EP0578132B1 - Apparatus for compacting and/or forming with abrasives - Google Patents

Apparatus for compacting and/or forming with abrasives Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578132B1
EP0578132B1 EP19930110504 EP93110504A EP0578132B1 EP 0578132 B1 EP0578132 B1 EP 0578132B1 EP 19930110504 EP19930110504 EP 19930110504 EP 93110504 A EP93110504 A EP 93110504A EP 0578132 B1 EP0578132 B1 EP 0578132B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
screw
tube
flow
blasting
blast medium
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EP19930110504
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0578132A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Ruholl
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Heinrich Schlick GmbH
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Heinrich Schlick GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0092—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed by mechanical means, e.g. by screw conveyors

Definitions

  • EP 0 218 869 discloses a device for uniformly metering granular blasting media in pneumatically operating blasting media systems.
  • blasting media is kept in stock in a closed, pressure-resistant vessel.
  • a screw conveyor is arranged under an outlet funnel of the boiler and rotates in a horizontal screw tube.
  • the receiving area of the screw conveyor detects the abrasive and delivers it to the discharge area.
  • the end of the screw tube is connected to a pipe into which the blasting agent is fed. Since the pipeline is pressurized with compressed air, the blasting medium is carried away by the conveying gas flow and guided to the blasting nozzle.
  • a device for compensating the pressure gradient from the inside of the closed boiler to the inside of the screw tube up to the delivery line is provided.
  • the previous measures have been taken
  • the blasting agent to be dosed is not sufficiently uniform. Rather, precise, reproducible blasting conditions are necessary.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a device for solidifying and / or shaping by blasting media so that precisely reproducible values for processing measures to be carried out can be made available easily and safely.
  • the device is also suitable for a surface cleaning and a surface finishing process, for example homogenization of thermally sprayed surfaces.
  • the blasting medium preferably consists of bodies, such as balls made of steel, glass or ceramic, as well as corundum particles.
  • the diameter of the body has a decisive influence on the desired one Solidification and deformation result. If, on the other hand, cleaning blasting or roughening blasting is carried out with the device according to the invention, grain size or configurations also determine the result to be achieved here.
  • the evaluation unit is bidirectional with the controllable drive via a control line, e.g. a DC drive is connected. This makes it possible to optimally control the abrasive dosing screw for dosing a desired amount of abrasive.
  • the direct current drive of the abrasive dosing screw contains a four-quadrant speed controller with a tachometer feedback. This guarantees almost 100% synchronism of the blasting agent metering screw.
  • a flow sensor that works on the principle of capacitance measurement.
  • a calibration is carried out with empty capacity.
  • the change in capacity as a measure of the solids concentration can be processed as a converted pulse-frequency modulation signal which is not susceptible to interference. It is of course also possible to convert the change in capacitance into any other known signal form. In all cases, however, it is ensured that a signal proportional to the solids concentration is available for further processing. This signal can also be used for display purposes in addition to controlling the speed of the blasting agent metering screw.
  • the tube has a flow and / or before and after the measuring position of the flow sensor follows. This means that the amount of blasting media can be precisely measured without turbulence and deposits and the values can be used for control purposes.
  • At least one computer preferably a microcomputer, is installed in the evaluation unit.
  • a microcomputer One can speak of a CNC blasting machine.
  • This computer is connected in the form of a multi-computer coupling to another computer, which in particular calculates the solids concentration. This has the advantage that, on the one hand, the blasting system is controlled safely and, on the other hand, quickly. It is of course also possible that the required functions can be carried out by further computers or only one computer.
  • Figure 1 shows essential parts of a device for Solidification and / or shaping by blasting media. It shows the hopper 1 and the outlet nozzle 1 'of a pressure vessel 100 arranged above the outlet nozzle, in which there are blasting media 11, for example balls made of steel, glass or plastic or similar blasting media.
  • the pressure vessel 100 can be opened and closed via a lockable closure, as is known from the prior art mentioned at the beginning.
  • a pressure compensation line can also be provided, which will be described below.
  • blasting agent is introduced into the pressure vessel 100 via an inlet (not shown). After closing the boiler, compressed air is applied to it. This ensures that the blasting medium 11 always flows uniformly to a blasting medium feed 2.
  • a pressure compensation line 30 which begins at the boiler and ends at a screw tube 20.
  • the blasting agent feed 2 consists of a screw tube 27 and a blasting agent metering screw 20 rotating therein.
  • the blasting agent metering screw 20 carries the screw spirals 25, 25 'on a screw shaft 21.
  • the blasting agent metering screw 20 is distinguished from other screw conveyors in that the diameters of the screw coils at the end are relatively small compared to the diameters at the beginning of the screw. In the drawing, these diameters are defined with D2 and D1.
  • the first worm shaft diameters D1 are essentially constant Diameter. Between the two-speed helix 25, 25 'there are helix distances 24.1, ... 24.n. As can be seen from the drawing, the first screw spiral distances 24.1 are initially uniformly wide. They continuously decrease in size in the middle of the helix and can continuously get smaller. This creates screw spiral sections 26.1, ... 26.n with different volumes, which are limited by the two-speed screw spiral 25, 25 ', the screw shaft 21 and the housing.
  • the blasting agent metering screw 20 of the blasting agent feed 2 is driven by a direct current drive 7.
  • the DC drive 7 consists of a gear and a geared motor or a DC motor with transistor control.
  • a four-quadrant speed controller with a tachometer feedback is arranged on the DC drive 7. This ensures that the speed of the abrasive dosing screw 20 can be moved continuously and with a set number of revolutions with almost 100% synchronism.
  • the blasting agent 11 According to the speed of the blasting agent dosing screw 20 and due to its special design, the blasting agent can be dosed.
  • the blasting agent 11 first reaches the rear screw spiral sections (at 26.1) and is conveyed forward by rotation (to the left in FIG. 2). When it arrives at the end 28, the blasting agent 11 in the last sections 26 already begins to exit into the delivery area 14 and the delivery opening 14 'in order to then completely leave the blasting agent metering screw 20 in the first section 26.1.
  • the conical tapering of the screw at the end 20 ensures that the abrasive flows out evenly Two-speed helix 25, 25 '.
  • the blasting agent 11 Due to the continuous tapering in the direction of the discharge area 14, the blasting agent 11 is compressed and the even metering at the end 20 is further promoted.
  • the lead section 3 is followed by a flow sensor 4, which is connected to an evaluation unit 8.
  • the blasting agent 11 flows from the leading section 3 centered into the flow sensor 4.
  • the flow sensor 4 uses a measuring capacitor 40 for the measured value recording.
  • the absolute change in capacitance - caused by solid particles of the blasting agent 11 per unit space in the measuring capacitor 40 - compared to previously with the help the evaluation unit 8 calibrated empty tube capacity is proportional to the abrasive throughput.
  • the change in capacitance is converted into an interference-free pulse frequency modulation signal and then fed to the evaluation unit 8.
  • the evaluation unit 8 calculates the abrasive throughput taking into account the calibration factors, thus sets the rotational speed of the abrasive dosing screw 20 and shows important measured quantities of the abrasive throughput on a display.
  • the blasting material 11 continues to flow in free fall through a follow-up section 5 into a mixing chamber 9 in a delivery line 12.
  • the blasting medium 11 is entrained by the compressed air P flowing in from the side and through a blasting hose 6 to a blasting nozzle (not shown) transported (arrow L). This then comes out of the jet nozzle Blasting agent 11 with a predetermined blasting pressure on a workpiece to be solidified.
  • the evaluation unit 8 calculates with its computer, for. B. a microcomputer, the quantity tolerance and increases or decreases the speed of the abrasive dosing screw 20 accordingly automatically via a control line 10, so that the abrasive 11 is always conveyed constantly with a deviation of, for example, ⁇ 2%.
  • the blasting system is automatically interrupted by the evaluation unit 8.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Verfestigen und/oder Umformen durch Strahlmittel, welches durch eine Förderleitung mittels Druckluft einer Strahldüse zuführbar ist, mit folgenden weiteren Teilen:

