EP0584661A1 - Process for producing a combustible gas flow in a heat generator and generator for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Process for producing a combustible gas flow in a heat generator and generator for carrying out the process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584661A1
EP0584661A1 EP93112919A EP93112919A EP0584661A1 EP 0584661 A1 EP0584661 A1 EP 0584661A1 EP 93112919 A EP93112919 A EP 93112919A EP 93112919 A EP93112919 A EP 93112919A EP 0584661 A1 EP0584661 A1 EP 0584661A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
fuel
heat generator
gas
wall
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Granted
Application number
EP93112919A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0584661B1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Dr. Althaus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
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ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply

Definitions

  • the fuel is supplied in the center of the gas stream, a fuel nozzle protruding into the middle of this gas stream.
  • This type of fuel supply means that combustion efficiency is unsatisfactory and high NO x emissions occur.
  • the object to be achieved with the present invention is to provide a method in which the distribution of the fuel and the control of the timing of the ignition of the combustible gas stream is improved.
  • a heat generator 12 is located between a high-pressure turbine 10 and a low-pressure turbine 11.
  • This heat generator 12 has a combustion chamber 13 designed as an annular space, which is characterized by an essentially cylindrical, or more precisely frustoconical outer wall 14 and a corresponding inner wall 15 is limited.
  • a number of fuel injectors 16 are fastened evenly distributed around the circumference. These fuel nozzles 16 are arranged essentially radially inwards (FIG. 2) and transversely to the exhaust gas flow (FIG. 1). These fuel nozzles 16 are arranged in two cross-sectional planes 17 and 18, which are at a distance L from one another. The design of these fuel injection nozzles 16 can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • each fuel injector 16 is surrounded by a gas nozzle 19 and an air nozzle 20.
  • the mouth 22 of this fuel injection nozzle 16 is located in the region of the wall of the combustion chamber 13. Since the combustion chamber 13 is designed as an annular space, the surface of the heat generator 12 to be cooled becomes relatively small, and the heat generator 12 is also designed symmetrically.
  • the fuel can be supplied as a transverse jet to the gas stream emerging from the high pressure turbine. The momentum of the fuel mass flow must be large enough to produce a relatively quick and efficient mixing.
  • the fuel-gas mixture ignites automatically after about one millisecond. Flame stabilization is not necessary with this type of combustion.
  • the ignition timing can be controlled by a screen air flow from the air nozzle 20, which is blown in coaxially with the fuel, thereby preventing re-ignition.
  • the fuel can be extended over a length L are added in stages, ie there are a number of fuel injection nozzles 16 distributed uniformly around the circumference in a first cross-sectional plane 17 and a further number of fuel injection nozzles 16 are also arranged uniformly distributed around the circumference in a second cross-sectional plane 18, which are preferably arranged offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction .
  • a number of injection nozzles 24 are preferably arranged on the inner combustion chamber wall 15, which, in contrast to the radially inwardly directed injection nozzles 16 mentioned above, are directed radially outwards is.
  • the gases emerging from the high-pressure turbine 10 flow through the heat generator 12 and then reach the low-pressure turbine 11, as indicated by arrows A.
  • the gases flowing through the heat generator 12 were enriched with fuel with the aid of the fuel injection nozzles 16 and 21. Since the gas-enriched gas stream ignites immediately, its temperature is raised and reaches the low-pressure turbine 11 at the desired temperature and pressure.
  • the screen air flow from the nozzle 20 has an inhibitory effect because the air is cooler, so that the ignition point of the combustible gas flow can be delayed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

In a heat generator (12), in particular for intermediate waste-gas superheating in gas turbines (10, 11), the necessary fuel is to be supplied as finely distributed as possible to the gas to be superheated. Previously, the fuel was supplied to the gas in the direction of flow, but in this case there were problems with uniform distribution. To improve the distribution of the fuel in the gas, the injection nozzle (16, 21) is directed transversely to a wall (14, 15) delimiting the combustion chamber (13). The mouth (22) of the injection nozzle (16, 21) is situated in the region of this wall (14, 15). As a result of this transverse position, the fuel flows transversely to the waste-gas flow, as a result of which the distribution is improved. This has the advantage that the intermediate superheating can be better controlled. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft:

  • a) ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines brennbaren Gasstromes
  • b) einen Wärmeerzeuger zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
Gemäss dem Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 2.The invention relates to:
  • a) a process for generating a combustible gas stream
  • b) a heat generator for performing the method
According to the preamble of claims 1 and 2.

