EP0556540A2 - Electromagnetic relay - Google Patents

Electromagnetic relay Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0556540A2
EP0556540A2 EP93100029A EP93100029A EP0556540A2 EP 0556540 A2 EP0556540 A2 EP 0556540A2 EP 93100029 A EP93100029 A EP 93100029A EP 93100029 A EP93100029 A EP 93100029A EP 0556540 A2 EP0556540 A2 EP 0556540A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
bobbins
relay
flanges
relay according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93100029A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0556540B1 (en
EP0556540A3 (en
Inventor
Richard Allen Vernier
Thomas Henry Vaughn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Electromechanical Components Inc
Original Assignee
Siemens Electromechanical Components Inc
Potter and Brumfield Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Electromechanical Components Inc, Potter and Brumfield Inc filed Critical Siemens Electromechanical Components Inc
Publication of EP0556540A2 publication Critical patent/EP0556540A2/en
Publication of EP0556540A3 publication Critical patent/EP0556540A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0556540B1 publication Critical patent/EP0556540B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/005—Inversing contactors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H50/04—Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
    • H01H2050/049—Assembling or mounting multiple relays in one common housing

Definitions

  • the invention is a polarity reversal relay for direct current motors, two relay systems being connected with their contacts in a so-called "H-bridge circuit" according to FIGS. 8 to 10.
  • Relays of this type are preferably, but not exclusively, used in motor vehicles, for example for reversing the polarity of motors for window regulators, door locks, antenna adjustment, seat adjustment and sunroofs.
  • a relay of the type mentioned is already described in US-A-4,816,794.
  • this known relay two electromagnetic systems are arranged side by side, a common pair of mating contact elements being arranged on one side of the double relay.
  • the counter-contact elements must extend over the length of both systems, that is also have twice the length of a single relay unit. Accordingly, the contact space is relatively large compared to the total relay volume.
  • both relay units have bobbins with different designs, which also requires different molds and manufacturing steps for the production.
  • adjustment and coordination between the two relay units are problematic with this arrangement.
  • US Pat. No. 4,959,627 also describes a pole-reversal relay with a flat base body, on which two electromagnetic relay blocks and at least two fixed contact elements are fastened separately. The contact positions of this relay must be adjusted separately.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic relay of the type mentioned, in which the space required for the common contact system and, accordingly, for the total volume of the relay can be kept as small as possible. This also means that the number of different individual parts and parts as a whole is kept as low as possible, so as to minimize the costs for production, tools and assembly. The individual parts should be able to be assembled to one another as possible without additional fastening elements, with little or no adjustment being necessary.
  • this object is achieved with a relay of this type, that the two common counter-contact elements are arranged in the border area between the two coil bodies and form a common contact gap, that the two anchors face each other with their free ends and that the contacting ends of the two contact springs extend opposite one another in the contact gap.
  • the two common counter-contact elements are thus arranged in the border area between the two coil formers or magnet systems; thus the common contact gap only needs the width of a single electromagnetic system.
  • the two coil bodies are connected to one another in this boundary region, which can be done either by interlocking the locking elements of these two coil bodies themselves or by means of the counter-contact elements. Additional fastening parts are therefore not necessary.
  • the mating contact elements serve to position and hold the two coil bodies in their desired mutual position. This is done, for example, by means of projections in the form of barbs and / or by means of spreading spring elements which are in engagement with corresponding fastening elements of the coil former.
  • both bobbins can have an identical shape, which further reduces the manufacturing costs.
  • the electromagnetic relay shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 has two electromagnetic systems A and B with an identical configuration, which are connected symmetrically to one another. Therefore, the identical parts in the two electromagnetic systems have the same reference numerals, which are partially supplemented with the letters (A) or (B). Details of the coil form and the fixed counter-contact elements can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • Each electromagnet system has a coil former 1 with a tubular coil carrier 11, a first flange 12 at its upper end and a second flange 13 at its lower end.
  • the coil former 1 is provided with a coil 2, also with a core 10, a yoke 3, an armature 4 pivotably mounted on the end of the yoke 3 and a contact spring 5.
  • the contact spring 5 is connected to the armature 4 and has a rear end 51 which is fixed to the frame 3; thus the contact spring also serves to hold and reset the armature.
  • the yoke 3 is provided with a connection element 31 for the contact spring, and the coil 2 has a coil connection 21 in the usual way.
  • each contact spring has a contact end 52 which extends beyond the movable end 41 of the armature 4; this contact end of the contact spring is asymmetrical with respect to a center line of the armature or a center plane of the electromagnet system.
  • a movable contact piece 53 is attached to the contact end 52 of each contact spring 5.
  • the normally closed contact element 6 has a horizontal contact leg 61 and a vertical connecting leg 62
  • the normally open contact element 7 has a horizontal contact leg 71 and a vertical connecting leg 72.
  • Two normally closed contact pieces 63 and 64 are fastened on the contact leg 61, while two working contact pieces 73 and 74 are attached.
  • each of the first flanges 12 of the coil body 1 has two vertical projections 14 and 15.
  • a first groove 141 and a second groove 142 are provided, while in the projection 15 a first groove 151 and a second groove 152 are formed.
  • Each of these first and second grooves have a depth which corresponds to approximately half the width of the two contact legs 61 and 71.
  • the electromagnetic systems A and B are assembled by pressing the first flanges 12 and the second flanges 13 of both bobbins 1 (A) and 1 (B) against one another, with the fixed contact legs 61 and 71 being fastened between them.
  • the contact leg 61 is inserted into the first grooves or slots 141 and 151 of both bobbins 1 (A) and 1 (B), and the contact leg 71 is inserted accordingly into the second grooves 142 and 152 of the two bobbins.
  • the vertical offset (parallel to the respective coil axis) is largely reduced or avoided by a low-tolerance press fit of the contact legs in the respective grooves of the coil body.
  • the barbs 65, 66, 75 and 76 are each designed so that they experience a penetration with an associated projection 14 or 15 of the respective bobbin. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 and in the enlargement again in FIG. 7, the barbs dig into the side wall of the respective projection 14 or 15. The sharp inner corners of the barbs hold the spool in place when you try to pull it out. Radii on the front edges, on the other hand, make insertion easier the contact leg in the plastic bobbin 1.
  • the barbs 65, 66, 75 and 76 can also have a small twist if required. This design can be seen in FIG. 7 in two different views (see the enlarged detail on the right there).
  • the barbs Due to the twist, the barbs can also be twisted somewhat when inserted. This translates the change in shape that is required due to the partial penetration into a movement that rotates the barbs somewhat instead of bending them backwards. This reduces the risk of damage to the contact legs and coil formers during assembly by producing a lower spring rate than that which would occur if one tried to bend the metal in a direction perpendicular to its thickness. By generating the rotation over a length range of the barb instead of a bend precisely at the intersection between the barb and the contact leg, the stress concentration in the contact arm can be reduced.
  • directional lugs 131 are provided which fit into corresponding recesses 132 of the opposite bobbin.
  • a retaining tooth 133 is formed on one outside and a corresponding retaining tooth 134 on the opposite outside of the flange 13 in the vicinity of the boundary region between the two coil bodies.
  • the connecting leg 62 has a claw element with cut-out spreading spring lips 67 and 68, while the connecting leg 72 has corresponding spreading spring lips 77 and 78.
  • the connecting legs 62 and 72 are located between the opposite side gaps between the bent both bobbins.
  • the spreading spring lips 67 and 68 are pressed over the holding teeth 133 and 134 of the two coil formers on one side, while the spreading spring lips 77 and 78 are pressed over the holding teeth 133 and 134 on the opposite outside. Since the spreading spring lips form a penetration with the holding teeth 133 and 134, the opposite flanges 13 of the two coil formers are locked together; this also ensures a vertical alignment of the two coil formers.
  • FIG. 5 shows the expanding claw on a broken-off detail of the connecting leg 62 alone with a slight modification.
  • the spreading spring lips 67 'and 68' are shown in a sawtooth shape. In this embodiment, the sliding of the spring lips over the corresponding holding teeth 133 and 134 is facilitated.
  • the relay arrangement is arranged on a base plate 8 and enclosed in a cap 9.
  • the housing thus formed is then sealed with a sealant or adhesive in a conventional manner, preferably by a method described in US-A-4,810,831.
  • FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 show different contact configurations when reversing the polarity of a motor M.
  • the normally closed contact pieces and the working contact pieces 63, 64 and 73, 74 are jointly connected to the mating contact legs 61 and 71, and the movable contact pieces 53 (A) and 53 (B) switch between them according to Figures 8 to 10. It is assumed that the normally closed contact element 6 is connected to ground, while the normally open contact element 7 is connected to a direct voltage, for example 14 V.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

