EP0545043B1 - Base paper for photographic supports - Google Patents
Base paper for photographic supports Download PDFInfo
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- EP0545043B1 EP0545043B1 EP92117518A EP92117518A EP0545043B1 EP 0545043 B1 EP0545043 B1 EP 0545043B1 EP 92117518 A EP92117518 A EP 92117518A EP 92117518 A EP92117518 A EP 92117518A EP 0545043 B1 EP0545043 B1 EP 0545043B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- base paper
- pulp
- base
- core
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
Definitions
- the waste paper used is identified and classified according to grade groups and within the grade groups (waste paper list of German standard grades and their qualities, Association of German Paper Mills, valid from 1.1.89).
- photo pulp refers to a pulp that has qualified for photo paper manufacturers in terms of mechanical and photochemical contaminants, i.e. that the dirt particle level 1.7 mm2 / m2 and the level of iron and copper contaminations harmful to the photographic emulsions must not exceed 30 points / kg pulp.
- the paper core can be made using dimerized alkyl ketenes in the neutral pH range together with cationic resins, e.g. cationic polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin, cationic polyacrylamides, cationic starches or polyethyleneimines can be sized (neutral sizing).
- cationic resins e.g. cationic polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin, cationic polyacrylamides, cationic starches or polyethyleneimines can be sized (neutral sizing).
- Alkyl ketene dimers with alkyl chains of different lengths can be used.
- a particularly preferred dimerized alkyl ketene consists of at least 50% behenyl ketene or another alkyl ketene with more than 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical.
- two or more hydrophobizing sizing agents are contained in the paper.
- Reactive sizing agents can be combined with non-reactive sizing agents.
- a preferred combination is, for example, a combination of alkyl ketene dimer and fatty acid, but a combination of epoxidized fatty acid amide and fatty acid is also possible within the scope of the invention.
- Base papers produced according to the invention can contain all other usual additives such as white pigments, dyes, color pigments, fillers and other auxiliaries.
- the paper core according to the invention can then be coated on at least one side with a synthetic resin layer.
- the paper core according to the invention can also be provided on at least one side with a synthetic resin layer which is applied by means of extrusion coating.
- the thermoplastic resins used for this are preferably polyolefins, in particular polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE), ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymers (LLDPE) or polypropylene.
- the polyolefin coating can contain a light-reflecting white pigment and, if appropriate, color pigments, optical brighteners, antistatic agents, dispersants and other additives.
- the application amount of the coating is 5 to 50 g / m2.
- Preferred pigments are titanium dioxides of the rutile or anatase type, which are used in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight.
- photographic base papers produced using recycled paper pulp with respect to the required properties, such as. B. surface quality, edge penetration of photographic liquids or photochemical neutrality, with photographic base papers, which are produced using photo pulps, are comparable.
- a mixture of 30% by weight of recycled paper grade F and 70% by weight of hardwood sulfate pulp was ground at a consistency of 4% to a ground of 35 ° SR.
- the pulp suspension was then sized (thick material: 0.04% by weight whitening agent, 0.35% by weight anion.
- Polyacrylamide, 1.55% by weight stearin, 0.8% by weight alum, 0.54% by weight % cat.polyacrylamide; thin material: 0.41% by weight polyamide / polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin) added at pH 4.5.
- a base paper weighing approximately 170 g / m 2 was produced in a known manner from the suspension, which had been diluted to approximately 1.2% by weight.
- the paper was surface-sized in a likewise known manner with a solution which contained 3.45% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 4% by weight of CaCl2 x 2 H2O and 0.53% by weight of white toner.
- Example 3 Sizing agents as in Example 3 were added to a cellulose suspension according to Comparative Example 1 and base papers weighing approximately 170 g / m 2 were produced.
- the paper samples coated with polyethylene were trimmed and immersed in the required sample size for 14 minutes in a commercially available color developer bath (T - 30 ° C.). After intermediate washing, treatment with a commercially available fixing solution and subsequent washing, the samples were dried and the penetration depth (in mm) of the developer solution was measured at the cutting edge using a measuring magnifier.
