EP0544081A1 - Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression améliorée du lobe latéral - Google Patents

Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression améliorée du lobe latéral Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0544081A1
EP0544081A1 EP92116842A EP92116842A EP0544081A1 EP 0544081 A1 EP0544081 A1 EP 0544081A1 EP 92116842 A EP92116842 A EP 92116842A EP 92116842 A EP92116842 A EP 92116842A EP 0544081 A1 EP0544081 A1 EP 0544081A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sum
quadrants
difference
return energy
elements
Prior art date
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Application number
EP92116842A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0544081B1 (fr
Inventor
Steven W. Bartley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
Original Assignee
Hughes Aircraft Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Hughes Aircraft Co filed Critical Hughes Aircraft Co
Priority to DE19883854724 priority Critical patent/DE3854724T2/de
Publication of EP0544081A1 publication Critical patent/EP0544081A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0544081B1 publication Critical patent/EP0544081B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna system adapted for radar application using sum and difference signals for tracking a target including
  • the invention further relates to a method of operating an antenna system adapted for radar application using sum and difference signals for tracking a target including the steps of:
  • the invention relates to optimization of antenna sum and difference patterns, and in particular, to a sidelobe suppression arrangement for a monopulse antenna using sum and difference patterns to track targets.
  • a monopulse antenna may be subdivided into sections, for example, by using horns or quadrants, and the radar then senses the target displacement by comparing the amplitude and phase of the echo signal for each horn or quadrant.
  • the RF circuitry for a conventional antenna divided into quadrants subtracts the output of the left pair from the output of the right pair to sense any imbalance in the azimuth direction (azimuth difference pattern) and the output of the top pair from the output of the bottom pair to sense any imbalance in the elevation direction (elevation difference pattern).
  • azimuth difference pattern the output of the left pair from the output of the right pair to sense any imbalance in the azimuth direction
  • elevation difference pattern elevation difference pattern
  • a sum signal is generated and used as a reference signal, for video input, and for gain control.
  • Document US-3,711,858 is also concerned with a monopulse radar antenna using sidelobe suppression.
  • this antenna wave guide sections are provided in the four quadrants with adjacent ends of the wave guides in the quadrants being staggerd such that certain wave guides in one quadrant extend into the adjacent quadrant and vice-versa. Thereby the lobe of the transition in phase from one quadrant to the other is reduced.
  • an antenna system of the kind mentioned at the outset is characterized in that
  • the sum signal is calculated as the sum of the return energy of all of the excitable elements; that the azimuth difference signal is calculated as the difference between the sum of the return energy of the excitable elements in the left-hand two quadrants and the left horizontal strip (i.e., a left-hand segment), and the sum of the return energy of the excitable elements in the right-hand two quadrants and the right horizontal strip (i.e., a right-hand segment); and that the elevation difference signal is calculated as the difference between the sum of the return energy of the excitable elements in the upper two quadrants and the top vertical strip (i.e., an upper segment), and the sum of the return energy of the excitable elements in the lower two quadrants and the bottom vertical strip (i.e., a lower segment).
  • the cross sectional area of the monopulse antenna is therefore divided into four quadrants and a center section, wherein the center section is only taken into account upon calculation of the sum signal, not of the two difference signals.
  • the invention further relates to an appropriate method to perform near in sidelobe suppression.
  • a conventional five horn antenna for providing sum and difference signals.
  • five horn antennas A,B,C,D,E are arranged with antenna A, the left antenna; B, the top antenna; C, the right antenna; D, the bottom antenna; and E, the antenna filling the center space around which antennas A,B,C, and D are arranged.
  • An elevation difference signal is obtained by subtracting the return energy from antenna D from the return energy of antenna B and an azimuth difference signal is provided by subtracting the return energy of antenna C from the return energy of antenna A.
  • a sum signal is provided by the return energy of antenna E alone.
  • the antenna 10 is shown as having an aperture 12 circular in shape and as having an array of radiating and receiving elements 20.
  • the antenna is a broadband antenna designed to operate, for example, in a missile.
  • the aperture is partitioned into substantially equal and symmetrical quadrants 14, 15, 16 and 17.
  • Quadrants 14 and 15 define the top elevation hemisphere for aperture 12, while quadrants 16 and 17 define the bottom elevation hemisphere for aperture 12. More particularly, quadrant 14 defines the top left quadrant, quadrant 15 the top right quadrant, quadrant 16 the bottom right quadrant, and quadrant 17 the bottom left quadrant.
  • Strip 24 includes strip K, which contains elements which may be taken substantially equally from quadrants 14 and 17.
  • Strip 24 also includes strip I which contains elements which may be taken substantially equally from quadrants 15 and 16.
  • Strip 26 includes strip H, which contains elements which may be taken substantially equally from quadrants 14 and 15 and strip J, which contains elements which may be taken substantially equally from quadrants 16 and 17.
