EP0578690A1 - Oil, gas or geothermal drilling apparatus. - Google Patents

Oil, gas or geothermal drilling apparatus.

Info

Publication number
EP0578690A1
EP0578690A1 EP92907586A EP92907586A EP0578690A1 EP 0578690 A1 EP0578690 A1 EP 0578690A1 EP 92907586 A EP92907586 A EP 92907586A EP 92907586 A EP92907586 A EP 92907586A EP 0578690 A1 EP0578690 A1 EP 0578690A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill bit
stator
central tool
base
drilling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92907586A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0578690B1 (en
Inventor
Andre Leroy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0578690A1 publication Critical patent/EP0578690A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0578690B1 publication Critical patent/EP0578690B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/02—Fluid rotary type drives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/20—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole combined with surface drive
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E21B44/005—Below-ground automatic control systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'objet de l'invention est un appareil de forage pétrolier, gazier ou géothermique comportant un outil central et un trépan coaxiaux dans lequel l'outil central est entraîné par le rotor d'un moteur de fond alimenté par la boue de forage et dans lequel le trépan est entraîné, depuis la surface, par les tiges d'un train de forage appartenant à un système rotary, ces mêmes tiges soumettant l'appareil à un effort axial. Il est caractérisé en ce que, entre le stator (4) du moteur de fond et l'embase (5) du trépan, existe une liaison prismatique qui permet le déplacement axial relatif des deux outils et en ce qu'un ressort (6) est interposé entre le stator (4) et l'embase (5) de manière à être contraint par le stator quand l'outil central tend à prendre du retard par rapport au trépan dans leurs mouvements d'avance respectifs, afin de contrôler le déplacement axial relatif des deux outils et de répartir entre eux, en fonction de ce déplacement, l'effort axial auquel l'appareil est soumis. Application à l'industrie du matériel de forage notamment pétrolier, gazier ou géothermique.The object of the invention is an oil, gas or geothermal drilling apparatus comprising a central tool and a coaxial bit in which the central tool is driven by the rotor of a downhole motor fed by the drilling mud and in in which the bit is driven, from the surface, by the rods of a drill string belonging to a rotary system, these same rods subjecting the device to an axial force. It is characterized in that, between the stator (4) of the downhole motor and the base (5) of the bit, there is a prismatic connection which allows the relative axial displacement of the two tools and in that a spring (6) is interposed between the stator (4) and the base (5) so as to be constrained by the stator when the central tool tends to lag behind the bit in their respective advance movements, in order to control the displacement axial relative of the two tools and to distribute between them, as a function of this displacement, the axial force to which the device is subjected. Application to the industry of drilling equipment, in particular oil, gas or geothermal energy.

Description

APPAREIL DE FORAGE PETROLIER, GAZIER OU GEOTHERMIQUE OIL, GAS OR GEOTHERMAL DRILLING APPARATUS
L'objet de l'invention est un appareil de forage pétrolier, gazier ou géothermique, comportant un outil central et un trépan coaxiaux, dans lequel l 'outil central est entraîné par le rotor d'un moteur de fond alimenté par la boue de forage et dans lequel le trépan est entraîné, depuis la surface, par les tiges d'un train de forage appartenant à un système rotary, ces mêmes tiges soumettant l 'appareil à un effort axial. On connaît (US-A-4.862.974) un appareil répondant à cette définition ; dans un tel appareil, l 'action combinée des deux outils vise à utiliser l'énergie contenue dans la boue pour accroître l'énergie globale du forage, ce qui devient nécessaire pour garder une vitesse d'avance suffisante quand le diamètre du puits devient important.The object of the invention is an oil, gas or geothermal drilling rig, comprising a central tool and a coaxial drill bit, in which the central tool is driven by the rotor of a downhole motor powered by drilling mud. and in which the drill bit is driven from the surface by the rods of a drilling train belonging to a rotary system, these same rods subjecting the apparatus to an axial force. We know (US-A-4,862,974) a device meeting this definition; in such an apparatus, the combined action of the two tools aims to use the energy contained in the mud to increase the overall energy of the drilling, which becomes necessary to keep a sufficient speed of advance when the diameter of the well becomes large .
