl group) with the Group I and II metals of the Periodic Table. Examples of these metals include alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, and strontium).
    Sulfonates which are desirable particularly in the present invention can be easily prepared by an ordinary method which comprises allowing an alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbon to undergo reaction with fuming sulfuric acid or SO3 gas to effect sulfonation thereof, and the allowing the sulfonated compound to undergo reaction with an oxide or hydroxide of a metal of the Group I or II of the Periodic Table in the presence or absence of carbon dioxide gas. The reaction in the presence of carbon dioxide gas produces a perbasic sulfonate while the reaction in the absence of carbon dioxide gas produces a neutral sulfonate. (Methods for the preparation of sulfonates are described, for example, in Henry D. Drew, Metal-based Lubricant Compositions, Noyes Data, 1975, pages 3 to 6 and 33 to 61). The alkylaromatic hydrocarbon to be used in the preparation method is represented by the general formula Ar(R21)(R22) wherein Ar represents an aryl group, R21 represents a hydrogen atom or C10-22 alkyl group and R22 is preferably a C8-22 alkyl group if R21 is a hydrogen atom or C3-10 alkyl group if R21 is an alkyl group. Examples of the C10-22 alkyl group include dodecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group, octadecyl group, oleyl group, and hydrocarbon group derived from oligomer of olefin such as propylene and butylene. Examples of the C3-10 alkyl group include propyl group, butyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, and nonyl group.
    The phenate to be used in the present invention is a phenolate. Preferred examples of such a phenolate include salts of sulfide of an alkylphenol having a C8-30 alkyl group added thereto with alkaline earth metals (preferably calcium, magnesium, barium). These phenolates are described, for example, in JP-A-57-142393. As one of these phenolates there is commercially available COSMO PAD210 from Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd.
    The salicylate to be used in the present invention is preferably a salicylate of an alkaline earth metal. Typical examples of such a salicylate of an alkaline earth metal include salicylates of calcium and magnesium. In general, these salicylates can be obtained by alkylating phenol with a C14-18 α-olefin, making a salt of the alkylated phenol with an alkaline metal, allowing the salt to undergo Kolbe-Schmitt reaction to introduce carboxyl groups thereinto, and then subjecting the material to double decomposition or the like to produce a salicylate of an alkaline earth metal. These salicylates are described, for example, in JP-B-61-24560 and JP-B-61-24561.
    The component (B) is blended in the composition of the present invention in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt%, particularly 0.1 to 5 wt%. If the content of the component (B) falls below 0.01 wt%, a sufficient effect of inhibiting the viscosity decreases cannot be attained. On the contrary, if the content of the component (B) exceeds 10 wt%, the improvement in such an effect cannot be expected too much.
    With the addition of only the components (A) and (B), the composition of the present invention can be rendered insusceptible to viscosity decreases. Further, with the addition of one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfur compounds, phosphorus compounds and chlorine compounds represented by the following general formulae (I) to (XI), the composition of the present invention can be rendered insusceptible also to viscosity increases or gelation.
  • (I) Hydrocarbon sulfide represented by the general formula (2): R2-Sx-(R3-Sx)n-R2 wherein R2 represents a hydrocarbon group; R3 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group; the suffix x represents an integer 1 or more and may be the same or different in the recurring unit; and the suffix n represents 0 or an integer 1 or more.
  • (II) Sulfurized oil or fat which is the reaction product of an oil or fat and sulfur.
  • (III) Zinc dithiophosphate represented by the general formula (3):
    Figure 00110001
    wherein R4, R5, R6 and R7 which may be the same or different each represents a hydrocarbon group.
  • (IV) Dialkyldithiocarbamic acid metal salt represented by the general formula (4):
    Figure 00110002
    wherein R8, R9, R10 and R11 which may be the same or different each represents an alkyl group; and Me represents a metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Pb, Mo and Sb.
  • (V) Elemental sulfur.
  • (VI) Hydrocarbon sulfide represented by the general formula (5):
    Figure 00120001
    wherein R12 and R13 each represents a divalent hydrocarbon group; the suffix x represents an integer 1 or more and may be the same or different in the recurring unit; and the suffix m represents 0 or an integer 1 or more.
  • (VII) Phosphoric ester, phosphorous ester, thiophosphoric ester or dithiophosphoric ester represented by the general formula (6): (R14)bH3-bX3PXc wherein R14 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon; the suffix b represents an integer 1, 2 or 3; the suffix c represents 0 or an integer 1; and X represents an oxygen atom or sulfur atom.
  • (VIII) Alkylamine salt of acidic phosphoric ester, acidic phosphorous ester, acidic thiophosphoric ester or acidic dithiophosphoric ester represented by the general formula (6).
  • (IX) Reaction product of hydrocarbon and phosphorus sulfide.
  • (X) Composition containing phosphorus and nitrogen obtained by neutralizing with an amine the reaction product of (i) a hydroxyl-substituted triester of dithiophosphoric acid represented by the general formula (7):
    Figure 00130001
    (wherein R15 and R16 each represents a monovalent hydrocarbon; and R17 represents a divalent hydrocarbon) and (ii) a phosphoric acid, phosphorus oxide or halogenated phosphorus.
