EP0569576B1

EP0569576B1 - Photographic bleach composition

Info

Publication number: EP0569576B1
Application number: EP92924624A
Authority: EP
Inventors: John Richard C/O Kodak Limited Fyson
Original assignee: Kodak Ltd; Eastman Kodak Co
Current assignee: Kodak Ltd; Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date: 1991-12-03
Filing date: 1992-11-30
Publication date: 1997-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2012-11-30
Also published as: JPH06505573A; WO1993011459A1; GB9125687D0; EP0569576A1; DE69221471T2; JP3266259B2; DE69221471D1

Abstract

A photographic bleach solution, comprising hydrogen peroxide, or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide, and in combination two or more sequestering agents for complexing with a transition metal which will inhibit decomposition of the bleach, preferably at a pH from 5.5 to 14; a method of photographic colour processing including a bleach step comprising the addition of such a bleach solution and the use of such a bleach solution is described.

Description

This invention relates to photographic bleach compositions for use in photographic colour processing.
There are a number of proposals in the art to use peroxy compounds, e.g. hydrogen peroxide or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide, in bleach compositions in conventional colour processes. Some peroxide bleach solutions must contain an organic metal complex salt e.g. US Specification 4 301 236, while others must employ a bleach accelerator e.g. Japanese specifications 611250647A and 611261739A.
In U.S. specification 4 277 556 there are described bleach solutions having a pH between 2.0 and 5.5 consisting of a hydrogen peroxide solution and a mono- or dicarboxylic acid, or an alkylidene diphosphonic acid, typically 50ml/l 30% of hydrogen peroxide solution and 30 ml/l concentrated acetic acid. Such solutions however do not bleach the entire amount of silver present. U.S. Specification 4 454 224 describes an improvement on this in which the hydrogen peroxide bleach solution is alkaline having a pH of 7 or more and contains a polyacetic acid such as diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or 'DTPA'. This complexes with the silver ion formed by the oxidising action of the peroxy compound and the silver complex thus formed, being soluble in the photofixing composition, can then be readily removed. In spite of all these suggestions no such solution has ever been used commercially. There is further disclosed in European Patent Application Publication No. 0 428 101 Al an alkaline bleach solution containing a water-soluble chloride for producing rapid desilvering to which an organic phosphonic acid may be added to eliminate blister formation.
It has also been established that peroxide bleaches used for processes for low silver materials are unstable and decompose in a matter of days or even hours, becoming unusable. Complex metal ions, which are naturally present in the water used to make up the bleach or which leach out of the paper during processing, catalyse the decomposition of the peroxide in the bleach. In U.S. Specification 4 454 224 it can be seen that 'DTPA' has little or no stabilising effect on the bleaching agent at the pH used.
It has now been found, however, that the addition of even a tiny amount of a combination of two or more sequestering agents which can complex with a transition metal ion, can significantly enhance the stability of peroxide bleaches at a particular pH range. This preservation of the active ingredient of the bleach causes a reduction in waste and is inexpensive compared to replacement of the solution.
According to the present invention therefore there is provided a photographic bleach solution, comprising hydrogen peroxide, or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide, and in combination two or more sequestering agents for complexing with a transition metal which will inhibit the decomposition of the bleach, wherein the pH of the solution is in the alkaline range.
Sequestering agents which may be suitable include two or more of the following:-

a polyalkyl-carboxylic, -phosphonic or -sulphonic acid containing at least one amine group which has condensed with one or more alkyl hydrogens of the alkyl-carboxylic, -phosphonic or -sulphonic acid, such as a compound of formula (I) as defined hereinbelow or a salt thereof;
an alkylidene -1, 1-diphosphonic acid, such as a compound of formula (II) as defined hereinbelow;
a polyhydroxyphenyl such as a compound of formula (III) as defined hereinbelow; or
a polyphosphate such as a compound of formula (IV), as defined hereinbelow, or an alkali metal salt thereof.

If a single sequestering agent is used some stabilising effect occurs but this is surprisingly dependent upon the pH used. Thus although a compound of formula (I), such as 'DTPA', has negligible effect at an alkaline pH, as mentioned hereinbefore, at a mildly acidic pH, for example pH 6.0, it can be highly effective in stabilising bleach.
A compound of formula (I) is represented by the structure.

wherein X¹ and X² may be the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulphonyl or phosphonyl group or the group Z,
wherein Z =
wherein a, b, c and d are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulphonyl or phosphonyl group or either X¹ and/or X² may be repeat units of A or B,
Y is as defined for a, b, c and d or is the group Z or the group B,
wherein X³ and X⁴ are the same or different and are as defined for X¹ and X² wherein the sum of m, n and r is an integer from 1 to 10 and
wherein one or both of the hydrogen atoms in each of the (cH₂)_m,(CH₂)_n or (CH₂)_r groups may be replaced by a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
with the proviso that at least one of X¹, X², X³ and X⁴ is or contains a carboxylic, sulphonyl or phosphonyl group, or a salt thereof.

