EP0575076B1 - Waterstop connectors - Google Patents
Waterstop connectors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0575076B1 EP0575076B1 EP19930304336 EP93304336A EP0575076B1 EP 0575076 B1 EP0575076 B1 EP 0575076B1 EP 19930304336 EP19930304336 EP 19930304336 EP 93304336 A EP93304336 A EP 93304336A EP 0575076 B1 EP0575076 B1 EP 0575076B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water swellable
- jaws
- connector according
- waterstop
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
- E04B1/6807—Expansion elements for parts cast in situ
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
- E04B2001/6818—Joints with swellable parts
Definitions
- This invention relates to a water swellable waterstop connector for joining to a non-water swellable waterstop of rubber or polyvinyl chloride.
- Waterstops are used at joints in concrete structures to prevent the passage of water. Early waterstops were made from steel or copper strip, the latter often crimped to give greater flexibility. Composites of rubber with mild steel plates projecting from the rubber were also used. More recently strips of flexible water proof material, having two or more keying ribs extending along and projecting from the strip for keying the strip to the concrete at the two sides of the joint to be sealed have been used. Such waterstops are commonly made of a rubber or plastics material and the most widely used material is at present plasticised polyvinyl chloride. Even more recently waterstops of a hydrophilic or water swellable material have come into commercial use.
- waterstops rely on the swelling capacity of the material on contact with water to prevent the passage of water at joints or discontinuities in a concrete structure.
- Materials which are used for water swellable waterstops include water swellable polyurethane elastomers, a combination of butyl rubber and sodium bentonite and rubber containing particles of a water swellable resin. From for instance DE-U-9202319.3 waterstops of water swellable material are known with sheets of steel projecting from the water swellable material. The sheets of steel are embedded in the concrete, and are preferably provided with a surface layer of aluminium or an aluminium alloy.
- Water swellable or hydrophilic waterstops are unsuitable for use in expansion joints in concrete wall or floor structures because the rate and magnitude of movement of the structures exceed the performance of the water swellable or hydrophilic material.
- waterstops of non-water swellable material such as plasticised polyvinyl chloride or rubber at expansion joints and it is therefore necessary to provide some means of joining the two types of waterstop together to form a watertight joint.
- Waterstops of non-water swellable material such as plasticised polyvinyl chloride or rubber are of two types, one usually called an internal waterstop or centrally placed waterstop having ribs or projections on two opposite faces of the strip and the other usually called an external waterstop or a rear fixed waterstop having ribs or projections on one face only.
- the present invention relates to connectors for both internal or centrally placed waterstops and external or rear fixed waterstops.
- a water swellable waterstop connector for joining to a non-water swellable waters top of rubber or polyvinyl chloride
- which connector comprises a strip of flexible water swellable material having an open end comprising a pair of jaws interconnected by a throat, each of the jaws having a contact surface having a profile such that the jaws may be located around and contact a rib on a non-water swellable waterstop of rubber or polyvinyl chloride.
- the contact surface of the jaws comprises two interconnecting sections, the first section adjacent the open end of the strip having a flat or preferably a substantially convex surface and the second section comprising a notch, and the throat is recessed to maximise the opening capacity of the jaws.
- the jaws of such a connector are suitable for contacting a rib on one face of an external or rear fixed waterstop of non-water swellable material.
- the contact surface of the jaws comprises four interconnecting sections, the first section adjacent the open end of the strip having a flat or preferably substantially convex surface, the second section comprising a notch, the third section having a flat surface and the fourth section having a substantially concave surface.
- the connector of the preferred embodiment is suitable for making connections to both external or rear fixed waterstops and internal or centrally placed waterstops.
- Water stops usually have flanges at each end to prevent tearing through when the waterstop is fixed to concrete by nails hammered through the waterstop just inside the flanges. All of the contact surfaces of the jaws can be utilised to locate the jaws around and contact an end flange and two opposite ribs of a centrally placed waterstop, while the first and second sections can be utilised to locate the jaws around and contact a rib of a rear fixed waterstop.
- Non-water swellable waterstops of rubber or polyvinyl chloride commonly have bulb shaped ribs, and the preferred embodiment of the invention is particularly adapted to location on and connection to such ribs.