- the zone of developer penetration can be recognized as a more or less brown discolored edge strip in transmitted light.
- the figures in the following tables are mean values from 6 individual measurements.
- the edge penetration value customary for the base papers produced in the conventional manner must not exceed 0.5 mm.
- the structural strength was determined according to TAPPI RC 308 with a Scott Bond gap strength tester (Internal Bond Impact Tester Model B).
- the figures in the following tables are mean values from 5 individual measurements.
- the structural strength values customary for the base papers produced in a conventional manner are in the range from 150 to 300 fl.lb/sq.in for neutral sizing and in the range from 110 to 150 fl.lb/sq.in in the case of acidic sizing. The higher the value, the greater the internal strength of the paper.
- test emulsion is applied to the base paper using a casting machine and dried.
- the coated pattern is then exposed to a medium shade of gray, developed and fixed.
- the assessment with grades (1 - 6) is made visually on the basis of a comparison with a template, the grade 1 for "very good” and the grade 6 for "bad".
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- Paper (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Als Rohpapier für die Herstellung fotografischer Schichtträger wird ein naßfestes, dimensionsstabiles Papier gefertigt, das frei von fotochemischen und mechanischen Verunreinigungen sein muß. Die Innenleimung dem Papiers muß stets so ausgerichtet sein, daß sie der quellenden Wirkung bei der wäßrigen Nachbehandlung entgegenwirkt.
Eine Harzbeschichtung verhindert zusätzlich, daß beim Entwickeln Chemikalien und Wasser in das Rohpapier eindringen.A wet-strength, dimensionally stable paper, which must be free of photochemical and mechanical impurities, is produced as the base paper for the production of photographic supports. The inner sizing of the paper must always be oriented so that it counteracts the swelling effect in the aqueous aftertreatment.
A resin coating also prevents chemicals and water from penetrating into the base paper during development.
Als Faserstoff für das Rohpapier werden daher bis jetzt immer nur spezielle Zellstoffe, sog. Fotozellstoffe benutzt, die einen besonderen Reinheitsgrad aufweisen. Hierbei handelt es sich um gebleichte Sulfit- oder Sulfat-Zellstoffe aus Nadel und Laubhölzern. Das in der Regel für diese Zellstoffe verwendete Bleichverfahren ist das umweltbelastende Chlor-Bleichverfahren. In den letzten Jahren vollzieht sich im Bereich der Bleiche ein technologischer Wandel zu "umweltfreundlichen" Bleichmitteln. So ist z. B. in der japanischen offenlegungsschrift JP-A-63-303 191 ein fotografischer Schichtträger beschrieben, zu dessen Herstellung ein sauerstoffgebleichter Zellstoff verwendet wird.So far, only special pulps, so-called photo pulps, which have a particular degree of purity, have been used as fiber for the base paper. These are bleached sulfite or sulfate pulps made from conifers and hardwoods. The bleaching process usually used for these pulps is the environmentally harmful chlorine bleaching process. In recent years there has been a technological change in the bleaching sector to "environmentally friendly" bleaches. So z. For example, a photographic support is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-303 191, for the production of which an oxygen-bleached pulp is used.
Das Bestreben, die natürlichen Rohstoffresourcen zu schonen und umweltfreundlichere Herstellungsverfahren anzuwenden, soll auch auf andere Bereiche ausgedehnt werden.The effort to conserve natural raw material resources and use more environmentally friendly manufacturing processes should be extended to other areas.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Basispapier für fotografische Schichtträger vorzuschlagen, das nicht nur allen für fotografische Basispapiere üblichen Anforderungen, wie z. B. Glätte, Oberfläche nach der Verarbeitung in fotografischen Bädern, Steifigkeit, Spaltfestigkeit, fotochemische Neutralität gegenüber lichtempfindlichen Emulsionen, sondern auch aus ökologischen Gründen der in der Öffentlichkeit bestehenden Forderung nach einer besseren Rohstoffausnutzung und einer umweltfreundlicheren Produktionsgestaltung gerecht wird.It is therefore an object of the invention to propose a base paper for photographic substrates which not only meets all the requirements customary for photographic base papers, such as, for. B. smoothness, surface after processing in photographic baths, rigidity, splitting resistance, photochemical neutrality to light-sensitive emulsions, but also for ecological reasons the public demand for better use of raw materials and a more environmentally friendly production design.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß für die Herstellung des Basispapieres ein Faserstoff verwendet wird, der zwischen 5 und 100 % Recycling-Papierstoff enthält.This object is achieved in that a fiber material is used for the production of the base paper, which contains between 5 and 100% recycled paper material.
