EP0532298A1 - Multi-voltage solenoid - Google Patents
Multi-voltage solenoid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0532298A1 EP0532298A1 EP92308189A EP92308189A EP0532298A1 EP 0532298 A1 EP0532298 A1 EP 0532298A1 EP 92308189 A EP92308189 A EP 92308189A EP 92308189 A EP92308189 A EP 92308189A EP 0532298 A1 EP0532298 A1 EP 0532298A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- voltage
- solenoid
- voltage input
- input
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
- H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
- H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
Definitions
- This invention relates to solenoids especially, but not exclusively, for actuating fluid flow control valves, for example pneumatic valves.
- solenoids are commonly designed to operate at say about 24v DC and, on the other hand, some are designed to operate at, say, about 240v. AC, another commonly used control voltage. If desired or necessary, solenoids may of course be designed to operate at another pre-determined voltage, usually intermediate 24v and 240v, either AC or DC. In any event, there is currently a need for solenoid manufacturers and stockists to make and stock a variety of solenoids having differing voltage ratings to suit different applications.
- a solenoid comprising a solenoid coil and an actuator actuable thereby, the normal operating voltage thereof (as hereinafter defined) being about X volts and, in combination therewith, a modulating circuit adapted to receive any constant voltage input within the range of from about X to Y volts (where Y > X) and including a pulse width modulator adapted to feed to the coil, whilst said constant voltage input prevails, either a constant voltage signal when the voltage input is equal or about equal to X volts, or pulsed voltage signals having a magnitude of about Y′ (where X ⁇ Y′ ⁇ Y) equal to the voltage input and at such a pulse width and frequency that the ratio of the pulse 'on' time period : pulse 'off' time period is substantially : X Y′ : 1 - X Y′ and said frequency being sufficiently high relative to the response time of the coil/actuator that the coil will maintain the actuator in its actuated
- the present invention also provides, in a second aspect, a solenoid coil and a modulating circuit for assembly with an actuator so as to provide a combination in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
- a solenoid/modulating circuit of the invention it will thus be appreciated that the voltage signal(s) fed to the coil will cause the coil to maintain an average magnetic field that is sufficient to maintain the actuator in its actuated position, but that the average power dissipated within the coil will, regardless of the said constant voltage input (within the limits of X and Y volts), be controlled at an acceptable level such that the coil will not burn out, being a level approximately equal to the power dissipated in the event that the coil were operated by a constant voltage of X volts, ie. the normal operating voltage thereof, by which we mean the constant voltage normally required for the solenoid to operate properly and which enables it to operate continously without overheating, sometimes referred to as its continuous voltage rating.
- the pulse width modulator and its associated circuitry will be arranged to accept any constant input voltage within the range of 24v to 240v AC or DC whereby, in particular, a given solenoid will accept the commonly used 24v DC or 240v AC constant voltage input.
- the modulator and associated circuitry may be adapted to function over other voltage ranges and will function at any constant input voltage within the designated range.
- a solenoid coil 1 surrounding a moveable armature or a fixed core is connected to the output of an electronic circuit designated generally by reference numeral 2.
- the solenoid coil 1 may, for example, be part of a multi-port pneumatic solenoid valve (not shown), the operation of which is controlled by an input voltage signal fed to the circuit 2 via wires connected to input terminals 3, 3′ of the circuit 2, the valve adopting one pre-determined position when there is no such signal and another pre-determined position when there is such a signal.
- Prior solenoid valves and other solenoid-operated devices are conventionally operable only at a more or less pre-determined, constant control voltage, say about 24v DC or 240v AC and are designed so that they can accept such a voltage for an indefinite period of time without overheating, even though in practice it is unlikely that they would be energised continuously for long periods.
- a coil of appropriate design has to be selected to suit the control voltage used in any particular application.
- the electronic circuit 2 enables one and the same coil 1 having, for example, a continuous rating of about 24 v to function properly, without overheating, at any constant control voltage input between about, for example, 24v DC and 240v AC.
- the circuit 2 comprises a bridge rectifier 4 to which the control voltage is fed via the terminals 3, 3′.
