EP0542968B1 - Verfahren und benutzung einer vorrichtung zum backen von emaille auf metalloberflächen, insbesondere aluminiumteile - Google Patents

Verfahren und benutzung einer vorrichtung zum backen von emaille auf metalloberflächen, insbesondere aluminiumteile Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0542968B1
EP0542968B1 EP92911757A EP92911757A EP0542968B1 EP 0542968 B1 EP0542968 B1 EP 0542968B1 EP 92911757 A EP92911757 A EP 92911757A EP 92911757 A EP92911757 A EP 92911757A EP 0542968 B1 EP0542968 B1 EP 0542968B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enamel
infrared
emission means
infrared emission
baking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92911757A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0542968A1 (de
Inventor
Henri Piera
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEB SA
Original Assignee
SEB SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEB SA filed Critical SEB SA
Publication of EP0542968A1 publication Critical patent/EP0542968A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0542968B1 publication Critical patent/EP0542968B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D9/00—Ovens specially adapted for firing enamels
    • C23D9/04—Non-electric tunnel ovens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D9/00—Ovens specially adapted for firing enamels
    • C23D9/06—Electric furnaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of firing enamel on a metallic object, in particular aluminum. It also relates to a device for its implementation.
  • the entire object to be glazed is heated since this object and the enamel layer reach an equilibrium temperature equal to the temperature of the ambient air in the part of the oven where the object is located. Consequently, the power of the furnace and its response depend on the mass and the surface of the object.
  • the enamel cooking document JP-A-63 28 22 79 describes a method of cooking enamel using infrared radiation. but, in this process the metal object and the enamel layer are both heated.
  • the uniform heating of the object to be enamelled causes the expansion of the metal to take place in conjunction with the rise in temperature of the enamel, which has the effect of causing broken surfaces or creases in the broken enamel cookie which does not have the same coefficient of expansion as metal.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method of firing enamel on a metal object, in particular aluminum, subjected to a prior step of depositing on a part of the surface of the object a enamel frit slip followed by a drying step leading to the production of an enamel cookie on said object.
  • this cooking method is characterized in that it comprises, after the drying step, a step of exposing the object to infrared radiation with a predetermined maximum emission wavelength of such so that this radiation heats the enamel cookie to obtain its baking, without significantly heating the metal object.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain surprising results in terms of flexibility of operation, simplicity of manufacture, cost, and quality of the enamel obtained.
  • an oven implementing the method according to the invention is operational in a few seconds instead of one to two hours in the case of the previous methods, with the consequence of rapid and economical start-ups. Therefore, in the case of a temporary production stop, the oven can be stopped if it is empty.
  • the ambient air has a temperature below the vitrification temperature which is equal to 560 ° C. in the case of firing the enamel on an aluminum object and is much lower than that of the infrared transmitter (from 1000 to 2000 ° C).
  • this air only participates to a lesser degree in the heat exchange between the infrared emitter and the object to be glazed, which is produced almost entirely by radiation, the air being practically immobile in the cooking chamber.
  • the construction of an oven implementing the method according to the invention is therefore simpler and less costly than that of previous ovens.
  • the weight of the object as well as its thickness are no longer, for an equivalent area, determining factors with regard to the rate of temperature rise at a given heating power.
  • the surface to be heated and the shape of this condition the speed / heating power couple.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain mechanical and physico-chemical characteristics of enamel equivalent to or even superior to those obtained with conventional methods of convection cooking, but with a cooking level reduced to 2 minutes instead of 5 minutes previously required.
  • an enamel firing device on a metal object, in particular aluminum, previously covered on at least part of its surface with an enamel cookie obtained from of an enamel frit slip said device comprising an enclosure and a cooking support, on which said object is placed, and infrared emission means arranged in said enclosure, is characterized in that the emission means infrared emit infrared radiation of predetermined maximum emission wavelength and are placed at a predetermined distance from the object to be enamelled, so that the part of the object covered by the enamel cookie is exposed to said infrared radiation and that the enamel is heated without directly heating the metal object.
  • the disc 2 is covered by a layer 4 of slurry of enamel frit previously dried.