  • (XI) Diester represented by the general formula (8):
    Figure 00140001
    wherein R18 and R19 each represents an alkyl group.
    • These sulfur compounds, phosphorus compounds and chlorine compounds will be further described hereinafter.
    In the sulfur compound (I) represented by the general formula (2), the group R2 is a hydrocarbon. Examples of such a hydrocarbon group include C2-20 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl), and C6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group. Specific examples of these hydrocarbon groups include ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, nonyl group, dodecyl group, propenyl group, butenyl group, benzyl group, phenyl group, tolyl group, and hexylphenyl group. The group R3 is a divalent hydrocarbon group such as C2-20 straight-chained or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group and C6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group. Specific examples of these divalent hydrocarbon groups include ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, and phenylene group. Typical examples of the sulfur compound (I) include olefin sulfide, and polysulfide compound represented by the general formula R2-Sx-R2 (in which x is an integer 2 or more). Specific examples of the sulfur compound (I) include diisobutyl disulfide, dioctyl polysulfide, ditertiary nonyl polysulfide, ditertiary butyl polysulfide, dibenzyl polysulfide, sulfurized olefins prepared by sulfurizing olefins such as polyisobutylene and terpenes with a sulfurizing agent such as sulfur, and the reaction product of isobutylene and sulfur, which is presumed, but not proven, to have the general formula:
    Figure 00150001
    and/or the general formula:
    Figure 00150002
    wherein X and n have the same meanings as described above.
    The component (II) is a hardened oil or fat that is the reaction product of an oil or fat with sulfur. Illustrative fats and oils include lard, tallow, whale oil, palm oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil and many other animal and vegetable oil and fats. The reaction products of these fats and oils and sulfur are not simple in their chemical structure and instead are mixtures of various chemical structures which themselves are not clearly identified.
    In the zinc dithiophosphate (III), R4, R5, R6 and R7 which may be the same or different each represents a hydrocarbon group such as C3-20, particularly C3-12 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl) and C6-20 aromatic hydrocarbon group. Specific examples of these hydrocarbon groups include propyl group, butyl group, nonyl group, dodecyl group, octenyl group, phenyl group, and tolyl group. Specific examples of the zinc dithiophosphate (III) include zinc diisobutyldithiophosphate, zinc dipentyldithiophosphate, zinc di-1-methylheptyldithiophosphate, zinc di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, and zinc diphenyldithiophosphate.
    In the dialkyldithiocarbamate (IV), R8, R9, R10 and R11 which may be the same or different each represents an alkyl group preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly 3 to 12 carbon atoms, such as propyl group, butyl group, nonyl group and dodecyl group. In the compound (IV), Me represents a metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Pb, Mo and Sb. Specific examples of the compound (IV) include zinc diisobutyldithiocarbamate, zinc diamyldithiocarbamate and zinc didodecyldicarbamate.
    Sulfur as the component (V) is used in powder form. When it is put into the polyorganosiloxane fluid and heated to about 150 to 250°C with stirring, it will be dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the polyorganosiloxane fluid.
    In the cyclic sulfur compound (VI), R12 and R13 each represents a divalent hydrocarbon group such as C2-20 straight-chained or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group and C6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group. Specific examples of these divalent hydrocarbon groups include ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, and phenylene group. An example of the sulfur compound (VI) is a compound represented by the following general formula:
    Figure 00180001
    The foregoing cyclic sulfur compound may be prepared by the synthesis method described, for example, in U.S. Patent 3,925,414. For example, an olefin such as isobutylene may be reacted with sulfur monohalide to give a product which is then reacted with an alkali mercaptide.
    In the phosphorus additive represented by the general formula (6), the group R14 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group such as C5-20 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl), C6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group and cycloalkyl group. Specific examples of these phosphorus additives include monooctyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, dioctyl thiophosphate, trioctyl thiophosphate, didecyl phosphate, didecyl phosphite, didodecyl phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate, didodecyl phosphite, tridodecyl phosphite, tridodecyl thiophosphate, trihexadecyl phosphate, trihexadecyl phosphite, trihexadecyl thiophosphate, trioctadecenyl phosphate, trioctadecenyl phosphite, trioctadecenyl thiophosphate, tri(octylphenyl) phosphate, tri(octylphenyl) phosphite, tri(octylphenyl) thiophosphate, tri(octylcyclohexyl) phosphate, and tridecyl dithiophosphate.