Un autre intérêt possible de cette organisation est de permettre à l'outil central de tourner à une vitesse angulaire olus élevée que le trépan, et de réaliser ainsi des vitesses linéaires de coupe plus uniformes sur la majeure partie u diamètre du puits foré.Another possible advantage of this organization is to allow the central tool to rotate at a higher angular speed than the drill bit, and thus to achieve more uniform linear cutting speeds over the major part of the diameter of the drilled well.
Dans l'appareil de forage décrit par le brevet (US-A-4.862.S74) , l 'appareil de forage solidarise cornDlètement l'embase du trépan et le stator du moteur de fond. Dans ces conditions, la répartition de puissance est optimale dans le seul cas où le terrain foré et les conditions de coupe imposées aux deux outils sont tels que les vitesses d'avance qui seraient prises par chacun d'eux seraient identiques s'ils agissaient séparément. Tout écart par rapport à cette situation idéale se manifeste par une médiocre répartition instantanée de la puissance et une concrétisation problématique des avantages espérés.In the drilling rig described by the patent (US-A-4,862.S74), the drilling rig securely fastens the base of the drill bit and the stator of the downhole motor. In these conditions, the power distribution is optimal in the only case where the drilled ground and the cutting conditions imposed on the two tools are such that the feed speeds which would be taken by each of them would be identical if they acted separately . Any deviation from this ideal situation manifests itself in a poor instantaneous distribution of power and a problematic realization of the expected benefits.
FEUILLE DE REMPLACEMENT L'un des résultats visés par l 'invention est de remédier à cet inconvénient.REPLACEMENT SHEET One of the results targeted by the invention is to remedy this drawback.
Entre le stator du moteur de fond et l'embase du trépan, l'appareil de forage objet de l'invention comprend une liaison prismatique de manière à permettre la translation relative des deux outils selon leur axe commun.Between the stator of the downhole motor and the base of the drill bit, the drilling device which is the subject of the invention comprises a prismatic connection so as to allow the relative translation of the two tools along their common axis.
Pour contrôler automatiquement ce déplacement axial relatif, un moyen quelconque comportant une élasticité, et que nous appellerons ressort, est interposé entre le stator du moteur de fond et l'embase du trépan de manière que le stator contraigne ce ressort quand l'outil central tend à prendre du retard par rapport au trépan dans leurs mouvements d'avance respectifs.To automatically control this relative axial displacement, any means comprising an elasticity, which we will call spring, is interposed between the stator of the downhole motor and the base of the drill bit so that the stator forces this spring when the central tool tends to fall behind the drill bit in their respective advance movements.
Pour parfaire l'efficacité du système ainsi conçu, le stator du moteur de fond et l'embase du trépan présentent des formes délimitant entre elles un orifice dont la section est fonction de leurs positions relatives, permettant la déviation d'une part variable du débit de boue, qui évite ainsi l'orifice d'admission du moteur du fond. L'appareil de forage modifie l'orifice de déviation de manière à accroître le débit admis dans le moteur quand le déplacement axial relatif du stator se fait dans le sens où il tend è contraindre le ressort et réciproquement.To improve the efficiency of the system thus designed, the stator of the downhole motor and the base of the drill bit have shapes delimiting between them an orifice whose section is a function of their relative positions, allowing the deviation of a variable part of the flow of mud, which thus avoids the intake port of the bottom engine. The drilling rig modifies the deflection orifice so as to increase the flow admitted into the motor when the relative axial displacement of the stator is in the direction in which it tends to constrain the spring and vice versa.
Enfin, pour éviter ue le moteur de fond puisse fonctionner en pompe si, pour quelque raison que ce soit, la vitesse de rotation de l'outil central venait à tomber en dessous de celle du trépan, une roue libre peut être interposée entre l'embase de l'outil central et le trépan.Finally, to prevent the downhole motor from operating as a pump if, for whatever reason, the speed of rotation of the central tool falls below that of the drill bit, a freewheel can be interposed between the base of the central tool and the drill bit.
Cette roue libre est évidemment d'un type qui la rend impuissante à s'opposer au déplacement axial relatif des deux outils et elle est montée de manière à se verrouiller quand la vitesse de rotation absolue de l'outil central tend à devenir inférieure à celle du trépan.This freewheel is obviously of a type which makes it powerless to oppose the relative axial displacement of the two tools and it is mounted so as to lock when the absolute rotation speed of the central tool tends to become lower than that of the drill bit.