  • einem geschlossenen Kessel, in dem sich ein Vorrat von Strahlmittel befindet,
  • eine durch einen regelbaren Antrieb angetriebene Strahlmittelzuführung, die eine Förderschnecke in einem Schneckenrohr umfaßt, das am Schneckenanfang mit einem Aufnahmebereich, der unter dem Kessel positioniert ist, und am Schneckenende mit einen Abgabebereich versehen ist, wobei der Abgabebereich über ein Fallrohr mit der Förder leitung verbunden ist,
  • einem Durchflußmeßaufnehmer für den Strahlmitteldurchsatz am zwischen dem Abgabebereich der Förderschnecke und der Förderleitung befindlichen Rohr angeordnet ist, der Meßsignale erzeugt, und
  • einer Auswerteeinheit, die mit dem Durchflußmeßaufnehmer verbunden ist und die Meßsignale derart verarbeitet, daß aus dem empfangenen Meßsignalen der Strahlmittelanteil im Inneren des Rohres unter Berücksichtigung von Kalibierfaktoren errechnet und in Abhängigkeit von den errechneten Werten in einem Vergleich mit einem vorgegebenen Sollwert die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Förderschnecke so einstellt, daß ein gleichbleibender und kontrollierter Durchsatz des Strahlmittels zum Förderrohr gewährleistet ist,
Eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der GB-A 2 182 628 bekannt. Durch einen Trichter wird über einen Einlaßkanal ein granuliertes Medium in ein Gehäuse geleitet, in dem eine Förderschnecke rotiert. Gegenüber dem Ende der Förderschnecke ist am Gehäuse ein Auslaßrohr angeordnet, durch das das granulierte Medium herausfließt. Am Auslaßrohr befindet sich ein Annäherungsschalter, der Meßsignale erzeugt, mit denen die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Förderschnecke einstellbar ist. Auch wenn hierdurch der Fluß des Strahlmittels regulierbar ist, sind genau reproduzierbare Werte für durchzuführende Bearbeitungsmaßnahmen kaum oder nur mit einem hohen Aufwand bereitstellbar.The invention relates to a device for solidifying and / or shaping by means of blasting media, which can be fed to a blasting nozzle by means of compressed air through a delivery line, with the following further parts:
  • a closed boiler in which there is a stock of blasting media,
  • a blast medium supply driven by a controllable drive, which comprises a screw conveyor in a screw tube, which is provided at the beginning of the screw with a receiving area which is positioned below the boiler and at the screw end with a delivery area, the delivery area being connected via a down pipe to the delivery line is
  • a flow sensor for the abrasive flow rate is arranged on the pipe located between the delivery area of the screw conveyor and the delivery line, which generates measurement signals, and
  • an evaluation unit, which is connected to the flow sensor and processes the measurement signals in such a way that the abrasive content in the interior of the tube is calculated from the received measurement signals, taking into account calibration factors and, depending on the calculated values, the speed of rotation of the screw conveyor in a comparison with a predetermined target value sets that a constant and controlled throughput of the blasting agent to the delivery pipe is guaranteed,
A device of the type mentioned is known from GB-A 2 182 628. A granulated medium is passed through a funnel via an inlet channel into a housing in which a screw conveyor rotates. An outlet pipe through which the granulated medium flows out is arranged on the housing opposite the end of the screw conveyor. There is a proximity switch on the outlet pipe, which generates measurement signals with which the speed of rotation of the screw conveyor can be adjusted. Even if the flow of the abrasive can be regulated as a result, precisely reproducible values for machining measures to be carried out can hardly be provided, or only with great effort.