Das Basispapier kann also vollständig aus Recycling-Papierstoff bestehen, aber auch aus einem Gemisch von Recycling-Papierstoff mit Standardzellstoff oder Fotozellstoff.The base paper can therefore consist entirely of recycled paper stock, but also of a mixture of recycled paper stock with standard cellulose or photo cellulose.
Mit dem Begriff Recycling-Papierstoff wird ein Papierstoff bezeichnet, welcher aus Altpapier durch geeignete und bekannte Stoffaufbereitungsverfahren erzeugt wird.The term recycled paper stock denotes a paper stock which is produced from waste paper by suitable and known stock preparation processes.
Die eingesetzten Altpapiere werden nach Sortengruppen sowie innerhalb der Sortengruppen gekennzeichnet und klassifiziert (Altpapier-Liste der Deutschen Standardsorten und ihre Qualitäten, Verband Deutscher Papierfabriken, gültig ab 1.1.89).The waste paper used is identified and classified according to grade groups and within the grade groups (waste paper list of German standard grades and their qualities, Association of German Paper Mills, valid from 1.1.89).
In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Papierkern auch einen Foto- und/oder Standardzellstoff enthalten.In a special embodiment of the invention, the paper core can also contain a photo and / or standard pulp.
Unter dem Begriff Fotozellstoff ist ein Zellstoff gemeint, der sich für die Fotopapierhersteller hinsichtlich mechanischer und fotochemischer Verunreinigungen qualifiziert hat, d.h. daß das Schmutzpartikel-Niveau 1,7 mm²/m² und das Niveau der für die fotografischen Emulsionen schädlichen Eisen- und Kupfer-Verunreinigungen 30 Punkte/kg Zellstoff nicht überschreiten darf.The term photo pulp refers to a pulp that has qualified for photo paper manufacturers in terms of mechanical and photochemical contaminants, i.e. that the dirt particle level 1.7 mm² / m² and the level of iron and copper contaminations harmful to the photographic emulsions must not exceed 30 points / kg pulp.
Bei einem sog. Standard-Zellstoff liegen die entsprechenden Werte etwas höher, dürfen jedoch die Grenze 3,5 mm²/m² und 50 Punkte/kg Zellstoff nicht überschreiten.With a so-called standard pulp, the corresponding values are somewhat higher, but must not exceed the limit of 3.5 mm² / m² and 50 points / kg of pulp.
Der Papierkern kann unter Verwendung von dimerisierten Alkylketenen im neutralen pH-Bereich gemeinsam mit kationischen Harzen, wie z.B. kationisches Polyamid-Polyamin-Epichlorhydrinharz, kationinische Polyacrylamide, kationische Stärken oder Polyethylenimine, geleimt werden (Neutralleimung). Es können Alkylketendimere mit unterschiedlich langen Alkylketten verwendet werden. Ein besonders bevorzugtes dimerisiertes Alkylketen besteht zu wenigstens 50 % aus Behenylketen oder einem anderen Alkylketen mit mehr als 18 C-Atomen im Alkylrest. Der Kohlenwasserstoffrest des Ketens kann auch Ringstrukturen oder C=C-Doppelbindungen enthalten.The paper core can be made using dimerized alkyl ketenes in the neutral pH range together with cationic resins, e.g. cationic polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin, cationic polyacrylamides, cationic starches or polyethyleneimines can be sized (neutral sizing). Alkyl ketene dimers with alkyl chains of different lengths can be used. A particularly preferred dimerized alkyl ketene consists of at least 50% behenyl ketene or another alkyl ketene with more than 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical. The hydrocarbon residue of ketene can also contain ring structures or C = C double bonds.