The relay is preferably used as polarity reversal relay for operating direct-current motors in two directions. <??>It consists of two electromagnetic systems (A, B) which are combined in a common housing, their contacts (5, 6, 7) being connected in a so-called "H-bridge circuit". Each of the two electromagnetic systems has a moving contact element (5), whereas both systems together exhibit a common pair of countercontact elements, namely a normally-closed contact element (6) and a normally-open contact element (7). Both electromagnetic systems each have a coil former (1) which are preferably of identical construction and are attached to one another by means of the common countercontact elements (6, 7) so that no additional mounting elements are needed. This keeps down the number of parts; the type of mutual attachment also largely reduces the expenditure for adjustment. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektromagnetisches Relais, das folgende Merkmale aufweist:

  • a) zwei Elektromagnetsysteme mit je einem Spulenkörper, der zwischen zwei Flanschen eine Wicklung trägt, mit je einem Kern, einem Joch und einem an dem Joch schwenkbar gelagerten Anker und mit jeweils einer beweglichen, von dem Anker betätigbaren Kontaktfeder, die mit einem kontaktgebenden Ende über das bewegliche Ende des Ankers hinausragt,
    wobei die beiden Spulenkörper nebeneinander angeordnet und mit Befestigungselementen miteinander verbunden sind, welche jeweils zumindest mit einem der beiden Flansche in Eingriff sind, und
  • b) ein gemeinsames Paar von feststehenden Gegenkontaktelementen, zwischen denen die kontaktgebenden Enden der beweglichen Kontaktfedern umschaltbar sind.
The invention relates to an electromagnetic relay, which has the following features:
  • a) two electromagnetic systems, each with a coil body, which carries a winding between two flanges, each with a core, a yoke and an arm pivotally mounted on the yoke and each with a movable contact spring which can be actuated by the armature and which has a contacting end the movable end of the anchor protrudes,
    wherein the two coil formers are arranged next to one another and are connected to one another with fastening elements, which are each in engagement with at least one of the two flanges, and
  • b) a common pair of fixed mating contact elements, between which the contacting ends of the movable contact springs can be switched.

Insbesondere handelt es sich bei der Erfindung um ein Umpolrelais für Gleichstrommotoren, wobei zwei Relaissysteme mit ihren Kontakten in einer sogenannten "H-Brückenschaltung" gemäß den Figuren 8 bis 10 verbunden sind. Relais dieser Art werden vorzugsweise, jedoch nicht ausschließlich, in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet, beispielsweise zur Umpolung von Motoren für Fensterheber, Türverriegelungen, Antennenverstellung, Sitzverstellung und Schiebedächer.In particular, the invention is a polarity reversal relay for direct current motors, two relay systems being connected with their contacts in a so-called "H-bridge circuit" according to FIGS. 8 to 10. Relays of this type are preferably, but not exclusively, used in motor vehicles, for example for reversing the polarity of motors for window regulators, door locks, antenna adjustment, seat adjustment and sunroofs.