- the two surfaces may be parallel with each other or alternatively they may be such that the gap between them flares out towards the open end of the strip.
- the notched surface of the second section may be a V-shaped notch or a substantially U-shaped notch.
- the flat contact surfaces of the third sections of the jaws are preferably parallel with each other.
- the surface of the throat is preferably arcuate and the surfaces of the fourth sections interconnect with the throat to form a substantially circular surface.
- the water swellable material which is used to make the waterstop connector may be for example a rubber or flexible plastics material containing dispersed particles of a water swellable resin but the preferred material is a polyurethane elastomer which is produced preferably from an aliphatic or alicyclic polyisocyanate as an isocyanate component and which is rendered water-swellable due to the presence of hydrophilic groups within its chemical structure.
- a polyurethane elastomers show a stable swelling ratio in water containing metallic ions and the ratio does not decrease in a long period of time, so that they show an excellent water stop effect.
- Such polyurethane elastomers are sold under the trade mark AQUAPRENE by Sanyo Chemical Industries, and are produced having a range of degrees of swelling and rate of swelling when in contact with water.
- Such polyurethane elastomers one which has a swelling ratio of 1.2 - 2.5 times, is preferable.
- the strip of flexible water swellable material may have embedded in it spring steel wire in order to improve the performance of the connector by enhancing the ability of the connector to make contact with the ribs of the non water-swellable waterstop.
- the same effect may be achieved by forming the strip as a laminate of two water swellable materials, one being harder than the other.
- the other end of the connector can be linked to a waterstop of water swellable by means of an adhesive bonding agent and the connector can be fixed to the concrete by nailing or by means of an adhesive bonding agent.
- the jaws of the connector come into contact with water in use the connector material swells and a water impermeable seal is formed around the rib.
- a waterstop connector consists of a strip 1 of flexible water swellable polyurethane elastomer having an open end 2 comprising a pair of jaws 3, 4, interconnected by a throat 5, each of the jaws 3, 4 having a contact surface 6.
- the contact surface 6 is made up of four sections, the first section adjacent the open end 2 having a convex surface 7, the second section having a U-shaped notch 8, the third section having a flat surface 9 and the fourth section having a concave surface 10.
- a concrete wall 11 has an expansion joint 12 filled with closed cell joint filler sealed with an elastomeric sealant.
- Two sections of water swellable polyurethane elastomer waterstop 13, 14 are located on the upper surface of the wall 11, one on each side of the joint 12 and are fixed into position by adhesively bonding or nailing.
- a plasticised polyvinyl chloride waterstop 15 having four bulb shaped ribs 16, a central flat top box 17 to allow movement to be accommodated in the joint and to provide a seating to support the joint filler and end flanges 18 is located vertically at the rear of the wall 11.
- Two waterstop connectors 19, 20 of the type illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 are located on the wall 11 so that the contact surfaces of the jaws 3,4 of each of the strips 1 are located around and contact a bulb shaped rib 16 on the polyvinyl chloride waterstop 15 and the closed ends 21, 22 of the connectors 19, 20 abut waterstop sections 13, 14.
- the connectors 18, 19 are fixed in position, on the wall 11 by adhesive bonding.
- a plasticised polyvinyl chloride waterstop 23 is centrally placed across an expansion joint 24 filled with closed cell joint filler sealed with an elastomeric sealant in a concrete wall 25.
- the waterstop 23 has a central bulb 26 of hexagonal design, end flanges 27 and four ribs 28 on each face 29 of the waterstop 23.
- Two waterstop connectors 30, 31 of the type illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 are placed on the wall 25 so that the contact surfaces of the jaws 3, 4 are located around and contact end flange 27 and ribs 28.
- the closed ends 32, 33 of the connectors 30, 31 abut waterstop sections 34, 35 of water swellable polyurethane elastomer located on the wall 25 in line with waterstop 23.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Description
This invention relates to a water swellable waterstop
connector for joining to a non-water swellable waterstop
of rubber or polyvinyl chloride.
Waterstops are used at joints in concrete structures to
prevent the passage of water. Early waterstops were made
from steel or copper strip, the latter often crimped to
give greater flexibility. Composites of rubber with mild
steel plates projecting from the rubber were also used.