Examples of compounds of formula (I) that are particularly suitable are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 'EDTA', propylenediaminetetraacetic acid 'PDTA', nitrilotriacetic acid 'NTA' but most preferably diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 'DTPA', these compounds generally being used in the form of their corresponding tetra- or penta-sodium salts.
In contrast, an alkylidene -1, 1-diphosphonic acid of formula (II)
wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydroxyl group and n is from 0-12, whilst found to be suitable over a range of pH from 5.5 to pH 14, is more effective in the alkaline range. For example at pH 8.0 the preferred compound 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (X = OH, n = 1) or 'HEPA' has been found to have surprising stabilising effect in preserving the peroxy compound. Compounds of formula (III) and (IV) are both more effective in stabilising bleach at a mildly acidic pH, these compounds having the formulae represented hereinunder:-
wherein R¹, R², R³and R⁴ are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl, sulphonyl or carboxyl group, especially dihydroxyphenyl sulphonate ('catechol' disulphonate 'CDS') or 'TIRON' and

HO(P(O)(OH)O-)_nH (IV)

wherein n is from 4 to 12, preferably 4 to 8 or an alkali metal salt thereof, such as 'QUADRAFOS'TM or 'CALGON'TM.
However, according to the invention and for optimum bleaching efficiency a combination of two or more sequestering agents is used. Thus, although 'DTPA' has little effect at an alkaline pH, its combination with the effective 'HEPA' produces a further enhanced or 'synergistic' effect.
A synergistic effect may be said to occur when at some time during the storage of the bleach solution the combined stabilising effect of two or more of the components is greater than the sum of the individual stabilising effects of the two or more components.
In a preferred aspect of this invention such an effect may result by the combination of a polyalkylcarboxylic acid of formula (I) or a salt thereof with a diphosphonic acid of formula (II) or a polyphosphate of formula (IV) or an alkali metal salt thereof.
In a most preferred aspect of this invention the combination comprises diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 'DTPA' or a salt thereof and 1-hydroxy-ethylidene-1,1diphosphonic acid, 'HEPA'.
The components may be combined with the ratio of any two components being in the range 1:1 to 1:10 by volume wherein either component may be present in the greater amount.
Each sequestering agent as a component in the synergistic combination, is added in an amount of from .005 to 5% by weight of bleach solution, preferably from 0.04 to 0.1% by weight.
Compounds capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide include metal peroxides; compounds which include hydrogen peroxide in their crystal structure such as sodium percarbonate; other peroxy compounds such as sodium perborate and persulphate; or soluble organic peroxides, such as butyl peroxide or benzyl peroxide.
The hydrogen peroxide or a compound such as mentioned above is added in a sufficient quantity to enable the bleach step to take place in a suitable length of time. Conveniently commercially available 30% hydrogen peroxide is used in an amount of from 20 to 100 ml/litre bleach solution, preferably about 50ml/litre, but equivalent amounts of, for example, 8% or 3% hydrogen peroxide may also be used.
The bleach solution preferably has one or more acids, alkalis or buffers to maintain the pH at the required level, such as an alkali metal carbonate, carbonate/hydrogen carbonate buffer, phosphate buffer, amine/borate buffer, boric acid, or a carboxylic acid, such as acetic acid, propionic acid or glycollic acid.
The bleach solutions of the present invention may be used with any type of photographic silver halide colour material. Such materials and their possible constituents are described, for example, in Research Disclosure Item 308119, December 1989, published by Kenneth Mason Publications, Emsworth, Hants., United Kingdom. However materials based on predominantly silver chloride emulsions are preferred.
The present invention also provides a method of photographic colour processing including a bleach step, which comprises the addition of hydrogen peroxide, or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide, and in combination two or more sequestering agents for complexing with a transition metal which will inhibit catalytic decomposition of the bleach.
The bleach step may directly follow the developing or redox amplification stages or an intermediate stop bath may be employed.
The photographic material to be processed preferably contains low levels of silver and is preferably based on emulsions which comprise at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, silver chloride and especially substantially pure silver chloride.
The invention will now be described with reference to the following examples which in no way limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

A peroxide bleach, suitable for use with a low silver paper material, was made up with the following formula:

hydrogen peroxide 30% 50ml

sodium hydrogen carbonate 25g

potassium chloride 0.5g

tap water to 1 litre
To this solution was added lml of water containing 0.1% by weight of each of the transition metals copper (II), iron (III) and manganese (II) as their sulphates, giving a final concentration of each of these metal ions of 1 ppm.
To a 100ml sample of this bleach, 0.lml of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid ('HEPA') was added. To another 100ml sample 0.1ml 80% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ('DTPA') was added and to yet another 100ml sample 0.lml of each of 'HEPA' and 'DTPA' was added. A control sample of 100ml with no sequestering agent was also taken. The pH of each sample was adjusted to 8.0 with sodium hydroxide solution or dilute sulphuric acid as appropriate and the solutions transferred into clean brown glass bottles, which were kept in the dark at room temperature (about 20°C).
At intervals the amount of residual hydrogen peroxide was determined using the method outlined on page 363 of the 3rd edition of 'A Text-book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis' by Vogel. The titration was made with 5g/l sodium thiosulphate. The residual peroxide was determined as the amount of this solution need to reach the end point.
The results, which are shown graphically in Figure 1, show that 'HEPA' preserves the hydrogen peroxide to a substantial extent and an even greater improvement results by the addition of 'DTPA', indicating a synergistic effect between the sequestering agents, even though 'DTPA' on its own has little or no effect.
Thus, whereas the relative peroxide concentration of the control sample and 'DTPA' falls to zero within 10 days, with both 'HEPA' and the combination of 'HEPA' and 'DTPA' very little peroxide is destabilised until three weeks have elapsed and there is still a residual effect after six weeks.
In order to try the bleaching ability of the stored bleach it was tested as described in Example 2 of WO-A-92/07300. The time for bleaching increased by no more than 100% after one month, whereas a solution with no addenda was bleach-inactive in considerably less than one week.

Example 2

The above experiment was repeated with the pH, however, adjusted to 6.0 with sodium hydroxide solution or dilute sulphuric scid as appropriate, using separate samples of 'HEPA', 'DTPA', catechol disulphonate ('TIRON'™) and a polyphosphate ('QUADRAFOS'™), and also a control sample with no sequestering agent present.
The results, which are shown graphically in Figure 2, show that each sequestering agent tested had a substantial peroxide stabilising effect when compared with the control, with 'DTPA' and 'TIRON'™ having negligible loss in effect even after 6 weeks, 'QUADRAFOS'™ retaining a good level for this time and 'HEPA' only falling to nil peroxide concentration after this 6 week period compared with 2 weeks for the control.
The bleaching ability of the stored bleach was confirmed as described in Example 1.

Claims

A photographic bleach solution, comprising hydrogen peroxide, or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide, and in combination two or more sequestering agents for complexing with a transition metal which will inhibit decomposition of the bleach, wherein the pH of the solution is in the alkaline range.
A bleach solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein each sequestering agent is selected from a polyalkyl-carboxylic, -phosphonic or -sulphonic acid of formula (I)

wherein X¹ and X² may be the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulphonyl or phosphonyl group or the group Z,

wherein Z =

wherein a, b, c and d are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulphonyl or phosphonyl group or either X¹ and/or X² may be repeat units of A or B,

Y is as defined for a, b, c and d or is the group Z or the group B,

wherein X³ and X⁴ are the same or different and are as defined for X¹ and X² wherein the sum of m, n and r is an integer from 1 to 10 and

wherein one or both of the hydrogen atoms in each of the (CH₂)_m,(CH₂)_n or (CH₂)_r groups may be replaced by a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

with the proviso that at least one of X¹, X², X³ and X⁴ is or contains a carboxylic, sulphonyl or phosphonyl group, or a salt thereof;
a diphosphonic acid of formula (II)
wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydroxyl group and n is from 0 to 12;
a polyhydroxyphenyl of formula (III)
wherein R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl, sulphonyl or carboxyl group, and a polyphosphate of formula (IV)

HO(P(O)OH)0-)_nH

wherein n is from 4 to 12
or an alkali metal salt thereof.
A bleach solution as claimed in claim 2, comprising a compound of formula (I), wherein at least one of X¹, X², X³ and X⁴ is a carboxylic acid group.
A bleach solution as claimed in either of claims 2 and 3, comprising in combination a polyalkylcarboxylic acid of formula (I), or a salt thereof, with a diphosphonic acid of formula (II) or a polyphosphate of formula (IV) or an alkali metal salt thereof.
A bleach solution as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the polyalkylcarboxylic acid of formula (I) is diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
A bleach solution as claimed in either of claims 2 and 4, wherein the compound of formula (II) is 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid.
A bleach solution as claimed in claim 2, wherein the compound of formula (III) is dihydroxyphenyl sulphonate.
A bleach solution as claimed in either of claims 2 and 4 wherein in the compound of formula (IV) n is from 4 to 8.
A bleach solution as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid is combined with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid in a synergistic combination.
A bleach solution as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of any two components is in the range 1:1 to 1:10 by volume wherein either component may be present in the greater amount.
A bleach solution as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each sequestering agent in the combination is added in an amount of from .005 to 5% by weight of bleach solution.
A bleach solution as claimed in claim 11, wherein the sequestering agent is added in an amount of from 0.04% to 0.1% by weight of bleach solution.
A bleach solution as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein 30% hydrogen peroxide is used in an amount of from 20 to 100ml, preferably 50ml, per litre of solution.
A method of photographic colour processing including a bleach step, which comprises the addition of hydrogen peroxide, or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide, and in combination two or more sequestering agents for complexing with a transition metal which will inhibit catalytic decomposition of the bleach, wherein the pH of the solution is in the alkaline range.
A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the bleach solution is as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13.
The use of a bleach solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 in a method of photographic colour processing as claimed in claim 14.