Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds

Definitions

• starter pigs earl weaned pigs
• HNDD high nutrient-densit diet
• the L-carnitine actually partitions the nutrients so as to favor lean accretion, despite the already lean state of the animal, while at the same time allowing sufficient fat to form as is necessary for normal growth.
• the feed regimen be commenced at a time when the endogenous carnitine synthesis is very low, i.e., preferably in the period when the pig is less than about 24 days of age and when the pig is growing at or near its true genetic potential.
• the response to the carnitine-supplemented HNDD will, of course, be more pronounced for genotypes having high lean growth capacities.
• starter pigs from birth up to 24 days of age having an initial weight of from 3 to 16 pounds are fed the diet of the invention in at least two, preferably in three, phases.
• the Phase 1 diet is for a period of from one to three weeks, preferably two weeks or until the body weight is about 15 pounds, and contains from about 5 to 5000 ppm of L-carnitine, preferably about 500 to 2000 ppm, optimally about 1000 ppm.
• Phase 2 commenced when the pig is about 35 days old, the diet is administered from two to four weeks after Phase 1, preferably for three additional weeks.
• the L-car- nitine is optimally reduced to 500 ppm, but amounts between 25 and 1000 ppm are also effective.
• L-carnitine as feed supplement may be advantageous in both the grower stag (i.e., up to a weight of 160 pounds; approximately 130 days o age) and the finishing stage.
• the amount of carnitine would be gradually reduce from 500 to 5 ppm.
• the maximum during finishing is 50 ppm desirably from 5 to 50 ppm.
• the optimum amount of carnitine decreases.
• Phase 2 1.25% lysine, whey. Fed to pigs from 15 to corn-soybean diet 25 lb.
• Phase 3 1.10% lysine, grain- Fed to pigs until body soybean diet weight is approx. 50 lb.
• HNDD high nutrient-density diet
• HNDD HNDD
• Table Char cte istics of a ree-Phase a t r Pro ram
• the Phase 1 diets (which ar supplemented with carnitine in accordance with the practice o the instant invention) contain at least 15%, preferably from 1 to 30%, protein; from 30 to 45% dried milk products such a light edible whey, dried skim milk, and casein; and from 5 t 15% added fat.
• the protein is decreased to less than 25%, preferably from 15 to 25%; the dried milk products to less than 25%, preferably from 10 to 25%; and the added fat to from about 1 to 5%.
• Phase 3 the diet maintains about the same per ⁇ centage of protein as in Phase 2, the dried milk products are reduced to less than 10%, and the added fat substantially eliminated.
• milk products is used in the above description, it should be understood that this term is intended to include nutritional products which are derived from other sources and have compositions substantially similar to those derived from milk.
• soy protein concentrates made by extracting soy flour with ethanol to reduce the carbohydrate content
• soy isolates which further concentrate the protein by acid extracting soy flour with acid
• plasma protein which is obtained by the spray drying of porcine or bovine plasma.
• the essential factor is to obtain a protein source that has a solids content similar to that in the mother's milk, i.e., that is highly digestible protein, very low in carbohydrates with little antigenicity.
• the diet is fed on an ad libitum basis in the form of pellets or ground to form a meal, depending on the age of the pig.
• the appropriate form of the feed is well known to those skilled in the art, as are the feeding regimens, that is, the frequency and amount of diet fed to the animals. Those skilled in the art may readily determine the amount o total feed at the various stages of pig development.
• the intake of the diet of the invention should average greater than 345 grams per day for the first two weeks, and average greater than 725 grams per day for the following three weeks. An average over 600 grams per day over the five weeks is also effective.
• Example One hundred eighty weanling pigs (22 ⁇ 2 days of age, initial weight 6 kg) were used to show the effect of feeding nursery pigs L-carnitine on pig performance and carcass composition.
• the experimental design consisted of a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement with 0 or 1000 ppm L-carnitine fed in Phase 1 (0 to 2 weeks) combined with 0, 250 or 500 ppm L- carnitine in Phase 2 (3 to 5 weeks).
• Phase 1 diets contained 20% dried skim milk, 20% dried whey, 5% soybean oil and were formulated to contain 1.45% lysine.
• Phase 2 diets contained 10% dried whey, 5% soybean oil and were formulated to contain 1.25% lysine.
• Carcass dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were not influenced (P>.15) by dietary L- carnitine on day 14 or 25. Percent carcass lipid was not affected by dietary treatment on day 14; however, pigs fed 1000 ppm L-carnitine in Phase 1 had less (P ⁇ .05) daily fat accretion (DFA) on day 35 regardless of whether they were fed carnitine in Phase 2 or not. Based on the results of this experiment, L- carnitine addition reduces carcass fat when fed in Phase 1 and improves F/G when fed in Phase 2.
• DFA daily fat accretion

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

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• 1992
  • 1992-01-29 CA CA002106274A patent/CA2106274C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-01-29 WO PCT/US1992/000772 patent/WO1992016218A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1992-01-29 EP EP92909864A patent/EP0576596A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1992-01-29 AU AU18882/92A patent/AU1888292A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-01-29 JP JP4509924A patent/JP2667055B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime

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