Les avantages de l 'appareil de forage objet de l'invention sont les suivants :The advantages of the drilling device which is the subject of the invention are the following:
FEUILLE DE REMPLACEMENT - il impose aux deux outils une vitesse d'avance égale en moyenne sans imposer l'égalité, inopportune, des vitesses d'avance instantanées,REPLACEMENT SHEET - it imposes on the two tools an equal advance speed on average without imposing the untimely equality of instantaneous advance speeds,
- il réalise automatiquement, à fond de trou, la variation des conditions de coupe imposées à chacun des outils en fonction des variations de résistance du terrain et permet ainsi, dans toutes les circonstances, une répartition instantanée convenable de la puissance disponible ; ainsi, quand l'outil central tend à prendre du retard dans son mouvement d'avance et se trouve freiné dans sa rotation, le ressort contrôle l'accroissement de l'effort sur l 'outil central et le soulagement simultané du trépan, tandis que l'étranglement de l'écoulement de la boue par l 'orifice variable accroît la puissance hydraulique disponible pour le moteur de fond : ceci permet au moteur de délivrer un couple plus élevé et à l'appareil ce réagir en souplesse contre le ralentissement de l'outil central,- it automatically performs, at the bottom of the hole, the variation of the cutting conditions imposed on each of the tools as a function of the variations in resistance of the ground and thus allows, in all circumstances, a suitable instantaneous distribution of the available power; thus, when the central tool tends to lag in its advance movement and is braked in its rotation, the spring controls the increase in the force on the central tool and the simultaneous relief of the drill bit, while the throttling of the mud flow through the variable orifice increases the hydraulic power available for the downhole engine: this allows the engine to deliver higher torque and the device to react flexibly against the slowdown of the central tool,
- il permet de solidariser automatiquement les deux outils en rotation, sans devoir interrompre le forage en cours, lorsque, pour une raison quelconque, le moteur de fond est immobilisé ou n'a plus la puissance nécessaire pour permettre à l'appareil de fonctionner dans des conditions nor a les.- it allows the two rotating tools to be secured automatically, without having to interrupt the drilling in progress, when, for any reason, the downhole motor is immobilized or no longer has the power necessary to allow the device to operate in nor a conditions.
Les figures 1 à 3 du dessin ci-annexé décrivent à titre d'exemple une réalisation de l'appareil de forage, objet de l'invention, dans laquelle sont présentes toutes les dispositions énu érées ci-cessus.Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawing describe by way of example an embodiment of the drilling rig, object of the invention, in which are present all the provisions listed above.
La figure 1 présente est une coupe axiale deFigure 1 shows an axial section of
1 ' apparei 1 de forage. La figure 2 présente, à échelle majorée, une coupe partielle II-II de la figure 1 (le moteur étant vu de dessus sans être coupé) .1 drilling rig 1. Figure 2 shows, on an enlarged scale, a partial section II-II of Figure 1 (the engine being viewed from above without being cut).
La figure 3 est une partie, à échelle agrandie, de la coune axiale présentée à la fiαure 1.FIG. 3 is a part, on an enlarged scale, of the axial neck presented in FIG. 1.
FEUILLE DE REMPLACEMENT On reconnaît sur ces figures, l'outil central 1 entraîné en rotation par un moteur de fond identifié par son stator 4 ainsi que le trépan 2 et son embase 5 entraînés depuis la surface par des tiges 3 d'un train de forage appartenant à un système rotary.REPLACEMENT SHEET We recognize in these figures, the central tool 1 driven in rotation by a bottom motor identified by its stator 4 as well as the drill bit 2 and its base 5 driven from the surface by rods 3 of a drilling train belonging to a rotary system.
Entre le stator 4 du moteur de fond et l'embase 5 du trépan, l'appareil comprend une liaison prismatique 450.Between the stator 4 of the downhole motor and the base 5 of the drill bit, the device comprises a prismatic connection 450.