Für die Neutralleimung können auch andere reaktive Leimungsmittel, wie z. B. epoxidierte Fettsäureamide, Fettsäureanhydride oder ein Alkylbernsteinsäureanhydrid, verwendet werden.Other reactive sizing agents, such as. B. epoxidized fatty acid amides, fatty acid anhydrides or an alkyl succinic anhydride can be used.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Papierkern unter Verwendung von nichtreaktiven Leimungsmitteln wie höheren Fettsäuren oder Fettsäuresalzen in einem sauren pH-Bereich von 3,5 bis 5 gemeinsam mit mehrwertigen Metallionen in Form eines Salzes wie Aluminiumsulfat, Aluminiumchlorid oder Natriumaluminat geleimt (saure Leimung). Die Fettsäuren können gesättigt oder ungesättigt sein. Sie enthalten 14 bis 20 C-Atome und sind z. B. Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure oder Ölsäure. Bevorzugt wird Stearinsäure sowie deren Salze, z. B. Natriumstearat.In another embodiment of the invention, the paper core is sized using non-reactive sizing agents such as higher fatty acids or fatty acid salts in an acidic pH range from 3.5 to 5 together with polyvalent metal ions in the form of a salt such as aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride or sodium aluminate (acid sizing) . The fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated. They contain 14 to 20 carbon atoms and are e.g. As palmitic acid, stearic acid or oleic acid. Stearic acid and its salts, e.g. B. sodium stearate.
In weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind zwei oder mehr hydrophobierende Leimungsmittel im Papier enthalten. Dabei können reaktive Leimungsmittel mit nichtreaktiven Leimungsmitteln kombiniert werden. Eine bevorzugte Kombination ist beispielsweise eine Kombination aus Alkylketendimer und Fettsäure, aber auch eine Kombination aus epoxidiertem Fettsäureamid und Fettsäure ist im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich.In further embodiments of the invention, two or more hydrophobizing sizing agents are contained in the paper. Reactive sizing agents can be combined with non-reactive sizing agents. A preferred combination is, for example, a combination of alkyl ketene dimer and fatty acid, but a combination of epoxidized fatty acid amide and fatty acid is also possible within the scope of the invention.
Erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Basispapiere können alle sonst noch üblichen Zusatzstofffe wie Weißpigmente, Farbstoffe, Farbpigmente, Füllstoffe und andere Hilfsmittel enthalten.Base papers produced according to the invention can contain all other usual additives such as white pigments, dyes, color pigments, fillers and other auxiliaries.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Papierkern neben einer Innenleimung zusätzlich mit einer Oberflächenleimung versehen, die z. B. aus einem Stärke- oder Polyvinylalkoholstrich besteht, der aus wäßriger Lösung mit einem bekannten Auftragsverfahren auf die Papierbahn aufgebracht wird. Die Auftragsmenge betragt 0,5 bis 10 g/m², vorzugsweise 1 bis 4,5 g/m².In a further embodiment of the invention, the paper core is additionally provided with an inner sizing with a surface sizing which, for. B. consists of a starch or polyvinyl alcohol coating, which is applied from an aqueous solution to the paper web using a known application method. The application amount is 0.5 to 10 g / m², preferably 1 to 4.5 g / m².
Der erfindungsgemäße Papierkern kann dann auf mindestens einer Seite mit einer Kunstharzschicht beschichtet werden.The paper core according to the invention can then be coated on at least one side with a synthetic resin layer.
In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der erfindungsgemäße Papierkern mit einer Kunstharzschicht überzogen, die durch UV- bzw. Elektronenstrahlen gehärtet wird. Der mittels strahlen verfestigte Überzug enthalt neben dem Bindemittel vorzugsweise Pigment und hat ein Flächengewicht von 5 bis 40 g/m². Das Bindemittel besteht im wesentlichen aus solchen Stoffen, die C-C-Doppelbindungen enthalten. Bevorzugte Pigmente sind Weißpigmente wie TiO₂, BaSO₄, ZnO, CaCO₃ und auch Farbpigmente.In a special embodiment of the invention, the paper core according to the invention is coated with a synthetic resin layer which is hardened by UV or electron beams. The radiation-hardened coating preferably contains pigment in addition to the binder and has a weight per unit area of 5 to 40 g / m 2. The binder consists essentially of such substances that contain C-C double bonds. Preferred pigments are white pigments such as TiO₂, BaSO₄, ZnO, CaCO₃ and also color pigments.