    The component (VIII) is an alkylamine salt of acidic phosphoric ester, acidic phosphorous ester, acidic thiophosphoric ester or acidic dithiophosphoric ester represented by the general formula (6). Among the foregoing components, the acidic phosphoric ester is particularly suitable for use in a viscous coupling. Specific examples of these compounds include butyl acid phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, octyl acid phosphate, lauryl acid phosphate, oleyl acid phosphate, and tolyl acid phosphate. The alkylamine to be used for the neutralization of these compounds is represented by the general formula of NR23R24R25 (R23, R24 and R25 each represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or hydrogen atom, with the proviso that at least one of R23, R24 and R25 is a hydrocarbon group). Specific examples of these compounds include dibutylamine, octylamine, dioctylamine, laurylamine, dilaurylamine, coconut amine, and tallow amine. Examples of these compounds which are commercially available in the form of salts include "Ortholeum 535" (Du Pont), "Vanlube 672" (Vanderbuild), and "Irgalube 349" (Ciba Geigy).
    The hydrocarbon as a starting material of the component (IX) is a hydrocarbon having one or more double bonds and containing about 5 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of phosphorus sulfide as the other starting material include P2S5, P2S4, and P2S3. Examples of the reaction product of such a hydrocarbon and phosphorus sulfide include those obtained by phosphosulfurizing terpenes, low molecular polybutylenes or olefins.
    In the general formula (7) as a starting material of the reaction product (X), R15 and R16 may be the same or different and each represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group such as C1-25 straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl), C6-26 aromatic hydrocarbon group and cycloalkyl group. Preferably, R15 and R16 are the same and each represents an alkyl group. R17 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having less than about 20 carbon atoms, such as alkylene group and aryl-substituted alkylene group. The amine to be used for the neutralization of the reaction product (X) is an aliphatic, aromatic or alicyclic primary amine having about 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
    Specific examples of the foregoing compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen include a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester hydroxyethyl-O,O'-dihexyldithiophosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide with dodecylamine, a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester hydroxypropyl-O,O'-dihexyldithiophosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide with octadecylamine, a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester hydroxyhexyl-O,O'-dihexyldithiophosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide with dodecylamine, a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester phenylhydroxyethyl-O,O'-dihexyldithiophosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide with dodecylamine, and a compound obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of ester hydroxypropyl-O,O'-dihexyldithiophosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide with octadecylamine. The foregoing compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen can be normally prepared by reacting 1 mol of an inorganic phosphorus chemical with about 1 to 5 mols of triester dithiophosphate to produce an acidic intermediate, and then substantially neutralizing the intermediate with an amine. If the foregoing hydrocarbon sulfide has too low a molecular weight, it is subject to evaporation loss. On the contrary, if the hydrocarbon sulfide has too high a molecular weight, it cannot thoroughly exert its desirable effect. On the other hand, if the phosphorus-containing organic compound has too few carbon atoms, it cannot thoroughly exert its desirable effect. The phosphorus-containing organic compound having too many carbon atoms are hardly available.
    In the component (XI) represented by the general formula (8), R18 and R19 which may be the same or different is preferably a C4-8 alkyl group. Preferably, R18 and R19 are the same and each represents an alkyl group. Specific examples of diester include dibutyl chlorendate, dihexyl chlorendate, dioctyl chlorendate, and di-2-ethylhexyl chlorendate.
    The foregoing diester can be prepared by reacting the carboxyl group in chlorendic acid with a C4-8 alcohol. In another nomenclature, chlorendic acid is represented as 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo-(2,2,1)-hepto-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid. It can be prepared by a so-called Diels-Alder addition of the corresponding chlorinated cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride.
    The sulfur compound (I) is preferably blended in the fluid composition for use in a viscous coupling according to the present invention in an amount of about 0.01 to 10% by weight (hereinafter simply referred to as "%"), particularly about 0.1 to 5%.
    If the content of the component (I) is too low, the desired effect cannot be thoroughly attained. On the contrary, if the content of the component (I) is too high, the component (A) or (I) will undergo thermal deterioration to an undesirably extent. This is also the case for the components (II) to (XI). A particularly preferred content of elemental sulfur as component (V) ranges from about 0.01 to 5.0%, more preferably from about 0.05 to 2.0%. With the composition of the present invention, the component (B) that is to be mixed with the component (A) preferably is dissolved in the polyorganosiloxane serving as the base oil. However, this is not necessarily the essential requirement and the component to be added may be merely dispersed in the highly viscous base oil. If desired, the component to be added may react with the base oil.
    The components (I) to (XI) exhibit their intended effects even if they are added individually to the polyorganosiloxane represented by (A). Needless to say, two or more, or two to six, of these components may be added in admixture to the polyorganosiloxane. In the latter case, the total content of the additional components (I) to (XI) is preferably within the range of from about 0.01 to 10%. Unless otherwise specified, the contents of the components to be incorporated in the composition of the present invention are expressed on the basis of the total amount of the composition.
