EP0533550B1 - Divergent nozzle for drilling tool and tool using this nozzle - Google Patents

Divergent nozzle for drilling tool and tool using this nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0533550B1
EP0533550B1 EP92402518A EP92402518A EP0533550B1 EP 0533550 B1 EP0533550 B1 EP 0533550B1 EP 92402518 A EP92402518 A EP 92402518A EP 92402518 A EP92402518 A EP 92402518A EP 0533550 B1 EP0533550 B1 EP 0533550B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
nozzle
divergent
fluid
wall
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP92402518A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0533550A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Besson
Bernard Pontneau
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E21B10/61—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0078—Nozzles used in boreholes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne des duses pour un outil de forage travaillant la roche par abrasion ou cisaillement, par exemple pour un outil monobloc pourvu de lames ou de taillants en diamant, en polydiamant cristallin ou PDC, au carbure de tungstène, etc...The present invention relates to charges for a drilling tool working the rock by abrasion or shear, for example for a monobloc tool provided with diamond or diamond cutting blades or cutters crystalline or PDC, tungsten carbide, etc.

Ces duses doivent présenter de bonnes qualités d'irrigation, de nettoyage, de refroidissement des lames et des taillants, ainsi qu'une bonne évacuation des déblais.These due must have good qualities irrigation, cleaning, cooling blades and bits, as well as good evacuation of cuttings.

On sait que les duses cylindriques ou convergentes ont d'excellentes performances de destruction de la roche, du fait qu'elles concentrent le flux de liquide d'irrigation sur une faible section. On les utilise pour cela dans les outils tricônes.We know that the cylindrical or converging due have excellent rock destruction performance, because they concentrate the flow of liquid irrigation on a small section. We use them for this in the tri-cone tools.

Dans le cas d'outils monoblocs, le facteur prépondérant n'est pas celui de la destruction de la roche par impact hydraulique, mais plutôt celui de l'irrigation homogène de toute la surface active de l'outil. Ce résultat pourrait certes être obtenu en munissant l'outil monobloc de duses larges, produisant donc des jets de fluide de large section et ayant également l'avantage de ne pas se laisser boucher par les déblais de roche, mais, dans le cas, où un bouchage, rare mais possible, se produirait, le débouchage serait difficile à effectuer, car dans une duse large, la perte de charge est faible. Si l'outil comporte plusieurs autres duses larges non bouchées, il n'y aura pas assez de débit disponible pour déboucher la duse obstruée.In the case of monoblock tools, the factor predominant is not that of the destruction of the rock by hydraulic impact, but rather that of irrigation homogeneous of the entire active surface of the tool. This result could certainly be obtained by equipping the tool monoblock of wide pipes, thus producing jets of fluid of large section and also having the advantage of do not be blocked by the rock cuttings, but, in the event that a rare but possible blockage occurs would result, unclogging would be difficult to perform, because in a large nozzle, the pressure drop is low. Yes the tool has several other wide bits not there will not be enough flow available to unblock the blocked nozzle.

Une solution pour favoriser le débouchage des duses pourrait consister à choisir des duses à faible section de passage, car la perte de charge élevée permettrait d'opérer le débouchage. Mais on retombe alors sur l'inconvénient que les duses à faible section se bouchent facilement.A solution to promote the unblocking of debts could be to choose small section cross-sections passage, because the high pressure drop would allow to unblock. But then we fall back on the disadvantage that the small section faults become blocked easily.

Par les brevets US-A- 4 429 755 et US-A-4 703 814, on connaít des duses divergentes à large section de passage.By patents US-A-4,429,755 and US-A-4,703,814, we know of divergent due to large cross section of passage.