Die auf den Papierkern von mindestens einer Seite aufgebrachte Kunstharzschicht kann auch in wäßriger Dispersion aufgetragen werden. Als Bindemittel können natürliche oder synthetische Polymerverbindungen verwendet werden. Zusätzlich zu dem Bindemittel kann die Schicht noch andere Zusatzstoffe wie Weißpigmente, Farbstoffe, Härtungsmittel u.ä. enthalten.The synthetic resin layer applied to the paper core from at least one side can also be applied in an aqueous dispersion. Natural or synthetic polymer compounds can be used as binders. In addition to the binder, the layer can also contain other additives such as white pigments, dyes, hardening agents and the like. contain.
Der erfindungsgemäße Papierkern kann von mindestens einer Seite auch mit einer Kunstharzschicht versehen werden, die mittels Extrusionsbeschichtung aufgetragen wird. Die hierfür verwendeten thermoplastischen Harze sind vorzugsweise Polyolefine, insbesondere Polyethylen (HDPE, LDPE), Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymere (LLDPE) oder Polypropylen. Der Polyolefinüberzug kann ein lichtreflektierendes weißpigment sowie ggf. Farbpigmente, optische Aufheller, Antistatika, Dispergierhilfsmittel und andere Zusätze enthalten. Die Auftragsmenge des Überzugs beträgt 5 bis 50 g/m². Bevorzugte Pigmente sind Titandioxide vom Rutil- oder Anatas-Typ, die in einer Menge von 5 bis 20 Gew.-% eingesetzt werden.The paper core according to the invention can also be provided on at least one side with a synthetic resin layer which is applied by means of extrusion coating. The thermoplastic resins used for this are preferably polyolefins, in particular polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE), ethylene / α-olefin copolymers (LLDPE) or polypropylene. The polyolefin coating can contain a light-reflecting white pigment and, if appropriate, color pigments, optical brighteners, antistatic agents, dispersants and other additives. The The application amount of the coating is 5 to 50 g / m². Preferred pigments are titanium dioxides of the rutile or anatase type, which are used in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight.
Überraschenderweise hat dich herausgestellt, daß die unter Verwendung von Recycling-Papierstoff hergestellten fotografischen Basispapiere bezüglich der geforderten Eigenschaften, wie z. B. Oberflächenqualität, Kanteneindringen fotografischer Flüssigkeiten oder fotochemische Neutralität, mit fotografischen Basispapieren, die unter Verwendung von Fotozellstoffen hergestellt werden, vergleichbar sind.Surprisingly, you have found that the photographic base papers produced using recycled paper pulp with respect to the required properties, such as. B. surface quality, edge penetration of photographic liquids or photochemical neutrality, with photographic base papers, which are produced using photo pulps, are comparable.
Die Erfindung wird an Hand der nachfolgenden Beispiele erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Außer den in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Altpapiersorten wurden für den Recycling-Papierstoff auch andere Sorten untersucht und ebenfalls als einsetzbar befunden.In addition to the waste paper types described in Example 1, other types were also examined for the recycled paper stock and were also found to be usable.
