EP0536460B1 - Device for screwing to containers caps or plugs provided with outer knurling by a predetermined, constant driving torque - Google Patents
Device for screwing to containers caps or plugs provided with outer knurling by a predetermined, constant driving torque Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0536460B1 EP0536460B1 EP19910830419 EP91830419A EP0536460B1 EP 0536460 B1 EP0536460 B1 EP 0536460B1 EP 19910830419 EP19910830419 EP 19910830419 EP 91830419 A EP91830419 A EP 91830419A EP 0536460 B1 EP0536460 B1 EP 0536460B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- screwing
- cap
- bell
- outer flange
- socket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001354471 Pseudobahia Species 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67B—APPLYING CLOSURE MEMBERS TO BOTTLES JARS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; OPENING CLOSED CONTAINERS
- B67B3/00—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps
- B67B3/20—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps by applying and rotating preformed threaded caps
- B67B3/2073—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps by applying and rotating preformed threaded caps comprising torque limiting means
Definitions
- This invention regards a device for screwing to containers caps or plugs provided with outer knurling by a predetermined, constant driving torque.
- Such devices are shown in WO-A-8602917, GB-A-2111964, GB-A-948351 and FR-A-2166796.
- a first subsidiary device intended to be used with particular caps or in case of hard screwing or very light driving torque provides for screwing but not tightening the cap without any limit to the screwing torque, while a set clutch seeks to provide for the final tightenings.
- Another device to be interposed between the screwing head and the spindle of the screwer allows the revolutions of the screwing head to be increased with regard to the spindle so that also cappers can be used designed for aluminum caps and not adapted to screw pre-threaded caps.
- the present invention seeks to provide a solution to the problem of screwing and tightening pre-threaded caps or plugs to containers by an extremely simple and reliable device according to claim 1 characterized by a very low, constant driving torque (figs. 4, 5).
- screwing cappers are generally comprised of a collar support on which the container, e.g. a bottle, is standing with the cap to be screwed resting on its mouth and a motor shaft in line with the cap, which shaft can carry out two motions: a rotary motion and a reciprocal traverse motion covering the distance from the container to which the cap has to be screwed.
- the device of the invention also called in the art “screwing head" is placed at the end of the motor shaft of the cappers and provides for the screwing of the cap to the container and then for the tightening thereof. It is self evident that a right and constant torque wrench setting is very important both to assure the hermetic seal of the container and to allow the cap to be easily screwed out.
- the device of the present invention provides by an extremely simple means a driving torque which is independent of the speed of rotation of the "screwing head" as the mass of the screwing members to be clamped to the cap when the latter is being tightened is reduced to a minimum so that the kinetic energy of such members would not be transmitted to the cap, in other word the "flywheel” effect is avoided as it will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the main section of the device in its easiest arrangement is shown in Fig. 1.
- Main body 1 of the device is connected to the motor shaft of spindle 2 through cover 3; spline shaft 4 is rotatably driven through tabs 5 and pins 6 by main body 1 and can be axially shifted with regard thereto according to the length of grooves 7.
- spline shaft 4 ends in a flange 4F and a central bell 4C.
- a socket-carrying central member 8 having an outer flange 8A is provided within said bell and supported by bearings 9 so as to freely rotate with regard to spline shaft 4. Bearings 9 are held by plastic ring 10, while central member 8 is held by screw and washer 11.
- Flange 4F carries a set of magnetic elements 13 in a sunburst arrangement facing a similar set of magnetic elements 14, arranged on flange 8A thus forming a magnetic "clutch", the torque of which transmitted thereby can be varied by changing the height of the spacer 15 and the distance between magnetic sets 13 and 14.
- screwing socket 16 Connected to socket-carrying axis 8 is a screwing socket 16 which is thus interchangeable.
- the interior of screwing socket 16 consists is bell shaped as indicated by 16C fo facilitate the introduction of the cap or plug 17 to be screwed, and a set of inner teeth is disposed in the almost cylindrical seat (16D - see also Fig. 6) which teeth engage outer knurling 17R of the cap when the latter is introduced therein. It is apparent that, if the cap type to be screwed changes it is necessary also to change the screwing socket to assure the compatibility between teeth 16D and knurling 17R.