    It should be noted that the composition of the present invention may comprise conventional heat stabilizers or other common additives incorporated therein. Taking into account the fact that the composition of the present invention is to be exposed to various hostile conditions of its service as a working fluid in viscous couplings, it will be desirable in certain instances to additionally incorporate conventional heat stabilizers to the composition. Examples of such additives include phosphorus compounds and chlorine compounds as disclosed in JP-A-2-91196, known oxidation inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, and metal deactivators.
    While the composition of the present invention is useful as a fluid composition for use in a viscous coupling, it is also suitable as a fluid coupling such as fan coupling.
    The fluid composition of the present invention for use in a viscous coupling is insusceptible to viscosity decreases due thermal decomposition and viscosity increases or gelation and thus remains stable during a prolonged use. The working fluid of the present invention also offers the additional advantage of improving the wear resistance of the plate assemblies in the viscous coupling, thereby enhancing its durability as well as the reliability of an automobile using that viscous coupling.
    The present invention will be further described in the following examples, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. The viscosity values as defined hereinafter were determined at 25°C unless otherwise specified.
    EXAMPLES 1 TO 11
    Fluid compositions having the following formulations were prepared by an ordinary method. These specimens were then subjected to the following tests. The results are set forth in Table 3.
    All the compositions excepting those prepared in Comparative Example 1 were prepared by mixing at 60°C for 1 hour with stirring the necessary components in the proportions indicated in Tables 1 and 2. All of the polyorganosiloxane reagents used in Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Example 1 to 3 had the terminal ends of their molecular chain terminated with a trimethylsilyl group. The calcium sulfonate used in Examples 1 to 11 had a specific gravity (15/4°C) of 1.125 and a calcium proportion of 12.0% by weight (Lubrisol 74 available from Nippon Lubrisol K.K.). The calcium salicylate used in Examples 1 to 11 had a specific gravity (15/4°C) of 1.025 and a calcium proportion of 6.0% by weight (Shell AC60C available from Shell Kagaku K.K.). The calcium phenate used in Examples 1 to 11 had a specific gravity (15/4°C) of 1.01 and a calcium proportion of 5.2% by weight (Oloa 218A available from Olonite Japan K.K.).
    The ditertiary nonyl polysulfide used in Examples 2 and 10 and Comparative Example 3 was "TNPS" (trade name of Nippon Thiochemical Co., Ltd.) having a specific gravity (15°C/4°C) of 1.045 and a sulfur content of 37.5% by weight. Sulfurized olefin used in Examples 3, 6 and 11 and Comparative Example 2 was "HITEC 053" (trade name of Nippon Cooper Co., Ltd.) having a specific gravity (15°C/4°C) of 1.14, a sulfur content of 46.5% by weight and a viscosity of 9.0 centistokes at 100°C.
    The tricresyl phosphate used in Examples 4 and 8 and Comparative Example 3 was a product of Daihachi Kagaku K.K. having a specific gravity (15°C/4°C) of 1.17, a phosphorus content of 8.4% by weight and a total acid number of 0.05 mg KOH/g. The zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (1) used in Example 5 contained an alkyl group having 6 carbon atoms and was "HITEC 653" (trade name of Nippon Cooper Co., Ltd.) having a specific gravity (15°C/4°C) of 1.10, a zinc content of 8.5% by weight and a sulfur content of 17.0% by weight.
    The siloxane having an aromatic group used in Example 11 had a specific gravity (25°C) of 1.080 and a viscosity of 115 centistokes. Ethyl 702 used was "HITIC 4710" (trade name of Ethyl Co., Ltd.). The metal deactivator used was "AMOCO 8087" (trade name of Amoco Co., Ltd.).
    Figure 00270001
    Figure 00280001
    Comparative Example No. Composition wt%
    1 Polydimethylsiloxane (300,000 cSt) 100.0
    2 Polydimethylsiloxane (300,000 cSt) 99.5
    Olefin sulfide 0.5
    3 Polydimethylsiloxane (300,000 cSt) 99.0
    Ditertiary nonyl polysulfide 0.5
    Tricresyl phosphate 0.5
    The compositions prepared in the foregoing examples and comparative examples were evaluated for their performance as working fluids for use in a viscous coupling. The results are set forth in Tables 3 and 4.
    For the evaluation of thermal stability, about 40 g of the specimen oil was measured out in a 50-cc beaker (inner diameter: 3 cm). The beaker was horizontally placed in a rotary air circulation constant temperature bath where it was then heated to a temperature of 180°C for 120 hours to determine the viscosity change.
    For the evaluation of applicability to machine, a viscous coupling having a set of 31 plates was charged with the compositions to a fill ratio of 82 vol%. The viscous coupling was then continuously rotated at a differential velocity of 20 r.p.m. for 400 hours with the fluid temperature kept at 135°C. The resulting changes in torque and viscosity were determined.
    Results of thermal stability test
    Example No. Viscosity chance
    (%)
    1 -1
    2 -3
    3 -3
    4 -2
    5 -3
    6 -4
    7 -1
    8 -2
    9 -1
    10 -3
    11 -3
    Comparative Example 1 -10
    Comparative Example 2 -51
    Comparative Example 3 -52
    Results of applicability test
    Example No. Torque change Viscosity change
    (%) (%)
    3 -13 -18
    6 -13 -20
    10 -15 -25
    Comparative Example 2 -21 -38

