EP0569339A1 - Ramming device, more particularly for soil probing - Google Patents

Abstract

A ramming device (1), particularly for soil probing, consists of a frame (2) which is composed of two sections (5) and (6) arranged in parallel. A slide (4) is guided between these sections (5) and (6) by guide rollers. The slide (4) is equipped with a ratchet mechanism. Rotatably mounted in the top and bottom end area of the sections (5) and (6) are deflection-pulley pairs (12) and (13) respectively, of which the bottom pair is driven. Roller chains (16) and (19) respectively are run over the first deflection pulleys (14, 15) and the second deflection pulleys (17, 18). Flight attachments (21) are fastened between the two roller chains (16) and (19), which run parallel to one another. The flight attachments (21) interact with the ratchet mechanism of the slide (4) and pull up the slide (4) together with weight (23). A wedge (26) attached to the sections (5) and (6) disengages the slide (4), which then drops down along the guides (3) of the sections (5) and (6) and rams a bar (25) into the soil. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a pile driver, in particular for pile probes, according to the preamble of claim 1.

During the ramming probing, special probes, which are attached to steel rods or pipes, are rammed into the ground using a piling device. The penetration depth of the probe is recorded depending on the energy of the ram body. Based on these records, conclusions can be drawn about the nature of the soil.

Specially designed hollow probes up to a diameter of 100 mm, which are also rammed into the ground using a piling device, also allow soil samples to be taken.

Such ramming probes, in contrast to drilling probes, can be carried out very easily and inexpensively, since ramming devices have a simple structure and are also easy to use.

Piling equipment of the type mentioned above are known. They essentially have a frame which is equipped with guides in which the ram is guided and with a chain for lifting the ram. If the chain is endless and formed over deflection rollers, it has drivers which are designed as rod elements which are connected to the chain and protrude at right angles therefrom. The chain is located on the outside of the frame and parallel to the guides for the ram and outside the ram. The ram is provided with a bracket in which the bar element of the chain engages coming from below and pulls the ram up. This is due to the weight of the ram and the lever arm of the bar element a moment which acts on the chain and which must be absorbed by the chain by suitable devices. To release the ram, the chain is guided over a deflection roller. By deflecting the chain, the rod element attached to it is pulled out of the bracket of the ram, the rod element executing an additional pivoting movement by the deflection of the chain, after which the ram falls down along the guides and strikes the rod to be rammed into the ground falls.

These piling rigs have the disadvantage that it is not readily possible to adjust the falling height of the ram, but rather requires additional expenditure in the form of a deflection roller which is adjustable in height. Furthermore, due to the moment acting on the chain through the bar element, there is a certain safety risk with regard to the ram being held securely by the bar element during the start-up.

A similar pile driver is known, for example, from GB-PS 1 486 002, which is provided for driving piles. This pile driver has a frame in which the ram is guided. Outside the frame there is an encircling chain which is equipped with drivers which protrude above the chain and interact with the ram when it is being pulled up, so that a moment is also exerted on the chain, which also causes the above-mentioned disadvantage. An adjustment of the fall height of the ram is not provided for in this ramming device.

The object of the invention is to design a ramming device, in particular for ramming probes, so that the ram to be pulled up is held securely by a driver, and that the ram is at a selectable and easily adjustable height by the driver is released and slides down the guides to strike the rod of the probe to be driven.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

By arranging two endless means guided parallel to one another and by attaching the drivers for lifting the ram between the two endless means, it is advantageously achieved that the driver does not exert any moment on the endless means when a ram is formed by the carriage and the weight attached to it is pulled up by the catch via a latch mechanism.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the guides of the frame consist of two U-profiles, the legs of which are directed towards each other so that the carriage can be arranged between the U-profiles, and the guide rollers are supported on the inside of the legs . Advantageously, the parallel, endless means are also arranged between the U-profiles, the slide in front of and behind the latch mechanism, which is arranged in the central region of the slide, has openings through which the front run and the rear run, respectively of the two endless means. This means that the two endless means in the region of the latch mechanism are guided through the slide, as a result of which the two endless means cannot perform an evasive movement relative to the latch mechanism of the slide, so that during the pull-up process between the latch mechanism and the drivers arranged between the endless means a secure connection is guaranteed.