Eine Faserstoffmischung entsprechend Tabelle 1 wurde bei einer Stoffdichte von 4 % bis zu einem Mahlgrad von 35° SR gemahlen. Der Faserstoffsuspension wurden dann neutrale Leimungsmittel
- (Dickstoff:
- 2,5 % TiO₂, 0,057 % Weißtöner, 1,5 % anionische Stärke
- Dünnstoff:
- 0,7 % Polyamid/Polyamin-Epichlorhydrinharz,
0,5 % Alkylketendimer
0,11 % epoxidiertes Fettsäureamid)
b: Eigene Abfalle + Büropapier (Sorte J 19))
c: Holzfreie weiße Sortierware (Sorte R 12) und holzfreies weißes Büropapier (Sorte K 22)
d: Multidruck (holzfreies, bedrucktes, gestrichenes Altpapier, Sorte K 02)
- (Thick matter:
- 2.5% TiO₂, 0.057% white toner, 1.5% anionic starch
- Thin material:
- 0.7% polyamide / polyamine epichlorohydrin resin,
0.5% alkyl ketene dimer
0.11% epoxidized fatty acid amide)
b: Own waste + office paper (type J 19))
c: Wood-free white sorting goods (type R 12) and wood-free white office paper (type K 22)
d: multi-printing (wood-free, printed, coated waste paper, type K 02)
Analog Beispiel 1 wurden ca. 170 g/m² schwere Basispapiere hergestellt.
Die Zusammensetzung der Faserstoffmischung ist in Tabelle 2 angegeben.
The composition of the fiber mixture is given in Table 2.
Eine Mischung aus 30 Gew.-% Recycling-Papierstoff Sorte F und 70 Gew.-% Laubholz-Sulfatzellstoff wurde bei einer Stoffdichte von 4 % bis zu einem Mahlgrund von 35° SR gemahlen. Der Zellstoffsuspension wurden dann Leimungsmittel (Dickstoff: 0,04 Gew.-% Weißtöner, 0,35 Gew.-% anion. Polyacrylamid, 1,55 Gew.-% Stearin, 0,8 Gew.-% Alaun, 0,54 Gew.-% kat. Polyacrylamid; Dünnstoff: 0,41 Gew.-% Polyamid/Polyamin-Epichlorhydrinharz) bei pH = 4,5 zugesetzt. Aus der auf etwa 1,2 Gew.-% verdünnten Suspension wurde in bekannter Weise ein ca. 170 g/m² schweres Basispapier gefertigt. Das Papier wurde in gleichfalls bekannter Weise mit einer Lösung oberflächengeleimt, die 3,45 Gew.-% Polyvinylalkohol, 4 Gew.-% CaCl₂ x 2 H₂O und 0,53 Gew.-% Weißtöner enthielt.A mixture of 30% by weight of recycled paper grade F and 70% by weight of hardwood sulfate pulp was ground at a consistency of 4% to a ground of 35 ° SR. The pulp suspension was then sized (thick material: 0.04% by weight whitening agent, 0.35% by weight anion. Polyacrylamide, 1.55% by weight stearin, 0.8% by weight alum, 0.54% by weight % cat.polyacrylamide; thin material: 0.41% by weight polyamide / polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin) added at pH = 4.5. A base paper weighing approximately 170 g / m 2 was produced in a known manner from the suspension, which had been diluted to approximately 1.2% by weight. The paper was surface-sized in a likewise known manner with a solution which contained 3.45% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 4% by weight of CaCl₂ x 2 H₂O and 0.53% by weight of white toner.
Eine Mischung aus 100 Gew.-%. Laubholz-Sulfatzellstoff (Fotozellstoff) wurde bei einer Stoffdichte von 4 % bis zu einem Mahlgrad von 35° SR gemahlen. Der Zellstoffsuspension wurden dann neutrale Leimungsmittel wie im Beispiel 1 zugesetzt und
ca. 170 g/m² schwere Basispapiere hergestellt.
Analog Beispiel 1 wurden die Papiere oberflächengeleimt.A mixture of 100% by weight. Hardwood sulfate pulp (photo pulp) was ground at a consistency of 4% to a freeness of 35 ° SR. Neutral sizing agents were then added to the pulp suspension as in Example 1 and
base papers weighing approx. 170 g / m².
Analogously to Example 1, the papers were surface-sized.
Einer Zellstoffsuspension gemäß vergleichsbeispiel 1 wurden Leimungsmittel wie im Beispiel 3 zugesetzt und ca. 170 g/m² schwere Basispapiere hergestellt.Sizing agents as in Example 3 were added to a cellulose suspension according to Comparative Example 1 and base papers weighing approximately 170 g / m 2 were produced.