Weiterhin ist aus der EP 0 218 869 eine Vorrichtung zum gleichmäßigen Dosieren von körnigem Strahlmittel bei pneumatisch arbeitenden Strahlmittelanlagen bekannt. Bei dieser Vorrichtung wird Strahlmittel in einem geschlossenen druckfesten Kessel vorrätig gehalten. Unter einem Auslauftrichter des Kessels ist eine Förderschnecke angeordnet, die sich in einem waagerechten Schneckenrohr dreht. Dabei erfaßt der Aufnahmebereich der Förderschnecke Strahlmittel und gibt es an den Abgabebereich ab. Das Schneckenrohr ist an seinem Ende mit einer Rohrleitung verbunden, in den das Strahlmittel eingegeben wird. Da die Rohrleitung mit Druckluft beaufschlagt ist, wird das Strahlmittel vom Fördergasstrom mitgerissen und zur Strahldüse geführt. Zur Vergleichmäßigung des zu dosierenden Strahlmittels ist eine Vorrichtung zum Ausgleich des Druckgefälles vom Inneren des geschlossenen Kessels zum Inneren des Schneckenrohres bis hin zur Förderleitung vorgesehen. Um aber reproduzierbare Werte der durch das Bestrahlen eintretenden mechanischen Eigenschaftsverbesserung bzw. Umformung von Oberflächen an Gegenständen, wie Werkstücken, Bauteilen, Flachteilen oder dergleichen zu bekommen, sind die bisherigen Maßnahmen zur Vergleichmäßigung des zu dosierenden Strahlmittels nicht ausreichend. Vielmehr sind präzise, reproduzierbare Strahlbedingungen notwendig.Furthermore, EP 0 218 869 discloses a device for uniformly metering granular blasting media in pneumatically operating blasting media systems. In this device, blasting media is kept in stock in a closed, pressure-resistant vessel. A screw conveyor is arranged under an outlet funnel of the boiler and rotates in a horizontal screw tube. The receiving area of the screw conveyor detects the abrasive and delivers it to the discharge area. The end of the screw tube is connected to a pipe into which the blasting agent is fed. Since the pipeline is pressurized with compressed air, the blasting medium is carried away by the conveying gas flow and guided to the blasting nozzle. To equalize the blasting medium to be metered, a device for compensating the pressure gradient from the inside of the closed boiler to the inside of the screw tube up to the delivery line is provided. However, in order to obtain reproducible values of the mechanical property improvement or reshaping of surfaces on objects, such as workpieces, components, flat parts or the like, caused by the irradiation, the previous measures have been taken The blasting agent to be dosed is not sufficiently uniform. Rather, precise, reproducible blasting conditions are necessary.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Verfestigen und/oder Umformen durch Strahlmittel so weiter zu entwickeln, daß genau reproduzierbare Werte für durchzuführende Bearbeitungsmaßnahmen einfach und sicher zur Verfügung gestellt werden können.The invention has for its object to develop a device for solidifying and / or shaping by blasting media so that precisely reproducible values for processing measures to be carried out can be made available easily and safely.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention the object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß das konisch verjüngte Schneckenende dafür sorgt, daß anstelle der impulsartigen Förderung bekannter Schnecken das Strahlmittel immer gleichmäßig ausläuft. Durch die kontinuierliche Verkleinerung der Schneckenwendelsektionen, bedingt durch die Steigungsverjüngung, wird das Strahlmittel komprimiert und die gleichmäßige Dosierung im Abgabebereich begünstigt. Dadurch ist gesichert daß die Strahlmittelparameter

  • Strahlmittelgeschwindigkeit und
  • Strahlmittelmenge pro Fläche bzw. Zeiteinheit
  • und damit die genaue und gleichmäßige Bestrahlung des Werkstückes
exakt eingestellt werden.The advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in that the conically tapered screw end ensures that instead of the pulse-like conveying of known screws, the blasting agent always runs out evenly. The continuous reduction in size of the screw spiral sections, due to the tapering of the pitch, compresses the blasting agent and promotes even dosing in the delivery area. This ensures that the abrasive parameters
  • Abrasive speed and
  • Quantity of abrasive per surface or unit of time
  • and thus the precise and uniform irradiation of the workpiece
can be set exactly.

