EP0598580A1 - Kreuz-Schlitz-Mikrowellenantenne - Google Patents

Kreuz-Schlitz-Mikrowellenantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0598580A1
EP0598580A1 EP93309103A EP93309103A EP0598580A1 EP 0598580 A1 EP0598580 A1 EP 0598580A1 EP 93309103 A EP93309103 A EP 93309103A EP 93309103 A EP93309103 A EP 93309103A EP 0598580 A1 EP0598580 A1 EP 0598580A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slots
microwave
radiating
antenna
microwave antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93309103A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pyong K. Park
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hughes Missile Systems Co
Original Assignee
Hughes Missile Systems Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hughes Missile Systems Co filed Critical Hughes Missile Systems Co
Publication of EP0598580A1 publication Critical patent/EP0598580A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106Microstrip slot antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10Resonant slot antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075Stripline fed arrays

Definitions

  • This invention relates to microwave antennas, and, more particularly, to a microwave antenna for producing or receiving circularly polarized microwave signals.
  • Microwaves are used in communications applications because of the high density of information that they can convey.
  • the microwaves can either be propagated through free space or conducted along waveguides.
  • the present invention relates to microwave antennas used to radiate or receive microwave signals propagated through free space.
  • the polarization of a microwave signal is described by the locus of the field vector of the microwave as it propagates.
  • the emitted free space microwave is generally elliptically polarized.
  • the major and minor axes of the ellipse may be made identical, and the microwave is said to be circularly polarized.
  • the use of circularly polarized microwaves is particularly desirable in many types of general-purpose and special-purpose microwave communications systems, because it is not necessary to align the receiving antenna to the radiating antenna in order to maximize the power of the received signal.
  • Microwave antennas optimized for radiating and receiving circularly polarized microwaves are therefore important and widely used in communications and other applications.
  • a patch antenna such as described in Y.T. Lo and S.W. Lee, "Antenna Handbook, Theory, Applications, and Design,” Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, pages 10-57 to 10-61 (1989).
  • the patch antenna is formed from a planar array of radiating elements.
  • the patch antenna has the shortcomings of narrow band width, excitation of spurious modes, and, in some cases, the need for two excitation feeds.
  • the present invention provides a microwave antenna for radiating and receiving circularly polarized microwaves propagated through free space.
  • the antenna of the invention is compact with a low profile, rugged because it has no projecting elements that can be readily broken, and requires only a single feed.
  • the microwave antenna does not produce surface mode excitations and has a broad bandwidth of radiation and reception.
  • the antenna can be fabricated either singly or in small or large arrays, using in part microelectronic techniques that permit close control of sizes and tolerances of the elements while maintaining economic construction costs.
  • the microwave antenna of the invention is also readily designed and optimized for optimal performance.
  • a microwave antenna comprises a radiating plate made of an electrically conducting material and having two slots cut therein, the slots being oriented at 90 degrees to each other and being of unequal length, and linear means for cooperating with the radiating plate to produce microwave excitations in the radiating plate.
  • the linear means is preferably a linear conductor lying parallel to the radiating plate but not parallel to either of the slots.
  • a backing plate positioned parallel to and spaced apart from the radiating plate, with the linear means disposed between the radiating plate and the backing plate. The space between the linear means and the radiating and backing plates may be filled with air or some other material of differing dielectric strength.
  • a microwave antenna is configured with stripline-fed crossed slots of unequal length.
  • a microwave antenna comprises a stripline microwave element including an outer conductor having a radiating face and an oppositely disposed backing face, an inner linear conductor lying parallel to the radiating face within the outer conductor, and a dielectric between the outer conductor and the inner conductor.
  • the microwave antenna of the invention may be used singly or in arrays.
  • the structure of each element of an array is similar to that just described, with the addition of means for reducing internal coupling between the radiating elements.
  • Such means can be a conducting fence placed around each element of the array, to prevent coupling that produces spurious modes which can be radiated or received.
  • the present invention provides an advance in the art of microwave antennas.
  • the antenna of the invention radiates or receives circularly polarized microwaves, is compact and rugged, and has no undesirable characteristics such as production of spurious modes.
  • a microwave antenna 20 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 as a cavity-backed cross slot fed by a stripline.
  • the antenna includes a radiating plate 22 in which two intersecting slots 24 and 26 are provided.
  • the slots 24 and 26 are oriented at 90 degrees to each other, and are of different lengths, L1 and L2, respectively. (Equivalently, the two slots 24 and 26 may be characterized as a "cross slot”.)
  • the linear means is preferably a linear conductor 28 separated from and disposed parallel to the radiating plate 22.
  • a microwave driving signal is applied to the radiating plate 22 and the linear conductor 28, with the result that a microwave is radiated from the radiating plate 22.
  • a backing plate 30 is separated from and disposed parallel to the radiating plate 22 and the linear conductor 28.