  • This layer 4 is therefore in the form of a substantially dry and porous cookie.
  • the layer 4 is exposed to infrared radiation emitted by an infrared heating element 5 placed at a distance D from this layer 4.
  • the composition of the enamel cookie 4 is such that it vitrifies into an enamel layer at a certain temperature which is of the order of 560 ° C., when it is an enamel composition for aluminum.
  • the wavelength of the infrared radiation emitted by the element 5 and the distance D are such that the enamel biscuit 4 heats up quickly to the above vitrification temperature, the metal object 2 serving as a radiator.
  • the experimental oven illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 2 constitutes a cooking device according to the invention which comprises an enclosure of cooking 40 in insulating material with a thickness of 20 mm divided into 3 zones Z1, Z2 and Z3 (see FIG. 3), the first zone Z1 corresponding to the use of an infrared gas emitter 10 while the other two zones Z2 and Z3 correspond to the use of electrical transmitters 20 and 30.
  • Each of the infrared emitters 10, 20 and 30 corresponds respectively to a portion of cooking support 12, 22 and 32 on which is placed one or more objects to be enamel 13, 23 and 33.
  • the infrared gas emitter 10 is inserted in the cooking chamber 40 and is connected by conventional channeling devices 11 to a gas supply device 14.
  • the combustion of the gas in the emitter 10 is accompanied by an emission of infrared radiation to which is exposed the upper surface of the object 13 previously coated with slip of predetermined constitution and after obtaining a dried cookie according to conventional techniques in this field. elder.
  • the supports 12, 22, 32 are movably mounted inside the enclosure.
  • the objects 13, 23, 33 can for example be cooking vessels.
  • the optimal distance D separating the infrared emitters 10, 20 and 30 from the pieces to be glazed 13, 23 and 33 is substantially equal to 160 mm.
  • this optimal distance D depends on the emission power, the shape and the surface of the parts and the geometrical characteristics of the cooking chamber.
  • the radiation power per unit area of the gas transmitter 10 is approximately 130 kW / m 2 . Its temperature is approximately 1000 ° C. and its emission spectrum extends in the mid-infrared from approximately 1 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, the maximum emission wavelength being substantially equal to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the power emitted by the gas transmitter 10 is adjustable from 50 to 100%.
  • the electric infrared emitters 20, 30 are made up of radiant elements supplied with electricity via connection means 21, 31.
  • the two electric emitters 20 and 30 also emit in the mid infrared and its temperature is around 1200 ° C., the emission power per unit area of this transmitter being approximately 60 kW / m 2 .
  • the temperature of the ambient air measured for example with an optical pyrometer 41 placed inside the enclosure 40, is between 100 and 450 ° C, therefore much lower than the temperature of the emitters.
  • Another variant could be constituted by two transmitters 20 and 30 transmitting in the short infrared.
  • Electric transmitters are transmitters with short infrared tubes having an emitter temperature of around 2200 ° C, an emission power per unit area of between 100 and 300 kW / m 2 , and an emission spectrum s' extending between 0.6 ⁇ m and 4.8 ⁇ m, the maximum emission wavelength being substantially equal to 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • This type of transmitter has a power very high emission temperature and an emitter temperature much higher than that of the other emitters tested. However, it is very sensitive to variations in the color of the slip and does not tolerate an ambient air temperature above 100 ° C.
  • the two electric transmitters 20, 30 have in common the fact that they can be modulated in power from 0 to 100% of their installed power.
  • the exposure times of the parts to infrared radiation emitted by the emitters 10, 20 and 30 vary from 3 minutes and 30 seconds to 7 minutes, depending on the shape and the surface of the parts to be enamelled.
  • the aluminum of the object reaches by conduction the equilibrium temperature corresponding to the vitrification temperature of the enamel, namely 560 ° C.
  • the method according to the invention can easily be applied to a production line, a movable workpiece support mat then being provided for routing the workpieces to be glazed in the cooking chamber and exposing them successively to the radiation emitted by the infrared emitter. for a predetermined exposure time depending on the shape and surface of the object.
  • Another important characteristic of the process according to the invention resides in the possibility of measuring the direct temperature of the enameled part, for example by means of an infrared pyrometer, this temperature making it possible to control the heating power of the infrared emitters. red.
  • the ambient temperature is measured to control the heating power, since the pieces to be glazed are at the same temperature as the ambient temperature.
  • the geometry of the cooking enclosure can be defined according to current or future technological performance criteria.
