EP0576071B1

EP0576071B1 - High pressure mercury discharge lamp

Info

Publication number: EP0576071B1
Application number: EP93201725A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hanns Ernst Fischer
Original assignee: Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV; Philips Electronics NV
Current assignee: Koninklijke Philips NV
Priority date: 1992-06-23
Filing date: 1993-06-16
Publication date: 1996-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 2013-06-16
Also published as: EP0576071A1

Description

The invention relates to a high pressure mercury discharge lamp comprising

a quartz glass lamp vessel having a region surrounding a discharge space;
spaced-apart tungsten electrodes defining a discharge path, disposed in the lamp vessel, and connected to current conductors which extend from the lamp vessel to the exterior;
a filling of at least 0.2 mg Hg/mm³, 10^-6 - 10^-4 µmol Hal/mm³, wherein Hal is selected from Cl, Br and I, and rare gas in the discharge space.

Such a lamp is known from EP 0 338 637-A2.
The known lamp has the advantage that, owing to its high operating pressure of at least 200 bar, its radiation contains a substantial amount of continuous radiation in the visible portion of the spectrum. The lamp has a long life, a high lumen maintenance and a small variation of its colour point during its life.
The lamp known from said EP Application has a elongate, narrow, cylindrical or elliptical lamp vessel and consumes a low power of no more than 50 W. For many purposes, such as e.g. image projection, the luminous flux of the known lamp is too small. The lamp is, however, already highly loaded by more than 1 W/mm².
Investigations revealed that in order to obtain the high operating pressure, it is necessary to achieve a temperature of at least about 1160 K at any spot inside the lamp vessel. On the other hand, however, no spot of the wall of the discharge space is allowed to have a temperature of more than about 1390 K. Higher temperatures would induce crystallisation of the quartz glass, which would bring about the destruction of the lamp vessel. The range of temperatures between the minimum temperature required and the maximum temperature permitted is very narrow.
Said narrow range prevents the known lamp from being more highly loaded in order to consume a higher power. Also, it appears to be impossible to obtain a higher power consumption, while maintaining a long useful life, by enlarging the dimensions of the lamp vessel by normal up-scaling methods. In doing so, convection currents inside the discharge space would increase. This would have the effect that wall portions above the discharge would get an increased thermal load, whereas portions below the discharge would be loaded at too low a level.
Nevertheless, there is a strongly felt need for a lamp of very high luminosity, comparatively stable, comparatively high luminous efficacy, comparatively stable colour point and long life, and a higher luminous flux than the lamp of the opening paragraph, e.g. for LCD projection TV.
Metal halide lamps, for instance, fail in this respect, while the relatively large amounts of halogen present as halides cause corrosion of the electrodes. This results in colour shifts, power changes, wall blackening and a reduced light output.
It is an object of the invention to provide an electric lamp of very high luminosity, comparatively stable, comparatively high luminous efficacy, comparatively stable colour point and long life, and a comparatively high luminous flux.
According to the invention, this object is achieved with a high pressure mercury discharge lamp of the kind described in the opening paragraph, which is characterized by the whole of the following features taken in their combination:

the discharge space is spheroidal in shape, having a dimension S in the direction of the discharge path which is
- S (mm) = e * D_i, wherein
- e is in the range of 1.0 - 1.8,
- D_i (mm) = f * [3.2 (mm) + 0.011(mm/W) * P(W)], wherein
- D_i is the largest diameter transverse to the discharge path,
- f has a value in the range of 0.9 - 1.1,
- P is the power consumed at nominal operation, which is in the range of 70 - 150 W,
the lamp vessel has in the region surrounding the discharge space a convex outer surface, which in a plane in which D_i is situated has a diameter D_o which is D_o (mm) ≥ 3.2 (mm) + 0.055(mm/W) * P(W),
the length of the discharge path D_p is in the range of 1.0 - 2.0 mm and bromine is the selected halogen.