Es sei ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, daß sich die Vorrichtung auch für ein Oberflächenreinigungs- und ein Oberflächenveredelungsverfahren, z.B. Homogenisierung thermisch gespritzter Oberflächen, eignet. Das Strahlmittel besteht vorzugsweise aus Körpern, wie Kugeln aus Stahl, Glas oder Keramik sowie Korund-Teilchen. Der Durchmesser der Körper hat dabei einen ganz entscheidenden Einfluß auf das gewünschte Verfestigungs- und Verformungsergebnis. Wird dagegen mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, wie bereits darauf hingewiesen, ein Reinigungsstrahlen oder ein Aufrauhungsstrahlen vorgenommen, bestimmen Korngröße bzw. -konfigurationen auch hier das zu erzielende Ergebnis.It should be expressly pointed out that the device is also suitable for a surface cleaning and a surface finishing process, for example homogenization of thermally sprayed surfaces. The blasting medium preferably consists of bodies, such as balls made of steel, glass or ceramic, as well as corundum particles. The diameter of the body has a decisive influence on the desired one Solidification and deformation result. If, on the other hand, cleaning blasting or roughening blasting is carried out with the device according to the invention, grain size or configurations also determine the result to be achieved here.

Für Regelungszwecke ist die Auswerteeinheit über eine Steuerleitung bidirektional mit dem regelbaren Antrieb, z.B. einem Gleichstromantrieb ist, verbunden. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Strahlmitteldosierschnecke für das Dosieren einer gewünschten Strahlmittelmenge optimal zu steuern.For control purposes, the evaluation unit is bidirectional with the controllable drive via a control line, e.g. a DC drive is connected. This makes it possible to optimally control the abrasive dosing screw for dosing a desired amount of abrasive.

Vorteilhaft ist es, daß der Gleichstromantrieb der Strahlmitteldosierschnecke einen Vier-Quadranten-Drehzahlregler mit einer Tachorückführung enthält. Dadurch ist ein nahezu hundertprozentiger Gleichlauf der Strahlmitteldosierschnecke gewährleistet.It is advantageous that the direct current drive of the abrasive dosing screw contains a four-quadrant speed controller with a tachometer feedback. This guarantees almost 100% synchronism of the blasting agent metering screw.

Vorteilhaft ist es, einen Durchflußmeßaufnehmer zu verwenden, der nach dem Kapazitätsmeßprinzip arbeitet. Mit und durch die Auswerteeinheit erfolgt eine Eichung bei Leerkapazität. Die Kapazitätsänderung als Maß für die Feststoffkonzentration ist als umgewandeltes störunanfälliges Puls-Frequenz-Modulations-Signal verarbeitbar. Möglich ist es natürlich auch, die Kapazitätsänderung in eine andere beliebige bekannte Signalform umzuwandeln. Gesichert ist aber in sämtlichen Fällen, daß ein der Feststoffkonzentration proportionales Signal zu einer weiteren Verarbeitung vorhanden ist. Dieses Signal kann außer zur Regelung der Geschwindigkeit der Strahlmitteldosierschnecke auch zu Anzeigezwecken benutzt werden.It is advantageous to use a flow sensor that works on the principle of capacitance measurement. With and through the evaluation unit, a calibration is carried out with empty capacity. The change in capacity as a measure of the solids concentration can be processed as a converted pulse-frequency modulation signal which is not susceptible to interference. It is of course also possible to convert the change in capacitance into any other known signal form. In all cases, however, it is ensured that a signal proportional to the solids concentration is available for further processing. This signal can also be used for display purposes in addition to controlling the speed of the blasting agent metering screw.

Vorteilhaft ist es, daß das Rohr vor und nach der Meßposition des Durchflußmeßaufnehmers eine Vorlauf- und/oder Nachlaufstrecke aufweist. Dadurch kann das Strahlmittel ohne Verwirbelung und Ablagerungen in seiner Menge genauestens erfaßt und die Werte zu Regelungszwecken benutzt werden.It is advantageous that the tube has a flow and / or before and after the measuring position of the flow sensor Follows. This means that the amount of blasting media can be precisely measured without turbulence and deposits and the values can be used for control purposes.

Um die komplexen Meßwerterfassungs- und Strahlmitteldosierungsvorgänge zu ermöglichen, ist in der Auswerteeinheit wenigstens ein Rechner, vorzugsweise ein Mikrorechner installiert. Es kann von einer CNC-Strahlanlage gesprochen werden.In order to enable the complex measurement value acquisition and blasting agent dosing processes, at least one computer, preferably a microcomputer, is installed in the evaluation unit. One can speak of a CNC blasting machine.

Einer der Rechner ist in der Auswerteeinheit über eine Schnittstelle angeschlossen, insbesondere

  • a) zum externen Soll-/Istwertvergleich,
  • b) zur Fernkontrolle der Rückflußmengen,
  • c) zur Dokumentation der Strahlparameter und/oder
  • d) zur Feststellung von Abweichungen.
One of the computers is connected to the evaluation unit via an interface, in particular
  • a) for external setpoint / actual value comparison,
  • b) for remote control of the reflux quantities,
  • c) to document the beam parameters and / or
  • d) to determine deviations.