More recently strips of flexible water proof material,
having two or more keying ribs extending along and
projecting from the strip for keying the strip to the
concrete at the two sides of the joint to be sealed have
been used. Such waterstops are commonly made of a rubber
or plastics material and the most widely used material is
at present plasticised polyvinyl chloride. Even more
recently waterstops of a hydrophilic or water swellable
material have come into commercial use. These waterstops
rely on the swelling capacity of the material on contact
with water to prevent the passage of water at joints or
discontinuities in a concrete structure. Materials which
are used for water swellable waterstops include water
swellable polyurethane elastomers, a combination of
butyl rubber and sodium bentonite and rubber containing
particles of a water swellable resin. From for instance
DE-U-9202319.3 waterstops of water swellable material are
known with sheets of steel projecting from the water
swellable material. The sheets of steel are embedded in
the concrete, and are preferably provided with a surface
layer of aluminium or an aluminium alloy.
From DE-A-1953326 a sealing arrangement is known for
expansion joints in concrete structures and provides an
article which has a middle part which seals the expansion
gap and two lateral parts which are cemented in place.
No water swellable materials are mentioned in this
document.
Water swellable or hydrophilic waterstops are unsuitable
for use in expansion joints in concrete wall or floor
structures because the rate and magnitude of movement of
the structures exceed the performance of the water
swellable or hydrophilic material. When such materials
are used it is necessary to use waterstops of non-water
swellable material such as plasticised polyvinyl chloride
or rubber at expansion joints and it is therefore
necessary to provide some means of joining the two types
of waterstop together to form a watertight joint.
Waterstops of non-water swellable material such as
plasticised polyvinyl chloride or rubber are of two
types, one usually called an internal waterstop or
centrally placed waterstop having ribs or projections on
two opposite faces of the strip and the other usually
called an external waterstop or a rear fixed waterstop
having ribs or projections on one face only.
The present invention relates to connectors for both
internal or centrally placed waterstops and external or
rear fixed waterstops.
According to the invention there is provided a water
swellable waterstop connector for joining to a non-water
swellable waters top of rubber or polyvinyl chloride which
connector comprises a strip of flexible water
swellable material having an open end comprising a
pair of jaws interconnected by a throat, each
of the jaws having a contact surface having a
profile such that the jaws may be located around
and contact a rib on a non-water swellable waterstop of
rubber or polyvinyl chloride.
In one embodiment of the invention the contact surface of
the jaws comprises two interconnecting sections, the
first section adjacent the open end of the strip having a
flat or preferably a substantially
convex surface and the second section comprising a
notch, and the throat is recessed to maximise the
opening capacity of the jaws.
The jaws of such a connector are suitable for
contacting a rib on one face of an external or rear
fixed waterstop of non-water swellable material.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the
contact surface of the jaws comprises four
interconnecting sections, the first section adjacent
the open end of the strip having a flat or preferably
substantially convex surface, the second section
comprising a notch, the third section having a flat
surface and the fourth section having a substantially
concave surface.
The connector of the preferred embodiment is
suitable for making connections to both external or
rear fixed waterstops and internal or centrally placed
waterstops. Water stops usually have flanges at each
end to prevent tearing through when the waterstop is
fixed to concrete by nails hammered through the
waterstop just inside the flanges. All of the contact
surfaces of the jaws can be utilised to locate the jaws
around and contact an end flange and two opposite ribs
of a centrally placed waterstop, while the first and
second sections can be utilised to locate the jaws
around and contact a rib of a rear fixed waterstop.
Non-water swellable waterstops of rubber or
polyvinyl chloride commonly have bulb shaped ribs, and
the preferred embodiment of the invention is
particularly adapted to location on and connection to
such ribs.
When the surface of the first section of the
contact surface of the jaws is flat the two surfaces
may be parallel with each other or alternatively they
may be such that the gap between them flares out
towards the open end of the strip.
The notched surface of the second section may
be a V-shaped notch or a substantially U-shaped notch.
The flat contact surfaces of the third
sections of the jaws are preferably parallel with each
other.
The surface of the throat is preferably
arcuate and the surfaces of the fourth sections
interconnect with the throat to form a substantially
circular surface.