Quite surprisingly the lamp of the invention as defined by the wording of the claim taken as a whole of mutually dependent features fulfils the object of the invention. For instance, when the size S of the discharge space is outside the rage specified, portions of the wall of the discharge space become too cold to obtain the operating pressure required. The discharge space is either purely spherical or rather bulkily ellipsoidal. This is in contrast to the lamp of the EP Application cited. Said application mentions a elongate cylindrical envelope of a 30 W low power lamp, having a length/diameter ratio of 2.7. The known 40 W lamp has a length/diameter ratio of 2.0, but the known lamp of highest power, 50 W, is more elongate and has a length/diameter ratio of as much as 2.8.
When D_i is below than the rage specified, the lamp becomes overheated and suffers from a premature failure. When D_i is above the range specified, the lamp has cold spots and does not attain the pressure required. Favourably, f has a value in the range of 0.92 - 1.08, more particularly in the rage of 0.95 - 1.05.
When D_o is smaller than specified portions of the wall of the discharge space present above the discharge have too high a temperature and the lamp suffers a premature failure. There is no critical upper limit to D_o. Considerations such as the avoidance of unnecessary expense for quartz glass and the cost of manufacturing steps play a part in choosing a actual size, e.g. up to 2 mm larger than the minimum size.
The discharge path has the length specified to avoid overheating at lower values than defined and cold spots at higher values. Quite generally, lower values in the rage will be used with lower power consumptions in the range and vice versa.
Bromine in a amount within the rage specified is essential, because in such a broad range, which provides for the essential toleraces in manufacturing processes on a technical scale, bromine is able to prevent the lamp vessel from becoming blackened and to avoid the electrodes from becoming attached. Below the range blackening by evaporated tungsten occurs and attack of the electrodes occurs above the rage specified. If iodine were used as the halogen such a high amount would be necessary to prevent blackening that deformation of the tip of the electrodes is likely. If chlorine were used, such a small amount could be used only, in order to prevent attack of colder electrode portions, that the risk exists of impurities present in the lamp binding the chlorine and excluding any tungsten / chlorine cycle which should keep the wall clean. Limits are set as to the power consumed, because at lower powers the usefulness of the lamp is impaired, whereas at higher powers the conditions of the minimum and the maximum permissible temperatures cannot be fulfilled simultaneously.
The lamp of the invention has a comparatively high yield of 60 lm/W. Because of its relatively high power and the small dimensions of its arc, the discharge path is at most 2 mm long, the lamp has a very high luminosity. The lamp, therefore, is well suited to be used in optical systems. The coordinates of the colour point of the light generated shift only slightly, e.g. Δx and Δy < 0.005 after 5000 hrs.
The lamp of the invention is very well suited to be used for projection purposes, e.g. for the projection of images created by a liquid crystal display panel, e.g. a panel creating moving pictures. Other uses are e.g. search lights, beacons, fibre optical applications, e.g. as the central light source, and endoscopy.
The usefulness of a high pressure mercury lamp of the invention appears from the following Table 1, in which the properties of the various lamps used in LCD projection TV sets are compared. Table 1

lamp type power (W) luminous flux on screen (lm) maintenance (%) after 4000 hrs

tin halide 200 > 120 60

rare earth metal hal. 200 > 120 0

Hg 100 > 120 > 80
It appears from the Table that the tin halide lamp, the rare earth halide lamp and a embodiment of the high pressure mercury discharge lamp of the invention (Hg) give the same amount of light on a LCD projection TV screen, although the Hg lamp of the invention consumes only half the power of the other lamps. The maintenance of the luminous flux on the screen alter 4000 hrs of operation is greatest in the case of the Hg lamp. The rare earth lamp failed at a earlier stage.
In an embodiment, the lamp of the invention is secured to a lamp cap, the current conductors being connected to contacts of the cap. In a favourable embodiment, the lamp cap has protrusions facing the discharge space which are tangent to an imaginary sphere having its centre of curvature in the discharge path, as is disclosed in EP-A-0 500 169. The lamp of this embodiment is well suited to be used in an optical system having a ring shaped spherical surface for receiving said protrusions in an abutting manner in order to arrange the discharge path in the optical system in a predetermined position, without the need to align the lamp with respect to the system.
Embodiments of the high pressure discharge lamp of the invention are shown in the drawing, in which

Fig. 1 is an elevation of a lamp;
Fig. 2 is an elevation of a capped lamp.

The high pressure mercury discharge lamp of Fig. 1 comprises a quartz glass lamp vessel 1 having a region 2 surrounding a discharge space 3.
Spaced-apart tungsten electrodes 4 defining a discharge path 5 are disposed in the lamp vessel and are connected to current conductors 6 which extend from the lamp vessel to the exterior. The lamp vessel has a filling of at least 0.2 mg Hg/mm³, 10^-6 - 10⁴ µmol Hal/mm³, wherein Hal is selected from Cl, Br and I, and rare gas in the discharge space.
The discharge space 3 is spheroidal in shape and has a dimension S in the direction of the discharge path 5 which is

S (mm) = e * D_i, wherein
e is in the range of 1.0 - 1.8,
D_i (mm) = f * [3.2 (mm) + 0.011(mm/W)*P(W)], wherein
D_i is the largest diameter transverse to the discharge path 5,
f has a value in the range of 0.9 - 1.1,
P is the power consumed at nominal operation, which is in the range of 70 - 150 W. The lamp vessel 1 has in the region 2 surrounding the discharge space 3 a convex outer surface 7, which in a plane in which D_i is situated has a diameter D_o which is D_o (mm) ≥ 3.2 (mm) + 0.055(mm/W) * P(W).