The carriage is advantageously equipped with a holding device which comes to lie outside the profiles and on which holding device a weight is releasably attached, which is easily exchangeable for another weight. The weight connected to the holding device of the slide is provided with an opening through which the rod to be rammed into the ground is guided with play. A detachably fastened, flange-shaped part is arranged on the rod, on which the weight strikes. By guiding the bar by weight, it is ensured that each stroke is carried out precisely and that the bar cannot make an evasive movement in relation to the weight.

Advantageously, the latch mechanism consists of a slide which has an integrally formed latch, which can be moved between the endless means and comes to rest in the area of action of the drivers. The slide is pressed into this position by spring force. The release is carried out by a pivot lever, one leg of which is coupled to the slide, and the other leg of which is equipped with a roller which runs onto a wedge which is attached to the guides in a height-adjustable manner. This ensures an inevitable and therefore safe release at the selected height.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that the position into which the slide is pressed by means of spring force and which corresponds to the driving position can be adjusted by an adjustable stop. The endless means can be equipped with several drivers, the area of which is which the pawl of the slide comes to lie to raise the slide, have a different distance from the slide. By suitably adjusting the stop, which limits the front position of the slide, it can be caused that the carriage is pulled up by every driver, or by every second driver or, for example, only by every third driver that runs past the carriage. In this way, for example, the stroke frequency can be changed depending on the height of the slide.

The wedge on which the swivel lever runs to pull back the slide and to release the slide is held in the longitudinal direction by means of a clamping device on the profiles. This makes the height adjustment of the wedge very easy. Furthermore, the clamping device on which the wedge is arranged is coupled to the slide in such a way that with each impact that the ram exerts on the rod to be driven in, the wedge is pulled by the amount by which the rod penetrates into the ground. This automatically ensures that the fall height remains the same regardless of the penetration of the bar into the ground. This is particularly important if the depth of penetration of the probe is recorded as a function of the energy provided, in order to draw conclusions about the nature of the soil.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the further dependent claims.

An embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawing.

• Fig. 1 eine räumliche Darstellung eines Rammgerätes;
• Fig. 2 eine Schnittdarstellung durch den Schlitten mit dem Klinkmechanismus, wobei sich der Schlitten in der unteren Lage befindet.
• Fig. 3 eine Schnittdarstellung durch den Schlitten mit dem Klinkmechanismus, wobei sich der Schlitten in der hochgezogenen Ausklinklage befindet;
• Fig. 4 eine Schnittdarstellung quer durch den Schlitten und durch die Profile des Rahmengestells.

Show it

• Figure 1 is a spatial representation of a pile driver.
• Fig. 2 is a sectional view through the carriage with the latch mechanism, the carriage being in the lower position.
• Figure 3 is a sectional view through the carriage with the latch mechanism, the carriage being in the raised release position.
• Fig. 4 is a sectional view across the carriage and through the profiles of the frame.

The pile driver 1 according to FIG. 1 is composed of a frame 2, the guides 3 for the slide 4 of which are formed from two parallel profiles 5, 6 in the form of U-profiles. The profiles 5, 6 are connected to one another at their upper and lower ends by means of transverse webs 7 and 8, respectively, in such a way that the legs 9 and 10 of the two profiles 5, 6 are directed towards one another and that the profiles 5 and 6 are spaced apart from one another . The frame 2 is provided with a base 11, which serves as a base.