Ein Relais der eingangs genannten Art ist bereits in der US-A-4,816,794 beschrieben. Bei diesem bekannten Relais sind zwei Elektromagnetsysteme nebeneinander angeordnet, wobei ein gemeinsames Paar von Gegenkontaktelementen auf einer Seite des Doppelrelais angeordnet ist. Somit müssen sich die Gegenkontaktelemente über die Länge beider Systeme erstrecken, also auch die doppelte Länge einer einzelnen Relaiseinheit aufweisen. Entsprechend ist der Kontaktraum, verglichen mit dem gesamten Relaisvolumen, verhältnismäßig groß. Außerdem besitzen bei dieser Anordnung beide Relaiseinheiten Spulenkörper mit unterschiedlicher Gestaltung, was für die Herstellung auch unterschiedliche Gußformen und Herstellungsschritte erfordert. Zudem sind Justierung und Abstimmung zwischen beiden Relaiseinheiten bei dieser Anordnung problematisch.A relay of the type mentioned is already described in US-A-4,816,794. In this known relay, two electromagnetic systems are arranged side by side, a common pair of mating contact elements being arranged on one side of the double relay. Thus, the counter-contact elements must extend over the length of both systems, that is also have twice the length of a single relay unit. Accordingly, the contact space is relatively large compared to the total relay volume. In addition, with this arrangement, both relay units have bobbins with different designs, which also requires different molds and manufacturing steps for the production. In addition, adjustment and coordination between the two relay units are problematic with this arrangement.

In der US-A-4,959,627 ist weiterhin ein Umpolrelais mit einem flachen Grundkörper beschrieben, auf welchem zwei elektromagnetische Relaisblöcke und mindestens zwei feststehende Kontaktelemente getrennt befestigt sind. Die Kontaktpositionen müssen bei diesem Relais jeweils getrennt einjustiert werden.US Pat. No. 4,959,627 also describes a pole-reversal relay with a flat base body, on which two electromagnetic relay blocks and at least two fixed contact elements are fastened separately. The contact positions of this relay must be adjusted separately.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein elektromagnetisches Relais der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem der Platzbedarf für das gemeinsame Kontaktsystem und entsprechend für das Gesamtvolumen des Relais möglichst klein gehalten werden kann. Dazu gehört auch, daß die Anzahl an unterschiedlichen Einzelteilen und an Teilen insgesamt möglichst gering gehalten wird, um so die Kosten für Herstellung, für Werkzeuge und Montage zu minimieren. Die Einzelteile sollen dabei möglichst ohne zusätzliche Befestigungselemente aneinander montiert werden können, wobei keine oder nur eine geringe Nachjustierung erforderlich ist.The object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic relay of the type mentioned, in which the space required for the common contact system and, accordingly, for the total volume of the relay can be kept as small as possible. This also means that the number of different individual parts and parts as a whole is kept as low as possible, so as to minimize the costs for production, tools and assembly. The individual parts should be able to be assembled to one another as possible without additional fastening elements, with little or no adjustment being necessary.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe bei einem derartigen Relais damit gelöst,
daß die beiden gemeinsamen Gegenkontaktelemente im Grenzbereich zwischen beiden Spulenkörpern angeordnet sind und einen gemeinsamen Kontaktspalt bilden,
daß die beiden Anker einander mit ihren freien Enden gegenüberstehen und
daß die kontaktgebenden Enden der beiden Kontaktfedern sich entgegengesetzt nebeneinander in den Kontaktspalt erstrecken.According to the invention, this object is achieved with a relay of this type,
that the two common counter-contact elements are arranged in the border area between the two coil bodies and form a common contact gap,
that the two anchors face each other with their free ends and
that the contacting ends of the two contact springs extend opposite one another in the contact gap.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Relais sind also die beiden gemeinsamen Gegenkontaktelemente im Grenzbereich zwischen den beiden Spulenkörpern bzw. Magnetsystemen angeordnet; somit benötigt der gemeinsame Kontaktspalt lediglich die Breite eines einzigen Elektromagnetsystems. Außerdem sind die beiden Spulenkörper in diesem Grenzbereich miteinander verbunden, was entweder mittels Ineinandergreifen der Verriegelungselemente dieser beiden Spulenkörper selbst oder mittels der Gegenkontaktelemente erfolgen kann. Zusätzliche Befestigungsteile sind somit nicht erforderlich. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform dienen also die Gegenkontaktelemente dazu, die beiden Spulenkörper in ihrer gewünschten gegenseitigen Stellung zu positionieren und festzuhalten. Dies geschieht beispielsweise durch Vorsprünge in Form von Widerhaken und/oder mittels Spreizfederelementen, welche mit entsprechenden Befestigungselementen der Spulenkörper in Eingriff sind.In the relay according to the invention, the two common counter-contact elements are thus arranged in the border area between the two coil formers or magnet systems; thus the common contact gap only needs the width of a single electromagnetic system. In addition, the two coil bodies are connected to one another in this boundary region, which can be done either by interlocking the locking elements of these two coil bodies themselves or by means of the counter-contact elements. Additional fastening parts are therefore not necessary. In a preferred embodiment, the mating contact elements serve to position and hold the two coil bodies in their desired mutual position. This is done, for example, by means of projections in the form of barbs and / or by means of spreading spring elements which are in engagement with corresponding fastening elements of the coil former.