  • the baking method according to the invention obviously accepts the prior implementation of a screen printing operation on the cookie before baking.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zum Brennen von Email auf einen Metallgegenstand (2, 13, 23, 33), insbesondere aus Aluminium, der einem vorhergehenden Schritt der Ablagerung von Schlicker aus Emailfritte (4) auf wenigstens einem Teil seiner Oberfläche, gefolgt von einem Trocknungsschritt, unterzogen wurde, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es nach dem Trockungsschritt einen Schritt der Aussetzung des Gegenstands (2, 13, 23, 33) einer langwelligen Infrarotstrahlung mit einer solchen vorbestimmten maximalen Emission umfaßt, daß diese das Email (4) erwärmt, ohne den Metallgegenstand direkt zu erwärmen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Infrarotstrahlung von Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (5, 10, 20, 30) abgegeben wird, die in einem Brennraum (1, 40) in einem vorbestimmten Abstand (D) vom zu emaillierenden Gegenstand (2, 13, 23, 33) angeordnet sind.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses ferner einen Schritt der Modulation der Emissionsleistung der Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (5, 10, 20, 30) in Abhängigkeit vom zu emaillierenden Gegenstand (2, 13, 23, 33) umfaßt.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, angewendet auf eine Gruppe von Metallgegenständen (13, 23, 33), die auf einem beweglichen Transportband (12, 22, 32) angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Gegenstand nacheinander der Infrarotstrahlung über eine vorbestimmte Bestrahlungsdauer ausgesetzt wird, wobei sich das Transportband in bezug zu den Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (10, 20, 30) verschiebt.
  5. Verwendung einer Vorrichtung für die Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1-4 zum Brennen von Email auf einen Metallgegenstand (13, 23, 33), der vorher auf einem Teil seiner Oberfläche mit einem aus einem Schlicker aus Emailfritte erhaltenen Biskuit bedeckt wurde, wobei die Vorrichtung einen Raum (40), eine Brennunterlage (12, 22, 32), auf welcher der Metallgegenstand angeordnet ist, und Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (10, 20, 30), die in dem Raum (40) angeordnet sind, umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (10, 20, 30) eine langwellige Infrarotstrahlung mit vorbestimmter maximaler Emission abgeben und in einem vorbestimmten Abstand (D) vom zu emaillierenden Gegenstand (13, 23, 33) angeordnet sind, derart, daß der durch den Biskuit bedeckte Teil des Gegenstandes der Infrarotstrahlung ausgesetzt ist, und daß das Email (4) erwärmt wird, ohne den Metallgegenstand direkt zu erwärmen.
  6. Verwendung einer Vorrichtung für die Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1-4 zum Brennen von Email auf eine Gruppe von Gegenständen (13, 23, 33), insbesondere aus Aluminium, die vorher mit einem aus einem Schlicker aus Emaifritte erhaltenen Biskuit auf einem Teil ihrer Oberfläche bedeckt wurden, wobei die Vorrichtung einen Raum (40), ein Transportband (12, 22, 32), auf welchem die Gegenstände angeordnet sind, und Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (10, 20, 30), die in dem Raum angeordnet sind, umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (10, 20, 30) eine langwellige Infrarotstrahlung mit einer vorbestimmten maximalen Emission abgeben und in einem vorbestimmten Abstand (D) von den zu emaillierenden Gegenständen (13, 23, 33) angeordnet sind, und daß das Transportband (12, 22, 32) in dem Brennraum (40) beweglich ist, derart, daß die zu emaillierenden Gegenstände der Infrarotstrahlung der Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (10, 20, 30) über eine vorbestimmte Dauer nacheinander ausgesetzt sind.
  7. Verwendung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen Strahlungselemente (20, 30) umfassen, die mit elektrischer Energie betrieben werden.
  8. Verwendung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen Strahlungselemente (10) umfassen, die mit Energie aus der Gasverbrennung betrieben werden.
  9. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 5-8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das Emissionsspektrum der von den Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (10, 20, 30) abgegebenen Strahlung im wesentlichen von 1 µm bis 8 µm erstreckt, wobei die Wellenlänge der vorbestimmten maximalen Emission etwa 2 µm beträgt.
  10. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 5-8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das Emissionsspektrum der von den Infrarot-Emissionseinrichtungen (10, 20, 30) abgegebenen Strahlung im wesentlichen von 0,6 µm bis 4,8 µm erstreckt, wobei die Wellenlänge der vorbestimmten maximalen Emission etwa 1,2 µm beträgt.
EP92911757A 1991-06-05 1992-06-05 Verfahren und benutzung einer vorrichtung zum backen von emaille auf metalloberflächen, insbesondere aluminiumteile Expired - Lifetime EP0542968B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9106789 1991-06-05
FR919106789A FR2677374B1 (fr) 1991-06-05 1991-06-05 Procede de cuisson d'email sur un objet metallique, notamment en aluminium, et dispositif pour sa mise en óoeuvre.
PCT/FR1992/000507 WO1992021791A1 (fr) 1991-06-05 1992-06-05 Procede de cuisson d'email sur un objet metallique, notamment en aluminium, et dispositif pour sa mise en ×uvre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0542968A1 EP0542968A1 (de) 1993-05-26
EP0542968B1 true EP0542968B1 (de) 1997-01-29