In the upper area and in the lower area of the frame 2, a pair of guide rollers 12 and 13 is rotatably supported. A first endless roller chain 16 is guided over the first deflection rollers 14 and 15 of the two deflection roller pairs 12 and 13, which are designed as chain wheels. A second endless roller chain 19 is guided over the two second deflection rollers 17 and 18 of the two pairs of deflection rollers 12 and 13, which are also designed as sprockets. The first deflection rollers 14 and 15 are connected to the second deflection rollers 17 and 18 in a rotationally rigid manner at a distance from one another. The deflection roller pair 13 is driven by a motor 20 which is attached to the base 11. This motor 20 is designed as a hydraulic motor, the speed of which is variable.

The carriage 4, which is guided in the profiles 5 and 6, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 4, is provided with a latch mechanism. As a result, the carriage 4 can be pulled up by the two roller chains 16 and 19, between which drivers 21 are fastened. The carriage 4 has a holding device 22, from which a weight 23 is received. The weight 23 is detachably connected to the holding device 22, so that it can easily be exchanged for another weight. The weight 23 has an opening 24 through which the rod 25 to be rammed into the ground is guided with play.

The notch of the carriage in its upper position, which will be described later with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, takes place via a wedge 26, which is held in the longitudinal direction by a clamping device 27 on the profiles 5 and 6. The clamping device 27 consists of a support plate 28, which is equipped with guide grooves, not shown, into which the legs 9 and 10 of the profiles 5 and 6 protrude, so that the clamping device 27 is guided. The clamping device 27 is clamped to the profiles 5 and 6 by means of clamping brackets 29 which are resiliently fastened to the support plate 28 and press against the surface of the legs 9 and 10 of the profiles 5 and 6. As a result, the clamping device is held in the corresponding position by friction. The support plate 28 has on the upper and lower edge each a right-angled tab 30 and 31, which are provided with holes through which a rod 32 is passed with play. The rod 32 is fixedly connected to the carriage 4 at its lower end. On the rod 32 there is a height-adjustable stop at the end region facing away from the slide 4 and outside the tabs 30 and 31 33 attached.

When the carriage 4 is raised, the rod 32 slides through the two tabs 30 and 31, also when the carriage 4 falls down. The stop 33, however, causes the rod 25 to penetrate into the ground, which happens to a certain extent with each stroke , the clamping device 27 is moved together with the wedge 26 by this penetration of the rod 25 downwards. This means that the drop height once set, which is determined by the setting of the stop 33 on the rod 32, always automatically remains the same when the rod 25 is rammed into the ground.

The upper pair of deflection rollers 12 can be mounted on a bracket 34, which is adjustable in the longitudinal direction with respect to the frame 2 by means of adjusting screws, not shown. As a result, the roller chains 18 and 19 can be retensioned.

In Fig. 2 the position of the carriage 4 is shown when it is in the lower position. After execution of the stroke, the weight 23 rests on a flange-shaped part 35 which is attached to the rod 25, which is to be rammed into the ground, for receiving the stroke. The holding device 22 is detachably connected to the carriage 4 by means of screws 36. The carriage 4, which is box-shaped, is provided on both sides with four guide rollers 37, which are supported on the inside of the legs 9 and 10 of the profiles 5 and 6, so that the moments that occur when the carriage 4 is raised and when it strikes arise, be included.

In the central region of the box 38 forming the carriage 4, a bush 39 is fastened to cross members 40. The upper part of the sleeve 39 is with a Provide slot 41 through which a leg 42 of a pivot lever 43 projects. The pivot lever 43, the other leg 44 is equipped with a roller 45, is pivotally mounted on the box 38 by the bolt 46. The leg 42 engages with its end facing away from the bolt 46 into a recess 47 in the slide 48. The slide 48 is displaceable in the bush 39 by the pivot lever 43. The pawl 49 is integrally formed on the front end of the slide 48. The pivoting lever 46 is pulled into the position shown in FIG. 2 by the spring force exerted by the tension spring 50. This position is limited by the stop 51, which is held adjustably by a screw thread in the bush 39.

The pawl 49 projects between the roller chains 16 and 19, which form the front run 52 in this area. The direction of rotation of the lower pair of guide rollers 12 causes the front run 52 of the roller chains 16 and 19 to move upward. The driver 21, which is fastened between the roller chains 16 and 19, abuts the pawl 49 with its upper contact surface, the carriage 4 is raised.