Toutefois, de telles duses ne résolvent en rien le problème posé ci-dessus, en raison de leur grand angle de divergence. On sait en effet que les débits de fluide d'irrigation qui s'écoulent dans les puits de forage pétroliers sont élevés et qu'ils déterminent un régime d'écoulement turbulent. Dans le cas d'une duse divergente, il peut se créer un fort contre-courant tourbillonnaire qui décolle complètement le fluide de la paroi divergente. Cette tendance à la formation d'un courant tourbillonnaire est aggravée dans le cas de la duse du brevet US-A-4 703 814 susmentionné en raison de la présence d'angles vifs en amont et en aval de la paroi divergente. Ces contre-courants tourbillonnaires dissipent une partie importante de l'énergie du fluide qui est gaspillée en pure perte et ne peut être utilisée pour nettoyer les taillants, ni pour déboucher les duses en cas de bouchage. On ne peut donc pas obtenir avec de telles duses une bonne irrigation, un auto-nettoyage, un bon refroidissement des lames et taillants et l'auto-débouchage des duses.However, such failures in no way resolve the problem posed above, due to their wide angle of divergence. We know that the fluid flows irrigation flowing into boreholes tankers are high and they determine a scheme turbulent flow. In the case of a divergent duse, a strong vortex counter-current can be created which completely takes off the fluid from the divergent wall. This tendency to form a vortex is aggravated in the case of the use of patent US-A-4,703 814 mentioned above due to the presence of sharp angles in upstream and downstream of the divergent wall. These countercurrents vortices dissipate a significant part of the energy of the fluid which is wasted in pure loss and cannot be used to clean the cutting edges or unclog due in the event of blockage. So we cannot not get good irrigation, self-cleaning, good cooling of the blades and cutting and self-cleaning of the debts.

Le brevet US-A-4 185 706 concerne l'utilisation de duses à effet cavitant montées sur un outil de forage à molettes et destinées à effectuer la destruction de la roche par cavitation, c'est-à-dire sous l'action de mini-explosions qui génèrent des ondes de choc destructrices, mais de telles duses n'apportent pas de solution au problème du nettoyage des PDC des outils monoblocs.US-A-4,185,706 relates to the use of due to cavitating effect mounted on a drilling tool wheels and intended to carry out the destruction of the rock by cavitation, i.e. under the action of mini-explosions which generate destructive shock waves, but such failures do not provide a solution to the problem of cleaning PDCs of monoblock tools.

Le brevet EP-A-0 146 252 concerne un assemblage d'éléments destiné à constituer une duse divergente résistant à de très hautes pressions. Mais en raison de son grand angle de divergence cette duse n'a pas une structure qui lui permet d'améliorer le nettoyage, la distribution du fluide et le refroidissement de l'outil de forage.Patent EP-A-0 146 252 relates to an assembly of elements intended to constitute a divergent duse resistant to very high pressures. But due to its wide angle of divergence this duse does not have a structure which allows it to improve cleaning, fluid distribution and tool cooling drilling.

La présente invention a pour objet une duse permettant d'effectuer de façon optimum l'irrigation, l'auto-nettoyage et le refroidissement d'un outil monobloc sur lequel elle est montée. L'invention a également pour objet une duse pratiquement imbouchable en service et qui peut être facilement débouchée en cas d'obstruction.The subject of the present invention is a duse allowing optimum irrigation, self-cleaning and cooling of a one-piece tool on which it is mounted. The invention also has for subject a practically unbouchable duse in service and which can be easily unclogged in case of obstruction.

Selon l'invention, tous ces avantages sont obtenusavec une duse selon la revendication 1.According to the invention, all of these advantages are obtained with a nozzle according to claim 1.

Les Demandeurs ont constaté en effet que tant que l'angle de divergence de la duse reste inférieur à 30°, le fluide s'écoulant en régime turbulent colle encore à la paroi de la duse par effet Coanda, et qu'au delà de cet angle, des contre-courants tourbillonnaires apparaissent qui décollent complètement le fluide de la paroi de la duse. En régime laminaire, l'angle limite est d'environ 15°.The Applicants have in fact found that as long as the angle of divergence of the nozzle remains less than 30 °, the fluid flowing in turbulent regime still sticks to the wall of the duse by Coanda effect, and that beyond this angle, vortex counter-currents appear which completely take off the fluid from the wall of the duse. In laminar regime, the limit angle is approximately 15 °.

De plus, la duse selon l'invention n'effectue pas de retenue mécanique de matière puisqu'elle est évasée vers l'extérieur. En cas de bouchage, la perte de charge qui intervient est celle qui règne au niveau de sa section intérieure qui est la plus faible. A ce niveau, la perte de charge entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de la duse est élevée, ce qui favorise l'expulsion du bouchon de matière, d'autant plus que la paroi fuyante de la duse n'oppose aucune résistance au bouchon.In addition, the nozzle according to the invention does not perform mechanical retention of material since it is flared towards outside. In the event of blockage, the pressure drop which intervenes is that which reigns at the level of its section which is the weakest. At this level, the loss charge between the inside and outside of the duse is high, which favors the expulsion of the material plug, all the more since the fleeing wall of the duse does not oppose no resistance to plug.