Durch paßgenaues Einstecken der Gegenkontaktelemente in entsprechende Schlitze oder Nuten beider gegenüberliegender Spulenkörper erreicht man zugleich, daß ein vertikaler Versatz (d. h. ein Versatz in Richtung der Spulenachsen) weitgehend ausgeschlossen wird. Die vertikale Ausrichtung der beiden Systeme wird zusätzlich verbessert durch klammer- oder klauenförmige Befestigungselemente der Gegenkontaktelemente bzw. ihrer Anschlußschenkel, die mit entsprechenden Angriffspartien der Spulenkörper zusammenwirken. Mit derartigen Mitteln werden die beiden Spulenkörper fest miteinander verbunden und zugleich auch in ihren Kontaktbereichen ausgerichtet.By inserting the mating contact elements into the corresponding slots or grooves of the two opposite coil bodies in a precisely fitting manner, it is at the same time achieved that a vertical offset (i.e. an offset in the direction of the coil axes) is largely excluded. The vertical alignment of the two systems is additionally improved by clip-shaped or claw-shaped fastening elements of the mating contact elements or their connecting legs, which cooperate with corresponding attack parts of the coil formers. With such means, the two coil formers are firmly connected to one another and at the same time also aligned in their contact areas.

Durch die Befestigung der Gegenkontaktelemente in vorgeformten Nuten der Spulenkörper werden auch gleichbleibend toleranzarme Kontaktspalte und Abstände zwischen Kontakten und Spulenkörpern sichergestellt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist auch, daß bei dieser erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung beide Spulenkörper identische Gestalt haben können, wodurch sich die Herstellungskosten weiter vermindern lassen.By fixing the counter-contact elements in pre-formed grooves of the coil formers, consistently low-tolerance contact gaps and distances between contacts and coil formers are also ensured. It is also particularly advantageous that in this arrangement according to the invention, both bobbins can have an identical shape, which further reduces the manufacturing costs.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 eine Seitenansicht eines Umpolrelais nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
  • Figur 2 eine Ansicht von oben auf das Relais von Figur 1 ohne Kappe,
  • Figur 3 die gleiche Ansicht von oben wie in Figur 2, jedoch ohne das obere feststehende Gegenkontaktelement,
  • Figur 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht zweier Spulenkörper mit zwei Gegenkontaktelementen im Zustand vor der Montage,
  • Figur 5 eine Seitenansicht eines Details aus Figur 1, welches die Verbindung zweier Spulenkörperflansche mittels eines Gegenkontaktelementes zeigt,
  • Figur 6 einen Ausschnitt eines Gegenkontaktelementes mit einer gegenüber Figur 5 abgewandelten Gestaltung,
  • Figur 7 eine Ansicht von oben auf ein Detail von Figur 2 zur Darstellung der Verankerung zwischen einem Gegenkontaktelement und zwei Spulenkörpern mittels Widerhaken, außerdem vergrößerte Detaildarstellungen verschiedener Widerhakenformen in verschiedenen Ansichten,
  • Figuren 8, 9 und 10 ein Schaltschema eines Gleichstrommotors in einer Umpolschaltung mit verschiedenen Kontaktstellungen eines Umpolrelais.
The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a polarity reversal relay according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the relay from FIG. 1 without a cap,
  • 3 shows the same view from above as in FIG. 2, but without the upper fixed mating contact element,
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of two coil formers with two mating contact elements in the state before assembly,
  • FIG. 5 shows a side view of a detail from FIG. 1, which shows the connection of two coil former flanges by means of a counter-contact element,
  • FIG. 6 shows a section of a mating contact element with a design modified compared to FIG. 5,
  • 7 shows a view from above of a detail from FIG. 2 to show the anchoring between a counter-contact element and two coil bodies by means of barbs, and also enlarged detailed representations of different barb shapes in different views,
  • FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 show a circuit diagram of a direct current motor in a polarity reversal circuit with different contact positions of a polarity reversal relay.

Das in den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 gezeigte elektromagnetische Relais besitzt zwei Elektromagnetsysteme A und B mit identischer Konfiguration, welche symmetrisch miteinander verbunden sind. Deshalb tragen die identischen Teile in den beiden Elektromagnetsystemen die gleichen Bezugszeichen, welche teilweise mit den Buchstaben (A) oder (B) ergänzt sind. Einzelheiten der Spulenkörper und der feststehenden Gegenkontaktelemente sind in Figur 4 zu sehen.The electromagnetic relay shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 has two electromagnetic systems A and B with an identical configuration, which are connected symmetrically to one another. Therefore, the identical parts in the two electromagnetic systems have the same reference numerals, which are partially supplemented with the letters (A) or (B). Details of the coil form and the fixed counter-contact elements can be seen in FIG. 4.

Jedes Elektromagnetsystem besitzt einen Spulenkörper 1 mit einem rohrförmigen Spulenträger 11, einem ersten Flansch 12 an seinem oberen Ende und einem zweiten Flansch 13 an seinem unteren Ende.Each electromagnet system has a coil former 1 with a tubular coil carrier 11, a first flange 12 at its upper end and a second flange 13 at its lower end.

Der Spulenkörper 1 ist mit einer Spule 2 versehen, außerdem mit einem Kern 10, einem Joch 3, einem schwenkbar an dem Ende des Joches 3 gelagerten Anker 4 und einer Kontaktfeder 5. Die Kontaktfeder 5 ist mit dem Anker 4 verbunden und besitzt ein rückwärtiges Ende 51, welches an dem Rahmen 3 befestigt ist; somit dient die Kontaktfeder auch zur Halterung und Rückstellung des Ankers. Das Joch 3 ist mit einem Anschlußelement 31 für die Kontaktfeder versehen, und die Spule 2 besitzt in üblicher Weise einen Spulenanschluß 21.The coil former 1 is provided with a coil 2, also with a core 10, a yoke 3, an armature 4 pivotably mounted on the end of the yoke 3 and a contact spring 5. The contact spring 5 is connected to the armature 4 and has a rear end 51 which is fixed to the frame 3; thus the contact spring also serves to hold and reset the armature. The yoke 3 is provided with a connection element 31 for the contact spring, and the coil 2 has a coil connection 21 in the usual way.