Bei bekannten Wärmeerzeugern dieser Art wird der Brennstoff im Zentrum des Gasstromes zugeführt, dabei ragt eine Brennstoffdüse in die Mitte dieses Gasstromes hinein.In known heat generators of this type, the fuel is supplied in the center of the gas stream, a fuel nozzle protruding into the middle of this gas stream.

Durch diese Art der Brennstoff-Zuführung ist der Wirkungsgrad bei der Verbrennung unbefriedigend und es entstehen hohe NOx Emissionen.This type of fuel supply means that combustion efficiency is unsatisfactory and high NO x emissions occur.

Die Aufgabe, die mit der vorliegenden Erfindung gelöst werden soll, besteht in der Schaffung eines Verfahrens, bei dem die Verteilung des Brennstoffes und die Steuerung des Zeitpunktes der Zündung des brennbaren Gasstromes verbessert wird.The object to be achieved with the present invention is to provide a method in which the distribution of the fuel and the control of the timing of the ignition of the combustible gas stream is improved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass

  • a) das Verfahren ausser den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 auch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen des Anspruches 1 enthält.
  • b) der Wärmeerzeuger ausser den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 2 auch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen des Anspruches 2 enthält.
According to the invention, this object is achieved in that
  • a) in addition to the features in the preamble of claim 1, the method also contains the features in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • b) the heat generator contains, in addition to the features in the preamble of claim 2, the features in the characterizing part of claim 2.

Durch das Einbringen des Brennstoff-Stromes und durch die Querstellung der Einspritzdüse, wird eine wesentlich bessere Verteilung des Brennstoffes im Gasstrom erreicht.The introduction of the fuel flow and the transverse position of the injection nozzle result in a significantly better distribution of the fuel in the gas flow.

Durch das Beifügen eines Zusatzstromes zum Brennstoff-Strom und durch die Stützdüse mit der dieser Zusatzstrom beigefügt wird, ist der Zeitpunkt der Zündung des brennbaren Gasstromes besser steuerbar.By adding an additional flow to the fuel flow and through the support nozzle with which this additional flow is added, the timing of the ignition of the combustible gas flow is more controllable.

Diese Massnahmen haben den Vorteil, dass sich eine Zwischenüberhitzung des Gasstromes im Wärmeerzeuger besser auf die gewünschten Werte steuern lässt, ausserdem wird durch eine effizientere Vermischung des Brennstoffes mit dem Gasstrom der Wirkungsgrad des Wärmeerzeugers verbessert und die NOx Emission des Wärmeerzeugers minimiert.These measures have the advantage that an intermediate overheating of the gas flow in the heat generator can be better controlled to the desired values, moreover the more efficient mixing of the fuel with the gas flow improves the efficiency of the heat generator and minimizes the NO x emission of the heat generator.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Wärmeerzeugers ist im folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben.
Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch den Wärmeerzeuger mit einer Hochdruck- und einer Niederdruck-Turbine;
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch den in Fig. 1 dargestellten Wärmeerzeuger gemäss Linie II-II
Fig. 3
eine Einzelheit aus Fig. 1 in vergrössertem Massstab.
An embodiment of the heat generator is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It shows:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through the heat generator with a high-pressure and a low-pressure turbine;
Fig. 2
a cross section through the heat generator shown in Fig. 1 according to line II-II
Fig. 3
a detail of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale.

Gemäss Fig. 1 und 2 befindet sich zwischen einer Hochdruck-Turbine 10 und einer Niederdruck-Turbine 11 ein Wärmeerzeuger 12. Dieser Wärmeerzeuger 12 weist eine als Ringraum ausgebildete Brennkammer 13 auf, die durch eine im wesentlichen zylinderförmige, oder präziser kegelstumpfförmige Aussenwand 14 und eine entsprechende Innenwand 15 begrenzt ist. In der Aussenwand 15 sind gleichmässig am Umfang verteilt eine Anzahl Brennstoff-Einspritzdüsen 16 befestigt. Diese Brennstoffdüsen 16 sind im wesentlichen radial nach innen (Fig. 2) und quer zu Abgasstrom angeordnet (Fig. 1). Diese Brennstoffdüsen 16 sind in zwei Querschnittsebenen 17 und 18 angeordnet, die in einem Abstand L voneinander entfernt sind. Die Ausbildung dieser Brennstoff-Einspritzdüsen 16 ist aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich.1 and 2, a heat generator 12 is located between a high-pressure turbine 10 and a low-pressure turbine 11. This heat generator 12 has a combustion chamber 13 designed as an annular space, which is characterized by an essentially cylindrical, or more precisely frustoconical outer wall 14 and a corresponding inner wall 15 is limited. In the outer wall 15, a number of fuel injectors 16 are fastened evenly distributed around the circumference. These fuel nozzles 16 are arranged essentially radially inwards (FIG. 2) and transversely to the exhaust gas flow (FIG. 1). These fuel nozzles 16 are arranged in two cross-sectional planes 17 and 18, which are at a distance L from one another. The design of these fuel injection nozzles 16 can be seen in FIG. 3.