  • the linear conductor 28 is symmetrically positioned between the radiating plate 22 and the backing plate 30.
  • the backing plate 30 functions as a ground plane to cause the microwave antenna 20 to radiate only in a single radiating direction 32 rather than in both directions. Energy emitted opposite to the direction 32 is reflected back by the backing plate 30 in the radiating direction 32.
  • the space between the radiating plate 22 and the backing plate 30 comprises a dielectric 33 may be filled with air as a dielectric.
  • other dielectrics such as other gases, ceramics, or glasses may fill the space between the plates 22 and 30 to alter the emission characteristics of the antenna 20.
  • the radiating plate 22 and the backing plate 30 are conveniently connected by a side plate 34 to form a unitary outer conductor 36 having a circular plan view ( Figure 1) and hollow rectangular cross section ( Figure 2).
  • the linear conductor 28 thus forms an inner conductor centered within the interior of the outer conductor within the dielectric.
  • This structure, without the slots 24 and 26, may be viewed as a stripline conductor comparable in function with a coaxial conductor.
  • the slots 24 and 26 are rotated or tilted through a non-zero angle T from the axis of the linear conductor 28. That is, neither of the slots 24 or 26 may be aligned parallel to the axis of the linear conductor 28.
  • a preferred approach for selecting the angle T and the lengths L1 and L2, to produce a circularly polarized microwave, will be discussed subsequently.
  • critical conditions for operability of the antenna are that the slots 24 and 26 are perpendicular to each other when viewed in the plan view of Figure 1, that the slot lengths L1 and L2 are different, and that T is not zero (or 90 degrees, which would align the other slot with the axis of the linear conductor 28).
  • the operable condition of the antenna 20 to produce circularly polarized microwave radiation is that the real parts of the admittances of the two slots 24 and 26 must be the same, and that the angle of the input admittances differs by 90 degrees.
  • the angle T and the lengths L1 and L2 are adjusted to meet these conditions.
  • a radiating plate 22 is made with two slots 24 and 26 of unequal length at 90 degrees to each other.
  • one of the slots is initially made slightly longer than one-half (for air dielectric) of the wavelength of the intended microwave radiation, and the other of the slots (illustrated as slot 26) is made slightly shorter than one-half of the wavelength of the intended microwave radiation.
  • One of the slots is taped closed, and the radiated microwave energy through the other slot is measured.
  • the first slot is opened, the second slot is taped closed, and the power radiated through the first slot is measured.
  • the total radiated power through a slot depends upon the angle T.
  • the radiating plate 22 is rotated with respect to the axis of the linear conductor 28 and the measurements repeated until the power output of each slot is the same. This fixes the value of T. Studies to date have indicated that T is often about 15 degrees, but there is no such limitation on the invention.
  • the relative lengths of the slots are adjusted by shortening or lengthening the slot lengths with tape, and measuring the degree of circularity of the polarization of the radiated microwave.
  • the slot lengths are adjusted until the radiated microwave is determined to be circularly polarized.
  • the radiated power through each slot is again measured, and the angle T readjusted so that the power radiated through each slot is the same.
  • the value of T changes little with variations in L1 and L2, and this iterative procedure has converged on the correct values of T, L1, and L2 to produce a circularly polarized radiated microwave in 1 or 2 iterations.
  • the antenna 20 as described may be used by itself, or as one element of an antenna array 40, as shown in Figures 3 and 4 for a 3 X 3 antenna array.
  • the antennas 20 are arranged on an appropriate grid.
  • Active driving elements 42 such as gallium arsenide integrated circuits used to drive the individual antennas, may be placed between the individual antennas 20. The construction of such active elements for use in driving antenna arrays using other types of microwave radiator antennas is well known in the art.
  • an antenna array 40 One potential problem with such an antenna array 40 is internal coupling between the individual antennas 20. Such internal coupling can produce other propagation modes than that intended in the radiated microwave signal.
  • conducting fences are placed between the individual antennas 20 to prevent signal leakage between the individual antennas.
  • the side plate 34 which defines the generally circular shape of the antenna 20 when viewed in the plan view of Figure 1, constitutes the required fence that confines the microwave energy to the interior of the outer conductor 36. In the absence of the side plates 34, separate fences may be added to isolate the individual antennas 20 from each other.
  • the present invention has been implemented as a single element antenna 20 for an S-band (of frequency approximately 7 GHz (Gigahertz)) antenna, and a 2 X 2 antenna array for a K-band (of frequency 20 GHz) antenna.
  • S-band antenna L1 was 2.54 cm (centimeters), L2 was 1.3 cm, and T was 15 degrees.
  • L1 was about 0.7 cm, L2 was about 0.33 cm, and T was 15 degrees degrees.
  • Figure 5 is a polarization pattern for the S-band, single element antenna operated at a range of frequencies near 6.9 GHz.
  • the polarization pattern is generally good and indicates nearly perfect circular polarization. Similar results were obtained with the K-band antenna array operated at about 21.8 GHz.
  • the present invention provides an advance in the art of microwave antennas.
  • the antenna of the present approach is rugged and compact, with no projecting features that can be easily broken. It produces good quality circularly polarized microwave radiation.
EP93309103A 1992-11-16 1993-11-15 Kreuz-Schlitz-Mikrowellenantenne Withdrawn EP0598580A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US97659992A 1992-11-16 1992-11-16
US976599 1992-11-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0598580A1 true EP0598580A1 (de) 1994-05-25