- the rectifier 4 serves to polarise the control voltage signal in known manner.
- the two output wires from the rectifier 4 are connected in parallel with a filter capacitor 5 which provides smoothing and noise suppression to the rectifier output.
- the rectifier output wires are also connected to a pulse width modulator 6, incorporating a comparator, which feeds a continuous voltage, or voltage pulses, as the case may be, to the coil 1 as is described below.
- One of the rectifier wires is also connected directly to the coil 1 via a series resistor 7.
- the resistor 7 senses the current flowing through the coil 1, the current being proportional to the control voltage, and provides a feedback current signal to the comparator of the modulator 6.
- a pulse width modulator is essentially a switching device.
- the comparator switches on the pulse width modulator output when the feedback current is below a pre-determined level and switches it off when the feedback current rises to that level and so on, thus feeding pulses of current to the coil 1.
- the pulse width varies according to the value of the control voltage.
- the modulator 6 will feed a constant 24v DC signal to the coil 1 for so long as the control voltage is present, ie for so long as there is a need to actuate the solenoid.
- the modulator 6 would feed a pulsed 240v DC signal to the coil at such a frequency and of such a pulse width that the time-averaged energy input to the coil 1 is substantially equal to the energy that would be put into it if a constant 24v signal were continuously fed to the coil 1.
- the 240v signal fed to the coil 1 would prevail for 10% of that period but would be absent for the remaining 90% of the period.
- the 48v signal fed to the coil would prevail for 50% of the period.
- the frequency of the pulses needs to be high compared to the response time of the coil 1 so that a sufficiently high average magnetic field is produced by the coil to maintain the actuator in its actuated position for so long as the control voltage is applied.
- the circuit 2 additionally includes a capacitor 8 which, because of the energy stored within it during operation, provides an enhanced voltage signal when the control voltage is initially applied upon subsequent actuation of the solenoid,thereby speeding up the solenoid's response time.
- Fig 2 is a graph of solenoid current I mA against time t milliseconds for the specific embodiment described above, the coil 1 having a continuous rating of 24 volts and the control voltage being 240v AC.
- the control voltage when the control voltage is first applied at t0 there is an initial pulse of current I1 mA which is enhanced by virtue of the energy stored within the capacitor 8 during previous operation.
- the output from the pulse width modulator 6 is then switched off at t1 and so the current I drops to zero.
- the modulator 6 again switches on the power, at a reduced current level I2 mA, to the coil 1 at time t2, off at t3, on at t4 and so on for so long as the control voltage is applied.
- each pulse width t1-t0 etc will typically be of the order of 0.01 milliseconds, the pulse frequency thereby being about 100,000/sec with the reduced current level being of the order of 125 mA.
Abstract
A solenoid-operated device, for example a pneumatic valve, includes a solenoid coil (1), the normal operating voltage of which is about X volts, in combination with a modulating circuit (2) adapted to receive any constant control voltage input within a pre-determined range, for example 24 V to 240 V DC or AC. The modulating circuit (2) includes a pulse width modulator (6) which feeds to the coil (1), whilst the voltage input prevails either a constant voltage signal when the voltage input is equal or about equal to X volts, or pulsed voltage signals of amplitude equal to the input voltage and of such a pulse width/frequency that the time-averaged energy input into the coil (1) during pulsing is substantially equal to the energy input if a constant voltage signal of X volts were applied to the coil (1).
Thus, one and the same coil (1), together with the modulating circuit (2), may be operated by any control voltage signal within a specified range thereby reducing the range of solenoids that, as presently, needs to be made and stocked.
Description
- This invention relates to solenoids especially, but not exclusively, for actuating fluid flow control valves, for example pneumatic valves.
