EP0562756A1 - Feuerlöschende und explosionsunterdrückende Substanzen - Google Patents

Feuerlöschende und explosionsunterdrückende Substanzen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0562756A1
EP0562756A1 EP93302037A EP93302037A EP0562756A1 EP 0562756 A1 EP0562756 A1 EP 0562756A1 EP 93302037 A EP93302037 A EP 93302037A EP 93302037 A EP93302037 A EP 93302037A EP 0562756 A1 EP0562756 A1 EP 0562756A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
agent
perfluorohexane
partially
flammable
fully fluorinated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93302037A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
David John Spring
David Nicholas Ball
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kidde Graviner Ltd
Original Assignee
Kidde Graviner Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kidde Graviner Ltd filed Critical Kidde Graviner Ltd
Publication of EP0562756A1 publication Critical patent/EP0562756A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0057—Polyhaloalkanes

Definitions

  • fire suppression will be used to cover both fire extinguishing and explosion suppression.
  • a fire suppression agent comprising a non-flammable partially or fully fluorinated hydrocarbo having a boiling point above 0C in combination with discharge means for discharging it in atomised form into an area to be protected.
  • a method of suppressing a fire comprising the step of discharging into the fire, in atomised form, a non-flammable partially or fully fluorinated hydrocarbon having a boiling point above OC.
  • a fire suppression agent comprising a mixture of a liquid component and a gaseous component, the liquid component comprising one or more non-flammable partially or fully fluorinated hydrocarbons having a boiling point above OC, and the gaseous component comprising one or more non-flammable partially or fully fluorinated hydrocarbons having a boiling point below OC.
  • Fire suppression agents embodying the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to certain Examples and to the accompanying drawing which is a Figure showing graphical test results.
  • Fire suppression agents need to satisfy a number of different requirements. In the first place, of course, they must have efficient fire extinguishing ad explosion suppressing capabilities. Secondly, however, they should be environmentally friendly; known extinguishing and suppression agents based on bromofluorocarbons or bromochlorofluorocarbons (Halons) are environmentally damaging and, under the Montreal protocol on ozone-depleting chemicals and its subsequent amendments, their production has to be phased out by 1st January 1994. There is therefore a great need for effective and environmentally acceptable extinguishing and suppression agents. Thirdly, in many cases fire suppression agents have to be used in areas where people are present, such as, for example, in industrial areas or in transport. It is therefore important that the agents to be used should be as harmless as possible to humans.
  • Example 1 of a fire suppression agent comprises perfluorohexane, C6F14, used in atomised form.
  • the boiling point of perfluorohexane is +58C. It is known for use as a fire suppression agent in the form of a streamed liquid.
  • standard laboratory tests of its fire suppression capability when used in this way, against a two-dimensional or surface-type fire have shown that, in order to produce the same fire suppression capability as a give quantity of Halon 1301, early three times as much perfluorohexane is required (when measured in mass or volume terms).
  • perfluorohexane when applied in atomised form, perfluorohexane is particularly effective against three dimensional fires - explosions and rapidly developing fires.
  • perfluorohexane When used in this way and in these circumstances, it has been found that a given mass or volume of perfluorohexane can achieve substantially the same suppression capability as substantially the same quantity of Halon 1301.
  • the droplets of perfluorohexane in the atomised discharge have a distribution lying in the region 20 - 200 micrometres. Droplets with this size distribution are large enough to have sufficient momentum to reach the seat of the fire or the developing fire ball in as short a time as possible (typically a few tens of milliseconds). However, they are still small enough to evaporate in the flame so as to absorb its heat.
  • Atomisation is achieved by forcing the perfluorohexane through a suitably selected nozzle by means of a propellant gas.
  • a suitable propellant gas is nitrogen. Nitrogen is very soluble in perfluorohexane. This solubility aids the atomisation process because, upon discharge of the perfluorohexane under pressure of the gas, the pressure release causes the dissolved nitrogen to come out of solution and this enhances the atomisation process.
  • Perfluorohexane does not cotain chlorine or bromine and does not destroy stratospheric ozone. It has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero. Tests on perfluorocarbons similar to perfluorohexane have shown that they have essentially very low toxicity. Perfluorohexane, when used in the atomised form described above, is thus particularly suitable as a suppression agent for use in crew bay compartments if military vehicles, but is not restricted to such appliances. Other applications could include engine compartments of military vehicles, machinery rooms and compartments in ships, off-shore oil and gas platforms, rail vehicles, civil and military aircraft, aircraft shelters and hangars and the like.