Dieser Rechner ist in Form einer Mehrrechnerkopplung mit einem anderen Rechnern verbunden, der insbesondere die Feststoffkonzentration errechnet. Das hat den Vorteil, daß zum einen eine sichere und zum anderen eine schnelle Ansteuerung der Strahlanlage gegeben ist. Möglich ist es natürlich auch, daß die erforderlichen Funktionen von weiteren Rechnern oder nur einem Rechner durchführbar sind.This computer is connected in the form of a multi-computer coupling to another computer, which in particular calculates the solids concentration. This has the advantage that, on the one hand, the blasting system is controlled safely and, on the other hand, quickly. It is of course also possible that the required functions can be carried out by further computers or only one computer.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer, geschnittener Darstellung:

  • Figur 1 eine Strahlmittelanlage und
  • Figur 2 eine Strahlmitteldosierschnecke.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. They show in a schematic, sectional representation:
  • Figure 1 shows an abrasive system and
  • Figure 2 shows an abrasive dosing screw.

Figur 1 zeigt wesentliche Teile einer Vorrichtung zum Verfestigen und/oder Umformen durch Strahlmittel. Sie zeigt den Auflauftrichter 1 und den Auslaufstutzen 1' eines oberhalb des Auflaufstutzen angeordneten Druckkessels 100, in dem sich Strahlmittel 11, z.b. Kugeln aus Stahl, Glas oder Kunststoff oder dergleichen Strahlmittel befinden. Der Druckkessel 100 kann über einen verschließbaren Verschluß geöffnet und geschlossen werden, wie dies aus dem eingangs genannten Stand der Technik bekannt ist. Wie aus dem Stand der Technik weiterhin bekannt, kann auch eine Druckausgleichleitung vorgesehen sein, die im folgenden noch beschrieben wird.Figure 1 shows essential parts of a device for Solidification and / or shaping by blasting media. It shows the hopper 1 and the outlet nozzle 1 'of a pressure vessel 100 arranged above the outlet nozzle, in which there are blasting media 11, for example balls made of steel, glass or plastic or similar blasting media. The pressure vessel 100 can be opened and closed via a lockable closure, as is known from the prior art mentioned at the beginning. As is also known from the prior art, a pressure compensation line can also be provided, which will be described below.

Bei geöffnetem Verschluß wird über einen nicht dargestellten Zulauf Strahlmittel in den Druckkessel 100 eingegeben. Nach dem Schließen des Kessels wird er mit Druckluft beaufschlagt. Dadurch wird gesichert, daß das Strahlmittel 11 immer gleichmäßig einer Strahlmittelzuführung 2 zufließt. Darüberhinaus ist eine Druckausgleichsleitung 30 vorhanden, die am Kessel beginnt und an einem Schneckenrohr 20 endet.When the closure is open, blasting agent is introduced into the pressure vessel 100 via an inlet (not shown). After closing the boiler, compressed air is applied to it. This ensures that the blasting medium 11 always flows uniformly to a blasting medium feed 2. In addition, there is a pressure compensation line 30 which begins at the boiler and ends at a screw tube 20.

Die Strahlmittelzuführung 2 besteht, wie Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen, aus einem Schneckenrohr 27 und einer darin rotierenden Strahlmitteldosierschnecke 20. Die Strahlmitteldosierschnecke 20 trägt auf einer Schneckenwelle 21 die Schneckenwendeln 25, 25'. Die Schneckenwendel 25, 25' sind dabei einstückig mit der Schneckenwelle 21 verbunden.As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the blasting agent feed 2 consists of a screw tube 27 and a blasting agent metering screw 20 rotating therein. The blasting agent metering screw 20 carries the screw spirals 25, 25 'on a screw shaft 21. The worm helix 25, 25 'are integrally connected to the worm shaft 21.

Die Strahlmitteldosierschnecke 20 zeichnet sich gegenüber anderen Förderschnecken dadurch aus, daß die Durchmesser der Schneckenwendeln am Ende relativ klein sind, verglichen mit den Durchmessern am Anfang der Schnecke. In der Zeichnung sind diese Durchmesser mit D2 bzw. D1 definiert. Die ersten Schneckenwellendurchmesser D1 haben im wesentlichen einen konstanten Durchmesser. Zwischen der Zweigang-Schneckenwendel 25, 25' befinden sich Schneckenwendelabstände 24.1, ... 24.n. Wie aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich, sind die ersten Schneckenwendelabstände 24.1 zunächst gleichmäßig breit. Sie verkleinern sich kontinuierlich etwa in der Mitte der Schneckenwendel und werden kann kontinuierlich immer kleiner. Hierdurch entstehen Schneckenwendelsektionen 26.1, ... 26.n mit unterschiedlichem Volumen, die durch die Zweigang-Schneckenwendel 25, 25', die Schneckenwelle 21 und das Gehäuse begrenzt werden.The blasting agent metering screw 20 is distinguished from other screw conveyors in that the diameters of the screw coils at the end are relatively small compared to the diameters at the beginning of the screw. In the drawing, these diameters are defined with D2 and D1. The first worm shaft diameters D1 are essentially constant Diameter. Between the two-speed helix 25, 25 'there are helix distances 24.1, ... 24.n. As can be seen from the drawing, the first screw spiral distances 24.1 are initially uniformly wide. They continuously decrease in size in the middle of the helix and can continuously get smaller. This creates screw spiral sections 26.1, ... 26.n with different volumes, which are limited by the two-speed screw spiral 25, 25 ', the screw shaft 21 and the housing.