    Claims (6)

    1. The use of a fluid composition in a viscous coupling which comprises the following component (A) and 0.01-10 wt.% of the following component (B):
      (A) A polyorganosiloxane having a viscosity of 3,000 to 500,000 contistokes at 25°C represented by the following average unit formula (1): (R1)aSiO 4-a2 wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon group or halogenated hydrocarbon group; and the suffix a represents a number of 1.9 to 2.1; and
      (B) one or more compounds for inhibiting the viscosity of the fluid composition from decreasing selected from a sulfonate, a phenate and a salicylate.
    2. The use according to Claim 1, wherein the fluid composition comprises from 90 to 99.99wt% of the component (A).
    3. The use according to Claim 1, wherein the viscosity of said component (A) at 25°C is from 3,000 to 400,000 cSt.
    4. The use according to Claim 1, wherein the viscosity of said component (A) at 25°C is from 5,000 to 400,000 cSt.
    5. The use according to Claim 1, wherein the fluid composition comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfur, sulfur compounds, phosphorus compounds and chlorine compounds represented by the following general formulae (I) to (XI):
      (I) Hydrocarbon sulfide represented by the general formula (2): R2-Sx-(R3-Sx)n-R2 wherein R2 represents a hydrocarbon group; R3 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group; the suffix x represents an integer 1 or more and may be the same or different in the recurring unit; and the suffix n represents 0 or an integer 1 or more;
      (II) Sulfurized oil or fat which is the reaction product of an oil or fat and sulfur;
      (III) Zinc dithiophosphate represented by the general formula (3):
      Figure 00330001
      wherein R4, R5, R6 and R7 which may be the same or different each represents a hydrocarbon group;
      (IV) Dialkyldithiocarbamic acid metal salt represented by the general formula (4):
      Figure 00340001
      wherein R8, R9, R10 and R11 which may be the same or different each represents an alkyl group; and Me represents a metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Pb, Mo and Sb;
      (V) Elemental sulfur;
      (VI) Hydrocarbon sulfide represented by the general formula (5):
      Figure 00340002
      wherein R12 and R13 each represents a divalent hydrocarbon group; the suffix x represents an integer 1 or more and may be the same or different in the recurring unit; and the suffix m represents 0 or an integer 1 or more;
      (VII) Phosphoric ester, phosphorous ester, thiophosphoric ester or dithiophosphoric ester represented by the general formula (6): (R14)bH3-bX3PXc wherein R14 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon; the suffix b represents an integer 1, 2 or 3; the suffix c represents 0 or an integer 1; and X represents an oxygen atom or sulfur atom;
      (VIII) Alkylamine salt of acidic phosphoric ester, acidic phosphorous ester, acidic thiophosphoric ester or acidic dithiophosphoric ester represented by the general formula (6);
      (IX) Reaction product of hydrocarbon and phosphorus sulfide;
      (X) Composition containing phosphorus and nitrogen obtained by neutralizing with an amine the reaction product of (i) a hydroxyl-substituted triester of dithiophosphoric acid represented by the general formula (7):
      Figure 00350001
      (wherein R15 and R16 each represents a monovalent hydrocarbon; and R17 represents a divalent hydrocarbon) and (ii) a phosphoric acid, phosphorus oxide or halogenated phosphorus; and
      (XI) Diester represented by the general formula (8):
      Figure 00360001
      wherein R18 and R19 each represents an alkyl group.
    6. The use according to Claim 5, wherein the added amount of said components (I) to (XI) was from 0.01 to 10 wt%.
    EP93118776A 1992-11-20 1993-11-22 Use in viscous coupling of a fluid comprising a polyorganosiloxane and a viscosity inhibitor Expired - Lifetime EP0599251B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    JP312190/92 1992-11-20
    JP4312190A JP3040618B2 (en) 1992-11-20 1992-11-20 Fluid composition for new viscous coupling