- Hitherto, a given solenoid has usually been such that it will operate properly only if a constant voltage of more or less pre-determined value is applied to it. By the expression "constant voltage" used herein we mean a conventional, unpulsed, DC or AC voltage. Thus, on the one hand solenoids are commonly designed to operate at say about 24v DC and, on the other hand, some are designed to operate at, say, about 240v. AC, another commonly used control voltage. If desired or necessary, solenoids may of course be designed to operate at another pre-determined voltage, usually intermediate 24v and 240v, either AC or DC. In any event, there is currently a need for solenoid manufacturers and stockists to make and stock a variety of solenoids having differing voltage ratings to suit different applications. This is inconvenient and expensive and it is an object of the present invention to provide a "universal" solenoid that is adapted to operate at any applied constant voltage within a pre-determined range of voltages, for example from 24 to 240v, whether AC or DC.
- According to a first aspect of the present invention, therefore, there is provided a solenoid comprising a solenoid coil and an actuator actuable thereby, the normal operating voltage thereof (as hereinafter defined) being about X volts and, in combination therewith, a modulating circuit adapted to receive any constant voltage input within the range of from about X to Y volts (where Y > X) and including a pulse width modulator adapted to feed to the coil, whilst said constant voltage input prevails, either a constant voltage signal when the voltage input is equal or about equal to X volts, or pulsed voltage signals having a magnitude of about Y′ (where X≦Y′≦Y) equal to the voltage input and at such a pulse width and frequency that the ratio of the pulse 'on' time period : pulse 'off' time period is substantially :
and said frequency being sufficiently high relative to the response time of the coil/actuator that the coil will maintain the actuator in its actuated position throughout application of the said constant voltage input. - The present invention also provides, in a second aspect, a solenoid coil and a modulating circuit for assembly with an actuator so as to provide a combination in accordance with the first aspect of the invention. In a solenoid/modulating circuit of the invention, it will thus be appreciated that the voltage signal(s) fed to the coil will cause the coil to maintain an average magnetic field that is sufficient to maintain the actuator in its actuated position, but that the average power dissipated within the coil will, regardless of the said constant voltage input (within the limits of X and Y volts), be controlled at an acceptable level such that the coil will not burn out, being a level approximately equal to the power dissipated in the event that the coil were operated by a constant voltage of X volts, ie. the normal operating voltage thereof, by which we mean the constant voltage normally required for the solenoid to operate properly and which enables it to operate continously without overheating, sometimes referred to as its continuous voltage rating.
- Usually, as already indicated, the pulse width modulator and its associated circuitry will be arranged to accept any constant input voltage within the range of 24v to 240v AC or DC whereby, in particular, a given solenoid will accept the commonly used 24v DC or 240v AC constant voltage input. However, the modulator and associated circuitry may be adapted to function over other voltage ranges and will function at any constant input voltage within the designated range.
- An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of exmaple only, with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
- Fig 1 is a schematic diagram of a solenoid and associated circuitry in accordance with the invention, and
- Fig 2 is a graph of solenoid current against time for the embodiment shown in Fig 1.
- Referring to Fig 1 of the drawings, a
solenoid coil 1 surrounding a moveable armature or a fixed core (not shown) is connected to the output of an electronic circuit designated generally by reference numeral 2. Thesolenoid coil 1 may, for example, be part of a multi-port pneumatic solenoid valve (not shown), the operation of which is controlled by an input voltage signal fed to the circuit 2 via wires connected toinput terminals - Prior solenoid valves and other solenoid-operated devices are conventionally operable only at a more or less pre-determined, constant control voltage, say about 24v DC or 240v AC and are designed so that they can accept such a voltage for an indefinite period of time without overheating, even though in practice it is unlikely that they would be energised continuously for long periods. Thus, a coil of appropriate design has to be selected to suit the control voltage used in any particular application. In accordance with the present invention, the electronic circuit 2 enables one and the
same coil 1 having, for example, a continuous rating of about 24 v to function properly, without overheating, at any constant control voltage input between about, for example, 24v DC and 240v AC. - More particularly, the circuit 2 comprises a