Von den entsprechend den Beispielen und Vergleichsbeispielen gefertigten Papierproben wurde jeweils ein Teil unbeschichtet belassen und geprüft, ein anderer Teil wurde beidseitig in bekannter Weise mit Polyethylen beschichtet und in dieser Form einer Prüfung unterzogen. Im Rahmen der Erfindung wurden die nachstehend aufgeführten Prüfverfahren zur Bewertung herangezogen.One part of the paper samples produced in accordance with the examples and comparative examples was left uncoated and tested, another part was coated on both sides with polyethylene in a known manner and subjected to a test in this form. In the context of the invention, the test methods listed below were used for the evaluation.
Die Prüfung erfolgte an unbeschichteten Papierproben nach der in DE-A- 34 26 782 beschriebenen Prüfmethode.
Je höher die Oberflächenzahl, um so schlechter ist die Oberflächenqualität. Die für die unter Verwendung von Fotozellstoffen hergestellten Basispapiere üblichen Oberflächenzahlen liegen bei Neutralleimung im Bereich von 140 - 190 und bei saurer Leimung im Bereich von 90 - 150.The test was carried out on uncoated paper samples according to the test method described in DE-A-34 26 782.
The higher the surface number, the poorer the surface quality. The surface numbers customary for the base papers produced using photo pulps are in the range from 140 to 190 in the case of neutral sizing and in the range from 90 to 150 in the case of acidic sizing.
Die mit Polyethylen beschichteten Papierproben wurden beschnitten und in der erforderlichen Mustergröße für 14 Minuten in ein handelsübliches Color-Entwicklerbad (T - 30° C) getaucht. Nach Zwischenwässerung, Behandlung mit handelsüblicher Fixierlösung und anschließender Wässerung wurden die Muster getrocknet und mit einer Meßlupe die Eindringtiefe (in mm) der Entwicklerlösung an der Schnittkante gemessen. Die Zone des Entwicklereindringens ist als mehr oder weniger bräunlich verfärbter Randstreifen im Durchlicht zu erkennen. Die Zahlenangaben in den nachfolgenden Tabellen sind Mittelwerte aus Jeweils 6 Einzelmessungen.
Der für die auf herkömmliche weise hergestellten Basispapiere übliche wert des Kanteneindringens darf 0,5 mm nicht überschreiten.The paper samples coated with polyethylene were trimmed and immersed in the required sample size for 14 minutes in a commercially available color developer bath (T - 30 ° C.). After intermediate washing, treatment with a commercially available fixing solution and subsequent washing, the samples were dried and the penetration depth (in mm) of the developer solution was measured at the cutting edge using a measuring magnifier. The zone of developer penetration can be recognized as a more or less brown discolored edge strip in transmitted light. The figures in the following tables are mean values from 6 individual measurements.
The edge penetration value customary for the base papers produced in the conventional manner must not exceed 0.5 mm.
Die Gefügefestigkeit (innere Festigkeit) wurde nach TAPPI RC 308 mit einem Scott Bond Spaltfestigkeitsprüfer (Internal Bond Impact Tester Model B) bestimmt. Die Zahlenangaben in den nachfolgenden Tabellen sind jeweils Mittelwerte aus 5 Einzelmessungen.
Die für die auf herkömmliche Weise hergestellten Basispapiere üblichen Werte der Gefügefestigkeit liegen bei Neutralleimung im Bereich von 150 bis 300 fl.lb/sq.in und bei saurer Leimung im Bereich 110 bis 150 fl.lb/sq.in. Je höher der Wert, um so größer ist die innere Festigkeit des Papiers.The structural strength (internal strength) was determined according to TAPPI RC 308 with a Scott Bond gap strength tester (Internal Bond Impact Tester Model B). The figures in the following tables are mean values from 5 individual measurements.
The structural strength values customary for the base papers produced in a conventional manner are in the range from 150 to 300 fl.lb/sq.in for neutral sizing and in the range from 110 to 150 fl.lb/sq.in in the case of acidic sizing. The higher the value, the greater the internal strength of the paper.