- Bell 18 which is made integral with flange 4F, besides having and aesthetic function, has the function of protecting the interior of the screwing head from the liquids abounding in such operations. Dust covers 19 and 20 have a similar protection function. Springs 21 and 22 placed between head 3 and cup 23, hold spline shaft 4 in its extended position. A grease nipple for the inner lubrication is designed by 24.
- the "screwing head” rotates along with spindle 2 and approaches axially the container with cap 17 resting on the threaded mouth.
- the arrangement is such that cap 17 is snugly introduced into the "centering bell” 16C during the approaching motion of the screwing head to the container, and the cap is inserted into the toothed seat 16D up to the contact with the screwing socket, whereupon cap 17 pushed against screwing socket 16 causes spline shaft 4 to retract into main body 1 of the head and to press springs 21 and 22.
- the head remains for a while in such "advanced” position rotating about itself in the screwing direction of the cap.
- cap 17 is screwed to the container and in such screwing motion it is shifted so that screwing socket 16 and spline shaft 4 under the action of springs 21 and 22 follow the shifting of cap 17.
- a very special screwing socket 16 which is a further development of the foregoing socket is shown. It contains internally an accomodation cone 16C but no teeth 16D. Instead of the latter a cylindrical seat is provided with the function of promoting the straightening of cap 17 during the insertion into screwing socket 16.
- screwing socket 16 serves as guide for cap 17 and as seat for the toothed toroidal member 16TD which is formed of a ring the interior of which is shaped as a truncated cone and formed with teeth for engaging the cap. Such engagement is provided when cap 17 is pressed against the toothing of ring 16TD.
- Figs. 3 and 4 a plan view and an elevation view of the cycloidal gearing-up system are shown, respectively. It is interconnected between motor shaft 2 and the body of the head 1.
- cover 3 of the above screwing head is removed and a gearing-up system is screwed thereto.
- bell 32 is rigidly connected to motor shaft 2 and made integral with gear 33.
- the latter drives gear 34 through two pairs of planetary gears 35 and 36 supported by spider plate 37 which is held against rotation by rod 38.
- central gear 34 which is integral with the body of head 1 rotates faster than gear 32 and motor shaft 2 in the same direction.
- the other members, bearings, pins and elastic rings have the evident function of holding the components and avoiding pebbles.
- Fig. 2 a complementary device adapted for particular caps, very light driving torques, and non homagenously screwed caps is shown.
- Such device provides an additional system with several oscillating arms 40 radially extending from screwing socket 116 and hinged to flange 104F by rotation pins 41.
- the closure and opening of such oscillating arms is controlled by ring 42 connected in turn to body 101 of the head through bell 43.
- the closure is caused by the pressure of ring 42 against ball 44 which is exerted when the screwing socket causes spline shaft 104 to retract into the head, while the opening of the oscillating arms is caused by the same ring 42 pushing "lever" 45 of each arm when spline shaft 104 returns to its resting extended position.
- Figs. 6 and 7 Such position is shown in Figs. 6 and 7 wherein in the former also the inner teeth of the screwed cap are shown.
- teeth 46 are completely disengaged from rooms 47 as shown in Fig. 5.
- screwing socket 116 is rotated by teeth 46 which in turn are made integral with the head and then subjected to a non-limited screwing couple.
- the arrangement of the system and the relative position of the head with respect to the container (e.g. a bottle) in the screwing position is such that before reaching the end of the screwing of the cap the oscillating arms 40 are being opened and teeth 46 are disengaged from rooms 47. It is now evident that the set clutch can brake by a very low friction amounts.
- a tooth 48 is shown which can engage an oscillating arm 40 and protects the seal of the cap from injuries during the screwing.
- the screwing position is shown in Fig. 7.
- the funnel bell 49 socalled “centering member” has the function of conveying cap 117 into socket 116, is provided with as many rooms as the oscillating arms 40, and is rigidly connected to spline shaft 104 by screws 51.
- Central bell 104C in which journalling bearings of the central member 108 are housed is now separated from spline shaft 104 by construction reasons but bell flange 104 is rigidly connected thereto by screws 50.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Of Jars (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Description
- This invention regards a device for screwing to containers caps or plugs provided with outer knurling by a predetermined, constant driving torque. Such devices are shown in WO-A-8602917, GB-A-2111964, GB-A-948351 and FR-A-2166796.