bridge rectifier 4 to which the control voltage is fed via theterminals rectifier 4 serves to polarise the control voltage signal in known manner. The two output wires from therectifier 4 are connected in parallel with afilter capacitor 5 which provides smoothing and noise suppression to the rectifier output. The rectifier output wires are also connected to apulse width modulator 6, incorporating a comparator, which feeds a continuous voltage, or voltage pulses, as the case may be, to thecoil 1 as is described below. One of the rectifier wires is also connected directly to thecoil 1 via aseries resistor 7. Theresistor 7 senses the current flowing through thecoil 1, the current being proportional to the control voltage, and provides a feedback current signal to the comparator of themodulator 6. - As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, a pulse width modulator is essentially a switching device. In the present context, the comparator switches on the pulse width modulator output when the feedback current is below a pre-determined level and switches it off when the feedback current rises to that level and so on, thus feeding pulses of current to the
coil 1. The pulse width varies according to the value of the control voltage. Thus, if the coil has a nominal continuous voltage rating of about 24v and the control voltage is about 24v DC then themodulator 6 will feed a constant 24v DC signal to thecoil 1 for so long as the control voltage is present, ie for so long as there is a need to actuate the solenoid. If, on the other hand, the control voltage were at mains, ie constant 240v AC voltage, then themodulator 6 would feed a pulsed 240v DC signal to the coil at such a frequency and of such a pulse width that the time-averaged energy input to thecoil 1 is substantially equal to the energy that would be put into it if a constant 24v signal were continuously fed to thecoil 1. In other words, in the example just given, during a given time period the 240v signal fed to thecoil 1 would prevail for 10% of that period but would be absent for the remaining 90% of the period. By way of further example, if a constant 48v control signal were applied, the 48v signal fed to the coil would prevail for 50% of the period. In addition, the frequency of the pulses needs to be high compared to the response time of thecoil 1 so that a sufficiently high average magnetic field is produced by the coil to maintain the actuator in its actuated position for so long as the control voltage is applied. - The circuit 2 additionally includes a
capacitor 8 which, because of the energy stored within it during operation, provides an enhanced voltage signal when the control voltage is initially applied upon subsequent actuation of the solenoid,thereby speeding up the solenoid's response time. - Fig 2 is a graph of solenoid current I mA against time t milliseconds for the specific embodiment described above, the
coil 1 having a continuous rating of 24 volts and the control voltage being 240v AC. As can be seen, when the control voltage is first applied at t₀ there is an initial pulse of current I₁ mA which is enhanced by virtue of the energy stored within thecapacitor 8 during previous operation. The output from thepulse width modulator 6 is then switched off at t₁ and so the current I drops to zero. Themodulator 6 again switches on the power, at a reduced current level I₂ mA, to thecoil 1 at time t₂, off at t₃, on at t₄ and so on for so long as the control voltage is applied. The equal pulse widths t₁ - t₀, t₃ - t₂ etc are such that:
ie - In the example given above, each pulse width t₁-t₀ etc will typically be of the order of 0.01 milliseconds, the pulse frequency thereby being about 100,000/sec with the reduced current level being of the order of 125 mA.
Claims (7)
- A solenoid comprising a solenoid coil (1) and an actuator actuable thereby, the normal operating voltage thereof being about X volts, characterised in that the solenoid (1) has in combination therewith a modulating circuit (2) for receiving any constant voltage input within the range of from about X to Y volts (where Y > X), said circuit (2) including a pulse width modulator (6) adapted to feed to the coil (1), whilst said constant voltage input prevails, either a substantially constant voltage signal when the voltage input is equal or about equal to X volts, or pulsed voltage signals having a magnitude of about Y′ (where X ≦ Y′ ≦ Y) equal to the voltage input and at such a pulse width and frequency that the ratio of the pulse 'on' time period: pulse 'off' time period is substantially:
- The combination according to claim 1 characterised in that the normal operating voltage of the solenoid (1) is about 24V and in that it is adapted to receive a control voltage input of from about 24 V to 240 V, either AC or DC.
- The combination according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that said modulating circuit (2) includes a rectifier (4) to which said voltage input is fed, the output from the rectifier (4) being connected to the pulse width modulator (6), the modulator (6) including a comparator which feeds a continuous voltage or voltage pulses, as aforesaid, to the solenoid coil (1) for so long as said voltage input prevails, one of the output connections of the rectifier (4) being connected directly to the coil (1) via a series resistor (7), the current flowing through the resistor (7)providing a feed-back signal proportional to the voltage input that is fed to the comparator included in the modulator (6).