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0599251A1 EP0599251A1 (en) 1994-06-01
    EP0599251B1 true EP0599251B1 (en) 1998-02-04

    Family

    ID=18026304

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP93118776A Expired - Lifetime EP0599251B1 (en) 1992-11-20 1993-11-22 Use in viscous coupling of a fluid comprising a polyorganosiloxane and a viscosity inhibitor

    Country Status (3)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0599251B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3040618B2 (en)
    DE (1) DE69316847T2 (en)

    Families Citing this family (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    IT1276799B1 (en) * 1995-06-29 1997-11-03 Dow Corning FORMULATIONS OF F-SILICONE
    US6764982B2 (en) 2001-02-07 2004-07-20 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating oil composition
    JP2012046730A (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-03-08 Cosmo Oil Lubricants Co Ltd Fluid composition for fan clutch
    JP5840233B2 (en) 2011-02-17 2016-01-06 ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイションＴｈｅ Ｌｕｂｒｉｚｏｌ Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ Lubricant with good TBN retention
    JP2020515697A (en) 2017-04-03 2020-05-28 ソルベイ スペシャルティ ポリマーズ イタリー エス．ピー．エー． Working fluid composition

    Family Cites Families (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US3759827A (en) * 1970-09-29 1973-09-18 Dow Corning Lubricant compositions
    JPS59129294A (en) * 1983-01-17 1984-07-25 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd High temperature lubricant
    JPH0631389B2 (en) * 1987-05-30 1994-04-27 コスモ石油株式会社 Fluid composition for viscous coupling
    JP2579806B2 (en) * 1988-09-28 1997-02-12 ダウコーニングアジア株式会社 Fluid composition for viscous coupling
    JPH064850B2 (en) * 1989-04-21 1994-01-19 キング、インダストリーズ、インコーポレーテッド Thermo-oxidatively stable composition
    DE69017749T2 (en) * 1989-05-10 1995-07-06 Tonen Corp Silicone fluids for viscous couplings.