Wie in Figur 3 gezeigt ist, besitzt jede Kontaktfeder ein Kontaktende 52, welches sich über das bewegliche Ende 41 des Ankers 4 hinaus erstreckt; dieses Kontaktende der Kontaktfeder ist bezüglich einer Mittellinie des Ankers bzw. einer Mittelebene des Elektromagnetsystems asymmetrisch. Auf dem Kontaktende 52 einer jeden Kontaktfeder 5 ist jeweils ein bewegliches Kontaktstück 53 befestigt.As shown in Figure 3, each contact spring has a contact end 52 which extends beyond the movable end 41 of the armature 4; this contact end of the contact spring is asymmetrical with respect to a center line of the armature or a center plane of the electromagnet system. A movable contact piece 53 is attached to the contact end 52 of each contact spring 5.

Zwei feststehende Gegenkontaktelemente, nämlich ein Ruhekontaktelement 6 und ein Arbeitskontaktelement 7, sind für beide Elektromagnetsysteme gemeinsam vorgesehen. Das Ruhekontaktelement 6 besitzt einen horizontalen Kontaktschenkel 61 und einen vertikalen Anschlußschenkel 62, und das Arbeitskontaktelement 7 besitzt einen horizontalen Kontaktschenkel 71 und einen vertikalen Anschlußschenkel 72. Auf dem Kontaktschenkel 61 sind zwei Ruhekontaktstücke 63 und 64 befestigt, während auf dem Kontaktschenkel 71 zwei Arbeitskontaktstücke 73 und 74 befestigt sind. Außerdem besitzt der Kontaktschenkel 61 Widerhaken 65 auf einer Seite und Widerhaken 66 auf der anderen Seite, während der Kontaktschenkel 71 Widerhaken 75 auf einer Seite und Widerhaken 76 auf der anderen Seite aufweist.Two fixed mating contact elements, namely a normally closed contact element 6 and a normally open contact element 7, are provided jointly for both electromagnet systems. The normally closed contact element 6 has a horizontal contact leg 61 and a vertical connecting leg 62, and the normally open contact element 7 has a horizontal contact leg 71 and a vertical connecting leg 72. Two normally closed contact pieces 63 and 64 are fastened on the contact leg 61, while two working contact pieces 73 and 74 are attached. In addition, the contact leg 61 Barbs 65 on one side and barbs 66 on the other side, while the contact leg 71 has barbs 75 on one side and barbs 76 on the other side.

Zur Aufnahme der Kontaktschenkel 61 und 62 besitzt jeder der jeweils ersten Flansche 12 des Spulenkörpers 1 zwei vertikale Vorsprünge 14 und 15. In dem Vorsprung 14 sind eine erste Nut 141 sowie eine zweite Nut 142 vorgesehen, während in dem Vorsprung 15 eine erste Nut 151 und eine zweite Nut 152 ausgebildet sind. Jede dieser ersten und zweiten Nuten besitzen eine Tiefe, welche etwa der Hälfte der Breite der beiden Kontaktschenkel 61 und 71 entspricht.For receiving the contact legs 61 and 62, each of the first flanges 12 of the coil body 1 has two vertical projections 14 and 15. In the projection 14, a first groove 141 and a second groove 142 are provided, while in the projection 15 a first groove 151 and a second groove 152 are formed. Each of these first and second grooves have a depth which corresponds to approximately half the width of the two contact legs 61 and 71.

Bei der Montage des Relais werden die Elektromagnetsysteme A und B zusammengefügt, indem die ersten Flansche 12 und die zweiten Flansche 13 beider Spulenkörper 1 (A) und 1 (B) gegeneinander gedrückt werden, wobei die feststehenden Kontaktschenkel 61 und 71 dazwischen befestigt werden. Im einzelnen wird dabei der Kontaktschenkel 61 in die ersten Nuten oder Schlitze 141 und 151 beider Spulenkörper 1 (A) und 1 (B) eingefügt, und der Kontaktschenkel 71 wird entsprechend in die zweiten Nuten 142 und 152 der beiden Spulenkörper eingesetzt. Durch eine toleranzarme Preßpassung der Kontaktschenkel in den jeweiligen Nuten der Spulenkörper wird der vertikale Versatz (parallel zur jeweiligen Spulenachse) weitgehend reduziert oder vermieden.When assembling the relay, the electromagnetic systems A and B are assembled by pressing the first flanges 12 and the second flanges 13 of both bobbins 1 (A) and 1 (B) against one another, with the fixed contact legs 61 and 71 being fastened between them. Specifically, the contact leg 61 is inserted into the first grooves or slots 141 and 151 of both bobbins 1 (A) and 1 (B), and the contact leg 71 is inserted accordingly into the second grooves 142 and 152 of the two bobbins. The vertical offset (parallel to the respective coil axis) is largely reduced or avoided by a low-tolerance press fit of the contact legs in the respective grooves of the coil body.