Family

ID=9413488

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92911757A Expired - Lifetime EP0542968B1 (de) 1991-06-05 1992-06-05 Verfahren und benutzung einer vorrichtung zum backen von emaille auf metalloberflächen, insbesondere aluminiumteile

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5391408A (de)
EP (1) EP0542968B1 (de)
DE (2) DE69217170T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2041619T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2677374B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1992021791A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7678325B2 (en) * 1999-12-08 2010-03-16 Diamicron, Inc. Use of a metal and Sn as a solvent material for the bulk crystallization and sintering of diamond to produce biocompatbile biomedical devices
US6494918B1 (en) 2000-01-30 2002-12-17 Diamicron, Inc. Component for a prosthetic joint having a diamond load bearing and articulation surface
US6514289B1 (en) 2000-01-30 2003-02-04 Diamicron, Inc. Diamond articulation surface for use in a prosthetic joint
US7494507B2 (en) * 2000-01-30 2009-02-24 Diamicron, Inc. Articulating diamond-surfaced spinal implants
US7396505B2 (en) * 1994-08-12 2008-07-08 Diamicron, Inc. Use of CoCrMo to augment biocompatibility in polycrystalline diamond compacts
US5993915A (en) * 1997-08-14 1999-11-30 Adaptive Coating Technologies, Llc Fusing thermal spray coating and heat treating base material using infrared heating
US7556763B2 (en) * 1999-12-08 2009-07-07 Diamicron, Inc. Method of making components for prosthetic joints
US7569176B2 (en) * 1999-12-08 2009-08-04 Diamicron, Inc. Method for making a sintered superhard prosthetic joint component
US20040199260A1 (en) * 2000-01-30 2004-10-07 Pope Bill J. Prosthetic joint component having at least one sintered polycrystalline diamond compact articulation surface and substrate surface topographical features in said polycrystalline diamond compact
US20100025898A1 (en) * 2000-01-30 2010-02-04 Pope Bill J USE OF Ti AND Nb CEMENTED TiC IN PROSTHETIC JOINTS
US6610095B1 (en) 2000-01-30 2003-08-26 Diamicron, Inc. Prosthetic joint having substrate surface topographical featurers and at least one diamond articulation surface
US20050203630A1 (en) * 2000-01-30 2005-09-15 Pope Bill J. Prosthetic knee joint having at least one diamond articulation surface
US8603181B2 (en) * 2000-01-30 2013-12-10 Dimicron, Inc Use of Ti and Nb cemented in TiC in prosthetic joints
US6655845B1 (en) * 2001-04-22 2003-12-02 Diamicron, Inc. Bearings, races and components thereof having diamond and other superhard surfaces
US20030019106A1 (en) * 2001-04-22 2003-01-30 Diamicron, Inc. Methods for making bearings, races and components thereof having diamond and other superhard surfaces
US20050133277A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-06-23 Diamicron, Inc. Superhard mill cutters and related methods
US8449991B2 (en) * 2005-04-07 2013-05-28 Dimicron, Inc. Use of SN and pore size control to improve biocompatibility in polycrystalline diamond compacts
DE102008059811B4 (de) * 2008-12-01 2014-10-09 SLF Oberflächentechnik GmbH Pulverlackierungs-Einbrennofen mit Kombinations-Strahler
CA2762826C (en) * 2009-05-22 2018-03-13 Mesocoat, Inc. Article and method of manufacturing related to nanocomposite overlays
US8663359B2 (en) 2009-06-26 2014-03-04 Dimicron, Inc. Thick sintered polycrystalline diamond and sintered jewelry
FR2982282A1 (fr) * 2011-11-07 2013-05-10 Icerma Procede de cuisson decors emails serigraphiques ou chromographiques sur ceramique ou sur metaux a l'aide des infrarouges haute densite permettant l'obtention d'une nouvelle qualite colorimetrique
DE202012102570U1 (de) * 2012-07-11 2012-08-08 SLF Oberflächentechnik GmbH Pulverlackierungs-Einbrennofen mit Flächenstrahler

