EP0584060B1 - Appareil pour former une feuille non-tisse - Google Patents

Appareil pour former une feuille non-tisse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584060B1
EP0584060B1 EP91909529A EP91909529A EP0584060B1 EP 0584060 B1 EP0584060 B1 EP 0584060B1 EP 91909529 A EP91909529 A EP 91909529A EP 91909529 A EP91909529 A EP 91909529A EP 0584060 B1 EP0584060 B1 EP 0584060B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
edge
spinning
strand
spread
packs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91909529A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0584060A4 (fr
EP0584060A1 (fr
Inventor
Terry James Farr
James Joseph Dempsey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Publication of EP0584060A1 publication Critical patent/EP0584060A1/fr
Publication of EP0584060A4 publication Critical patent/EP0584060A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/11—Flash-spinning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for forming a nonwoven fibrous sheet.
  • the invention solves the problem of maximizing the usable sheet width by reducing the amount of edge trim waste.
  • the apparatus of the invention can be used for forming the edge of flash spun webs by (1) changing the swath throw and lay down pattern of the outer edge spinning positions so that a higher percentage of the edge swath contributes to usable sheet product and (2) reducing the effective width of the moving collection surface used for collecting the web in a sheet structure.
  • the plurality of centrally located spinning packs and the plurality of edge spinning packs are each fitted with a baffle which lays down fibrous material on a moving collection surface.
  • the edge spinning packs are fitted with baffles that lay down a relatively narrow swath of fibrous material having a triangular basis weight profile shape.
  • the edge spinning packs lay down fibrous material in cooperation with a product guide.
  • the fibrous material in the outermost portion of the swath impinges upon and slides down the product guide and onto a moving collection surface.
  • the centrally located spinning packs are fitted with baffles that lay down a relatively wide swath of fibrous material having a trapezoidal basis weight profile shape.
  • the baffles as viewed with their axes of rotation in the horizontal position, comprise integral bodies composed of a circular boss portion on a disc portion with a fillet portion extending around the boss portion.
  • the centrally located spinning packs have baffles having fillet portions that intersect with the disc portion to form a generally concave surface and are adapted to form a swath having a trapezoidal basis weight profile shape when the spread strands are deposited on a moving collection surface located below the centrally located spinning packs.
  • the edge spinning packs have baffles having fillet portions that intersect with the disc portion to form a generally convex surface and are adapted to form a swath having a triangular basis weight profile shape when the spread strands are deposited on the moving collection surface located below the edge spinning packs.
  • the axis of rotation of the baffles is perpendicular to, and coincident with the centers of the top, circular edges of both the boss portion and the disc portion.
  • the edge baffle improves yield by reducing edge losses due to low basis weight.
  • the product guides reduce the effective width of the moving collection surface used for collecting the spread strand in a sheet structure, eliminate the feathered edge of formed sheet to prevent wraps, and make taking edge trom easier.
  • edge baffles can be used alone or in combination with the product guides. However, the best results are obtained when both are used together.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevation view of an apparatus for depositing plexifilamentary material to a moving collection belt and forming a nonwoven sheet.
  • the apparatus includes a spinning assembly, a rotatable baffle, means for rotating the baffle, and collection means located below the baffle.
  • Figs. 2, 3 and 4 respectively are front, vertical section and plan views of the preferred trilobal baffle used in the centrally located spinning packs.
  • Figs. 5a-5d illustrate a baffle of the type shown in Figs. 2-4, the baffle being shown in the operating position as viewed from the spinning assembly.
  • the four views illustrate the effect of the baffle or direction of spread strand travel as it rotates 90 degrees.
  • Fig. 5e shows the trapezoidal basis weight profile shape produced by the baffle shown in Fig. 4.
  • Figs. 6, 7 and 8 respectively are front, vertical section and plan views of the modified trilobal baffle used in the edge spinning packs.
  • Figs. 9a-9d illustrate a modified baffle of the type shown in Figs. 6-8, the baffle being shown in the operating position as viewed from the spinning assembly.
  • the four views illustrate the effect of the baffle or direction of spread strand travel as it rotates 90 degrees.
  • Fig. 9e shows the triangular basis weight profile shape produced by the edge baffle shown in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic top view of the moving collection means and the edge product guides used in the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is an end view of the moving collection means and the edge product guides used in the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 shows how the edges of the sheet are built up using the baffle shown in Fig. 4.
  • Figs. 13, 14 and 15 show how the sheet edge waste is minimized and usable sheet width is increased by using the baffle shown in Fig. 8 and/or the product guides shown in Figs. 10 and 11.
  • a combination of apparatus is used in the present invention to create a nonwoven sheet with greater usable width than with similar apparatus used in the past.
  • a modified baffle is used in the edge spinning packs instead of the previously used standard pack baffle that is contained in the centrally located spinning packs.
  • the modified baffle is similar to the standard pack baffle shown in Figs. 2-4 and described in U.S. Patents 3,497,918 (Pollock) and 4,666,395 (Shah), except that the lobes and fillet portion are shaped differently to provide a narrower swath having a triangular basis weight profile shape rather than a trapezoidal basis weight profile shape.
  • FIG. 1 an apparatus of the present inventive combination is diagrammatically illustrated including a spinning assembly 11, a rotatable baffle 12, an electric motor 13 for rotating the baffle 12 through shaft 14, and a collection surface 15.
  • collection surface 15 is preferably an endless belt set up to run around rolls 16 and 17.
  • Strand 18, issuing from spinning assembly 11, is spread by baffle 12 and collected on belt (collection surface) 15 and combined with many other strands to form nonwoven sheet 20.
  • An electrostatic charging means 23 is provided to charge the spread web as it leaves baffle 12.
  • the standard trilobal rotary baffle used in the centrally located spinning packs is shown in Figs. 2-4.
  • the baffle 12 is composed of a boss portion 30, a disc portion 31 and a fillet portion 32.
  • the boss portion 30 is a right cylinder standing on a planar disc portion 31.
  • the axis is perpendicular to, and coincident with the centers of the top, circular edge 34 of the boss portion 30 and the top circular edge 35 of the disc portion 31.
  • Fillet portion 32 extends around boss portion 30, as shown in Fig. 4, and provides a sloped and contoured, generally concave, surface from the side 36 of boss portion 30 to the top flat surface 37 of disc portion 31.
  • Fillet portion 32 includes preferably three radially disposed, equispaced lobes 38 which are the outermost part of the general contours of fillet portion 32. In practice, it has been determined that between one and twelve equispaced lobes 38 can be successfully used.
  • the upper surfaces 39 of the lobes 38 are slightly wedge-shaped, i.e., the surfaces are narrower near the boss portion 30 than they are near the disc portion 31. This can best be seen in Fig. 4.
  • the edges of the wedges are indicated by lines 40; however, it should be understood that in actual construction all inflections in the surface of the fillet portion 32 are gradual. The reason for this will be apparent from the description hereinafter of the manner of using the baffle.
  • the intersection of the fillet portion 32 with the side 36 of boss portion 30 forms a series of lines, one for each lobe hereinafter referred to as the boss intersection line (B.I.L.) below the top 34 of boss portion 30.