Um eine Trennung der beiden Spulenkörper an ihrer Oberseite zu verhindern, sind die Widerhaken 65, 66, 75 und 76 jeweils so gestaltet, daß sie eine Durchdringung mit einem jeweils zugehörigen Vorsprung 14 bzw. 15 des jeweiligen Spulenkörpers erfahren. Wie in den Figuren 2 und 3 und in der Vergrößerung nochmals in Figur 7 zu sehen ist, graben sich die Widerhaken in die Seitenwand des jeweiligen Vorsprungs 14 bzw. 15 ein. Die scharfen inneren Ecken der Widerhaken halten den Spulenkörper fest, wenn man versucht, sie herauszuziehen. Radien an den vorderen Kanten erleichtern andererseits das Einsetzen der Kontaktschenkel in den Kunststoff-Spulenkörper 1. Die Widerhaken 65, 66, 75 und 76 können nach Bedarf auch eine kleine Verdrallung aufweisen. Diese Gestaltung ist in Figur 7 in zwei unterschiedlichen Ansichten zu sehen (siehe dort die rechte Detailvergrößerung).In order to prevent a separation of the two bobbins on their upper side, the barbs 65, 66, 75 and 76 are each designed so that they experience a penetration with an associated projection 14 or 15 of the respective bobbin. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 and in the enlargement again in FIG. 7, the barbs dig into the side wall of the respective projection 14 or 15. The sharp inner corners of the barbs hold the spool in place when you try to pull it out. Radii on the front edges, on the other hand, make insertion easier the contact leg in the plastic bobbin 1. The barbs 65, 66, 75 and 76 can also have a small twist if required. This design can be seen in FIG. 7 in two different views (see the enlarged detail on the right there).

Durch die Verdrallung können die Widerhaken beim Einsetzen zusätzlich etwas verdreht werden. Hierdurch wird die Formveränderung, welche aufgrund der Teildurchdringung erforderlich wird, in eine Bewegung umgesetzt, welche die Widerhaken etwas dreht, anstatt sie rückwärts zu biegen. Dadurch wird die Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Kontaktschenkel und der Spulenkörper bei der Montage vermindert, indem eine geringere Federrate erzeugt wird als die welche aufträte, wenn man versuchen wollte, das Metall in einer Richtung rechtwinklig zu seiner Dicke zu biegen. Durch Erzeugung der Drehung über einen Längenbereich des Widerhakens anstelle einer Verbiegung gerade am Schnittpunkt zwischen Widerhaken und Kontaktschenkel kann die Spannungskonzentration in dem Kontaktarm vermindert werden.Due to the twist, the barbs can also be twisted somewhat when inserted. This translates the change in shape that is required due to the partial penetration into a movement that rotates the barbs somewhat instead of bending them backwards. This reduces the risk of damage to the contact legs and coil formers during assembly by producing a lower spring rate than that which would occur if one tried to bend the metal in a direction perpendicular to its thickness. By generating the rotation over a length range of the barb instead of a bend precisely at the intersection between the barb and the contact leg, the stress concentration in the contact arm can be reduced.

Um die zweiten Flansche 13 der Spulenkörper zueinander auszurichten, sind Richtnasen 131 vorgesehen, welche in entsprechende Ausnehmungen 132 des jeweils gegenüberliegenden Spulenkörpers passen. Außerdem ist in der Nähe des Grenzbereiches zwischen beiden Spulenkörpern ein Haltezahn 133 an der einen Außenseite und ein entsprechender Haltezahn 134 an der gegenüberliegenden Außenseite des Flansches 13 angeformt. Zusätzlich besitzt der Anschlußschenkel 62 ein Krallenelement mit freigeschnittenen Spreizfederlippen 67 und 68, während der Anschlußschenkel 72 entsprechende Spreizfederlippen 77 und 78 aufweist. Nach dem Zusammenfügen der beiden Spulenkörper 1 (A) und 1 (B) durch Einfügen der Kontaktschenkel 61 und 71 in die entsprechenden Nuten 141, 151, 142 und 152 der beiden Spulenkörper werden die Anschlußschenkel 62 und 72 über die einander gegenüberliegenden seitlichen Spalte zwischen den beiden Spulenkörpern gebogen. Die Spreizfederlippen 67 und 68 werden über die Haltezähne 133 und 134 der beiden Spulenkörper auf der einen Seite gedrückt, während die Spreizfederlippen 77 und 78 über die Haltezähne 133 und 134 auf der entgegengesetzten Außenseite gedrückt werden. Da die Spreizfederlippen mit den Haltezähnen 133 und 134 eine Durchdringung bilden, werden die gegenüberliegenden Flansche 13 der beiden Spulenkörper miteinander verriegelt; auch eine senkrechte Ausrichtung der beiden Spulenkörper wird dadurch gewährleistet.In order to align the second flanges 13 of the bobbins with one another, directional lugs 131 are provided which fit into corresponding recesses 132 of the opposite bobbin. In addition, a retaining tooth 133 is formed on one outside and a corresponding retaining tooth 134 on the opposite outside of the flange 13 in the vicinity of the boundary region between the two coil bodies. In addition, the connecting leg 62 has a claw element with cut-out spreading spring lips 67 and 68, while the connecting leg 72 has corresponding spreading spring lips 77 and 78. After the two bobbins 1 (A) and 1 (B) have been joined together by inserting the contact legs 61 and 71 into the corresponding grooves 141, 151, 142 and 152 of the two bobbins, the connecting legs 62 and 72 are located between the opposite side gaps between the bent both bobbins. The spreading spring lips 67 and 68 are pressed over the holding teeth 133 and 134 of the two coil formers on one side, while the spreading spring lips 77 and 78 are pressed over the holding teeth 133 and 134 on the opposite outside. Since the spreading spring lips form a penetration with the holding teeth 133 and 134, the opposite flanges 13 of the two coil formers are locked together; this also ensures a vertical alignment of the two coil formers.

Das Klauenelement ist im Detail in Figur 5 mit einer vergrößerten Seitenansicht gezeigt. Figur 6 zeigt die Spreizklaue an einer abgebrochenen Einzelheit des Anschlußschenkels 62 allein mit einer leichten Abwandlung. Bei dieser abgewandelten Ausführungsform sind die Spreizfederlippen 67' und 68' sägezahnförmig dargestellt. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung wird das Aufschieben der Federlippen über die entsprechenden Haltezähne 133 und 134 erleichtert.The claw element is shown in detail in FIG. 5 with an enlarged side view. FIG. 6 shows the expanding claw on a broken-off detail of the connecting leg 62 alone with a slight modification. In this modified embodiment, the spreading spring lips 67 'and 68' are shown in a sawtooth shape. In this embodiment, the sliding of the spring lips over the corresponding holding teeth 133 and 134 is facilitated.