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0599251A1 (en) 1994-06-01
    JP3040618B2 (en) 2000-05-15
    DE69316847D1 (en) 1998-03-12
    JPH06158081A (en) 1994-06-07
    DE69316847T2 (en) 1998-06-18

    Similar Documents

    Publication Publication Date Title
    US3236770A (en) Transaxle lubricant
    KR100559093B1 (en) Lubricating composition comprising a friction reducing additive package and greases
    CN1981021B (en) Grease composition for constant velocity joints and constant velocity joints prelubricated with the same
    EP0668900B2 (en) Greases
    US4959166A (en) Fluid composition for use in viscous coupling
    EP0435745B1 (en) Grease for constant velocity joint
    EP0599251B1 (en) Use in viscous coupling of a fluid comprising a polyorganosiloxane and a viscosity inhibitor
    US4514312A (en) Lubricant compositions comprising a phosphate additive system
    CA1148977A (en) Sulfurized alkylphenol-olefin reaction product lubricating oil additive
    US5569643A (en) Grease composition for constant velocity joint
    US4177153A (en) Lubricating oil additive composition
    US4551258A (en) Grease composition
    EP1057883A2 (en) Gear lubricating oil composition
    US3556999A (en) Stabilized fluids
    EP0423724B1 (en) Silicone grease composition
    US3780145A (en) Triphenyl phosphates
    JP4659003B2 (en) Grease composition
    JP2579806B2 (en) Fluid composition for viscous coupling
    US2851421A (en) Power transmission fluids
    EP0397507A1 (en) Silicone fluids for viscous couplings
    EP0719853A2 (en) Fluid composition for use in fluid coupling
    US4088587A (en) Lubricating oil additive compositions
    US4097386A (en) Lubricating oil additive composition
    US3337456A (en) Lubricating compositions
    JPH06220475A (en) Gear oil composition

    Legal Events

    Date Code Title Description
    PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

    Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

    AK Designated contracting states

    Kind code of ref document: A1

    Designated state(s): DE GB IT

    17P Request for examination filed

    Effective date: 19940822

    RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

    Owner name: VISCODRIVE JAPAN LTD

    Owner name: DOW CORNING ASIA, LTD.

    Owner name: COSMO OIL COMPANY, LTD

    17Q First examination report despatched

    Effective date: 19960426

    GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

    Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

    GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

    Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

    GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

    Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

    GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

    Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

    GRAA (expected) grant

    Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

    AK Designated contracting states

    Kind code of ref document: B1

    Designated state(s): DE GB IT

    ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

    Owner name: SOCIETA' ITALIANA BREVETTI S.P.A.

    REF Corresponds to:

    Ref document number: 69316847

    Country of ref document: DE

    Date of ref document: 19980312

    PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

    Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

    STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

    Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

    26N No opposition filed
    REG Reference to a national code

    Ref country code: GB

    Ref legal event code: IF02

    PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

    Ref country code: DE

    Payment date: 20121114

    Year of fee payment: 20

    PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

    Ref country code: IT

    Payment date: 20121116

    Year of fee payment: 20

    Ref country code: GB

    Payment date: 20121121

    Year of fee payment: 20

    REG Reference to a national code

    Ref country code: DE

    Ref legal event code: R071

    Ref document number: 69316847

    Country of ref document: DE

    REG Reference to a national code

    Ref country code: DE

    Ref legal event code: R071

    Ref document number: 69316847

    Country of ref document: DE

    REG Reference to a national code

    Ref country code: GB

    Ref legal event code: PE20

    Expiry date: 20131121

    PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

    Ref country code: GB

    Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

    Effective date: 20131121

    Ref country code: DE

    Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

    Effective date: 20131123