L'embase est ici en deux pièces assemblées par le filet conique 51. La liaison prismatique 450 est ici réalisée par une cannelure comportant quatre dents 40 sur le stator, engagées entre des dents 50 appartenant à l'embase 5 du trépan.The base is here in two parts assembled by the conical thread 51. The prismatic connection 450 is here produced by a groove comprising four teeth 40 on the stator, engaged between teeth 50 belonging to the base 5 of the drill bit.
Le ressort 5 travaillant en compression prend appui, en 570, sur l'embase du trépan et, en 416, sur quatre saillants 41 du stator 4, les surfaces de tête de ces saillants formant, en 451, un guidage cylindrique complémentaire du stator dans l'embase du trépan.The spring 5 working in compression bears, in 570, on the base of the drill bit and, in 416, on four projections 41 of the stator 4, the head surfaces of these projections forming, in 451, a complementary cylindrical guide of the stator in the base of the drill bit.
Les saillants 41 du stator 4 présentent d'autre part des faces d'appui 452 qui peuvent constituer avec des faces d'appui 532 sur des saillants 53 de l'embase 5 du trépan une butée permettant d'extraire l'appareil du puits sans en perdre une partie.The projections 41 of the stator 4 have, on the other hand, bearing faces 452 which may constitute, with bearing faces 532 on the projections 53 of the base 5 of the drill bit, a stop enabling the device to be extracted from the well without lose part of it.
L'orifice 7 par où passe la boue déviée de l'orifice d'aαmission 8 du moteur de fond est étranglé par le stator 4 du moteur de fond quand celui-ci comprime le ressort 6, de sorte qu'un débit de boue croissant est alors acmis dans le moteur par son orifice d'admission 8.The orifice 7 through which the mud deviated from the inlet orifice 8 of the downhole motor is throttled by the stator 4 of the downhole motor when the latter compresses the spring 6, so that an increasing flow of mud is then admitted into the engine through its intake port 8.
Le débit de boue qui a franchi l 'orifice 7 circule dans l'espace annulaire 453 entre l'embase 5 du trépan et le stator 4 du moteur de fond, traverse les orifices 52 qui constituent des restricteurs, puis traverse le trépan et gagne le puits par des orifices 20 ménagés dans le corps du trépan .The flow of mud which has passed through the orifice 7 circulates in the annular space 453 between the base 5 of the drill bit and the stator 4 of the downhole motor, crosses the orifices 52 which constitute restrictors, then crosses the drill bit and reaches the well by holes 20 formed in the body of the drill bit.
FEUILLE DESHEET
REMPLACEMENT Le débit de boue qui a été admis dans le moteur par l 'orifice 8 traverse le moteur en lui cédant de l'énergie et s'échappe finalement dans le puits par des orifices 10 ménagés dans l 'outil central. L'appareil de forage comprend encore une roue libre à rouleaux (211) interposée entre la surface 21 de l'alésage de l'embase du trépan 2 et une portée de l'embase 11 de 1 Outi 1 cent al 1.REPLACEMENT The flow of sludge which has been admitted into the motor through the orifice 8 passes through the motor, yielding energy to it and finally escapes into the well through orifices 10 formed in the central tool. The drilling rig also comprises a free roller wheel (211) interposed between the surface 21 of the bore of the base of the drill bit 2 and a bearing surface of the base 11 of 1 Outi 1 cent al 1.
Cette roue libre est montée de manière qu'elle se verrouille quand la vitesse de rotation absolue de l 'outil central tend à tomber en dessous de celle du trépan.This freewheel is mounted so that it locks when the absolute rotation speed of the central tool tends to fall below that of the drill bit.