Wie in den Figuren 1 bis 3 gezeigt ist, ist die Relaisanordnung auf einer Grundplatte 8 angeordnet und in einer Kappe 9 eingeschlossen. Das so gebildete Gehäuse wird dann mit einem Dichtungsmittel oder Kleber in herkömmlicher Weise abgedichtet, vorzugsweise nach einer Methode, welche in der US-A-4,810,831 beschrieben ist.As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the relay arrangement is arranged on a base plate 8 and enclosed in a cap 9. The housing thus formed is then sealed with a sealant or adhesive in a conventional manner, preferably by a method described in US-A-4,810,831.

Die Figuren 8, 9 und 10 zeigen unterschiedliche Kontaktkonfigurationen beim Umpolen eines Motors M. Die Ruhekontaktstücke und die Arbeitskontaktstücke 63, 64 bzw. 73, 74 sind gemeinsam an die Gegenkontaktschenkel 61 bzw. 71 angeschlossen, und die beweglichen Kontaktstücke 53 (A) und 53 (B) schalten zwischen ihnen entsprechend den Figuren 8 bis 10 um. Es sei angenommen, daß das Ruhekontaktelement 6 mit Masse verbunden ist, während das Arbeitskontaktelement 7 an eine Gleichspannung, beispielsweise 14 V, angeschlossen ist.FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 show different contact configurations when reversing the polarity of a motor M. The normally closed contact pieces and the working contact pieces 63, 64 and 73, 74 are jointly connected to the mating contact legs 61 and 71, and the movable contact pieces 53 (A) and 53 (B) switch between them according to Figures 8 to 10. It is assumed that the normally closed contact element 6 is connected to ground, while the normally open contact element 7 is connected to a direct voltage, for example 14 V.

Bei Erregung der Spule 2 (A) wird das bewegliche Kontaktstück 53 (A) angezogen, und damit wird die Schaltung gemäß Figur 8 erzeugt (der Motor läuft vorwärts). Bei Erregung der Spule 2 (B) wird das bewegliche Kontaktstück 53 (B) angezogen, was in der Schaltung gemäß Figur 10 resultiert (der Motor läuft rückwärts).When the coil 2 (A) is excited, the movable contact piece 53 (A) is attracted, and the circuit according to FIG. 8 is thus generated (the motor runs forward). When the coil 2 (B) is excited, the movable contact piece 53 (B) is attracted, which results in the circuit according to FIG. 10 (the motor runs in reverse).

Wenn keine Spule erregt ist, ergibt sich die Schaltung von Figur 9. Diese Konfiguration erzeugt einen Strompfad geringer Impedanz für den Strom, der vom Motor erzeugt wird, wenn eine der Spulen 2 (A) oder 2 (B) abgeschaltet wird. Das ergibt einen Effekt, der gewöhnlich als dynamisches Bremsen bezeichnet wird und den Motor schnell zum Stillstand bringt.If no coil is energized, the circuit of Figure 9 results. This configuration creates a low impedance current path for the current generated by the motor when either coil 2 (A) or 2 (B) is turned off. This results in an effect that is commonly referred to as dynamic braking and quickly stops the engine.

Claims (11)