  • the B.I.L. is identified in Fig. 2 by the numeral 41; as shown, the B.I.L. 41 is generally an S-shaped curve for each fillet portion 32.
  • the intersection of fillet portions 32 with the top surface 37 of disc portion 31 forms a series of lines, one for each fillet portion 32, hereinafter referred to as the disc intersection line (D.I.L.), inside the top, circular edge of the disc portion 31.
  • the D.I.L. is identified in Fig. 4 by the numeral 42; as shown, the D.I.L. 42 is generally slightly concave between the individual lobes 38.
  • the D.I.L. 42 can also form an equilateral triangle having rounded corners at the lobes 38.
  • strand 18 impinges on the fillet portion at a point half-way between two lobes 38.
  • the strand is spread and is deflected vertically downward, that is, the center line of the spread strand as it leaves the edge of the disc portion is vertical.
  • the baffle As the baffle rotates (clockwise in this case), the spread strand begins to be deflected to the left.
  • the center line of the spread strand as it leaves the disc is approximately perpendicular to the disc intersection line (D.I.L.) 42.
  • D.I.L. disc intersection line
  • the baffles must deflect the strand at a great enough angle such that a given minimum swath width and given basis weight profile shape result to meet the blendability needs of the product.
  • strand 18 impinges on the point of maximum slope on the left slope of a lobe 38, as shown in Fig. 5b.
  • the center line of the spread strand is deflected approximately 35 degrees from the vertical, and this is the point of maximum deflection to the left for this particular embodiment.
  • the strand 18 begins to impinge on the upper surface of a lobe 38 and the center line of the spread strand begins to shift back to vertical.
  • the baffle has rotated through about another 20 degrees (60 degrees from Fig. 5a)
  • the strand 18 impinges upon the center of a lobe 38 and is again deflected vertically downward, as shown in Fig. 5c.
  • the spread strand Upon further rotation of the baffle, the spread strand begins to impinge upon the right slope of the lobe 38, and the center line of the spread strand is diverted to the right.
  • the baffle has rotated about another 20 degrees (80 degrees from Fig. 5a) the spread strand center line is deflected approximately 35 degrees from the vertical, as shown in Fig. 5d, and this is the point of maximum deflection to the right for this particular embodiment.
  • a modified rotary baffle is shown as used in the edge spinning packs.
  • the modified or edge baffle is similar in many respects to the centrally located spinning pack baffle except that certain contour changes have been made to produce a triangular basis weight profile shape rather than a trapezoidal basis weight profile shape when operated at the same distance to the collection surface as the centrally located spinning pack baffles.
  • the major difference is that the intersection of the fillet portion 32 with the top surface 37 of the disc portion 31 (i.e., the D.I.L. 42') is generally convex between the individual lobes 38. In other words, the D.I.L. 42' bows out between each lobe 38 of the trilobal baffle. This is clearly seen in Fig. 8. It is the convex D.I.L. 42' that produces a narrower swath having a triangular basis weight profile shape.
  • Fig. 9a it will be observed that when using the edge spinning baffle with this particular orientation, strand 18 impinges on the fillet portion at a point half-way between two lobes 38.
  • the strand is spread and deflected vertically downward, that is, the center line of the spread strand as it leaves the edge of the disc portion is vertical.
  • the rotation sequence set forth for Figs. 5a-5d is the same for Figs. 9a-9d.
  • the spread strand produced by the edge spinning baffles is deflected at a smaller angle left and right than the centrally located spinning baffles. This results in creating the narrower, triangular shaped basis weight profile 45 as shown in Fig. 9e. (Dimension 59 in Fig. 9e is less than dimension 58 in Fig. 5e).
  • the edge baffle described above is preferably used in conjunction with an edge product guide which is depicted in Figs. 10 and 11.
  • the spread strand collection means is shown generally at 70, comprising machine frames 71, 72, product guides 73 and 74 and the face of belt guide 75.
  • belt guide 75 supports moving belt 76 upon which the spread strands are deposited.
  • Product guides 73 and 74 are shown disposed at about a 30° angle from vertical.
  • Product guides 73 and 74 are mounted on movable supports 77 and 78.
  • the baffle speed and direction of rotation and the amounts by which the spread strands are electrostatically charged can be varied to optimize the production of greater sheet width for different basis weights of nonwoven sheet which the invention is designed to produce.
  • the baffles of the centrally located spinning packs all operate at the same speed, and while the baffles of the edge spinning packs can often be operated at the same speed as the baffles of the centrally located spinning packs, it will be understood that they can also be operated at a different speed or rotation direction.
  • the electrostatic charge level applied to the strands from the edge spinning packs is generally lower (e.g., 60% to 100%, preferably 70% to 80% lower) than that of the charge level being applied to the strands from the centrally located spinning packs.
  • edge spinning packs applying strands along each edge of the sheet.
  • the space between the edge spinning packs can be varied to control the size and shape of the final sheet being produced.
  • the edge spinning packs can be closely spaced for special effects on the edge of the sheet.
  • the edge spinning packs can be spaced from one pack centerline to the next, or from one half the next pack centerline. However, this is largely governed by the number of packs used and the type of sheet desired.
  • a product guide is preferably used to direct the outward deflection of the spread strand to the laydown belt along both edges.
  • the surfaces of the product guides must have surfaces which have low friction and high dielectric strength so that charged strands will easily slide off.
  • Polycarbonate has been found to be a preferred material for forming the product guide using currently available commercial flash-spinning solvents.
  • the surface placement of the product guide preferably ranges from vertical to 45 degrees from vertical. However, it should be noted that the product guide can be placed at an angle greater than 45 degrees from vertical, although it would not be as effective as the preferred range.
  • the product guides are long enough to allow the strands from one to four edge spinning packs being used to impinge on it and slide off onto the moving belt.
  • the product guide is used to form a controlled straight edge of laid down strands thick enough so that fibrous material which is trimmed from the edge can be pneumatically conveyed as an unbroken tape. This minimizes the problems associated with handling strands having a feathered edge.
  • the product guide's distance from the edge is adjustable in the cross machine direction over a distance of about 30 cm.
  • Figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15 show the improvement in usable sheet width and reduction in waste (edge trim) that result from use of the edge baffle and/or product guide.
  • Fig. 12 (no edge baffle and no product guide) shows how the individual basis weight profile shapes from the centrally located spinning packs 44 stack up at the sheet edge, creating a given usable width 56 and an edge trim waste 52.
  • Fig. 12 shows a composite representation of a five (5) layer sheet edge basis weight profile shape having a "usable width" significantly less than that of the full sheet width.
  • Fig. 13 shows how the product guide modifies the full sheet profile, narrowing it by causing material 47 to be moved inward to create profile 48, and reducing edge trim waste 53 to less than 52 of Fig. 12.
  • Usable sheet width in Fig. 13, 56 is approximately the same as that of Fig. 12.
  • Fig. 14 shows the effect of the edge baffle to increase usable sheet width (57 > 56) and reduce waste trim 54 by greatly modifying and improving the sheet edge profile 49.
  • Fig. 15 shows the resultant edge profile improvement 51 when using both the product edge guide and the edge baffle. Note that usable width 57 is approximately the same as in Fig. 14, but edge trim waste 55 has been further reduced versus 54 of Fig. 14 and 53 of Fig. 13.
  • the inventive combination of edge baffles and product guides reduces edge losses by about 50% and increases usable sheet width by about 20 cm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