- A first subsidiary device intended to be used with particular caps or in case of hard screwing or very light driving torque provides for screwing but not tightening the cap without any limit to the screwing torque, while a set clutch seeks to provide for the final tightenings.
- Another device to be interposed between the screwing head and the spindle of the screwer allows the revolutions of the screwing head to be increased with regard to the spindle so that also cappers can be used designed for aluminum caps and not adapted to screw pre-threaded caps.
- The present invention seeks to provide a solution to the problem of screwing and tightening pre-threaded caps or plugs to containers by an extremely simple and reliable device according to claim 1 characterized by a very low, constant driving torque (figs. 4, 5).
- As known, screwing cappers are generally comprised of a collar support on which the container, e.g. a bottle, is standing with the cap to be screwed resting on its mouth and a motor shaft in line with the cap, which shaft can carry out two motions: a rotary motion and a reciprocal traverse motion covering the distance from the container to which the cap has to be screwed. The device of the invention, also called in the art "screwing head", is placed at the end of the motor shaft of the cappers and provides for the screwing of the cap to the container and then for the tightening thereof. It is self evident that a right and constant torque wrench setting is very important both to assure the hermetic seal of the container and to allow the cap to be easily screwed out.
- The device of the present invention provides by an extremely simple means a driving torque which is independent of the speed of rotation of the "screwing head" as the mass of the screwing members to be clamped to the cap when the latter is being tightened is reduced to a minimum so that the kinetic energy of such members would not be transmitted to the cap, in other word the "flywheel" effect is avoided as it will be described with reference to the drawings. The main section of the device in its easiest arrangement is shown in Fig. 1. Main body 1 of the device is connected to the motor shaft of
spindle 2 through cover 3;spline shaft 4 is rotatably driven throughtabs 5 andpins 6 by main body 1 and can be axially shifted with regard thereto according to the length of grooves 7. The operating portion ofspline shaft 4 ends in aflange 4F and a central bell 4C. A socket-carrying central member 8 having an outer flange 8A is provided within said bell and supported by bearings 9 so as to freely rotate with regard tospline shaft 4. Bearings 9 are held byplastic ring 10, while central member 8 is held by screw and washer 11. -
Flange 4F carries a set ofmagnetic elements 13 in a sunburst arrangement facing a similar set ofmagnetic elements 14, arranged on flange 8A thus forming a magnetic "clutch", the torque of which transmitted thereby can be varied by changing the height of thespacer 15 and the distance betweenmagnetic sets - Connected to socket-carrying axis 8 is a
screwing socket 16 which is thus interchangeable. The interior ofscrewing socket 16 consists is bell shaped as indicated by 16C fo facilitate the introduction of the cap orplug 17 to be screwed, and a set of inner teeth is disposed in the almost cylindrical seat (16D - see also Fig. 6) which teeth engage outer knurling 17R of the cap when the latter is introduced therein. It is apparent that, if the cap type to be screwed changes it is necessary also to change the screwing socket to assure the compatibility betweenteeth 16D and knurling 17R. - Bell 18, which is made integral with
flange 4F, besides having and aesthetic function, has the function of protecting the interior of the screwing head from the liquids abounding in such operations. Dust covers 19 and 20 have a similar protection function. Springs 21 and 22 placed between head 3 and cup 23, holdspline shaft 4 in its extended position. A grease nipple for the inner lubrication is designed by 24. - In operation, the "screwing head" rotates along with
spindle 2 and approaches axially the container withcap 17 resting on the threaded mouth. The arrangement is such thatcap 17 is snugly introduced into the "centering bell" 16C during the approaching motion of the screwing head to the container, and the cap is inserted into thetoothed seat 16D up to the contact with the screwing socket, whereuponcap 17 pushed againstscrewing socket 16 causesspline shaft 4 to retract into main body 1 of the head and to presssprings cap 17 is screwed to the container and in such screwing motion it is shifted so thatscrewing socket 16 andspline shaft 4 under the action ofsprings cap 17. - At the end of the screwing of the cap the resisting moment increases quickly, and as soon as it exceeds the couple of the magnetic clutch, screwing
socket 16 and axis 8 stop along withcap 17, whilespline shaft 4 carries on rotating along with the "screwing head". After a certain time or a predetermined number of revolutions ofspindle 2 the head is moved away from the screwing position to the container by an axial movement,spline shaft 4 carries on rotating untiltabs 5 reach the end of grooves 7 and then spline shaft along with screwingsocket 16 moves together with the head away from the cap which has been screwed to the container. - In Fig. 2 a very