Elektromagnetisches Relais, das folgende Merkmale aufweist: a) zwei Elektromagnetsysteme (A, B) mit je einem Spulenkörper (1), der zwischen zwei Flanschen (12, 13) eine Wicklung (2) trägt, mit je einem Kern (10), einem Joch (3) und einem an dem Joch schwenkbar gelagerten Anker (4) und mit jeweils einer beweglichen, von dem Anker betätigbaren Kontaktfeder (5), die mit einem kontaktgebenden Ende (52) über das bewegliche Ende des Ankers hinausragt, wobei die beiden Spulenkörper (1) nebeneinander angeordnet und mit Befestigungselementen miteinander verbunden sind, welche jeweils zumindest mit einem der beiden Flansche (12, 13) in Eingriff sind und b) ein gemeinsames Paar von Gegenkontaktelementen (6, 7), zwischen denen die kontaktgebenden Enden (52) der beweglichen Kontaktfedern (5) umschaltbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die beiden gemeinsamen Gegenkontaktelemente (6, 7) im Grenzbereich zwischen beiden Spulenkörpern (1) angeordnet sind und einen gemeinsamen Kontaktspalt bilden,
daß die beiden Anker (4) einander mit ihren freien Enden (41) gegenüberstehen und
daß die kontaktgebenden Enden (52) der beiden Kontaktfedern (5) sich entgegengesetzt nebeneinander in den Kontaktspalt erstrecken.Electromagnetic relay, which has the following features: a) two electromagnetic systems (A, B), each with a coil former (1), which carries a winding (2) between two flanges (12, 13), each with a core (10), a yoke (3) and one on the Armature (4) with pivotable yoke and each with a movable contact spring (5) which can be actuated by the armature and which projects with a contacting end (52) beyond the movable end of the armature, the two coil formers (1) being arranged next to one another and with fastening elements are connected to one another, which are each in engagement with at least one of the two flanges (12, 13) and b) a common pair of counter-contact elements (6, 7) between which the contacting ends (52) of the movable contact springs (5) can be switched, characterized,
that the two common counter-contact elements (6, 7) are arranged in the border area between the two coil bodies (1) and form a common contact gap,
that the two anchors (4) face each other with their free ends (41) and
that the contacting ends (52) of the two contact springs (5) extend opposite one another in the contact gap. Relais nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die beiden Spulenkörper (1) in einem ihrer Flansche (12) miteinander fluchtende Nuten (141, 142; 151, 152) aufweisen, in denen die beiden feststehenden Gegenkontaktelemente (6, 7) durch Einstecken befestigt sind.Relay according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the two bobbins (1) in one of their flanges (12) have mutually aligned grooves (141, 142; 151, 152) in which the two fixed mating contact elements (6, 7) are fastened by insertion. Relais nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die beiden Spulenkörper (1) mit jeweils beiden Flanschen (12, 13) aneinander befestigt sind, wobei die Befestigung mittels angeformter und ineinandergreifender Vorsprünge (131) und Ausnehmungen (132) und/oder mittels der in Ausnehmungen (141, 142, 151, 152) eingreifenden Gegenkontaktelemente (6, 7) erfolgt.Relay according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the two bobbins (1) are each fastened to one another with two flanges (12, 13), the fastening by means of integrally formed and interlocking projections (131) and recesses (132) and / or by means of the recesses (141, 142, 151, 152) engaging counter-contact elements (6, 7). Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß beide Spulenkörper (1) identische Form aufweisen.Relay according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that both bobbins (1) have an identical shape. Relais nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die beiden Spulenkörper (1) jeweils asymmetrisch angeformte, komplementäre Vorsprünge (131) und Ausnehmungen (132) aufweisen.Relay according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the two bobbins (1) each have asymmetrically shaped, complementary projections (131) and recesses (132). Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die feststehenden Gegenkontaktelemente (6, 7) mittels angeformter Widerhaken (65, 66; 75, 76) jeweils in beiden Spulenkörpern (1) verankert sind.Relay according to one of Claims 3 to 5,
characterized,
that the fixed counter-contact elements (6, 7) are each anchored in both bobbins (1) by means of molded barbs (65, 66; 75, 76). Relais nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Widerhaken (65, 66; 75, 76) verdrallt sind.Relay according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the barbs (65, 66; 75, 76) are twisted. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die die Gegenkontaktelemente tragenden Flansche (12) der beiden Spulenkörper (1) jeweils an gegenüberliegenden Außenseiten vorspringende Stützen (14, 15) aufweisen, in denen die beiden Gegenkontaktelemente (6, 7) befestigt sind und zwischen denen sie einen Kontaktbereich bilden.Relay according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that the flanges (12) of the two coil bodies (1) carrying the counter-contact elements each have protruding supports (14, 15) on opposite outer sides, in which the two counter-contact elements (6, 7) are fastened and between which they form a contact area. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß beide Spulenkörper (1) mit bezüglich der Relais-Anschlußseite senkrecht stehenden Achsen nebeneinander angeordnet sind, daß die Gegenkontaktelemente (6, 7) jeweils mit Kontaktschenkeln (61, 71) parallel zur Anschlußseite im Grenzbereich zwischen den oben liegenden Flanschen (12) der beiden Spulenkörper (1) angeordnet und in diesen verankert sind, daß jedes der Gegenkontaktelemente (6, 7) einen senkrecht zur Anschlußseite verlaufenden Anschlußschenkel (62, 72) bildet und
daß die beiden Anschlußschenkel (62, 72) an gegenüberliegenden Außenseiten im Grenzbereich zwischen beiden Spulenkörpern (1) zur Anschlußseite geführt sind, wobei sie jeweils mit beiden unten liegenden Flanschen (13) der Spulenkörper (1) in Eingriff sind.Relay according to one of Claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that both bobbins (1) are arranged next to each other with axes perpendicular to the relay connection side, that the counter-contact elements (6, 7) each with contact legs (61, 71) parallel to the connection side in the border area between the flanges (12) on top of the two Coil bodies (1) are arranged and anchored in them so that each of the mating contact elements (6, 7) forms a connecting leg (62, 72) running perpendicular to the connection side and
that the two connecting legs (62, 72) are guided on opposite outer sides in the border area between the two bobbins (1) to the connecting side, wherein they are each in engagement with the two flanges (13) of the bobbin (1) below. Relais nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die unten liegenden Flansche (13) der beiden Spulenkörper (1) jeweils an ihrer Außenseite Verriegelungselemente (133, 134) aufweisen, welche mit entsprechenden Verriegelungselementen (67, 68) der Anschlußschenkel (62, 72) der Gegenkontaktelemente (6, 7) in Eingriff sind.Relay according to claim 9,
characterized,
that the flanges (13) of the two bobbins (1) below each have on their outside locking elements (133, 134), which with corresponding locking elements (67, 68) of the connecting legs (62, 72) of the mating contact elements (6, 7) in Are intervention. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Anschlußseite des Relais mit einer Bodenplatte (8) versehen ist, welche mit einer Kappe (9) ein geschlossenes Gehäuse bildet.Relay according to one of Claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that the connection side of the relay is provided with a base plate (8) which forms a closed housing with a cap (9).
EP93100029A 1992-02-19 1993-01-04 Electromagnetic relay Expired - Lifetime EP0556540B1 (en)

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US07/837,798 US5274348A (en) 1992-02-19 1992-02-19 Electromagnetic relay
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 151 (E-0906)22. März 1990 & JP-A-02 012 725 (NEC CORP) 17. Januar 1990 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7141944B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2006-11-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for controlling an electrical motor mounted on the crossarm of a bridge circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0556540B1 (en) 1997-03-26
DE59305916D1 (en) 1997-04-30
US5274348A (en) 1993-12-28
CA2089692C (en) 2000-10-03
ATE150899T1 (en) 1997-04-15
ES2099845T3 (en) 1997-06-01
CA2089692A1 (en) 1993-08-20
EP0556540A3 (en) 1994-02-23

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