Combinaison d'appareils destinés à former une nappe fibreuse non tissée (20) d'une plus grande largeur utile; ladite combinaison d'appareils comprend une pluralité de modules de filage placés au centre et une pluralité de modules de filage de rive, chacun d'eux comprenant un ensemble de filage (11) pour filer un cordon fibreux (18), un déflecteur rotatif (12) pour recevoir le cordon et le dévier vers le bas tout en l'étalant simultanément et en provoquant son oscillation, et un moteur (13) pour faire tourner le déflecteur. Une surface collectrice (15) en mouvement se situe au-dessous de tous les modules de filage afin de recueillir les cordons étalés à mesure qu'ils sont déposés par les déflecteurs. Les déflecteurs des modules de filage de rive sont configurés de manière à permettre le dépôt des cordons étalés sur la surface collectrice en mouvement, afin d'obtenir un profil triangulaire de grammage de bande, tandis que les déflecteurs des modules de filage centraux sont configurés de manière à permettre le dépôt des cordons étalés sur la surface collectrice en mouvement, afin d'obtenir un profil trapézoidal de grammage de bande. De préférence, chaque module de filage de rive coopère avec un guide de produit (73, 74) contre lequel une partie du cordon étalé issu dudit module se heurte et glisse vers le bas et dans le vide pour venir tomber sur la surface collectrice en mouvement.