special screwing socket 16 which is a further development of the foregoing socket is shown. It contains internally anaccomodation cone 16C but noteeth 16D. Instead of the latter a cylindrical seat is provided with the function of promoting the straightening ofcap 17 during the insertion intoscrewing socket 16. - In such a
solution screwing socket 16 serves as guide forcap 17 and as seat for the toothed toroidal member 16TD which is formed of a ring the interior of which is shaped as a truncated cone and formed with teeth for engaging the cap. Such engagement is provided whencap 17 is pressed against the toothing of ring 16TD. - In Figs. 3 and 4 a plan view and an elevation view of the cycloidal gearing-up system are shown, respectively. It is interconnected between
motor shaft 2 and the body of the head 1. In practice cover 3 of the above screwing head is removed and a gearing-up system is screwed thereto. Thusbell 32 is rigidly connected tomotor shaft 2 and made integral withgear 33. The latter drivesgear 34 through two pairs ofplanetary gears spider plate 37 which is held against rotation byrod 38. Thuscentral gear 34 which is integral with the body of head 1 rotates faster thangear 32 andmotor shaft 2 in the same direction. The other members, bearings, pins and elastic rings have the evident function of holding the components and avoiding pebbles. - In Fig. 2 a complementary device adapted for particular caps, very light driving torques, and non homagenously screwed caps is shown.
- With reference to Figs. 5, 6 and 7 the same components as the preceding Fig. 1 are indicated at the same numerals increased by 100 so that the main body of head 1 of Fig. 1 is indicated at 101 a.s.o., the additional components having progressive numerals.
- Such device provides an additional system with several oscillating
arms 40 radially extending fromscrewing socket 116 and hinged to flange 104F byrotation pins 41. The closure and opening of such oscillating arms is controlled byring 42 connected in turn tobody 101 of the head throughbell 43. - The closure is caused by the pressure of
ring 42 againstball 44 which is exerted when the screwing socket causesspline shaft 104 to retract into the head, while the opening of the oscillating arms is caused by thesame ring 42 pushing "lever" 45 of each arm whenspline shaft 104 returns to its resting extended position. - Provided on one or more oscillating arms is a
tooth 46 "penetrating"room 47 formed in thescrewing socket 116 when the arms are in the "closed" position. Such position is shown in Figs. 6 and 7 wherein in the former also the inner teeth of the screwed cap are shown. Whenarms 40 are in the "opened"position teeth 46 are completely disengaged fromrooms 47 as shown in Fig. 5. - Therefore, when the arms are in a closed
position screwing socket 116 is rotated byteeth 46 which in turn are made integral with the head and then subjected to a non-limited screwing couple. - When
teeth 46 pass throughroom 47 screwing socket is rotated only by the set clutch. - The arrangement of the system and the relative position of the head with respect to the container (e.g. a bottle) in the screwing position is such that before reaching the end of the screwing of the cap the oscillating
arms 40 are being opened andteeth 46 are disengaged fromrooms 47. It is now evident that the set clutch can brake by a very low friction amounts. - In Fig. 6 a
tooth 48 is shown which can engage an oscillatingarm 40 and protects the seal of the cap from injuries during the screwing. The screwing position is shown in Fig. 7. Thefunnel bell 49 socalled "centering member" has the function of conveyingcap 117 intosocket 116, is provided with as many rooms as the oscillatingarms 40, and is rigidly connected tospline shaft 104 byscrews 51. Central bell 104C in which journalling bearings of thecentral member 108 are housed is now separated fromspline shaft 104 by construction reasons butbell flange 104 is rigidly connected thereto byscrews 50.
Claims (4)
- A device for screwing onto containers threaded caps or plugs provided with outer knurling by a predetermined, constant driving torque comprising in combination: a main body (1) connected to a driving motor shaft (2), a spline shaft (4) sliding lenghtwise within said main body (1) and rotatably driven thereby by means of a pin (6) and tab (5) system that also limits the axial sliding stroke therebetween, at the lower end of which a central bell (4C) is formed having an outer flange (4F), inside which bell a freely rotating member (8) is received having at its lower end an outer flange (8A) facing the outer flange (4F) of said central bell (4C) and a downwardly facing socket (16) provided with a set of internal teeth (16D) firmly engaging the cap to be screwed onto the container, wherein a magnetic clutch member (13,14) acts between said facing flanges (4F and 8A) in order to frictionally transmit the rotational movement of said spline shaft (4) to said central member (8) for screwing said cap onto the container.