  • quadrants A, B, C, and D refer to the remainder of quadrants 14, 15, 16 and 17 in Fig. 2a respectively after taking the respective elements for strips 24 and 26.
  • strips 24 and 26 are selectively excluded in generating the difference pattern signals, resulting in a reduction in the sidelobes for the azimuth and elevation difference patterns as further explained below.
  • Fig. 2b there is shown a diagram of the sum and difference network for connecting the return signals from the quadrants and strips of Fig. 2b for achieving low difference pattern sidelobes.
  • the sum pattern to be used for the antenna of Fig. 2a, to be provided by the network of Fig. 2b, is (A + B + C + D) + (H + I + J + K); the azimuth difference pattern is (A + D + K) - (B + C + I); and the elevation difference pattern is (A + B + H) - (C + D + J).
  • each quadrant and strip is selectively coupled with that of one other quadrant or strip at parallel hybrids 41, 42, 43, and 44.
  • the hybrids are standard commercially available sum and difference hybrids, i.e., sum and difference magic T's, commonly used in comparator circuits.
  • the coupling coefficient for each hybrid would vary depending on aperture design and would be chosen to provide, as close as possible, an ideal sum distribution pattern.
  • the returns from strips K and I are fed into hybrid 41.
  • the returns from strips H and J are likewise fed into hybrid 42.
  • the returns from quadrants A and D are fed into hybrid 43.
  • the returns from quadrants B and C are fed into hybrid 44.
  • K and I are combined at hybrid 41 to provide (K + I) and the difference is taken at hybrid 41 to provide (K - I).
  • the same process is repeated for H and J at hybrid 42 to provide (H + J) and (H - J); at hybrid 43 to provide (A + D) and (A - D); and at hybrid 44 to provide (B + C) and (B - C).
  • the outputs from hybrids 41, 42, 43, and 44 are selectively added and subtracted to provide further desirable combinations of quadrants A, B, C, D and strips H, I, J, and K.
  • the (K + I) output from hybrid 41 and the (H + J) output from hybrid 42 are combined in phase at hybrid 51 for providing at the output of hybrid 51 (H + J + K + I).
  • the (B + C) output at hybrid 44 is subtracted from the (A + D) output of hybrid 43 at hybrid 52 for providing at the output of hybrid 52 (A + D) - (B + C), and is combined in phase with (B + C) to provide (A + D + B + C).
  • the (A - D) output of hybrid 43 is likewise combined with the (B - C) output of hybrid 44 for providing at the output of hybrid 53 (A +B) - (C + D) and is subtracted at hybrid 53 to provide at the output of hybrid 53, (A + C) - (B + D) which is not used and is therefore terminated.
  • hybrid 51 (H + J) + (K +I) is combined with the (A + B) + (C + D) output of hybrid 52 at hybrid 61 to provide (A + B + C + D) + (H + I + J + K).
  • the (K - I) output of hybrid 41 is combined with the (A + D) - (B + C) output of hybrid 52 at hybrid 62 to provide (A + D + K) - (B + C + I) at the output of hybrid 62.
  • the (H - J) output of hybrid 42 is combined with the (A + B) - (C + D) output of hybrid 53 at hybrid 63 to provide (A + B + H) - (C + D + J) at the output of hybrid 63.
  • Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b are comparisons of measured data for the original difference signals using the whole ("original") aperture return signal of Fig. 2a compared to the difference signals with the horizontal and vertical strips selectively excluded using the return in Fig. 2b.
  • the difference signals are for all practical purposes symmetrical on either side of boresight and the discussion below applies to the sidelobe patterns on both the right and left of boresight.
  • Fig. 4a Shown is the original configuration elevation sum and difference signals (left side figure) and the elevation difference signal with horizontal strips I and K excluded (right side figure). It is observed from Fig. 4a that the original elevation difference pattern has a near in sidelobe of around -15dB at around 20°. Compare this to the right side figure of 4a, which depicts the elevation difference pattern with the horizontal strip excluded. Here the near in sidelobes rapidly drop to near -25dB at 30° and form deep nulls.
  • Fig. 4b Shown are the original azimuth sum and difference signals (left side figure) and the azimuth difference signal with strips H and J excluded (right side figure).
  • the original azimuth difference pattern displays near-in sidelobes of -15dB at around 25°.
  • the azimuth difference pattern with the vertical strip excluded is markedly different.
  • the near in sidelobes are -27dB at 25° and deep nulls are formed.
  • Fig. 3a shows an embodiment of the present invention wherein a center section of the elements are selectively excluded in generating the difference patterns.
  • Fig. 3b shows a sum and difference network for providing the desired sum and difference signals.
  • the circuit of Fig. 3b has the advantage of using only five hybrids, which is of high utility for applications where space is very important (i.e., missile radar systems, etc.). Data for the embodiment shown in Figs. 3a and 3b is comparable to that for the embodiment shown in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b.
  • excluding other predetermined cross section patterns of the aperture may permit further optimization of the signals, i.e., permit other combinations for reducing the sidelobes in the difference patterns while minimizing circuit complexity and maintaining sum signal quality.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
EP92116842A 1986-11-17 1987-10-01 Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression améliorée du lobe latéral Expired - Lifetime EP0544081B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883854724 DE3854724T2 (de) 1987-10-01 1988-06-07 Monopulsantenne mit verbesserter Nebenkeulenunterdrückung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US93157186A 1986-11-17 1986-11-17
EP87907265A EP0289553B1 (fr) 1986-11-17 1987-10-01 Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression amelioree du lobe lateral