Family

ID=25524262

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93309103A Withdrawn EP0598580A1 (de) 1992-11-16 1993-11-15 Kreuz-Schlitz-Mikrowellenantenne

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0598580A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0722833A (de)
KR (1) KR940012703A (de)
AU (1) AU5065693A (de)
CA (1) CA2102479A1 (de)
IL (1) IL107478A0 (de)
NO (1) NO934093L (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002084800A2 (en) * 2001-04-10 2002-10-24 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Crossed slot cavity antenna
GB2411524A (en) * 2001-04-10 2005-08-31 Hrl Lab Llc Dual slot cavity antenna with slots of differing resonant frequencies
RU2473157C1 (ru) * 2011-11-17 2013-01-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Российская корпорация ракетно-космического приборостроения и информационных систем" (ОАО "Российские космические системы") Малогабаритная свч-антенна на основе метаматериала
EP2736117A1 (de) * 2012-11-22 2014-05-28 Andrew LLC Ultrabreitbandige zellulare Dualband-Basisstationsantenne
US9119234B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2015-08-25 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Drawer-type heating apparatus
CN106711576A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-24 西安电子科技大学 太阳能电池与缝隙天线集成一体化装置
WO2019141947A1 (fr) 2018-01-19 2019-07-25 Arianegroup Sas Antenne planaire destinée à équiper un véhicule spatial

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106602276A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-04-26 中国铁塔股份有限公司长春市分公司 一种wlan天线

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0018476A1 (de) * 1979-04-27 1980-11-12 Ball Corporation Kreuzschlitz-Hohlraumresonator-Antenne
US4443802A (en) * 1981-04-22 1984-04-17 University Of Illinois Foundation Stripline fed hybrid slot antenna
EP0295003A2 (de) * 1987-06-09 1988-12-14 THORN EMI plc Antenne
US4916457A (en) * 1988-06-13 1990-04-10 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Printed-circuit crossed-slot antenna
GB2251520A (en) * 1990-06-22 1992-07-08 Thomson Csf Orthogonal slot flat microwave antenna for dual polarization
EP0527417A1 (de) * 1991-08-07 1993-02-17 Alcatel Espace Miniaturisiertes Radioantennenelement