Zur Prüfung der fotochemischen Eigenschaften wurden 4 verschiedene fotografische Emulsionen herangezogen, die unterschiedliche Lichtempfindlichkeiten aufweisen. Eine solche Emulsion ist beispielsweise in EP-OS 0023668 beschrieben.To test the photochemical properties, 4 different photographic emulsions were used, which have different light sensitivities. Such an emulsion is described for example in EP-OS 0023668.
Hierfür wird auf das Basispapier die Testemulsion mit Hilfe einer Gießmaschine aufgetragen und getrocknet. Danach wird das beschichtete Muster zu einem mittleren Grauton belichtet, entwickelt und fixiert. Die Beurteilung mit Noten (1 - 6) erfolgt visuell auf Grund eines Vergleiches mit einer Vorlage, wobei die Note 1 für "sehr gut" und die Note 6 für "schlecht" steht.For this purpose, the test emulsion is applied to the base paper using a casting machine and dried. The coated pattern is then exposed to a medium shade of gray, developed and fixed. The assessment with grades (1 - 6) is made visually on the basis of a comparison with a template, the grade 1 for "very good" and the grade 6 for "bad".
Die Ergebnisse aller beschriebenen Prüfungen sind in den Tabellen 3 und 4 zusammengestellt. Wie aus den Tabellen ersichtlich, liegen die Prüfergebnisse der unter Verwendung von Recycling-Papierstoff hergestellten Basispapiere in dem für herkömmliche, unter Verwendung von Fotozellstoffen hergestellten Basispapiere üblichen Bereich.
Claims (12)
- Base paper for photographic emulsion carriers, characterized in that it consists of a paper core of fibrous material, the fibrous material including between 5 and 100 % of recycled cellulose pulp.
- The base paper of claim 1, characterized in that the fibrous material contains a photographic cellulose and/or standard cellulose in addition to said recycled cellulose pulp.
- The base paper of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the paper core is treated with a neutral size.
- The base paper of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the paper core is treated with an acid size.
- The base paper of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the paper core contains a reactive and a nonreactive sizing agent.
- The base paper of claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the paper core contains a white pigment.
- The base paper of claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the paper core is surface sized.
- The base paper of claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the paper core is coated on at least one side with a synthetic resin.
- The base paper of claim 8, characterized in that the coating of synthetic resin is radiation hardened.
- The base paper of claim 8, characterized in that the coating of synthetic resin is extrusion coated on said paper core.
- The base paper of claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the coating of synthetic resin is applied as an aqueous dispersion.
- The base paper of claim 8 to 11, characterized in that the coating of synthetic resin contains a white pigment.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4139251 | 1991-11-29 | ||
| DE4139251A DE4139251A1 (en) | 1991-11-29 | 1991-11-29 | BASE PAPER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC LAYER |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0545043A1 EP0545043A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
| EP0545043B1 true EP0545043B1 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
Family
ID=6445832
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92117518A Expired - Lifetime EP0545043B1 (en) | 1991-11-29 | 1992-10-14 | Base paper for photographic supports |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0545043B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3363187B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE126849T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4139251A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4302678A1 (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1994-08-04 | Schoeller Felix Jun Papier | Recyclable substrate |
| JP3636052B2 (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2005-04-06 | サンスター技研株式会社 | Method for producing soft container and high viscosity liquid filler |
| DE102004019734A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-11-03 | Dresden Papier Gmbh | Papers with high penetration resistance to fats and oils and process for their preparation |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5677845A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1981-06-26 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacture of paper for photography |
| DE68926770T2 (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1996-10-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Paper for photographic use |
| US4994147A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-02-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic reflection print material with improved keeping properties |
-
1991
- 1991-11-29 DE DE4139251A patent/DE4139251A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-10-14 DE DE59203377T patent/DE59203377D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-14 EP EP92117518A patent/EP0545043B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-14 AT AT92117518T patent/ATE126849T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-27 JP JP31833292A patent/JP3363187B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE126849T1 (en) | 1995-09-15 |
| EP0545043A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
| DE59203377D1 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
| JPH0667342A (en) | 1994-03-11 |
| DE4139251A1 (en) | 1993-06-03 |
| JP3363187B2 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
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