EP0541956B1 - Reel for material to be wound and unwound - Google Patents

Reel for material to be wound and unwound Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0541956B1
EP0541956B1 EP92117047A EP92117047A EP0541956B1 EP 0541956 B1 EP0541956 B1 EP 0541956B1 EP 92117047 A EP92117047 A EP 92117047A EP 92117047 A EP92117047 A EP 92117047A EP 0541956 B1 EP0541956 B1 EP 0541956B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cams
take
winding tube
circles
concentric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92117047A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0541956A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Häfner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Haefner and Krullmann GmbH
Original Assignee
Haefner and Krullmann GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Haefner and Krullmann GmbH filed Critical Haefner and Krullmann GmbH
Publication of EP0541956A1 publication Critical patent/EP0541956A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0541956B1 publication Critical patent/EP0541956B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
    • B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
    • B65H75/04—Kinds or types
    • B65H75/08—Kinds or types of circular or polygonal cross-section
    • B65H75/14—Kinds or types of circular or polygonal cross-section with two end flanges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/50—Storage means for webs, tapes, or filamentary material
    • B65H2701/51—Cores or reels characterised by the material
    • B65H2701/512—Cores or reels characterised by the material moulded
    • B65H2701/5122—Plastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a take-up spool for winding goods that can be rolled up and unrolled, such as tapes, wires and the like, with a winding tube and with two flange disks, which are provided on the facing end faces with profiles formed from protruding cams, which are concentric with the winding tube 11 on at least one extending and compared to the winding sleeve 11 larger diameters and the outer surfaces of which lie with a plane parallel to the inner surfaces of the flange disks.
  • the take-up spool in question is made of an impact-resistant plastic and is H-shaped in longitudinal section.
  • the side flange disks serve to limit the winding material wound on the winding tube and as an abutment for the rotating support flanges of a winding machine.
  • the flange disks made of metal are provided with ribs or constrictions, the radial length of which is relatively large. They extend approximately to the outer edge of each flange washer.
  • the known take-up spool is provided with flange disks, the thickness of which is constant.
  • the mass is extremely large, in particular in the outer edge region, so that extremely high centrifugal forces occur at said speed, which are also unfavorable.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a take-up spool of the generic type with a significantly higher impact resistance, in which also the centrifugal forces are reduced.
  • cams are arranged on a plurality of circles concentric to the winding tube, and in that the cross section of the flange disks decreases towards the outer edge, the outer surfaces running in an arc, a curve or in bends.
  • each individual cam is significantly reduced compared to the known design, so that it can be assumed that stress peaks are eliminated when the flange disks are suddenly loaded. This avoids the invisible, extremely dangerous cracks.
  • the outer end face of each individual cam is relatively small, but sufficient contact for the support flange is nevertheless achieved.
  • the cross-section of each flange disc is reduced towards the outer edge, the mass is significantly reduced so that the centrifugal force is correspondingly low.
  • the measures described achieve an optimal execution of the take-up spool.
  • a material-saving version is also proposed. Since the take-up spool can be wound more frequently, the number of take-up spools to be disposed of is also significantly less.
  • the number of concentric circles on which the cams lie depends on the diameter ratio of the flange discs. With those normally required However, it is sufficient for the take-up spools if the cams are arranged on three circles concentric to the winding tube.
  • the distances between the individual cams on each circle concentric to the winding tube are expediently arranged at the same distance from one another, since care must be taken to ensure that the cams do not cause any imbalance.
  • the cams on the individual circles are arranged at the same angular distance from one another, which means that the radian measure between two cams is larger on the outer circles than on the inner circles. So that the take-up spool produced by the injection molding process is to be removed from the mold, it is provided that the cams are conical in such a way that the cross sections decrease towards the free end.
  • 1 and 2 consists of a tubular winding sleeve 11 and two end flange disks 12, 13.
  • the diameter of the flange disks 12, 13 is much larger than the diameter of the winding sleeve 11.
  • the inner surfaces of the flange disks 12, 13 are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the take-up spool 10 or perpendicular to the circumferential surface of the winding tube 11.
  • Each flange disc 12, 13 is provided with a plurality of cams 14 on the outer, opposite end faces.
  • the outer edges of the flange disks 12, 13 are angled outwards. The free surfaces of these bends facing away from one another are flush with the outer surfaces of bilateral central projections 15, the outer diameter of which approximately matches the outer diameter of the winding tube 11.
  • each row of cams 14 is formed from a total of eight cams.
  • the cams are conical, with the cross section decreasing towards free outer surfaces.
  • Fig. 1 shows that in the illustrated embodiment, the cams are arranged so that the successive cams 14 lie on another circular arc, that is, they are arranged offset from one another.
  • the diameters of the circles are selected so that two cams 14 which follow one another in a circumferential direction overlap analogously.
  • the take-up spool 10 is provided in the interior of the winding tube 11 with a concentric bushing 16 which, however, can only extend over part of the length.
  • An integral plastic molding is formed from this bush 16, the flange disks 12, 13 and the winding tube 11.
  • a sleeve can also be inserted into the winding tube 11 on the side opposite the socket 16. 2 shows that the wall thickness of each flange plate 12, 13 decreases towards the outside. This can be done continuously in the form of an arc or a curve or in the form of kinks with visible transitions.