- The device of claim 1, wherein said magnetic clutch comprises a first set of permanent magnets(13) and a second set of permanent magnets (14) arranged on said facing flanges (4F and 8A), respectively.
- The device of Claim 1, wherein the construction of the assembly of freely rotating member (8) with a projecting outer flange (8A) and said set of permanent magnets (14) allows the mass of the assembly to be so reduced that any "flywheel" effect on the cap to be screwed is avoided.
- The device of claim 1, wherein a spacer of variable thickness (15) is interposed between said facing flanges (4F and 8A) to allow the distance therebetween to be varied and accordingly, to vary the magnetic friction effect.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910830419 EP0536460B1 (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1991-10-08 | Device for screwing to containers caps or plugs provided with outer knurling by a predetermined, constant driving torque |
DE1991626782 DE69126782T2 (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1991-10-08 | Device for torque-limiting screwing of screw caps with external grooves on containers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910830419 EP0536460B1 (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1991-10-08 | Device for screwing to containers caps or plugs provided with outer knurling by a predetermined, constant driving torque |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0536460A1 EP0536460A1 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
EP0536460B1 true EP0536460B1 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
Family
ID=8208975
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910830419 Expired - Lifetime EP0536460B1 (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1991-10-08 | Device for screwing to containers caps or plugs provided with outer knurling by a predetermined, constant driving torque |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0536460B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69126782T2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101112966B (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2010-07-14 | 金坛市中正包装机械科技有限公司 | Quick-changing type cap rotating device |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2724430B1 (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-11-22 | Serac Sa | TORQUE LIMITATION TRANSMISSION DEVICE |
IT1292902B1 (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1999-02-11 | Azionaria Costruzioni Acma Spa | DEVICE TO SCREW A SCREW CAP ON THE NECK OF A CONTAINER. |
ES2195699B1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2005-02-16 | Nicolas Tirado Romano | HEAD WITH MAGNETIC TORQUE LIMITER FOR THREADING MACHINES. |
US7846395B2 (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2010-12-07 | Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. | Container closure and device to install and remove closure |
DE102009042147A1 (en) | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-24 | Closure Systems International Deutschland Gmbh | Closing head for screwing on screw caps |
DE102011003074A1 (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-07-26 | Bericap Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device and method for closing containers with screw cap |
CN102707615B (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2014-04-16 | 湖北江汉石油仪器仪表股份有限公司 | Underground high-temperature electronic timer |
DE102012020026B4 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2015-03-19 | Groninger GmbH & Co. KG | Closing device with a monolithic gripping part |
CN109573925A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-05 | 无锡飞天润滑油科技股份有限公司 | Lubricating oil auto-filling seal line |
CN109455651B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2023-11-28 | 苏州凌耀制药设备有限公司 | Bottle cap locking structure |
CN113501479B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-23 | 徐州智云安全技术研究院有限公司 | Intelligent assembling device based on robot assembly line |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB948351A (en) * | 1960-03-08 | 1964-01-29 | Metal Closures Ltd | Improvements in or relating to machines for capping screw threaded containers |
DE7148902U (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1972-06-08 | Fuerstlich Hohenzollernsche Huettenverwaltung Lauchertha | CLOSING HEAD FOR SCREWING PLASTIC SCREW CAPS ON BOTTLES |
US4485609A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1984-12-04 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Torque limited cap applicating head |
EP0201481A1 (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-11-20 | WIEDMER, Ernst | Closure head of a filling board device for beverage bottles |
DE3912324A1 (en) * | 1989-04-16 | 1990-10-25 | Alcoa Gmbh Verpackwerke | Fitting of screw caps to containers - involves machine with jaws to grip cap and then to rotate it |
-
1991
- 1991-10-08 EP EP19910830419 patent/EP0536460B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-08 DE DE1991626782 patent/DE69126782T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101112966B (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2010-07-14 | 金坛市中正包装机械科技有限公司 | Quick-changing type cap rotating device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0536460A1 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
DE69126782T2 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
DE69126782D1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
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