The water swellable material which is used to
make the waterstop connector may be for example a
rubber or flexible plastics material containing
dispersed particles of a water swellable resin but the
preferred material is a polyurethane elastomer which is
produced preferably from an aliphatic or alicyclic
polyisocyanate as an isocyanate component and which is
rendered water-swellable due to the presence of
hydrophilic groups within its chemical structure. Such
polyurethane elastomers show a stable swelling ratio in
water containing metallic ions and the ratio does not
decrease in a long period of time, so that they show an
excellent water stop effect. Such polyurethane
elastomers are sold under the trade mark AQUAPRENE by
Sanyo Chemical Industries, and are produced having a
range of degrees of swelling and rate of swelling when
in contact with water. Among such polyurethane
elastomers, one which has a swelling ratio of 1.2 - 2.5
times, is preferable.
If desired the strip of flexible water
swellable material may have embedded in it spring steel
wire in order to improve the performance of the
connector by enhancing the ability of the connector to
make contact with the ribs of the non water-swellable
waterstop. Alternatively the same effect may be
achieved by forming the strip as a laminate of two
water swellable materials, one being harder than the
other.
When the connector of the invention has been
placed in position and the jaws are in contact with the
rib the other end of the connector can be linked to a
waterstop of water swellable by means of an adhesive
bonding agent and the connector can be fixed to the
concrete by nailing or by means of an adhesive bonding
agent. When the jaws of the connector come into
contact with water in use the connector material swells
and a water impermeable seal is formed around the rib.
The invention is illustrated by way of example
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 a waterstop
connector consists of a strip 1 of flexible water
swellable polyurethane elastomer having an open end 2
comprising a pair of jaws 3, 4, interconnected by a
throat 5, each of the jaws 3, 4 having a contact
surface 6. The contact surface 6 is made up of four
sections, the first section adjacent the open end 2
having a convex surface 7, the second section having a
U-shaped notch 8, the third section having a flat
surface 9 and the fourth section having a concave
surface 10.
Referring to Figure 3 a concrete wall 11 has
an expansion joint 12 filled with closed cell joint
filler sealed with an elastomeric sealant. Two sections
of water swellable polyurethane elastomer waterstop 13,
14 are located on the upper surface of the wall 11, one
on each side of the joint 12 and are fixed into
position by adhesively bonding or nailing. A
plasticised polyvinyl chloride waterstop 15 having four
bulb shaped ribs 16, a central flat top box 17 to allow
movement to be accommodated in the joint and to provide
a seating to support the joint filler and end flanges
18 is located vertically at the rear of the wall 11.
Two waterstop connectors 19, 20 of the type illustrated
in Figures 1 and 2 are located on the wall 11 so that
the contact surfaces of the jaws 3,4 of each of the
strips 1 are located around and contact a bulb shaped
rib 16 on the polyvinyl chloride waterstop 15 and the
closed ends 21, 22 of the connectors 19, 20 abut
waterstop sections 13, 14. The connectors 18, 19 are
fixed in position, on the wall 11 by adhesive bonding.
Referring to Figure 4 a plasticised polyvinyl
chloride waterstop 23 is centrally placed across an
expansion joint 24 filled with closed cell joint filler
sealed with an elastomeric sealant in a concrete wall
25. The waterstop 23 has a central bulb 26 of
hexagonal design, end flanges 27 and four ribs 28 on
each face 29 of the waterstop 23. Two waterstop
connectors 30, 31 of the type illustrated in Figures 1
and 2 are placed on the wall 25 so that the contact
surfaces of the jaws 3, 4 are located around and
contact end flange 27 and ribs 28. The closed ends 32,
33 of the connectors 30, 31 abut waterstop sections 34,
35 of water swellable polyurethane elastomer located on
the wall 25 in line with waterstop 23.
Claims (15)
- A water swellable waterstop connector (20, 30, 31) for joining to a non-water swellable waterstop (15, 23) of rubber or polyvinyl chloride, which connector (20, 30, 31) comprises a strip (1) of flexible water swellable material having an open end (2) comprising a pair of jaws (3, 4) interconnected by a throat (5), each of the jaws (3, 4) having a contact surface (6) having a profile such that the jaws (3, 4) may be located around and contact a rib (16, 28) on a non-water swellable waterstop (15) of rubber or polyvinyl chloride.