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  • Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Aufnahmespule für auf- und abrollbare Wickelgüter, wie Bänder, Drähte und dergleichen, mit einer Wickelhülse und mit zwei Flanschscheiben, die an den einander abgewandten Stirnflächen mit aus vorstehenden Nocken gebildeten Profilierungen versehen sind, die auf mindestens einem konzentrisch zur Wickelhülse 11 verlaufenden und gegenüber der Wickelhülse 11 größeren Durchmesser angeordnet sind und deren äußeren Flächen mit einer zu den Innenflächen der Flanschscheiben parallelen Ebene liegen.The invention relates to a take-up spool for winding goods that can be rolled up and unrolled, such as tapes, wires and the like, with a winding tube and with two flange disks, which are provided on the facing end faces with profiles formed from protruding cams, which are concentric with the winding tube 11 on at least one extending and compared to the winding sleeve 11 larger diameters and the outer surfaces of which lie with a plane parallel to the inner surfaces of the flange disks.

Die in Frage kommende Aufnahmespule ist aus einem schlagfesten Kunststoff gefertigt und im Längsschnitt H-förmig gestaltet. Die seitlichen Flanschscheiben dienen zur Begrenzung des auf die Wickelhülse gewickelten Wickelgutes und als Widerlager für mitrotierende Stützflansche einer Wickelmaschine.The take-up spool in question is made of an impact-resistant plastic and is H-shaped in longitudinal section. The side flange disks serve to limit the winding material wound on the winding tube and as an abutment for the rotating support flanges of a winding machine.

Bei einer aus der GB-A-298 378 vorbekannten Aufnahmespule sind die aus Metall gefertigten Flanschscheiben mit Rippen oder Einschnürungen versehen, deren radiale Länge relativ groß ist. Sie erstrecken sich annähernd bis an den äußeren Rand jeder Flanschscheibe.In a take-up spool known from GB-A-298 378, the flange disks made of metal are provided with ribs or constrictions, the radial length of which is relatively large. They extend approximately to the outer edge of each flange washer.

Bei diesen Aufnahmespulen hat es sich als Nachteil herausgestellt, daß die radial verlaufenden Rippen oder Einschnürungen zu Spannungsspitzen im Bereich der der Wickelhülse zugeordneten Stirnenden führen, wenn beispielsweise die Aufnahmespule auf den äußeren Rand einer Flanschscheibe fällt. Aus Sicherheitsgründen müßte dann eine weitere Verwendung verhindert werden, da feine Risse mit dem bloßen Auge nicht zu erkennen sind. Naturgemäß werden sie deshalb nicht aus dem Prozeß herausgenommen. In der Praxis hat sich nämlich gezeigt, daß dann bei den extrem hohen Drehzahlen Teile aus den Flanschscheiben herausgeschleudert werden können. Dabei muß man bedenken, daß die Drehzahl bei Beginn des Wickelvorganges beispielsweise 4.000 U/min. beträgt. Außerdem ist die vorbekannte Aufnahmespule mit Flanschscheiben versehen, deren Dicke konstant ist. Dadurch ist die Masse insbesondere im äußeren Randbereich äußerst groß, so daß bei der besagten Drehzahl extrem hohe Fliehkräfte auftreten, die ebenfalls ungünstig sind.In the case of these take-up coils, it has been found to be a disadvantage that the radially running ribs or constrictions lead to voltage peaks in the region of the ends associated with the winding tube if, for example, the take-up coil falls on the outer edge of a flange disk. For safety reasons, further use would then have to be prevented, since fine cracks cannot be seen with the naked eye. Naturally, therefore, they are not removed from the process. In practice it has been shown that parts can then be thrown out of the flange disks at the extremely high speeds. It must be borne in mind that the speed at the start of the winding process, for example, 4,000 rpm. is. In addition, the known take-up spool is provided with flange disks, the thickness of which is constant. As a result, the mass is extremely large, in particular in the outer edge region, so that extremely high centrifugal forces occur at said speed, which are also unfavorable.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Aufnahmespule der gattungsgemäßen Art mit einer wesentlich höheren Schlagfestigkeit zu schaffen, bei der außerdem noch die Fliehkräfte reduziert sind.The invention has for its object to provide a take-up spool of the generic type with a significantly higher impact resistance, in which also the centrifugal forces are reduced.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird gelöst, indem die Nocken auf mehreren zur Wickelhülse konzentrischen Kreisen angeordnet sind, und daß der Querschnitt der Flanschscheiben sich zum äußeren Rand hin verkleinert, wobei die Außenflächen in einem Bogen, einer Kurve oder in Abknickungen verlaufen.The object is achieved in that the cams are arranged on a plurality of circles concentric to the winding tube, and in that the cross section of the flange disks decreases towards the outer edge, the outer surfaces running in an arc, a curve or in bends.