Die Strahlmitteldosierschnecke 20 der Strahlmittelzuführung 2 wird über einen Gleichstromantrieb 7 angetrieben. Der Gleichstromantrieb 7 besteht aus einem Getriebe und einem Getriebemotor oder aus einem Gleichstrommotor mit Transistorregelung. Außerdem ist am Gleichstromantrieb 7 ein Vier-Quadranten-Drehzahlregler mit einer Tachorückführung angeordnet. Hierdurch ist gesichert, daß die Drehzahl der Strahlmitteldosierschnecke 20 stufenlos und bei eingestellter Umdrehungszahl mit einem nahezu hundertprozentigen Gleichlauf bewegbar ist.The blasting agent metering screw 20 of the blasting agent feed 2 is driven by a direct current drive 7. The DC drive 7 consists of a gear and a geared motor or a DC motor with transistor control. In addition, a four-quadrant speed controller with a tachometer feedback is arranged on the DC drive 7. This ensures that the speed of the abrasive dosing screw 20 can be moved continuously and with a set number of revolutions with almost 100% synchronism.

Entsprechend der Drehzahl der Strahlmitteldosierschnecke 20 und bedingt durch ihre besondere Ausgestaltung kann das Strahlmittel dosiert werden. Dabei gelangt das Strahlmittel 11 zunächst auf die hinteren Schneckenwendelsektionen (bei 26.1) und wird durch Rotation nach vorn befördert (nach links in Fig. 2). Beim Eintreffen am Ende 28 beginnt das Strahlmittel 11 in den letzten Sektionen 26 bereits in den Abgabebereich 14 und die Abgabeöffnung 14' auszutreten, um dann in der ersten Sektion 26.1 die Strahlmitteldosierschnecke 20 vollständig zu verlassen. Die konische Verjüngung der Schnecke am Ende 20 sorgt dabei für ein gleichmäßiges Auslaufen des Strahlmittels aus der Zweigang-Schneckenwendel 25, 25'.According to the speed of the blasting agent dosing screw 20 and due to its special design, the blasting agent can be dosed. The blasting agent 11 first reaches the rear screw spiral sections (at 26.1) and is conveyed forward by rotation (to the left in FIG. 2). When it arrives at the end 28, the blasting agent 11 in the last sections 26 already begins to exit into the delivery area 14 and the delivery opening 14 'in order to then completely leave the blasting agent metering screw 20 in the first section 26.1. The conical tapering of the screw at the end 20 ensures that the abrasive flows out evenly Two-speed helix 25, 25 '.

Durch die kontinuierliche Steigungsverjüngung in Richtung Abgabebereich 14 wird das Strahlmittel 11 komprimiert und die gleichmäßige Dosierung am Ende 20 noch begünstigt. Das nun vom Abgabebereich gleichmäßig und kontinuierlich abgegebene Strahlmittel 11 gelangt aus der Öffnung 14' in eine Vorlaufstrecke 3 eines Rohres 34. Der Vorlaufstrecke 3 schließt sich ein Durchflußmeßaufnehmer 4 an, der mit einer Auswerteeinheit 8 verbunden ist. Von der Vorlaufstrecke 3 fließt das Strahlmittel 11 im freien Fall zentriert in den Durchflußmeßaufnehmer 4. Der Durchflußmeßaufnehmer 4 verwendet für die Meßwertaufnahme einen Meßkondensator 40. Die absolute Kapazitätsänderung - hervorgerufen durch Feststoffpartikel des Strahlmittels 11 pro Raumeinheit im Meßkondensator 40 - im Vergleich zu vorher mit Hilfe der Auswerteeinheit 8 eingeeichten Leerrohrkapazität ist proportional zum Strahlmitteldurchsatz. Die Kapazitätsänderung wird dabei in ein störsicheres Puls-Frequenz-Modulation-Signal umgewandelt und dann der Auswerteeinheit 8 zugeführt.Due to the continuous tapering in the direction of the discharge area 14, the blasting agent 11 is compressed and the even metering at the end 20 is further promoted. The blasting agent 11, which is now evenly and continuously discharged from the delivery area, arrives from the opening 14 ′ into a lead section 3 of a tube 34. The lead section 3 is followed by a flow sensor 4, which is connected to an evaluation unit 8. In free fall, the blasting agent 11 flows from the leading section 3 centered into the flow sensor 4. The flow sensor 4 uses a measuring capacitor 40 for the measured value recording. The absolute change in capacitance - caused by solid particles of the blasting agent 11 per unit space in the measuring capacitor 40 - compared to previously with the help the evaluation unit 8 calibrated empty tube capacity is proportional to the abrasive throughput. The change in capacitance is converted into an interference-free pulse frequency modulation signal and then fed to the evaluation unit 8.