FEUILLE DE REMPLACEMENT REPLACEMENT SHEET

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Appareil de forage pétrolier, gazier ou géothermique comportant un outil central (1) et un trépan (2) coaxiaux, dans lequel l 'outil central (1) est entraîné par le rotor d'un moteur de fond alimenté par la boue de forage et dans lequel le trépan (2) est entraîné, depuis la surface, par les tiges (3) d'un train de forage appartenant à un système rotary, ces mêmes tiges soumettant l'appareil à un effort axial, cet appareil de forage étant CARACTERISE en ce que, entre le stator (4) du moteur de fond et l'embase (5) du trépan, il comprend une liaison prismatique (450) qui permet le déplacement axial relatif des deux outils et en ce qu'un moyen élastique (6) est interposé entre le stator (4) et l'embase (5) de manière à être contraint par le stator quand l'outil central tend à prendre du retard par rapport au trépan dans leurs mouvements d'avance respectifs, afin de contrôler le déplacement axial relatif des deux outils et de répartir entre eux, en fonction de ce déplacement, l'effort axial auquel l'appareil est soumis.1. Oil, gas or geothermal drilling rig comprising a central tool (1) and a coaxial drill bit (2), in which the central tool (1) is driven by the rotor of a downhole motor supplied by the mud of drilling and in which the drill bit (2) is driven, from the surface, by the rods (3) of a drilling train belonging to a rotary system, these same rods subjecting the apparatus to an axial force, this drilling apparatus being CHARACTERIZED in that, between the stator (4) of the downhole motor and the base (5) of the drill bit, it comprises a prismatic connection (450) which allows the relative axial displacement of the two tools and in that a means elastic (6) is interposed between the stator (4) and the base (5) so as to be constrained by the stator when the central tool tends to lag behind the drill bit in their respective feed movements, so to control the relative axial displacement of the two tools and to distribute between them, according to this displacement, the axial force to which the device is subjected.
2. Appareil de forage conforme à la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le stator (4) du moteur de fond et l'embase (5) du trépan présentent des formes délimitant entre elles un orifice (7) dont la section est fonction de leurs positions relatives, par lequel orifice (7) la boue est déviée de l'orifice d'admission (8) du moteur, de manière à accroître le débit admis dans le moteur quand le déplacement axial relatif du stator se fait dans le sens où il tend à contraindre le ressort (6) et réciproquement. 2. A drilling rig according to claim 1 characterized in that the stator (4) of the downhole motor and the base (5) of the drill bit have shapes delimiting between them an orifice (7) whose cross section is a function of their relative positions, through which orifice (7) the mud is deflected from the intake orifice (8) of the engine, so as to increase the flow admitted into the engine when the relative axial movement of the stator is in the direction in which it tends to constrain the spring (6) and vice versa.
3. Appareil de forage conforme aux revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce qu'une roue libre (211), d'un type permettant le déplacement axial relatif des deux outils, est interposée entre l'embase (11) de l'outil central (1) et le trépan (2), et montée de manière à se verrouiller quand la vitesse de rotation absolue de l 'outil central tend à tomber en dessous de celle du trépan.3. A drilling rig according to claims 1 or 2 characterized in that a free wheel (211), of a type allowing the relative axial movement of the two tools, is interposed between the base (11) of the central tool (1) and the drill bit (2), and mounted so as to lock when the absolute rotation speed of the central tool tends to fall below that of the drill bit.
FEUILLE DE REMPLACEMENT REPLACEMENT SHEET
EP92907586A 1991-04-12 1992-04-03 Oil, gas or geothermal drilling apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0578690B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9104824A FR2675197B1 (en) 1991-04-12 1991-04-12 OIL, GAS OR GEOTHERMAL DRILLING APPARATUS.
FR9104824 1991-04-12
PCT/EP1992/000771 WO1992018740A1 (en) 1991-04-12 1992-04-03 Oil, gas or geothermal drilling apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0578690A1 true EP0578690A1 (en) 1994-01-19
EP0578690B1 EP0578690B1 (en) 1995-12-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92907586A Expired - Lifetime EP0578690B1 (en) 1991-04-12 1992-04-03 Oil, gas or geothermal drilling apparatus

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5343964A (en)
EP (1) EP0578690B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2104010C (en)
DE (1) DE69206792T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2675197B1 (en)
NO (1) NO305406B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2062861C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992018740A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69206792T2 (en) 1996-05-30
NO305406B1 (en) 1999-05-25
CA2104010A1 (en) 1992-10-13
NO933660D0 (en) 1993-10-11
NO933660L (en) 1993-10-11
CA2104010C (en) 1997-12-30
FR2675197A1 (en) 1992-10-16
EP0578690B1 (en) 1995-12-13
DE69206792D1 (en) 1996-01-25
FR2675197B1 (en) 1993-07-16
RU2062861C1 (en) 1996-06-27
WO1992018740A1 (en) 1992-10-29
US5343964A (en) 1994-09-06

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