  • the substance used may be a mixture not only of isomeric perfluorohexanes but also of other perfluorocarbons.
  • Example 1 perfluorohexane and other perfluorocarbons (i.e. fully fluorinated hydrocarbons) or mixtures and isomers of them, having boiling points above O C, and preferably in the range +20 to +150 C, are included within Example 1 and can be used in the manner explained above.
  • perfluorohexane and other perfluorocarbons i.e. fully fluorinated hydrocarbons
  • mixtures and isomers of them having boiling points above O C, and preferably in the range +20 to +150 C
  • Suitable perfluorocarbons are:- TABLE 1 perfluoropentane CF3(CF2)3CF3 (+29C) perfluoroheptane CF3(CF2)5CF3 (+83C) perfluoroctane CF3(CF2)6CF3 (+105C) perfluorononane CF3(CF2)7CF3 (+125C)
  • Another possibility is to use partially fluorinated hydrocarbons (i.e. high boiling point hydrofluorocarbons), or mixtures or isomers of them, again having boiling points above OC and again preferably in the range +20 to +150C.
  • Suitable hydrofluorocarbons are:
  • nitrogen as the pressurising gas
  • another inert gas such as argon, helium or carbon dioxide.
  • a third Example (Example 3) of a suppression agent embodying the invention comprises a mixture of a high boiling point perfluorocarbon, such as perfluorohexane, with a low boiling point fluorinated. hydrofluorocarbon.
  • a suitable hydrofluorocarbo is trifluoromethane (CHF3).
  • Trifluoromethane has a boiling point of -82C and, as a gas, is very soluble in perfluorohexane. It is found that such a mixture has very effective suppression capabilities.
  • a mixture containing perfluorohexane and trifluoromethane in a mole ratio of 2:1 i.e.
  • trifluoromethane about 9% by weight has been found to have a suppression capability of the same order as Halon 1301.
  • the dissolved gaseous trifluoromethane acts in the same way as the pressurising gas (e.g. nitrogen) referred to above (for atomising the perfluorohexane).
  • the trifluoromethane primarily acts, upon discharge of the mixture, by the resultant evaporation effect which causes the perfluorohexane to be rapidly and significantly cooled, and it is this cooling effect which primarily provides the beneficial suppression ability.
  • the trifluoromethane directly contributes to the fire suppression process.
  • Example 3 the perfluorohexane in the mixture described could be replaced by (or mixed with) one or more other partially or fully fluorinated hydrocarbons with boiling points above O C and preferably in the range +20C to +150C, such as those listed in Tables 1 and 2 above.
  • the trifluoromethane could be replaced by (or mixed with) one or more other hydrofluorocarbons and/or with one or more perfluorocarbons having a boiling point below O C.
  • these hydrofluorocarbons have zero ODP and are believed to be relatively non-toxic when used in the applications referred to.
  • the Figure shows the results of performance tests carried out for comparing the explosion suppression capabilities of certain of the suppression agents described above with each other and with Halon 1301.
  • the tests were carried out using a test vessel of 6.2m3 in volume.
  • a predetermined quantity, about 1 litre, of diesel fuel, prewarmed to 90C, is sprayed into the vessel and ignited.
  • the incipient explosion is detected by the rise in pressure (although this can be done optically by means of optical flame detectors known to those skilled in the art).
  • the contacts of a pressure switch are closed automatically, triggering discharge of the suppressant from one or more rapid-action suppressors into the test vessel.
  • a measure of the suppressant action is given by the maximum pressure (Pred) attained in the vessel. The lower this. parameter, the better is the suppression.
  • the horizontal axis plots the concentration of the injected suppression agent (in kilograms of agent per cubic metre of the test vessel).
  • the fluorinated hydrocarbons contained within the suppressors were pressurised to 52 bar with nitrogen gas.
  • Curve A shows the results obtained using Halon 1301, while curve B relates to atomised perfluorohexane (Example 1) and curve C relates to the mixture of perfluorohexane and trifluoromethane (Example 3) in a 2:1 mole ratio (i.e. about 9% by weight of trifluoromethane).
  • the Figure shows that the agents described give very effective suppression when used in concentrations only slightly greater than Halon 1301.
  • Table 4 tabulates the suppression performance, measured as described above, for perfluorohexane alone (Example 1 above) and for various mixtures of Example 3 above. Most of the mixtures shown are mixtures of perfluorohexane with a low boiling point fluorinated hydrofluorocarbon. For comparison, the Table also shows two known fire suppression agents, bromofluoromethane and bromochlorodifluoromethane.
  • the "minimum suppression concentration" in Table 4 is the minimum concentration required to obtain satisfactory suppression as defined above - that is, to produce Pred figures of less than 1 bar.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
EP93302037A 1992-03-21 1993-03-17 Feuerlöschende und explosionsunterdrückende Substanzen Withdrawn EP0562756A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9206204A GB2265309A (en) 1992-03-21 1992-03-21 Fire extinguishing methods using fluorinated hydrocarbons
GB9206204 1992-03-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0562756A1 true EP0562756A1 (de) 1993-09-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93302037A Withdrawn EP0562756A1 (de) 1992-03-21 1993-03-17 Feuerlöschende und explosionsunterdrückende Substanzen