Claims (7)

  1. Un dispositif de fabrication d'une nappe fibreuse non tissée (20) qui comprend une pluralité de têtes de filage disposées au centre et une pluralité de têtes de filage en lisière, chacune d'entre elles comprenant un bloc de filage (11) pour filer une mèche fibreuse (18) suivant un trajet généralement horizontal, un déflecteur rotatif (12) pour recevoir la mèche (18) et la dévier vers le bas dans un plan sensiblement vertical tout en étalant simultanément la mèche (18) et en provoquant l'oscillation de la mèche étalée dans un plan généralement vertical, et des moyens (13) pour faire tourner le déflecteur (12), les déflecteurs (12), représentés avec leurs axes en position verticale, étant des corps monobloc composés d'un bossage circulaire (30) sur une partie en disque (31) avec une partie en congé (32) s'étendant autour du bossage (30), l'axe de rotation des déflecteurs (30) étant perpendiculaire et coïncidant avec les centres des bords circulaires supérieurs et du bossage (30) et de la partie en disque (31) et passant par leur centre, les déflecteurs de têtes de filage (12) disposés au centre comportant des parties de raccordement (32) dont l'intersection avec la partie en forme disque (31) pour former une surface (42) généralement concave et conçue pour former un empilement présentant une forme de profil (44) d'un poids à base trapézoïdale lorsque les mèches étalées sont déposées sur une surface de collecte (15, 76) et située en-dessous des têtes de filage centrales, caractérisé en ce que les déflecteurs de têtes de filage de lisière présentent des portions en congé (32) dont l'intersection avec la partie en forme disque (31) pour former une surface généralement convexe (42') et conçue pour former un empilement présentant une forme de profil (45) d'un poids à base triangulaire lorsque les mèches étalées sont déposées sur la surface de collection mobile (15, 76) disposées en-dessous des têtes de filage des lisières.
  2. Le dispositif de la revendication 1 dans lequel à la fois les têtes de filage disposées au centre et les têtes de filage disposées en lisière sont adaptées pour conférer aux mèches étalées une charge électrostatique et l'importance des charges des têtes de filage de lisière est comprise entre 60 et 100% de l'importance des charges des têtes de filage disposées au centre.
  3. Le dispositif de la revendication 1 dans lequel de 1 à 4 têtes de filage en lisière sont disposées sur chaque lisière de la pluralité de têtes de filage disposées au centre.
  4. Le dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 comprenant une pluralité de guides de produits (73, 74) disposés en parallèle à chaque lisière de la surface de collecte mobile (15, 76) et conçus pour réduire la largeur des mèches étalées en venant au contact d'une partie de la mèche étalée déviée par les déflecteurs des têtes de filage de lisière et déposer ses portions de mèches étalées sur la surface de collecte mobile (15, 76).
  5. Le dispositif de la revendication 4 dans lequel les guides des produits sont formés d'un matériau diélectrique.
  6. Le dispositif de la revendication 4 dans lequel les guides des produits sont formés de polycarbonate.
  7. Le dispositif de la revendication 4 dans lequel les guides des produits (73, 74) occupent une position comprise entre la verticale et une position inclinée à 45° depuis la verticale en pente vers l'intérieur vers les têtes de filage en lisière.
EP91909529A 1991-05-10 1991-05-10 Appareil pour former une feuille non-tisse Expired - Lifetime EP0584060B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1991/003119 WO1992020511A1 (fr) 1991-05-10 1991-05-10 Appareil pour former la rive de nappes filees par flash spinning