The length of the discharge path D_p is in the range of 1.0 - 2.0 mm and bromine is the selected halogen. Parameters of the lamp shown are represented in the column Ex. 1 of Table 2.
It is suitable for the outer surface of the lamp of the invention to be substantially spherical in shape in the region surrounding the discharge space, as is shown in the drawing.

In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the lamp of Fig. 1 is mounted in a lamp cap 10 having contacts 11 to which respective current conductors 6 are connected. The lamp cap has protrusions 12 facing the discharge space 3 which are tangent to an imaginary sphere having its centre of curvature 20 in the discharge path 5. The lamp of this embodiment is well suited to be used in an optical system having a ring shaped spherical surface for receiving said protrusions in a abutting manner in order to arrange the discharge path in the optical system in a predetermined position, without the need to align the lamp with respect to the system.

Table 2

		Ex. 1	Ex. 2	Ex. 3	Ex. 4
P (W)		100	130	70	150
S (mm)		6.0	6.8	5.5	7.5
e		1.4	1.5	1.38	1.56
D_i (mm)		4.3	4.5	4.0	4.8
f		1.0	0.97	1.01	0.99
D_o (mm)		9.0	10.5	7.5	12.0
D_p (mm)		1.4	1.8	1.2	2.0
filling:	Hg (mg/mm³)	0.207	0.208	0.217	0.205
	Br(µmol/mm³)	10^-5	10^-5	10^-5	10^-5
	Ar (mbar)	100	100	100	100

Examples of the high pressure mercury discharge lamp of the invention are represented in the foregoing Table 2.
Amongst others a large number of lamps of the kind defined and identified in Table 2 as Ex. 1 were manufactured. These lamps were compared with lamps not according to the invention. The latter lamps had D_i values of ≤ 3.8 mm and ≥ 4.8 mm respectively, but were for the rest identical to the lamp of Ex. 1. The species having said lower value of ≤ 3.8 mm exhibited considerable crystallization of the lamp vessel already alter 100 hours of operation. Several of them exploded spontaneously before 1000 hours of operation were attained. Also the species having said higher D_i values of ≥ 4,8 mm showed crystallization. Moreover, some of them exhibited strong deformations of the lamp vessel due to overheating. Only 3 out of 20 reached a life > 2000 hours. No failures occurred, however, in a series of 40 lamps according to the invention, which either were of the kind identified as Ex. 1, or had another value of D_i within the rage specified and for the rest were identical to the lamp of Ex. 1. The lumen maintenance of these lamps alter 2000 hours of switched operation was better than 90 %.

Claims

A high pressure mercury discharge lamp comprising
a quartz glass lamp vessel (1) having a region (2) surrounding a discharge space (3);

spaced-apart tungsten electrodes (4) defining a discharge path (5), disposed in the lamp vessel, and connected to current conductors (6) which extend from the lamp vessel to the exterior;

a filling of at least 0.2 mg Hg/mm³, 10^-6 - 10^-4 µmol Hal/mm³, wherein Hal is selected from Cl, Br and I, and rare gas in the discharge space,
characterized in that
the discharge space (3) is spheroidal in shape, having a dimension S in the direction of the discharge path (5) which is
S (mm) = e * D_i, wherein

e is in the range of 1.0 - 1.8,

D_i (mm) = f * [3.2 (mm) + 0.011(mm/W) * P(W)], wherein

D_i is the largest diameter transverse to the discharge path (5),

f has a value in the range of 0.9 - 1.1,

P is the power consumed at nominal operation, which is in the range of 70 - 150 W,

the lamp vessel (1) has in the region (2) surrounding the discharge space (3) a convex outer surface (7), which in a plane in which D_i is situated has a diameter D_o which is D_o (mm) ≥ 3.2 (mm) + 0.055(mm/W)*P(W),

the length of the discharge path D_p is in the range of 1.0 - 2.0 mm and

bromine is the selected halogen.
A high pressure mercury discharge lamp as claimed in Claim 1,
characterized in that the lamp is secured to a lamp cap (20), the current conductors (6) being secured to respective contacts (11) thereof.
A high pressure mercury discharge lamp as claimed in Claim 2,
characterized in that the lamp cap (10) has protrusions (12) facing the discharge space (3) which are tangent to an imaginary sphere having its centre of curvature (20) in the discharge path (5).