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0018476A1 (de) * 1979-04-27 1980-11-12 Ball Corporation Kreuzschlitz-Hohlraumresonator-Antenne
US4242685A (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-12-30 Ball Corporation Slotted cavity antenna
US4443802A (en) * 1981-04-22 1984-04-17 University Of Illinois Foundation Stripline fed hybrid slot antenna
EP0295003A2 (de) * 1987-06-09 1988-12-14 THORN EMI plc Antenne
US4916457A (en) * 1988-06-13 1990-04-10 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Printed-circuit crossed-slot antenna
GB2251520A (en) * 1990-06-22 1992-07-08 Thomson Csf Orthogonal slot flat microwave antenna for dual polarization
EP0527417A1 (de) * 1991-08-07 1993-02-17 Alcatel Espace Miniaturisiertes Radioantennenelement

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002084800A2 (en) * 2001-04-10 2002-10-24 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Crossed slot cavity antenna
WO2002084800A3 (en) * 2001-04-10 2003-03-27 Hrl Lab Llc Crossed slot cavity antenna
US6646618B2 (en) 2001-04-10 2003-11-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low-profile slot antenna for vehicular communications and methods of making and designing same
GB2391712A (en) * 2001-04-10 2004-02-11 Hrl Lab Llc Crossed slot cavity antenna
GB2411524A (en) * 2001-04-10 2005-08-31 Hrl Lab Llc Dual slot cavity antenna with slots of differing resonant frequencies
GB2391712B (en) * 2001-04-10 2005-10-19 Hrl Lab Llc Crossed slot antenna, method of fabrication thereof and method of receiving circularly polarized radio signals
GB2411524B (en) * 2001-04-10 2005-10-19 Hrl Lab Llc Crossed slot antenna, method of fabrication thereof and method of receiving circularly polarized radio frequency signals
US9119234B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2015-08-25 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Drawer-type heating apparatus
RU2473157C1 (ru) * 2011-11-17 2013-01-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Российская корпорация ракетно-космического приборостроения и информационных систем" (ОАО "Российские космические системы") Малогабаритная свч-антенна на основе метаматериала
EP2736117A1 (de) * 2012-11-22 2014-05-28 Andrew LLC Ultrabreitbandige zellulare Dualband-Basisstationsantenne
CN103840254A (zh) * 2012-11-22 2014-06-04 安德鲁有限责任公司 超宽带双频带蜂窝基站天线
US9276329B2 (en) 2012-11-22 2016-03-01 Commscope Technologies Llc Ultra-wideband dual-band cellular basestation antenna
EP3093919A1 (de) * 2012-11-22 2016-11-16 CommScope Technologies LLC Zellulare ultrabreitband-dualband-basisstationsantenne
US9859611B2 (en) 2012-11-22 2018-01-02 Commscope Technologies Llc Ultra-wideband dual-band cellular basestation antenna
CN103840254B (zh) * 2012-11-22 2018-03-16 康普技术有限责任公司 超宽带双频带蜂窝基站天线
CN106711576A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-24 西安电子科技大学 太阳能电池与缝隙天线集成一体化装置
CN106711576B (zh) * 2016-12-14 2019-10-25 西安电子科技大学 太阳能电池与缝隙天线集成一体化装置
WO2019141947A1 (fr) 2018-01-19 2019-07-25 Arianegroup Sas Antenne planaire destinée à équiper un véhicule spatial
FR3077165A1 (fr) * 2018-01-19 2019-07-26 Arianegroup Sas Antenne planaire destinee a equiper un vehicule spatial
US11489248B2 (en) 2018-01-19 2022-11-01 Arianegroup Sas Patch antenna for equipping a spacecraft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0722833A (ja) 1995-01-24
IL107478A0 (en) 1994-07-31
CA2102479A1 (en) 1994-05-17
NO934093L (no) 1994-05-18
KR940012703A (ko) 1994-06-24
NO934093D0 (no) 1993-11-12
AU5065693A (en) 1994-06-30

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