Da nunmehr die die Profilierungen bildenden Nocken auf mehreren Kreisen angeordnet sind, wird die radiale Länge jedes einzelnen Nockens gegenüber der bekannten Ausführung deutlich reduziert, so daß man davon ausgehen kann, daß Spannungsspitzen bei einer schlagartigen Belastung der Flanschscheiben entfallen. Dadurch werden die unsichtbaren, äußerst gefährlichen Risse vermieden. Insgesamt ist die äußere Stirnfläche jedes einzelnen Nockens relativ klein, trotzdem wird eine ausreichende Anlage für den Stützflansch erreicht. Da sich der Querschnitt jeder Flanschscheibe zum äußeren Rand hin verkleinert, erfolgt eine deutliche Reduzierung der Masse, so daß die Fliehkraft entsprechend gering ist. Durch die beschriebenen Maßnahmen wird eine optimale Ausführung der Aufnahmespule erreicht. Außerdem wird eine materialsparende Ausführung vorgeschlagen. Da die Aufnahmespule häufiger bewickelt werden kann, ist auch die Anzahl der zu entsorgenden Aufnahmespulen deutlich geringer.Since the cams forming the profiles are now arranged on several circles, the radial length of each individual cam is significantly reduced compared to the known design, so that it can be assumed that stress peaks are eliminated when the flange disks are suddenly loaded. This avoids the invisible, extremely dangerous cracks. Overall, the outer end face of each individual cam is relatively small, but sufficient contact for the support flange is nevertheless achieved. Since the cross-section of each flange disc is reduced towards the outer edge, the mass is significantly reduced so that the centrifugal force is correspondingly low. The measures described achieve an optimal execution of the take-up spool. A material-saving version is also proposed. Since the take-up spool can be wound more frequently, the number of take-up spools to be disposed of is also significantly less.

Die Anzahl der konzentrischen Kreise auf denen die Nocken liegen, richtet sich nach den Durchmesserverhältnissen der Flanschscheiben. Bei den im Normalfall benötigten Aufnahmespulen ist es jedoch ausreichend, wenn die Nocken auf drei zur Wickelhülse konzentrischen Kreisen angeordnet sind. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Abstände zwischen den einzelnen Nocken auf jeden zur Wickelhülse konzentrischen Kreis im gleichen Abstand zueinander angeordnet, da dafür Sorge zu tragen ist, daß durch die Nocken keine Unwucht gebildet wird. Die Nocken auf den einzelnen Kreisen sind im gleichen Winkelabstand zueinander angeordnet, woraus sich ergibt, daß das Bogenmaß zwischen zwei Nocken auf den äußeren Kreisen größer ist als auf den inneren Kreisen. Damit die im Spritzgußverfahren hergestellte Aufnahmespule zu entformen ist, ist vorgesehen, daß die Nocken derart konisch ausgebildet sind, daß sich die Querschnitte zum freien Ende hin verkleinern.The number of concentric circles on which the cams lie depends on the diameter ratio of the flange discs. With those normally required However, it is sufficient for the take-up spools if the cams are arranged on three circles concentric to the winding tube. The distances between the individual cams on each circle concentric to the winding tube are expediently arranged at the same distance from one another, since care must be taken to ensure that the cams do not cause any imbalance. The cams on the individual circles are arranged at the same angular distance from one another, which means that the radian measure between two cams is larger on the outer circles than on the inner circles. So that the take-up spool produced by the injection molding process is to be removed from the mold, it is provided that the cams are conical in such a way that the cross sections decrease towards the free end.

Anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen wird die Erfindung noch näher erläutert.
Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Aufnahmespule in einer Stirnansicht und
  • Fig. 2 die Aufnahmespulen nach der Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt gem. der Linie II-II in der Fig. 1
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a take-up spool according to the invention in a front view
  • Fig. 2 shows the take-up spools according to FIG. 1 in longitudinal section. the line II-II in Fig. 1st

Die in den Fig. 1 und 2 aufgezeigte Aufnahmespule 10 besteht aus einer rohrförmigen Wickelhülse 11 und zwei stirnseitigen Flanschscheiben 12, 13. Der Durchmesser der Flanschscheiben 12, 13 ist wesentlich größer als der Durchmesser der Wickelhülse 11. Die Innenflächen der Flanschscheiben 12, 13 stehen senkrecht zur Drehachse der Aufnahmespule 10 bzw. senkrecht zur Umfangsfläche der Wickelhülse 11. An den äußeren, einander abgewandten Stirnflächen ist jede Flanschscheibe 12, 13 mit einer Vielzahl von Nocken 14 versehen. Die äußeren Ränder der Flanschscheiben 12, 13 sind nach außen abgewinkelt. Die freien einander abgewandt liegenden Flächen dieser Abwinklungen liegen fluchtend zu den äußeren Flächen von beidseitigen mittleren Ansätzen 15, deren Außendurchmesser mit dem Außendurchmesser der Wickelhülse 11 annähernd übereinstimmt. Auch die freien äußeren Flächen aller Nocken 14 liegen fluchtend zu den freien Flächen der Abwinklungen bzw. fluchtend zu den Ansätzen 15. Die Nocken 14 sind im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel in drei Reihen angeordnet, wobei die Nocken 14 jeder Reihe auf einem zur Wickelhülse 11 konzentrischen Kreis liegen. Die Winkelabstände zwischen zwei Nocken 14 einer Reihe sind gleich, so daß das Bogenmaß zwischen zwei Nocken der äußeren Reihe größer ist als das Bogenmaß der inneren und auch der mittleren Reihe. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird jede Reihe von Nocken 14 aus insgesamt acht Nocken gebildet. Die Nocken sind konisch ausgebildet, wobei sich der Querschnitt zu freien äußeren Flächen hin verkleinert. Die Fig. 1 zeigt, daß im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Nocken so angeordnet sind, daß die aufeinanderfolgenden Nocken 14 auf einem anderen Kreisbogen liegen, d.h. sie sind zueinander versetzt angeordnet. Die Durchmesser der Kreise sind so gewählt, daß zwei in einer Umlaufrichtung aufeinanderfolgende Nocken 14 sich sinngemäß überlappen. Die Aufnahmespule 10 ist im Inneren der Wickelhülse 11 mit einer konzentrischen Buchse 16 versehen, die sich jedoch nur über einen Teil der Länge erstrecken kann. Aus dieser Buchse 16, den Flanschscheiben 12,13 und der Wickelhülse 11 wird ein einstückiges Kunststofformteil gebildet. In nicht dargestellter Weise kann noch in die Wickelhülse 11 an der der Buchse 16 gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Hülse eingesetzt werden. Die Fig. 2 zeigt, daß sich die Wandstärke jeder Flanschscheibe 12,13 nach außen hin verkleinert. Dies kann kontinuierlich in Form eines Bogens oder einer Kurve erfolgen oder auch in Form von Abknickungen mit sichtbaren Übergängen.1 and 2 consists of a tubular winding sleeve 11 and two end flange disks 12, 13. The diameter of the flange disks 12, 13 is much larger than the diameter of the winding sleeve 11. The inner surfaces of the flange disks 12, 13 are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the take-up spool 10 or perpendicular to the circumferential surface of the winding tube 11. Each flange disc 12, 13 is provided with a plurality of cams 14 on the outer, opposite end faces. The outer edges of the flange disks 12, 13 are angled outwards. The free surfaces of these bends facing away from one another are flush with the outer surfaces of bilateral central projections 15, the outer diameter of which approximately matches the outer diameter of the winding tube 11. The free outer surfaces of all cams 14 are also flush with the free surfaces of the bends the approaches 15. The cams 14 are arranged in three rows in the illustrated embodiment, the cams 14 of each row lying on a circle concentric to the winding tube 11. The angular distances between two cams 14 of a row are the same, so that the radian between two cams of the outer row is larger than the radian of the inner and also the middle row. In the illustrated embodiment, each row of cams 14 is formed from a total of eight cams. The cams are conical, with the cross section decreasing towards free outer surfaces. Fig. 1 shows that in the illustrated embodiment, the cams are arranged so that the successive cams 14 lie on another circular arc, that is, they are arranged offset from one another. The diameters of the circles are selected so that two cams 14 which follow one another in a circumferential direction overlap analogously. The take-up spool 10 is provided in the interior of the winding tube 11 with a concentric bushing 16 which, however, can only extend over part of the length. An integral plastic molding is formed from this bush 16, the flange disks 12, 13 and the winding tube 11. In a manner not shown, a sleeve can also be inserted into the winding tube 11 on the side opposite the socket 16. 2 shows that the wall thickness of each flange plate 12, 13 decreases towards the outside. This can be done continuously in the form of an arc or a curve or in the form of kinks with visible transitions.