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0562756A1 (de)
AU (1) AU3532193A (de)
GB (1) GB2265309A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693303A2 (de) 1994-07-21 1996-01-24 Kidde Technologies Inc. Abgabe von Zusammensetzungen welche Feuer und Explosion unterdrücken
EP0850090A1 (de) * 1995-09-15 1998-07-01 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Verfahren zur wasserstoffbrandunterdrückung
WO2002078790A2 (en) * 2001-03-29 2002-10-10 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression agent
US7084401B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2006-08-01 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited High sensitivity particle detection
EP1733764A3 (de) * 2001-03-29 2008-04-02 Kidde IP Holdings Limited Mittel zum Feuerlöschen und zur Explosionsunterdrückung
EP2153872A1 (de) 2008-07-23 2010-02-17 Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Folgen der unbeschränkten oder teilweise beschränkten Dampfwolkenexplosion
US20120037758A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2012-02-16 Karl F. Milde, Jr. Method and apparatus for treating fuel to temporarily reduce its combustibility
RU2444391C1 (ru) * 2010-07-30 2012-03-10 Тимур Рафкатович Тимербулатов Газовый состав для предотвращения воспламенения и взрыва метановоздушных смесей
US8662192B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2014-03-04 Kidde Ip Holding Limited Fire and explosion suppression

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999056830A1 (fr) * 1998-05-06 1999-11-11 Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Zakrytogo Tipa 'delivery Sistems International' Materiau d'extinction d'incendies a base d'une composition polymere
GB2370768A (en) * 2001-01-09 2002-07-10 Kidde Plc Fire and explosion suppression
KR102670535B1 (ko) 2023-12-29 2024-05-31 주식회사 이투케미칼 소화물질이 내장된 소방용 마이크로캡슐 및 이의 제조 방법

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991004766A1 (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-04-18 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fire extinguishing composition and process
EP0460991A1 (de) * 1990-06-08 1991-12-11 Elf Atochem S.A. Verwendung einer Fluoroalkane enthaltenden Zusammensetzung als Feuerlöschmittel
US5084190A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-01-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fire extinguishing composition and process
WO1992001491A1 (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-02-06 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Fire extinguishing methods utilizing perfluorocarbons

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR9006888A (pt) * 1989-08-21 1991-10-22 Great Lakes Chemical Corp Processos e misturas para extincao de chama utilizando hidrofluorcarbonetos
FR2662945B1 (fr) * 1990-06-08 1995-03-24 Atochem Utilisation d'un hydrogenofluoroalcane comme agent extincteur.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991004766A1 (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-04-18 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fire extinguishing composition and process
US5084190A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-01-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fire extinguishing composition and process
EP0460991A1 (de) * 1990-06-08 1991-12-11 Elf Atochem S.A. Verwendung einer Fluoroalkane enthaltenden Zusammensetzung als Feuerlöschmittel
WO1992001491A1 (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-02-06 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Fire extinguishing methods utilizing perfluorocarbons

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 85, no. 8, 1976, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 48936s, 'Mixed fire extinguisher' page 135 ; *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693303A2 (de) 1994-07-21 1996-01-24 Kidde Technologies Inc. Abgabe von Zusammensetzungen welche Feuer und Explosion unterdrücken
EP0850090A1 (de) * 1995-09-15 1998-07-01 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Verfahren zur wasserstoffbrandunterdrückung
EP0850090A4 (de) * 1995-09-15 1999-11-03 Great Lakes Chemical Corp Verfahren zur wasserstoffbrandunterdrückung
US7153446B2 (en) 2001-03-29 2006-12-26 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
WO2002078790A3 (en) * 2001-03-29 2003-03-20 Kidde Plc Fire and explosion suppression agent
WO2002078790A2 (en) * 2001-03-29 2002-10-10 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression agent
EP1733764A3 (de) * 2001-03-29 2008-04-02 Kidde IP Holdings Limited Mittel zum Feuerlöschen und zur Explosionsunterdrückung
US7084401B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2006-08-01 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited High sensitivity particle detection
US20120037758A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2012-02-16 Karl F. Milde, Jr. Method and apparatus for treating fuel to temporarily reduce its combustibility
US8662192B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2014-03-04 Kidde Ip Holding Limited Fire and explosion suppression
EP2153872A1 (de) 2008-07-23 2010-02-17 Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Folgen der unbeschränkten oder teilweise beschränkten Dampfwolkenexplosion
US10300316B2 (en) 2008-07-23 2019-05-28 Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy Method to mitigate the consequences of an unconfined or partially confined vapor cloud explosion
RU2444391C1 (ru) * 2010-07-30 2012-03-10 Тимур Рафкатович Тимербулатов Газовый состав для предотвращения воспламенения и взрыва метановоздушных смесей

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3532193A (en) 1993-09-23
GB2265309A (en) 1993-09-29
GB9206204D0 (en) 1992-05-06

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