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3206333A1 (de) * 1982-02-22 1983-09-01 Tschernev, Russi, Dipl.-Phys., 8011 Neukeferloh Einbrennofen
JPS63282279A (ja) * 1987-05-12 1988-11-18 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd アルミメッキホ−ロ−鋼板のホ−ロ−焼成法および焼成炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2041619T3 (es) 1997-03-16
WO1992021791A1 (fr) 1992-12-10
FR2677374A1 (fr) 1992-12-11
DE69217170D1 (de) 1997-03-13
DE69217170T2 (de) 1997-06-12
FR2677374B1 (fr) 1994-10-14
ES2041619T1 (es) 1993-12-01
EP0542968A1 (de) 1993-05-26
DE542968T1 (de) 1993-10-14
US5391408A (en) 1995-02-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0542968B1 (de) Verfahren und benutzung einer vorrichtung zum backen von emaille auf metalloberflächen, insbesondere aluminiumteile
EP0132248A2 (de) Verfahren und Vorricthung zum Einbrennen eines, auf einen Träger aufgebrachten Überzuges
EP0422979B1 (de) Heizrohr
EP0178217B1 (de) Verfahren zum internen Erhitzen einer Substanz, z.B. zur Vulkanisation oder Polymerisation
EP0624051A1 (de) Mikrowellenofen, insbesondere zum schnellen Heizen bei hohen Temperaturen
EP0520913A1 (de) Heizung mit katalytischem Brenner
FR2545586A1 (fr) Four electrique auto-nettoyant perfectionne
FR2504689A1 (fr) Ebauche de miroir leger pour l'astronomie et procede de production d'une ossature pour de telles ebauches
EP3066392B1 (de) Verfahren zum auftauen, aufwärmen und/oder garen von nahrungsmitteln
EP0504355A1 (de) Anlage zum kochen für kochherd oder kochplatte, mit wenigstens einem gasbrenner.
EP2753810A1 (de) Verbesserte flammhemmendes abschirmung
CH620289A5 (de)
FR2534275A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication de toles ou bandes d'acier electromagnetique a grains orientes
WO2000062333A1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage et de refroidissement integre dans un reacteur de traitement thermique d'un substrat
EP0443946B1 (de) Fenster mit verbessertem Parieto-dynamischen Effekt
EP3194143B1 (de) Verfahren zum erwärmen eines thermoplastischen gegenstands und vorrichtung dafür
EP1203511B1 (de) Induktions-infrarotsender und seine verwendungen
CA2021257C (fr) Procede et dispositif d'obtention de feuilles de verre bombees et/ou emaillees
FR2478266A1 (fr) Bruleur a gaz a rayonnement infrarouge retourne vers la base
EP3022037A1 (de) Verfahren zur montage von turbomaschinenteilen und in solch einem verfahren verwendete anordnung
TWI299515B (en) An infrared heating element and a substrate heater type vacuum chamber, particularly for vacuum coating facilities
FR2740660A1 (fr) Four de boulangerie et de patisserie
FR2706511A1 (fr) Plancher destiné à être équipé d'un élément de chauffage par le sol, procédés de réalisation d'un tel plancher et plaque modulaire pour la mise en Óoeuvre d'un desdits procédés.
EP2841851B1 (de) Elektrischer heizkörper mit bereichen von unterschiedlichem emissionsgrad auf der innenfläche der vorderseite
FR2609164A1 (fr) Four de cuisson de matieres ceramiques telles que dalles et similaires

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19930129

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

ITCL It: translation for ep claims filed

Representative=s name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO ROMA S.P.A.

GBC Gb: translation of claims filed (gb section 78(7)/1977)
DET De: translation of patent claims
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: BA2A

Ref document number: 2041619

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T1

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950215

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SEB S.A.

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19970203

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: 0403;01TOFBARZANO'E ZANARDO S.P.A.

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69217170

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19970313

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2041619

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19990602

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19990622

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19990629

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19990821

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000605

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 20000606

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20000605

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010228

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010403

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20020204

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050605