Gemäss Fig. 3 ist jede Brennstoff-Einspritzdüse 16 von einer Gasdüse 19 und von einer Luftdüse 20 umgeben. Die Mündung 22 dieser Brennstoff-Einspritzdüse 16 befindet sich im Bereich der Wand der Brennkammer 13. Da die Brennkammer 13 als Ringraum ausgebildet ist, wird die zu kühlende Oberfläche des Wärmeerzeugers 12 relativ klein, ausserdem ergibt sich eine symmetrische Ausbildung des Wärmeerzeugers 12. Der Brennstoff kann als ein transversaler Strahl dem aus der Hochdruckturbine austretenden Gasstrom zugeführt werden. Der Impuls des Brennstoffmassenstromes muss genügend gross sein, um eine relativ schnelle und effiziente Vermischung zu erzeugen. Das Brennstoff-Gas-Gemisch entzündet sich nach ca. einer Millisekunde von selbst. Eine Flammstabilisierung ist bei dieser Art der Verbrennung nicht nötig. Durch einen Schirmluftstrom aus der Luftdüse 20, der koaxial zum Brennstoff eingeblasen wird, kann der Zündzeitpunkt gesteuert werden, wodurch eine Rückzündung verhindert wird. Zur Stabilisierung des Schwingungsverhaltens kann der Brennstoff über eine Länge L gestuft beigemischt werden, d.h. es sind in einer ersten Querschnittsebene 17 gleichmässig am Umfang verteilt eine Anzahl Brennstoffeinspritzdüsen 16 angeordnet und in einer zweiten Querschnittsebene 18 sind ebenfalls gleichmässig am Umfang verteilt eine weitere Anzahl Brennstoff-Einspritzdüsen 16 angeordnet, die vorzugsweise in Umfangsrichtung versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind.3, each fuel injector 16 is surrounded by a gas nozzle 19 and an air nozzle 20. The mouth 22 of this fuel injection nozzle 16 is located in the region of the wall of the combustion chamber 13. Since the combustion chamber 13 is designed as an annular space, the surface of the heat generator 12 to be cooled becomes relatively small, and the heat generator 12 is also designed symmetrically. The fuel can be supplied as a transverse jet to the gas stream emerging from the high pressure turbine. The momentum of the fuel mass flow must be large enough to produce a relatively quick and efficient mixing. The fuel-gas mixture ignites automatically after about one millisecond. Flame stabilization is not necessary with this type of combustion. The ignition timing can be controlled by a screen air flow from the air nozzle 20, which is blown in coaxially with the fuel, thereby preventing re-ignition. To stabilize the vibration behavior, the fuel can be extended over a length L are added in stages, ie there are a number of fuel injection nozzles 16 distributed uniformly around the circumference in a first cross-sectional plane 17 and a further number of fuel injection nozzles 16 are also arranged uniformly distributed around the circumference in a second cross-sectional plane 18, which are preferably arranged offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction .

Wenn der Abstand h zwischen der äusseren Brennkammerwannd 14 und der inneren Brennkammerwand 15 relativ gross ist, wird vorzugsweise eine Anzahl Einspritzdüsen 24 an der inneren Brennkammerwand 15 angeordnet, die im Gegensatz zu den oben erwähnten, radial nach innen gerichteten Einspritzdüsen 16, radial nach aussen gerichtet ist.If the distance h between the outer combustion chamber wall 14 and the inner combustion chamber wall 15 is relatively large, a number of injection nozzles 24 are preferably arranged on the inner combustion chamber wall 15, which, in contrast to the radially inwardly directed injection nozzles 16 mentioned above, are directed radially outwards is.