Die Auswerteeinheit 8 errechnet den Strahlmitteldurchsatz unter Berücksichtigung der Kalibrierfaktoren, stellt damit die Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit der Strahlmitteldosierschnecke 20 ein und zeigt wichtige Meßgrößen des Strahlmitteldurchsatzes an einem Display an. Aus dem Durchflußmeßaufnehmer 4 heraus fließt das Strahlgut 11 weiter im freien Fall durch eine Nachlaufstrecke 5 in eine Mischkammer 9 in einer Förderleitung 12. In der Mischkammer 9 wird das Strahlmittel 11 durch die seitlich einströmende Preßluft P mitgerissen und durch einen Strahlschlauch 6 zu einer Strahldüse (nicht dargestellt) transportiert (Pfeil L). Aus der Strahldüse heraus tritt dann das Strahlmittel 11 mit einem vorgegebenen Strahldruck auf ein zu verfestigendes Werkstück.The evaluation unit 8 calculates the abrasive throughput taking into account the calibration factors, thus sets the rotational speed of the abrasive dosing screw 20 and shows important measured quantities of the abrasive throughput on a display. From the flow sensor 4, the blasting material 11 continues to flow in free fall through a follow-up section 5 into a mixing chamber 9 in a delivery line 12. In the mixing chamber 9, the blasting medium 11 is entrained by the compressed air P flowing in from the side and through a blasting hose 6 to a blasting nozzle ( not shown) transported (arrow L). This then comes out of the jet nozzle Blasting agent 11 with a predetermined blasting pressure on a workpiece to be solidified.

Eventuelle Fördermengenschwankungen bzw. Fördermengenänderungen des Strahlmittels, z.B. bedingt durch einen Verschleiß an den Schneckenwendeln 25 und 25' oder durch andere Störfaktoren werden durch die Auswerteeinheit 8 wahrgenommen. Die Auswerteeinheit 8 errechnet mit ihrem Rechner, z. B. einem Mikrorechner, die Mengentoleranz und erhöht oder erniedrigt über eine Steuerleitung 10 die Geschwindigkeit der Strahlmitteldosierschnecke 20 entsprechend automatisch, so daß ständig immer gleichbleibend mit einer Abweichung von beispielsweise ± 2 % das Strahlmittel 11 gefördert wird.Any fluctuations in the delivery rate or changes in the delivery rate of the blasting medium, e.g. due to wear on the screw spirals 25 and 25 'or other interference factors are perceived by the evaluation unit 8. The evaluation unit 8 calculates with its computer, for. B. a microcomputer, the quantity tolerance and increases or decreases the speed of the abrasive dosing screw 20 accordingly automatically via a control line 10, so that the abrasive 11 is always conveyed constantly with a deviation of, for example, ± 2%.

Wird trotz dieser Nachregelung die Mengentoleranz des Strahlmittels 11 von ± 2 % überschritten, unterbricht die Strahlanlage durch die Auswerteeinheit 8 automatisch den Strahlvorgang.If, despite this readjustment, the quantity tolerance of the blasting medium 11 of ± 2% is exceeded, the blasting system is automatically interrupted by the evaluation unit 8.

So wird durch ein kombiniertes Strahlmitteldosier- und Kontrollsystem immer ein absolut gleichbleibender und kontrollierter Strahlmitteldurchsatz an der Strahldüse gewährleistet. Dadurch ist es möglich, die notwendigen Strahlparameterkombinationen

  • Strahlmittelart (Qualität, Körnung)
  • Strahlmittelgeschwindigkeit,
  • Strahlmittelmenge pro Fläche bzw. Zeiteinheit und
  • genaue örtliche und gleichmäßige Bestrahlung des Werkstückes (Bahnsteuerung)
einzustellen. Durch diese Veränderungen wird die üblicherweise mit Sandstrahlanlage bezeichnete Einrichtung zu einer Spezialwerkzeugmaschine, die durch ihre CNC-Steuerung den Charakter einer Spezialwerkzeugmaschine erhält. Mit ihr ist es jetzt möglich, insbesondere durch ein gezieltes Bestrahlen mit Strahlgut z. B. in Form von Strahlkugeln einer bestimmten Größe ein Werkstück in einem ausgewählten Bereich zu verfestigen oder aber umzuformen. Damit ist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in die Gruppe der präzise arbeitenden Maschinen mit einem speziellen Einsatzbereich einzuordnen.A combined blasting agent dosing and control system always guarantees an absolutely constant and controlled blasting agent throughput at the blasting nozzle. This makes it possible to combine the necessary beam parameters
  • Abrasive type (quality, grit)
  • Abrasive speed,
  • Amount of abrasive per surface or unit of time and
  • precise local and uniform irradiation of the workpiece (path control)
adjust. As a result of these changes, the device, which is usually referred to as a sandblasting system, becomes a special machine tool that is given the character of a special machine tool by its CNC control. With her it is now possible, in particular by targeted irradiation with blasting material z. B. solidify or reshape a workpiece in a selected area in the form of shot pellets of a certain size. The device according to the invention can thus be classified into the group of precisely working machines with a special area of application.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
DruckkesselPressure vessel
22nd
StrahlmittelzuführungAbrasive feed
33rd
VorlaufstreckeLead distance
44th
DurchflußmeßaufnehmerFlow sensors
55
NachlaufstreckeOverrun
66
StrahlschlauchBlasting hose
77
GleichstromantriebDC drive
88th
AuswerteeinheitEvaluation unit
99
MischkammerMixing chamber
1010th
SteuerleitungControl line
1111
StrahlmittelAbrasive
1212th
FörderleitungConveyor line
1313
AufnahmebereichRecording area
1414
AbgabebereichDelivery area
2020th
StrahlmitteldosierschneckeBlasting agent dosing screw
2121
SchneckenwelleWorm shaft
21.1, ... 21.n21.1, ... 21.n
SchneckenwendeldurchmesserHelix diameter
23.1, ... 23.n23.1, ... 23.n
SchneckenwendelsteigungHelix pitch
24.1, ... 24.n24.1, ... 24.n
SchneckenwendelabstandHelix distance
25, 25'25, 25 '
SchneckenwendelHelix
26.1, ... 26.n26.1, ... 26.n
SchneckenwendelsektionHelix section
2727
SchneckenrohrWorm tube
2828
EndeThe End
3030th
DruckausgleichsleitungPressure equalization line
3434
Rohrpipe
4040
MeßkondensatorMeasuring capacitor
100100
DruckkesselPressure vessel
PP
PreßluftCompressed air
LL
Pfeilarrow

