EP0541471B1 - Method of making steel slabs with square section and slabs so obtained - Google Patents
Method of making steel slabs with square section and slabs so obtained Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0541471B1 EP0541471B1 EP92470029A EP92470029A EP0541471B1 EP 0541471 B1 EP0541471 B1 EP 0541471B1 EP 92470029 A EP92470029 A EP 92470029A EP 92470029 A EP92470029 A EP 92470029A EP 0541471 B1 EP0541471 B1 EP 0541471B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slabs
- billet
- billets
- radius
- square
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000600039 Chromis punctipinnis Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
- B21B1/026—Rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for forging a piece of revolution from steel billets.
- the invention aims to solve this dilemma.
- the invention relates to a method according to claim 1.
- Such a semi-finished product is very similar to round bars and therefore no longer requires, at the forge, a complete pre-forging like conventional square billets.
- the invention thus makes it possible to extend, almost without cost, to round products the usual production range of quadrangular formats.
- the billets to be laminated according to the invention can of course be obtained by continuous casting in the state of blooms.
- the single figure is a sectional view, on a reduced scale, of a billet according to the invention.
- the billet 1 shown in the drawing is made from a square bloom from a continuous casting machine, then laminated into a billet until each side has a length c, and the four edges are rounded according to a rounding 2 having a radius r of between substantially 0.25c and 0.33c.
- the process targeted by the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain rounded billets, of a lower cost price than round bars, and which nevertheless can be used by blacksmiths by avoiding certain preforging operations, or even by completely replacing the round products in some applications.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Attitude Control For Articles On Conveyors (AREA)
- Steering Devices For Bicycles And Motorcycles (AREA)
- Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de forgeage de pièce de revolution à partir de billettes en acier.The present invention relates to a process for forging a piece of revolution from steel billets.
On sait que les demi-produits sidérurgiques destinés à la forge sont en général ronds, ou quadrangulaires et dans ce cas généralement de section carrée. Certains de ces demi-produits peuvent ultérieurement être travaillés à la forge pour en faire des produits finis prêts à l'emploi. Les forgerons ont donc en fait à choisir entre deux types de demi-produits :
- soit des barres rondes, qui présentent l'avantage d'être prêtes à l'emploi à la forge pour la fabrication de pièces de révolution, mais par contre sont relativement onéreuses à l'achat:
- soit des billettes carrées, plus économiques à l'achat, mais qui doivent être préforgées pour se rapprocher le plus possible d'un rond.
- or round bars, which have the advantage of being ready for use in the forge for the manufacture of revolution parts, but on the other hand are relatively expensive to purchase:
- or square billets, more economical to buy, but which must be pre-punched to get as close as possible to a circle.
Par ailleurs, le laminage de barres rondes directement sur les sites de production de billettes carrées soulève des difficultés, en raison des investissements supplémentaires nécessaires à cette fabrication et à la manutention des barres, investissements considérés d'ailleurs comme lourds pour une production somme toute marginale dans une gamme existante large de produits quadrangulaires.In addition, the rolling of round bars directly on the production sites of square billets raises difficulties, because of the additional investments necessary for this manufacturing and handling of the bars, investments considered besides as heavy for a production altogether marginal in a wide existing range of quadrangular products.
L'invention a pour but de résoudre ce dilemme.The invention aims to solve this dilemma.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé selon la revendication 1.To this end, the invention relates to a method according to
Un tel demi-produit se rapproche notablement des barres rondes et ne nécessite donc plus, à la forge, un préforgeage complet comme les billettes carrées classiques.Such a semi-finished product is very similar to round bars and therefore no longer requires, at the forge, a complete pre-forging like conventional square billets.
Elles peuvent de plus dans certains cas se substituer complètement aux barres rondes, et leur prix de revient est largement inférieur à celui de ces dernières.In addition, they can in some cases completely replace round bars, and their cost price is much lower than that of the latter.
L'invention permet ainsi d'élargir quasiment sans frais vers les produits ronds la gamme de production habituelle des formats quadrangulaires.The invention thus makes it possible to extend, almost without cost, to round products the usual production range of quadrangular formats.
Les billettes à laminer selon l'invention peuvent bien entendu être obtenues par coulée continue à l'état de blooms.The billets to be laminated according to the invention can of course be obtained by continuous casting in the state of blooms.
L'invention sera maintenant décrite en référence au dessin annexé qui illustre une forme de réalisation d'une billette selon l'invention.The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which illustrates an embodiment of a billet according to the invention.
La figure unique est une vue en section, à échelle réduite, d'une billette selon l'invention.The single figure is a sectional view, on a reduced scale, of a billet according to the invention.