Die aus der Hochdruckturbine 10 austretenden Gase strömen durch den Wärmeerzeuger 12 und gelangen dann in die Niederdruckturbine 11, wie durch Pfeile A angedeutet ist.The gases emerging from the high-pressure turbine 10 flow through the heat generator 12 and then reach the low-pressure turbine 11, as indicated by arrows A.

Die durch den Wärmeerzeuger 12 strömenden Gase wurden mit Hilfe der Brennstoff-Einspritzdüsen 16 bzw. 21 mit Brennstoff angereichert. Da sich der mit Brennstoff angereicherte Gasstrom sofort entzündet, wird seine Temperatur erhöht und erreicht die Niederdruckturbine 11 mit der gewünschten Temperatur und dem gewünschten Druck.The gases flowing through the heat generator 12 were enriched with fuel with the aid of the fuel injection nozzles 16 and 21. Since the gas-enriched gas stream ignites immediately, its temperature is raised and reaches the low-pressure turbine 11 at the desired temperature and pressure.

Der Schirmluftstrom aus der Düse 20 hat eine Inhibitorwirkung da die Luft kühler ist, sodass der Zündzeitpunkt des brennbaren Gasstromes verzögert werden kann.The screen air flow from the nozzle 20 has an inhibitory effect because the air is cooler, so that the ignition point of the combustible gas flow can be delayed.

Mit den beschriebenen Düsen 16, 19 und 20 kann wahlweise

  • a) ein flüssiger Brennstoff-Strom und ein umhüllender Luftstrom
  • b) ein Gasstrom und ein umhüllender Luftstrom und
  • c) ein flüssiger Brennstoff-Strom, ein Gasstrom und ein umhüllender Luftstrom
erzeugt werden. Dies führt zu einer Durchmischungsintensivierung.With the described nozzles 16, 19 and 20 can optionally
  • a) a liquid fuel stream and an enveloping air stream
  • (b) a gas stream and an enveloping air stream; and
  • c) a liquid fuel stream, a gas stream and an enveloping air stream
be generated. This leads to an intensification of mixing.

Bezugsziffernliste:List of reference numbers:

1010th
Hochdruck-TurbineHigh pressure turbine
1111
Niederdruck-TurbineLow pressure turbine
1212th
WärmeerzeugerHeat generator
1313
BrennkammerCombustion chamber
1414
AussenwandOuter wall
1515
InnenwandInterior wall
1616
Brennstoff-EinspritzdüsenFuel injectors
1717th
QuerschnittsebeneCross-sectional level
1818th
QuerschnittsebeneCross-sectional level
1919th
GasdüseGas nozzle
2020th
LuftdüseAir nozzle
2121
Brennstoff-EinspritzdüseFuel injector
2222
Mündungmuzzle

Claims (8)

Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines brennbaren Gasstromes in einem Wärmeerzeuger (12)
   durch Beifügen von Brennstoff zum dem durch den Wärmeerzeuger (12) fliessenden Gasstrom,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Gasstrom mit einem zu diesem quer gerichteten Brennstoff-Strom mindestens teilweise durchsetzt wird, und dass dem Brennstoff-Strom zuvor eine Zusatzmasse beigefügt wird.Method for generating a combustible gas stream in a heat generator (12)
by adding fuel to the gas stream flowing through the heat generator (12),
characterized in that
the gas flow is at least partially penetrated by a fuel flow directed transversely to this, and that an additional mass is added to the fuel flow beforehand. Wärmeerzeuger (12) zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, in welchem ein Abgas durch eine Brennkammer (13) hindurch geführt wird, die mit einer Einspritzdüse (16,21) versehen ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - die Einspritzdüse (16,21) quer zu einer die Brennkammer (13) begrenzenden Wand (14,15) gerichtet ist. - sich mit ihrer Mündung (22) im Bereich dieser Wand (14,15) befindet, und - von einer Stützdüse (19,20) umgeben ist. Heat generator (12) for carrying out the method according to claim 1, in which an exhaust gas is passed through a combustion chamber (13) which is provided with an injection nozzle (16, 21),
characterized in that - The injection nozzle (16, 21) is directed transversely to a wall (14, 15) delimiting the combustion chamber (13). - Is with its mouth (22) in the region of this wall (14, 15), and - Is surrounded by a support nozzle (19, 20). Wärmeerzeuger (12) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer (13) ringförmig ausgebildet ist und eine Anzahl gleichmässig am Umfang verteilter Einspritzdüsen (16, 21) aufweist.Heat generator (12) according to claim 2, characterized in that the combustion chamber (13) is annular and has a number of uniformly distributed injection nozzles (16, 21). Wärmeerzeuger (12) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ringförmige Brennkammer (13) eine Aussenwand (14) und eine Innenwand (15) aufweist, und die Einspritzdüsen (16) an der Aussenwand (15) radial nach innen gerichtet sind.Heat generator (12) according to claim 3, characterized in that the annular combustion chamber (13) has an outer wall (14) and an inner wall (15), and the injection nozzles (16) on the outer wall (15) are directed radially inwards. Nachbrenner (12) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich zu den radial nach innen gerichteten Einspritzdüsen (16) radial nach aussen gerichtete Einspritzdüsen (21) an der Innenwand (15) angeordnet sind.Afterburner (12) according to claim 4, characterized in that in addition to the radially inwardly directed injection nozzles (16) radially outwardly directed injection nozzles (21) are arranged on the inner wall (15). Nachbrenner (12) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gleichmässig am Umfang verteilten Einspritzdüsen (16, 21) in axialer Richtung der Brennkammer gestuft und vorzugsweise in Umfangsrichtung versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind.Afterburner (12) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the injection nozzles (16, 21) distributed uniformly on the circumference are stepped in the axial direction of the combustion chamber and are preferably offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction. Wärmeerzeuger (12) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einspritzdüse (16) sich aus einer Brennstoffdüse (16) und einer ringförmig die Brennstoffdüse (16) umgebenden Stützdüse (19) zusammensetzt.Heat generator (12) according to claim 6, characterized in that the injection nozzle (16) is composed of a fuel nozzle (16) and a ring-shaped surrounding the fuel nozzle (16) support nozzle (19). Wärmeerzeuger (12) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einspritzdüse (16) sich aus einer Brennstoffdüse (16), einer ringförmig die Brennstoffdüse (16) umgebenden Gasdüse (19) und einer ringförmig die Gasdüse (19) umgebenden Luftdüse (20) zusammensetzt.Heat generator (12) according to claim 7, characterized in that the injection nozzle (16) consists of a fuel nozzle (16), a gas nozzle (19) surrounding the fuel nozzle (16) in a ring and an air nozzle (20) surrounding the gas nozzle (19) in a ring. put together.
EP19930112919 1992-08-28 1993-08-12 Process for producing a combustible gas flow in a heat generator and generator for carrying out the process Expired - Lifetime EP0584661B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH268192 1992-08-28
CH2681/92 1992-08-28

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EP0584661A1 true EP0584661A1 (en) 1994-03-02
EP0584661B1 EP0584661B1 (en) 1997-05-28

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JP (1) JP3452610B2 (en)
DE (1) DE59306570D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE43252E1 (en) 1992-10-27 2012-03-20 Vast Power Portfolio, Llc High efficiency low pollution hybrid Brayton cycle combustor
US6289666B1 (en) * 1992-10-27 2001-09-18 Ginter Vast Corporation High efficiency low pollution hybrid Brayton cycle combustor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1800611A1 (en) * 1968-10-02 1970-05-27 Hertel Dr Ing Heinrich Arrangement for injecting fuel into an air stream flowing past an injection nozzle at supersonic speed
FR2081220A1 (en) * 1970-03-19 1971-12-03 Hertel Heinrich
EP0244972A2 (en) * 1986-05-03 1987-11-11 LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company Liquid fuel combustor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1800611A1 (en) * 1968-10-02 1970-05-27 Hertel Dr Ing Heinrich Arrangement for injecting fuel into an air stream flowing past an injection nozzle at supersonic speed
FR2081220A1 (en) * 1970-03-19 1971-12-03 Hertel Heinrich
EP0244972A2 (en) * 1986-05-03 1987-11-11 LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company Liquid fuel combustor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NGUYEN, KARAGOZIAN: "Liquid Fuel Jet in Subsonic Crossflow", JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER., vol. 8, no. 1, February 1992 (1992-02-01), NEW YORK US, pages 21 - 29, XP000244077 *

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JPH06185730A (en) 1994-07-08
DE59306570D1 (en) 1997-07-03
EP0584661B1 (en) 1997-05-28
JP3452610B2 (en) 2003-09-29

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