La duse selon l'invention effectue une excellente irrigation de l'outil du fait que le jet est divergent et peut ainsi atteindre une plus grande zone. L'énergie du flux est d'autre part répartie dans un large cône de diffusion et perd de sa puissance à l'impact.The nozzle according to the invention performs an excellent irrigation of the tool due to the fact that the jet is divergent and can thus reach a larger area. The energy of flow is on the other hand distributed in a large cone of diffusion and loses its power on impact.

En résumé, la duse selon l'invention allie à la fois les qualités des duses larges, à savoir la difficulté de bouchage et la bonne irrigation, et celles des duses étroites, à savoir l'existence d'une perte de charge élevée et donc une plus grande facilité à l'expulsion du bouchon de matière.In summary, the nozzle according to the invention combines both the qualities of the broad reasons, namely the difficulty of clogging and good irrigation, and that of due narrow, namely the existence of a pressure drop high and therefore greater ease in expelling the material plug.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, la paroi de la duse présente, au niveau de la section la plus étroite, un léger décrochement annulaire tourné vers l'extérieur et qui définit une contre-cavité dans laquelle règne une légère dépression qui accentue l'effet Coanda, en aspirant le fluide vers la paroi divergente. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the wall of the nozzle present, at the level of the most narrow, a slight annular notch turned towards the exterior and which defines a counter-cavity in which there is a slight depression which accentuates the Coanda effect, by sucking the fluid towards the divergent wall.

L'invention concerne également un outil monobloc muni de duses divergentes telles que décrites ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a one-piece tool provided with divergent faults as described above.

On décrira à présent deux exemples de réalisation de l'invention en regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe axiale d'une duse divergente selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 montre une vue en coupe d'une duse divergente d'angle d'ouverture supérieur à l'angle limite;
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'une duse divergente comportant un décrochement ; et
  • La figure 4 est une vue à échelle agrandie du décrochement.
    • Two embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a view in axial section of a divergent nozzle according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a divergent nozzle with an opening angle greater than the limit angle;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a diverging nozzle having a recess; and
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the step.

    • Avec référence à la figure 1, l'outil 10 est muni d'une duse 12 à paroi divergente 16, dont l'angle d'ouverture α est inférieur à 30°. Dans ces conditions, le fluide d'irrigation qui arrive en régime turbulent adhère par effet Coanda à la paroi divergente 16 et est éjecté sous forme d'un jet divergent 18, sans formation de contre-courants.With reference to FIG. 1, the tool 10 is provided a nozzle 12 with divergent wall 16, the angle of which opening α is less than 30 °. In these conditions, the irrigation fluid which arrives in turbulent regime adheres by Coanda effect to the divergent wall 16 and is ejected in the form of a divergent jet 18, without formation of countercurrents.

    La figure 2 montre ce qui se passe dans le cas d'une duse divergente dont l'angle d'ouverture est supérieur à 30°. On constate ici que le fluide ne colle plus à la paroi divergente 16, et qu'il se crée des contre-courants tourbillonnaires 20. La majeure partie du débit de fluide diverge très peu.Figure 2 shows what happens in the case of a diverging nozzle with an opening angle greater than 30 °. We see here that the fluid no longer sticks to the divergent wall 16, and that countercurrents are created vortex 20. Most of the fluid flow diverges very little.

    La duse de la figure 1 se débouche facilement puisqu'elle diverge dans le sens de la circulation du fluide. Elle équivaut donc à une duse à large section, et en même temps elle engendre une forte perte de charge, comme dans une duse à petite section. En outre, grâce à son flux divergent, elle permet une large irrigation de l'outil sans privilégier certaines zones au détriment d'autres zones.The duse in Figure 1 is easy to unclog since it diverges in the direction of circulation of the fluid. It therefore amounts to a wide section nozzle, and at the same time it generates a high pressure drop, as in a small section duse. In addition, thanks to its divergent flow, it allows a large irrigation of the tool without favoring certain areas to the detriment other areas.

    Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, il est prévu, à l'amorce de la partie divergente, un décrochement 22 qui crée une légère dépression dans la cavité 24 ainsi formée. Cette dépression aspire le fluide et accentue donc l'effet de collage du fluide à la paroi divergente.In the embodiment of FIG. 3, it is expected, at the start of the divergent part, a setback 22 which creates a slight depression in the cavity 24 as well formed. This depression sucks in the fluid and therefore accentuates the effect of bonding of the fluid to the divergent wall.

    La duse peut avoir toute forme de section appropriée, par exemple circulaire, carrée ou rectangulaire. Sa paroi peut être à génératrice rectiligne comme sur la figure 1, ou convexe. La partie divergente peut être précédée d'une partie convergente 26 ou cylindrique.The duse can have any form of section suitable, for example circular, square or rectangular. Its wall may have a straight generator as in Figure 1, or convex. The divergent part may be preceded by a converging part 26 or cylindrical.

    La duse selon l'invention convient particulièrement aux outils de forage monoblocs, mais dans certaines applications, elle peut équiper également les outils tricônes.The nozzle according to the invention is particularly suitable monoblock drilling tools, but in some applications, it can also equip tools tricones.

    Claims (4)

    1. Nozzle (12) mounted in a monobloc drilling tool (10), of the type comprising an inner side wall (16) which diverges from an inlet end situated inside the tool to an outlet end situated on the outer surface of the tool, characterized in that the angle of divergence (α) of the said divergent wall (16) is such that the jet of fluid emitted through the nozzle adheres to the said divergent wall (16) by the Coanda effect, the said angle being for this purpose less than 30°.
    2. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that there is formed at the inlet end of the divergent wall (16) an annular step (22) turned towards the outer surface of the tool, the said step defining an annular cavity (24) where a reduction in pressure exists which reinforces the effect of the jet of fluid adhering to the divergent wall.
    3. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the divergent wall (16) is preceded, with respect to the direction of flow of the fluid, by a cylindrical passage or a convergent passage (26).
    4. Monobloc drilling tool provided with at least one nozzle according to one of the preceding claims.
    EP92402518A 1991-09-16 1992-09-15 Divergent nozzle for drilling tool and tool using this nozzle Expired - Lifetime EP0533550B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9111371 1991-09-16
    FR9111371A FR2681372B1 (en) 1991-09-16 1991-09-16 DIVERGENT DUSE FOR A DRILLING TOOL, AND TOOL USING SUCH A DUSE.

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0533550A1 EP0533550A1 (en) 1993-03-24
    EP0533550B1 true EP0533550B1 (en) 1998-10-28

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP92402518A Expired - Lifetime EP0533550B1 (en) 1991-09-16 1992-09-15 Divergent nozzle for drilling tool and tool using this nozzle

    Country Status (9)

    Country Link
    US (1) US5293946A (en)
    EP (1) EP0533550B1 (en)
    AU (1) AU654738B2 (en)
    BR (1) BR9203590A (en)
    CA (1) CA2078269C (en)
    DE (1) DE69227430T2 (en)
    FR (1) FR2681372B1 (en)
    NO (1) NO305916B1 (en)
    RU (1) RU2062862C1 (en)

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    WO2022204407A1 (en) * 2021-03-24 2022-09-29 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Fluid inlet sleeves for improving fluid flow in earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools having fluid inlet sleeves, and related methods

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    NO305916B1 (en) 1999-08-16
    FR2681372B1 (en) 1998-07-17
    NO923585L (en) 1993-03-17
    BR9203590A (en) 1993-04-13
    EP0533550A1 (en) 1993-03-24
    FR2681372A1 (en) 1993-03-19
    AU2456292A (en) 1993-03-18
    AU654738B2 (en) 1994-11-17
    CA2078269A1 (en) 1993-03-17
    US5293946A (en) 1994-03-15
    DE69227430T2 (en) 1999-07-01
    DE69227430D1 (en) 1998-12-03
    RU2062862C1 (en) 1996-06-27
    CA2078269C (en) 2003-07-29
    NO923585D0 (en) 1992-09-15

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