In the raised position of the carriage 4, as shown in Fig. 3, the roller 45 of the pivot lever 43 runs on the wedge 26 which is held on the profiles 5, 6. As a result, the pivot lever 43 experiences a pivoting movement. The leg 42 pulls the slide 48 against the spring force, exerted by the tension spring 50, into the retracted position shown in FIG. 3. The pawl 49, which rested on the driver 21 during the pulling up of the carriage 4, as shown in dash-dot lines, is thereby withdrawn by the driver 21, the carriage 4 is released and can be guided along the legs 9 or 10 of the profiles 5 and 6 fall down through the guide rollers 37 until the Weight 23 strikes on the flange-shaped part 35, not visible in FIG. 3, of the rod 25 to be driven. The roller chains 16 and 19 continue to run, the driver 21 bypasses the upper pair of guide rollers 13, passes through the rear run 53 and the lower pair of guide rollers 12 again under the pawl 49 of the slider 48, which are now again in the dash-dotted, front position lie, whereby the process is repeated.

A plurality of drivers 21, for example four, can be attached along the roller chains 16 and 19, which are at a constant distance from one another. This means that four strokes and consequently four strokes are carried out while the speed of the motor 20 remains the same during one revolution of the roller chains 16 and 19. The waiting time for the carriage 4 when the stroke has been carried out is reduced considerably until the next driver 21 can pull the carriage 4 up again. This is particularly advantageous for small heads.

4, in which a cross section through the carriage 4 is shown, the box 38 of the carriage can be seen. Four stub axles 54 are mounted on both sides of the box 38, on which the guide rollers 37 are rotatably mounted. The guide rollers 37 roll on the inside of the legs 9 and 10 of the profiles 5 and 6. The box 38 is provided in front of and behind the latch mechanism with an opening 58 and 59 through which the front run 52 and the rear run 53 of the roller chains 16 and 19 pass. Through these openings 58 and 59, the roller chains 16 and 19 are guided in the area of the carriage 4, so that no evasive movement of the roller chains 16 and 19 can take place, in particular in the area of the pawl 49, which in particular could occur when the roller chains 16 and 19 are no longer optimally tensioned. This also ensures that the pawl 49 is securely latched to the driver 21 in this case.

If a plurality of drivers 21 are arranged on the roller chains 16 and 19, the drivers 21 can have different shapes. A driver 21 can for example consist of a full piece 55, while the other driver 21 consists of a U-shaped profile piece 56. Due to the fact that the front position of the pawl 49 of the slide 48 can be adjusted by the adjustable stop 51 (FIGS. 2 and 3), depending on the position of this stop, it can be achieved that only the drivers 21, which are equipped with a full piece 55, cause the carriage 4 to be pulled up while the driver 21 with the U-shaped profile piece 56 does not come into contact with the pawl 49. The stop 51 can, however, also be set such that both types of driver 21, both with the full piece 55 and with the U-shaped profile piece 56, cause the carriage to be lifted up.

This piling device, which allows a fall height of around two meters and whose drop weight is a maximum of 200 kg, can be easily operated by a single person, since the safety of the work processes is guaranteed. The base 11 of the pile driver 1 is advantageously equipped with bolts 57 (FIG. 1) in such a way that the pile driver 1 can be coupled to an existing three-point suspension of a tractor.

As a result of the chain guide, the latching device and the guidance of the slide 4, this piling device can also be used if the rod 25 has to be rammed into the ground at an angle. It is also conceivable to equip the pile driver 1 with a hydraulic lifting device, by means of which rods 25 or probes rammed into the ground can be pulled out of the ground. It is also conceivable to provide the pile driver 1 with a crane device, by means of which weights 23 can be brought or exchanged on the holding device of the slide.