La billette 1 représentée au dessin est fabriquée à partir d'un bloom carré issu d'une machine de coulée continue, puis laminé en billette jusqu'à ce que chaque côté présente une longueur c, et que les quatre arêtes soient arrondies selon un arrondi 2 ayant un rayon r compris entre sensiblement 0,25c et 0,33c.The
A cet effet, on remplace dans les cages de laminage, les cylindres habituels à fond de cannelures à rayon faible par des cylindres à cannelures à fond arrondi, adapté à la courbure que l'on veut obtenir pour les arêtes.To this end, in the rolling stands, the usual cylinders with a small radius groove bottom are replaced by cylinders with rounded bottom grooves, adapted to the curvature which it is desired to obtain for the edges.
Les limites précitées se justifient de la manière suivante : si le rayon r est inférieur à 0,25c, la billette obtenue se rapproche trop des billettes carrées. Les forgerons devraient donc la forger eux-mêmes pour la rapprocher d'une billette ronde. Une telle billette ne présenterait en fait aucun intérêt pour les forgerons.The aforementioned limits are justified as follows: if the radius r is less than 0.25c, the billet obtained is too close to the square billets. The blacksmiths should therefore forge it themselves to bring it closer to a round billet. Such a billet would in fact be of no interest to blacksmiths.
Il convient de rappeler à ce sujet qu'une billette carrée habituelle a en fait des arêtes légèrement arrondies. Ainsi une billette de 100mm de côté a un rayon d'angle de sensiblement 15mm (0,15c).It should be remembered in this regard that a usual square billet actually has slightly rounded edges. Thus a 100mm side billet has a corner radius of substantially 15mm (0.15c).
Si par contre le rayon r est supérieur à 0,33c, cela soulèvera une difficulté pour le producteur de billettes, car ces produits arrondis auront trop tendance à rouler plutôt qu'à glisser sur les installations situées en aval du train de laminage. Or sur les lignes de production de billettes carrées, celles-ci doivent pouvoir glisser, en raison de leurs faces planes. Il faudrait donc reconsidérer la conception des outils de manutention, ce qui entraînerait pour les producteurs de billettes des investissements supplémentaires onéreux, qui grèveraient le coût de production des billettes arrondies.If, on the other hand, the radius r is greater than 0.33c, this will raise a difficulty for the billet producer, since these rounded products will have too much tendency to roll rather than slip on the installations located downstream from the rolling train. However, on square billet production lines, these must be able to slide, because of their flat faces. The design of the handling tools should therefore be reconsidered, which would entail costly additional investments for billet producers, which would increase the cost of producing rounded billets.
Le procédé visé par l'invention permet donc l'obtention de billettes arrondies, de prix de revient moins élevé que les barres rondes, et qui néanmoins peuvent être utilisées par les forgerons en évitant certaines opérations de préforgeage, ou même en se substituant complètement aux produits ronds dans certaines applications.The process targeted by the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain rounded billets, of a lower cost price than round bars, and which nevertheless can be used by blacksmiths by avoiding certain preforging operations, or even by completely replacing the round products in some applications.
Claims (3)
- Method of forging axisymmetric components from billets made of steel, characterized in that billets of scare of substantially square format are rolled on a billet-rolling mill train, into a rounded edge (2) having a radius (r) lying between substantially one quarter and one third of the length (c) of one side of the said billet, and then the billets thus obtained are forged.
- Steel billet intended to be forged, characterized in that it has a substantially square format, the four edges being rounded into a rounded edge (2) having a radius (r) lying between one quarter and one third of the length (c) of one side, and in that it is obtained by a rolling operation according to Claim 1.