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to Claim 1, characterised in that the contact surface (6) of the jaws (3, 4) comprises two interconnecting sections, the first section adjacent the open end (2) of the strip (1) having a flat surface and the second section comprising a notch (8), and the throat (5) is recessed to maximise the opening capacity of the jaws (3, 4).
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to Claim 1, characterised in that the contact surface (6) of the jaws (3, 4) comprises two interconnecting sections, the first section adjacent the open end (2) of the strip (1) having a substantially convex surface (7) and the second section comprising a notch (8), and the throat (5) is recessed to maximise the opening capacity of the jaws (3, 4).
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to Claim 1, characterised in that the contact surface (6) of the jaws (3, 4) comprises four interconnecting sections, the first section adjacent the open end (2) of the strip (1) having a flat surface, the second section comprising a notch (8), the third section having a flat surface (9) and the fourth section having a substantially concave surface (10).
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to Claim 1, characterised in that the contact surface (6) of the jaws (3, 4) comprises four interconnecting sections, the first section adjacent the open end (2) of the strip (1) having a substantially convex surface (7), the second section comprising a notch (8), the third section having a flat surface (9) and the fourth section having a substantially concave surface (10).
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to Claim 2 or Claim 4, characterised in that the flat first sections of the contact surface (6) of the jaws (3, 4) are parallel with each other.
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to Claim 2 or Claim 4, characterised in that the gap between the flat first sections of the contact surface (6) of the jaws (3, 4) flares out towards the open end of the strip (1).
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to any one of Claims 2 to 7 characterised in that the second section of the contact surface (6) on the jaws (3, 4) is a V-shaped or a substantially U-shaped notch (8).
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to any one of Claims 4 to 8, characterised in that the flat third sections (9) of the contact surface (6) of the jaws (3, 4) are parallel with each other.
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to any one of Claims 4 to 9, characterised in that the throat (5) has an arcuate surface and the surfaces (10) of the fourth sections interconnect with the throat (5) to form a substantially circular surface.
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the waterstop is made from a rubber or plastics material containing dispersed particles of a water swellable resin.
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the waterstop is made from a polyurethane elastomer having hydrophilic groups in its chemical structure.
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to Claim 12, characterised in that the polyurethane elastomer has a swelling ratio in water of 1.2 to 2.5 times.
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the strip (1) has embedded within its spring steel wire.
- A water swellable waterstop connector according to any one of Claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the strip (1) is in the form of a laminate of two water swellable materials, one being harder than the other.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9212964 | 1992-06-18 | ||
| GB929212964A GB9212964D0 (en) | 1992-06-18 | 1992-06-18 | Waterstop connectors |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0575076A1 EP0575076A1 (en) | 1993-12-22 |
| EP0575076B1 true EP0575076B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 |
Family
ID=10717334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19930304336 Expired - Lifetime EP0575076B1 (en) | 1992-06-18 | 1993-06-03 | Waterstop connectors |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0575076B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2678255B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU662414B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69322692D1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9212964D0 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG49707A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1953326A1 (en) * | 1969-10-23 | 1971-04-29 | Schulte Stemmerk Kg | Seal for expansion joints |
| JPS59175507U (en) * | 1983-05-12 | 1984-11-24 | 旭電化工業株式会社 | Water stop structure |
| GB2208881A (en) * | 1987-08-19 | 1989-04-19 | Grace W R Ltd | Waterstops for concrete with longitudinal and transverse ribs |
| DE9202319U1 (en) * | 1992-02-22 | 1992-06-11 | Hiendl, Heribert, 8440 Straubing | Joint sealing tape |
-
1992
- 1992-06-18 GB GB929212964A patent/GB9212964D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-05-28 AU AU39884/93A patent/AU662414B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-06-03 DE DE69322692T patent/DE69322692D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-03 EP EP19930304336 patent/EP0575076B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-03 SG SG1996004271A patent/SG49707A1/en unknown
- 1993-06-16 JP JP5171061A patent/JP2678255B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69322692D1 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
| GB9212964D0 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| EP0575076A1 (en) | 1993-12-22 |
| AU662414B2 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
| AU3988493A (en) | 1993-12-23 |
| JP2678255B2 (en) | 1997-11-17 |
| JPH06322845A (en) | 1994-11-22 |
| SG49707A1 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
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