Claims (5)

  1. A take-up reel for winding materials which can be rolled up and unrolled such as belts, wires and the like, comprising a winding tube (11) and two flange plates (12, 13) which are provided at the mutually remote faces thereof with profile portions which are formed from projecting cams (14) and which are arranged on at least one diameter that extends concentrically with respect to the winding tube (11) and that is larger than the winding tube (11), the outer surfaces of the profile portions lying with a plane parallel to the inside surfaces of the flange plates (12, 13), characterised in that the cams (14) are arranged on a plurality of circles which are concentric with respect to the winding tube (11), and that the cross-section of each flange plate (12, 13) decreases towards the outer edge, the outside surface extending in an arc, a curve or in bend portions.
  2. A take-up reel according to claim 1 characterised in that the cams (14) are arranged on three circles which are concentric with respect to the winding tube (11).
  3. A take-up reel according to claim 1 characterised in that the angular spacings between two cams on each circle which is concentric with respect to the winding tube (11) are equal.
  4. A take-up reel according to claim 1 characterised in that the cams (14) which are arranged in succession, as viewed in a circumferential direction, are arranged on different circles.
  5. A take-up reel according to one or more of preceding claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the cams (14) are of a conical configuration such that the cross-sections decrease towards the free ends.
EP92117047A 1991-11-12 1992-10-06 Reel for material to be wound and unwound Expired - Lifetime EP0541956B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9114007U DE9114007U1 (en) 1991-11-12 1991-11-12 Take-up reel for winding and unwinding materials
DE9114007U 1991-11-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0541956A1 EP0541956A1 (en) 1993-05-19
EP0541956B1 true EP0541956B1 (en) 1997-05-14

Family

ID=6873144

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92117047A Expired - Lifetime EP0541956B1 (en) 1991-11-12 1992-10-06 Reel for material to be wound and unwound

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5383626A (en)
EP (1) EP0541956B1 (en)
DE (2) DE9114007U1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2272358A1 (en) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-01 Valentine L. Picton Unitary, high-load capacity plastic reel
US7222818B2 (en) * 2004-10-22 2007-05-29 Sonoco Development, Inc. Shipping spool
JP6459730B2 (en) * 2015-04-03 2019-01-30 株式会社豊田自動織機 Electrode manufacturing method and take-up reel

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US230665A (en) * 1880-08-03 And calvin g
US901719A (en) * 1905-08-23 1908-10-20 Volney W Mason Winch.
US877398A (en) * 1907-07-15 1908-01-21 American Pulley Co Sheet-metal spool.
GB298378A (en) * 1927-10-27 1928-10-11 Alfred Walter Saulter Improvements in and connected with spools for carrying wire and other flexible material
US2626764A (en) * 1945-12-10 1953-01-27 Sonoco Products Co Textile bobbin
US2574845A (en) * 1949-11-04 1951-11-13 Republic Steel Corp Sheet metal reel
US2928619A (en) * 1955-10-10 1960-03-15 Crown Zellerbach Corp Supply roll support and coupling device
US2990133A (en) * 1958-06-18 1961-06-27 American Pulley Co One piece molded spool
US3276717A (en) * 1963-08-13 1966-10-04 Roberts Co Spool and lifting member thereof
US3421191A (en) * 1966-12-20 1969-01-14 Celanese Corp Yarn winding apparatus
FR2233848A5 (en) * 1973-06-18 1975-01-10 Pechiney Aluminium Lightweight metal reel for wire - extensions on end pieces protruding into tubular body prevent deformation by load
FR2252757A5 (en) * 1973-11-23 1975-06-20 Stoquelet Michel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE9114007U1 (en) 1992-01-02
US5383626A (en) 1995-01-24
EP0541956A1 (en) 1993-05-19
DE59208487D1 (en) 1997-06-19

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