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87907265.0 Division 1988-06-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0544081A1 true EP0544081A1 (fr) 1993-06-02
EP0544081B1 EP0544081B1 (fr) 1995-11-22

Family

ID=25460993

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87907265A Expired - Lifetime EP0289553B1 (fr) 1986-11-17 1987-10-01 Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression amelioree du lobe lateral
EP92116842A Expired - Lifetime EP0544081B1 (fr) 1986-11-17 1987-10-01 Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression améliorée du lobe latéral

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87907265A Expired - Lifetime EP0289553B1 (fr) 1986-11-17 1987-10-01 Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression amelioree du lobe lateral

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0289553B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0682980B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3786787T2 (fr)
IL (1) IL84113A (fr)
WO (1) WO1988004109A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2870992A1 (fr) * 2004-06-01 2005-12-02 Amp C3C Sa Antenne de telecommunications pour ensemble de poursuite
EP1628140A1 (fr) * 2004-08-16 2006-02-22 S.M.S. Smart Microwave Sensors GmbH Antenne de réception mono-impulsion interférometrique avec suppression du lobe latéral améliorée

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0289553B1 (fr) * 1986-11-17 1993-07-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression amelioree du lobe lateral
JPH01268210A (ja) * 1988-04-19 1989-10-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp アンテナ装置
GB2279529B (en) * 1989-05-18 1995-05-31 Plessey Co Plc Radar
JPH0834382B2 (ja) * 1989-09-01 1996-03-29 デイエックスアンテナ株式会社 自動追尾用平面アンテナ
JPH06100643B2 (ja) * 1991-12-17 1994-12-12 宇宙開発事業団 モノパルス追尾装置
US8593334B2 (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-11-26 The Boeing Company Split aperture monopulse antenna system

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988004109A1 (fr) * 1986-11-17 1988-06-02 Hughes Aircraft Company Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression amelioree du lobe lateral

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3711858A (en) * 1971-02-24 1973-01-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Monopulse radar antenna structure
US3965475A (en) * 1975-05-30 1976-06-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Switchable beamwidth monopulse method and system
DE2736497A1 (de) * 1977-08-12 1979-02-22 Siemens Ag Monopulserregersystem fuer eine strahlungsgespeiste antenne
US4754286A (en) * 1984-10-18 1988-06-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Line-fed phase controlled antenna

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988004109A1 (fr) * 1986-11-17 1988-06-02 Hughes Aircraft Company Antenne mono-impulsion avec suppression amelioree du lobe lateral

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2870992A1 (fr) * 2004-06-01 2005-12-02 Amp C3C Sa Antenne de telecommunications pour ensemble de poursuite
EP1628140A1 (fr) * 2004-08-16 2006-02-22 S.M.S. Smart Microwave Sensors GmbH Antenne de réception mono-impulsion interférometrique avec suppression du lobe latéral améliorée
US7548186B2 (en) 2004-08-16 2009-06-16 S.M.S. Smart Microwave Sensors Gmbh Method and apparatus for detection of an electromagnetic signal reflected from and object

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0289553B1 (fr) 1993-07-28
EP0289553A1 (fr) 1988-11-09
WO1988004109A1 (fr) 1988-06-02
JPH0682980B2 (ja) 1994-10-19
DE3786787T2 (de) 1993-11-18
IL84113A (en) 1991-08-16
DE3786787D1 (de) 1993-09-02
EP0544081B1 (fr) 1995-11-22
JPH01502151A (ja) 1989-07-27

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