- Steel billet according to Claim 2, characterized in that it is obtained from a bloom produced by continuous casting.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9113833 | 1991-11-08 | ||
FR9113833A FR2683468B1 (en) | 1991-11-08 | 1991-11-08 | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF QUADRANGULAR FORMAT STEEL BILLETS AND BILLETS THUS OBTAINED. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0541471A1 EP0541471A1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
EP0541471B1 true EP0541471B1 (en) | 1996-06-12 |
Family
ID=9418779
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92470029A Expired - Lifetime EP0541471B1 (en) | 1991-11-08 | 1992-10-23 | Method of making steel slabs with square section and slabs so obtained |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0541471B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE139152T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69211492T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0541471T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2089466T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2683468B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3020448T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6390905B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-05-21 | Speedfam-Ipec Corporation | Workpiece carrier with adjustable pressure zones and barriers |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1529301A (en) * | 1923-04-17 | 1925-03-10 | Diescher & Sons S | Manufacture of billets for seamless tubes |
FR1489187A (en) * | 1966-06-08 | 1967-07-21 | Improvements in rolled products | |
DE1909699A1 (en) * | 1969-02-26 | 1970-09-17 | Vyzk Ustav Hutnictvi Zeleza | High quality steel |
DE2821888C2 (en) * | 1978-05-19 | 1980-10-09 | Kocks Technik Gmbh & Co, 4000 Duesseldorf | Device for calibrating metal blocks |
-
1991
- 1991-11-08 FR FR9113833A patent/FR2683468B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-10-23 AT AT92470029T patent/ATE139152T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-23 DE DE69211492T patent/DE69211492T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-23 ES ES92470029T patent/ES2089466T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-23 EP EP92470029A patent/EP0541471B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-23 DK DK92470029.7T patent/DK0541471T3/en active
-
1996
- 1996-07-03 GR GR960401821T patent/GR3020448T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69211492T2 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
FR2683468B1 (en) | 1995-06-09 |
DK0541471T3 (en) | 1996-10-28 |
FR2683468A1 (en) | 1993-05-14 |
ES2089466T3 (en) | 1996-10-01 |
DE69211492D1 (en) | 1996-07-18 |
GR3020448T3 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
ATE139152T1 (en) | 1996-06-15 |
EP0541471A1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN100529445C (en) | Method for making a cylindrical bearing member, and groove forming mold core pin | |
FR2591919A1 (en) | MACHINE TOOL FOR ROLLING BY DISCHARGE OF HOLLOW CYLINDRICAL PIECES | |
FR2501085A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR LAMINATION OF SLABS TO PRODUCE BLANKS OF POULTRY AND CANNED CYLINDER FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION | |
EP0541471B1 (en) | Method of making steel slabs with square section and slabs so obtained | |
CA1170024A (en) | Axle manufacturing process | |
RU2339483C1 (en) | Method of manufacture of parts of axisymmetric cup type | |
FR2464759A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR FORMING BLANKS OF METAL BEAMS | |
JP3321353B2 (en) | Rolling method for bar and wire rods and rolling equipment used therefor | |
FR2779672A1 (en) | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METAL PROFILES OF POLYGONAL SECTION BY CONTINUOUS CASTING ON A THREADED WHEEL AND CONTINUOUS LAMINATION | |
CH376955A (en) | Process for the manufacture of rolling stock axles | |
JPH0284203A (en) | Method for rolling parallel flanged shape steel | |
NL193900C (en) | Method for the production of continuous scallops for continuous casting machines as well as calibration mandrel for carrying out the method. | |
US395350A (en) | Apparatus for rerolling old rails | |
US170817A (en) | Improvement in grate-bars | |
FR2568796A1 (en) | PROFILING OF I AND U LAMINATED BEAMS IN A REVERSIBLE DEGREASER TRAIN AND A CONTINUOUSLY CONTINUOUS FINISHER TRAIN | |
RU2351411C1 (en) | Oval of light-section mill | |
WO2001060537A3 (en) | Method and device for producing metal items from metal blanks | |
RU2064350C1 (en) | Method for manufacturing large-size grooved section | |
US410651A (en) | Making metal rolls | |
RU2181313C2 (en) | Shape bending mill for making tubes with folded seam | |
JPH0761485B2 (en) | Finish rolling method for shaped steel | |
FR2581900A1 (en) | QUARTO LAMINATOR FOR ROLLING GLOSS FLAT PRODUCTS | |
RU2073577C1 (en) | Method for rolling of wheel-type products | |
JPH012703A (en) | Universal rolling method for channel steel with projections | |
US297593A (en) | Manufacture of split blanks |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19930908 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19950209 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: UNIMETAL |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 139152 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19960615 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: 68708 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: ING. DR. LAZZARO MARTINI S.R.L. |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69211492 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19960718 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19960816 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: FG4A Free format text: 3020448 |
|
SC4A | Pt: translation is available |
Free format text: 960614 AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2089466 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2089466 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19990915 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19990920 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19990923 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19990929 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Payment date: 19991020 Year of fee payment: 8 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 19991020 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20000915 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20000921 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20000925 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20000927 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Payment date: 20000929 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20001002 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20001005 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20001023 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20001024 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 20001030 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20001031 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20001031 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20001031 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20001031 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: UNIMETAL Effective date: 20001031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010501 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 92470029.7 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20010501 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011023 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20011023 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011023 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011023 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020430 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20011023 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020702 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: MM4A Free format text: LAPSE DUE TO NON-PAYMENT OF FEES Effective date: 20020430 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20011113 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051023 |