- The combination according to claim 3 wherein the output from the rectifier (4) is additionally connected in parallel to a filter capacitor (5) for providing smoothing and noise suppression of the rectifier (4) output.
- The combination according to claim 3 or claim 4 wherein the circuit (2) additionally includes a capacitor (8) for storing electrical energy whereby, upon subsequent application of a voltage input, an enhanced voltage signal is initially supplied to the coil (1) thereby increasing its response time.
- A solenoid coil (1) characterised in that it has in combination therewith a modulating circuit (2) as specified in any one of claims 1 to 5.
- A solenoid operated fluid flow control valve including the combination as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9119447 | 1991-09-12 | ||
GB919119447A GB9119447D0 (en) | 1991-09-12 | 1991-09-12 | Multivoltage solenoid |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0532298A1 true EP0532298A1 (en) | 1993-03-17 |
Family
ID=10701259
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92308189A Withdrawn EP0532298A1 (en) | 1991-09-12 | 1992-09-09 | Multi-voltage solenoid |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0532298A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9119447D0 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0789369A1 (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 1997-08-13 | Friedrich Grohe Aktiengesellschaft | Control device for monostable magnetic valves |
US5737172A (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 1998-04-07 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic contactor and a method of controlling the same |
EP1587121A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2005-10-19 | Alcatel | Method and electronic circuit for the actuation of a relay with different supply voltages |
EP1841393A2 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2007-10-10 | Christopher Colloca | Improved electromechanical adjusting instrument |
CN101551035B (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-11-03 | 上海科勒电子科技有限公司 | Electromagnetic valve controlling system |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2568715A1 (en) * | 1984-08-03 | 1986-02-07 | Telemecanique Electrique | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTROMAGNET COIL AND ELECTRIC SWITCHING APPARATUS PROVIDED WITH SUCH A DEVICE |
DE3623439A1 (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1988-01-28 | Ulrich Steudel | Electrical protection circuit |
DE3701985A1 (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-08-04 | Knorr Bremse Ag | Ballast electronics for an apparatus which can be energised by DC voltage |
-
1991
- 1991-09-12 GB GB919119447A patent/GB9119447D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-09-09 EP EP92308189A patent/EP0532298A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2568715A1 (en) * | 1984-08-03 | 1986-02-07 | Telemecanique Electrique | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTROMAGNET COIL AND ELECTRIC SWITCHING APPARATUS PROVIDED WITH SUCH A DEVICE |
DE3623439A1 (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1988-01-28 | Ulrich Steudel | Electrical protection circuit |
DE3701985A1 (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-08-04 | Knorr Bremse Ag | Ballast electronics for an apparatus which can be energised by DC voltage |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5737172A (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 1998-04-07 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic contactor and a method of controlling the same |
DE19526038B4 (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 2005-02-03 | Mitsubishi Denki K.K. | Electromagnetic circuit arrangement and control method |
EP0789369A1 (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 1997-08-13 | Friedrich Grohe Aktiengesellschaft | Control device for monostable magnetic valves |
EP1587121A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2005-10-19 | Alcatel | Method and electronic circuit for the actuation of a relay with different supply voltages |
EP1841393A2 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2007-10-10 | Christopher Colloca | Improved electromechanical adjusting instrument |
JP2008510588A (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2008-04-10 | コロッカ,クリストファー,ジェイ | Improved electromechanical adjustment device |
EP1841393A4 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2010-08-04 | Christopher Colloca | Improved electromechanical adjusting instrument |
JP4787835B2 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2011-10-05 | ニューロメカニカル・イノベーションズ・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー | Improved electromechanical adjustment device |
CN101551035B (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-11-03 | 上海科勒电子科技有限公司 | Electromagnetic valve controlling system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9119447D0 (en) | 1991-10-23 |
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