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0584060A1 EP0584060A1 (fr) 1994-03-02
EP0584060A4 EP0584060A4 (fr) 1994-04-27
EP0584060B1 true EP0584060B1 (fr) 1996-09-04

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91909529A Expired - Lifetime EP0584060B1 (fr) 1991-05-10 1991-05-10 Appareil pour former une feuille non-tisse

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0584060B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2901756B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE69121912T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2090334T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992020511A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007126674A1 (fr) * 2006-03-28 2007-11-08 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Procede de filage de fibres en solution

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100235412B1 (ko) * 1995-06-02 1999-12-15 이.아이,듀우판드네모아앤드캄파니 섬유 시트 형성 장치 및 방법
US6709623B2 (en) 2000-12-22 2004-03-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process of and apparatus for making a nonwoven web
JP4621658B2 (ja) * 2003-04-03 2011-01-26 イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー 均質な材料を形成させるためのローター式方法
ITVI20030124A1 (it) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-01 G & G Engineering Srl Dispositivo automatico per l'ottimazione della distribuzione
EP1730332B1 (fr) * 2004-04-01 2012-08-08 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Procede rotatif de formation de materiau uniforme
CN110106562B (zh) * 2019-04-26 2021-07-30 英鸿纳米科技股份有限公司 一种纳米纤维静电纺丝设备

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736676A (en) * 1953-04-24 1956-02-28 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Fibrous mats and production thereof
US3387326A (en) * 1964-06-04 1968-06-11 Du Pont Apparatus for charging and spreading a web
US3497918A (en) * 1967-04-06 1970-03-03 Du Pont Apparatus for making a nonwoven fibrous sheet
US3593074A (en) * 1969-12-22 1971-07-13 Du Pont Apparatus and process
US4334340A (en) * 1980-01-25 1982-06-15 Crown Zellerbach Corporation System and method for dispersing filaments
US4537733A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-08-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Nonwoven fiber-sheet process
US4666395A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-05-19 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for making nonwoven sheet
WO1988002795A1 (fr) * 1986-10-13 1988-04-21 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fibre de polyethylene haute densite reticulee, tissu non tisse fabrique avec cette fibre, et leur production

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007126674A1 (fr) * 2006-03-28 2007-11-08 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Procede de filage de fibres en solution
CN101405441B (zh) * 2006-03-28 2011-05-18 纳幕尔杜邦公司 溶液纺丝纤维方法
US8303874B2 (en) 2006-03-28 2012-11-06 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Solution spun fiber process
US8747723B2 (en) 2006-03-28 2014-06-10 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Solution spun fiber process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1992020511A1 (fr) 1992-11-26
EP0584060A4 (fr) 1994-04-27
EP0584060A1 (fr) 1994-03-02
DE69121912T2 (de) 1997-04-03
JPH06507211A (ja) 1994-08-11
JP2901756B2 (ja) 1999-06-07
ES2090334T3 (es) 1996-10-16
DE69121912D1 (de) 1996-10-10

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