Claims (10)

Ramming device, in particular for ramming probes, consisting of a frame with guides for a ram, which can be pulled up along the guides of the frame by means of a continuous endless means and falls along the guides onto a rod to be rammed into the ground, which rod at its end on the ground side is equipped with a probe, characterized in that the guides (3) of the frame (2) consist of two profiles (5), (6) arranged in parallel, between which a slide (4) equipped with guide rollers (37) and a latching mechanism, which is equipped with a holding device (22) for receiving a weight (23), is held in a longitudinally displaceable manner in such a way that a pair of deflecting rollers (12) and (13) are rotatably mounted in the upper and lower end region of the profiles (5) and (6) is, of which pairs of deflection rollers (12) and (13) at least one is driven, that over both first deflection rollers (14) and (15) and both two iten pulleys (17) and (18) of each pair of pulleys (12) and (13) each an endless means (18) and (19) is guided, which endless means (18) and (19) are guided in parallel and between which At least one driver (21) is arranged, in which driver (21) the latching mechanism of the slide (4) latches for raising and unlatches at an adjustable height. Piling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides (3) of the frame (2) consist of two U-profiles (5, 6), the legs (9) and (10) of which are directed towards each other, so that the carriage (4) comes to lie between the U-profiles (5) and (6), the Support the guide rollers (37) on the inside of the legs (9) and (10). Piling device according to claim 2, characterized in that a pair of deflecting rollers (12) or (13) is arranged in the upper end region and in the lower end region of the U-profiles (5, 6) and between the U-profiles (5, 6), such that the axes of rotation are perpendicular to the web of the U-profiles (5) and (6) and that the latch mechanism is arranged in the central region of the carriage (4) and the carriage (4) in front of and behind the latch mechanism openings (58) and (59), through which the front run (52) or the rear run (53) of the two endless means are guided. Piling device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the holding device (22) for receiving a weight (23) is attached to the slide (4) in such a way that the weight (23) outside the profiles (5, 6) lie, and that the weight (23) is replaceable and releasably connected to the holding device (22), the weight (23) having an opening (24) through which the rod (25) to be rammed into the ground is guided with play the rod (25) is equipped with a releasably fastened, flange-shaped part (35) on which the weight (23) strikes. Piling device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the latching mechanism consists of a slide (48) which is opposite the Carriage (4) between the two endless means forming the front run (52) can be moved by spring force into a position in which a pawl (49) molded onto the slide (48) comes to rest on the driver (21) so that the Slider (48) is coupled to a leg (42) of a pivot lever (43) pivotably mounted on the carriage (4), the other leg (44) of which is equipped with a roller (45) which runs onto a wedge (26) which is attached to the guides (3) in a height-adjustable manner, by means of which the slide (48) can be moved into a retracted position against the spring force by means of the swivel lever (43). Piling device according to claim 5, characterized in that the position in which the slide (48) is held by spring force can be adjusted by an adjustable stop (51). Ramming device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least two drivers (21) are fastened at the same distance from one another along the endless means, which drivers (21) for the support of the pawl (49) of the slidably arranged slide on the slide (48) have a driver surface, the distance to the carriage (4) is different. Ramming device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the wedge (26) is held in the longitudinal direction so as to be displaceable on the profiles (5, 6) by means of a clamping device (27), and in that a driving device (32, 33), which is adjustable in height, is provided, which is coupled to the clamping device (27) of the wedge (26), and which at Every stroke that the ram, formed by a slide (4), holding device (22) and weight (23), exerts on the rod (25) to be driven in, pulls the wedge (26) by the amount by which the rod (25) penetrates into the ground. Piling device according to claim 8, characterized in that the driving device consists of a rod (32) which is fastened at one end to the slide (4) and which is slidable through at least one tab (30, 31) attached to the clamping device (27 ) of the wedge (26), and which rod (32) is equipped with a height-adjustable stop (33) on the end region facing away from the slide (4) outside the bracket (30) or (31). Piling device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the endless means are simple roller chains (18, 19) and the deflection rollers are chain wheels.

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