Claims (5)

  1. A device for compacting and/or shaping by means of a blast medium (11) supplied through a feed line (12) by compressed air to a blast jet, the device comprising the following additional parts:
    - a closed chamber (1) containing a store of blast medium (11),
    - a blast medium supply (2) driven by a controllable drive (7) and comprising a screw conveyor (20) in a tube (27) provided at its beginning with a receiving zone (13) positioned under the chamber (1) and provided at its end with a delivery zone (14), the delivery zone (14) being connected to the feed line (12) by a down tube,
    - a flow-rate recorder (4) for the flow of blast medium, which is disposed on the tube (34) between the feed line (12) and the delivery zone (14) of the screw conveyor (20) and generates measuring signals, and
    - an evaluating unit (8) connected to the flow recorder (4) and processing the measuring signals so that, out of the received measuring signals, the content of blast medium inside the tube (34) is calculated, allowing for calibration factors and, in dependence on the calculated values, compared with a preset value, the speed of the screw conveyor (29) is adjusted so as to ensure a uniform, controlled flow of blast medium (11) to the feed tube (12),
    characterised in that the screw conveyor (20) is a blast medium metering screw (20) with double-threaded screw turns (25, 25') having a pitch (23.1, ... 23.n) which continuously decreases towards the delivery zone (14), with a decrease in the sections (26.1, ... 26.n) between turns, and at the end (28) the turns taper in the delivery zone (14).
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the controllable drive, more particularly a DC drive (7), connected to the metering screw (20) and the evaluating unit (8) contains a four-quadrant speed regulator with a tacho feedback.
  3. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the flow recorder (4) contains a measuring capacitor (40), the capacitance-change signals from which can be processed by the evaluating unit (8).
  4. A device according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the tube (34) has an upstream and a downstream section before and after the measuring position of the flow recorder (4).
  5. A device according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that
    - at least one computer, preferably a micro-computer, is disposed in the evaluator unit (8) and
    - one of the computers is connected via an interface to means for
    (a) external set-value/actual-value comparison,
    (b) remote monitoring of the amount of return flow,
    (c) documentation of the blast parameters and/or
    (d) detection of deviations.
EP19930110504 1992-07-04 1993-07-01 Apparatus for compacting and/or forming with abrasives Expired - Lifetime EP0578132B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19924222073 DE4222073C1 (en) 1992-07-04 1992-07-04 Device for blasting workpiece surfaces, in particular for strengthening or forming
DE4222073 1992-07-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0578132A1 EP0578132A1 (en) 1994-01-12
EP0578132B1 true EP0578132B1 (en) 1996-05-29

Family

ID=6462533

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930110504 Expired - Lifetime EP0578132B1 (en) 1992-07-04 1993-07-01 Apparatus for compacting and/or forming with abrasives

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0578132B1 (en)
DE (1) DE4222073C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2089643T3 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6000995A (en) * 1995-11-06 1999-12-14 Heinrich Schlick Unit for the dosage of grained, pourable materials, in particular blasting abrasives
CN101229629B (en) * 2008-02-22 2010-06-02 刘永钦 Method and equipment of sand handling used on water jet

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4422769C2 (en) * 1994-06-29 2001-02-01 Heinrich Georg Ridder High pressure water cutting device
DE19544906A1 (en) * 1995-10-30 1997-05-07 Birgit Papcke Method for treating, especially cleaning, surfaces with solid carbon dioxide granules
CN102728655A (en) * 2012-06-02 2012-10-17 马鞍山市凯敏钢缆有限责任公司 Descaling device for pickling-free drawing of middle and high carbon wire rods

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7028407U (en) * 1970-07-29 1972-02-03 Badische Maschf Gmbh BLASTING MACHINE.
GB8324553D0 (en) * 1983-09-14 1983-10-19 Btr Plc Monitoring flow of particulate material in impact treatment equipment
EP0218869A1 (en) * 1985-09-20 1987-04-22 SCHLICK-Roto-Jet Maschinenbau GmbH Device for uniformly dosing granular abrasive material in pneumatically working blasting devices
US4693102A (en) * 1985-11-05 1987-09-15 Metal Improvement Co., Inc. Shot-peening method
US4669230A (en) * 1986-01-03 1987-06-02 Fuji Seiki Machine Works, Ltd. Wet blasting machine with automatic control system for slurry concentration
US4947592A (en) * 1988-08-01 1990-08-14 Cold Jet, Inc. Particle blast cleaning apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6000995A (en) * 1995-11-06 1999-12-14 Heinrich Schlick Unit for the dosage of grained, pourable materials, in particular blasting abrasives
CN101229629B (en) * 2008-02-22 2010-06-02 刘永钦 Method and equipment of sand handling used on water jet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2089643T3 (en) 1996-10-01
DE4222073C1 (en) 1993-12-23
EP0578132A1 (en) 1994-01-12

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