EP0529621B1 - Apparatus for the quality control of knitwear, in particular hosiery and method for the inspection of knitwear - Google Patents

Apparatus for the quality control of knitwear, in particular hosiery and method for the inspection of knitwear Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0529621B1
EP0529621B1 EP19920114634 EP92114634A EP0529621B1 EP 0529621 B1 EP0529621 B1 EP 0529621B1 EP 19920114634 EP19920114634 EP 19920114634 EP 92114634 A EP92114634 A EP 92114634A EP 0529621 B1 EP0529621 B1 EP 0529621B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shapes
machine according
cameras
knitwear
gusset
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP19920114634
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0529621A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Bieberstein
Manfred Dr.Rer.Nat. Dipl.-Phys. Rueff
Hans-Walter Dipl.-Ing. Propach
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Wepamat Maschinenbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Wepamat Maschinenbau GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06H—MARKING, INSPECTING, SEAMING OR SEVERING TEXTILE MATERIALS
    • D06H3/00—Inspecting textile materials
    • D06H3/08—Inspecting textile materials by photo-electric or television means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06H—MARKING, INSPECTING, SEAMING OR SEVERING TEXTILE MATERIALS
    • D06H3/00—Inspecting textile materials
    • D06H3/16—Inspecting hosiery or other tubular fabric; Inspecting in combination with turning inside-out, classifying, or other handling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine with a test device for quality control of knitwear according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for visual inspection of knitwear according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • a method is also known (DE-A1-34 26 056) in which women's fine tights are checked using image capture devices and small computers. Dimension data is conveyed and compared with stored reference data. A mask function is used for error detection. This process is complex and cumbersome.
  • An apparatus for testing knitted fabrics such as socks is also known (Database WPIL Section Ch, Week 8521, Derwent Publications Ltd.London, GB; Class F, AN 85126292 & JP-A-60 065 173, April 13, 1985) , in which the goods to be tested are transported on an endless conveyor and are illuminated from both sides by means of a fluorescent tube.
  • a camera is arranged on both sides of the knitted fabric to be tested, with which the illuminated knitted fabric is checked.
  • the image recorded by the cameras is compared with stored sample data that were made from defective products.
  • the pattern data thus serve as reference signals for the knitted fabric to be checked. If there are deviations between the stored Reference signals and the test data provided by the cameras, this means that the tested product is flawless.
  • the invention has for its object to design the generic machine and the generic method so that the knitted fabric can be easily and reliably checked for errors.
  • the knitted fabric to be checked is stretched by the gusset stretcher.
  • the lighting fixture inside illuminates the knitted fabric.
  • the camera provided outside the gusset stretches the illuminated part of the knitted fabric.
  • the images supplied by the camera are digitized by the digitizing unit.
  • the digitized images are then binarized with the binarization unit.
  • the threshold value for binarization is set for the camera according to the knitted fabric to be checked. Due to the binarization, the individual signals are converted into dark and white pixels.
  • the white pixels are counted with the image processing unit. If the number of white pixels counted is above the threshold value, a hole and thus an error in the knitted fabric is assumed.
  • the machine 1 according to FIG. 1 has an ironing device 6 and a testing device 2.
  • stockings and socks are automatically checked for errors before packing in the testing device.
  • the entire surface of a pair of tights or the like is checked for holes, running stitches or so-called thread pullers.
  • the seams of the toes and the gusset as well as the trousers area are also checked for errors.
  • the expansion of the reinforced toes or the correct position of the toe seam and any pattern of the tights are checked.
  • the bracket device 6 is accommodated in a table frame 5, which stands on a base plate 3 of the machine housing 4.
  • a transport device 7 connected to the ironing device 6 is also accommodated.
  • a fold-out light table 9 (FIGS. 1 and 4) is fastened to the end face 8 of the table frame 5 and can be folded out to check the tights in the test device 2.
  • the test device 2 has pull-up legs 10, 11 which are at a distance from one another and are arranged at an angle to one another.
  • a so-called gusset stretcher 12 is fastened between the pull-up legs 10, 11 and has a protruding sword 13 on its underside or lower edge 33.
  • the pull-up legs 10, 11 are of identical design and consist of narrow plates of rectangular cross section (FIG. 8), each of which has a shoulder 21, 22 at their lower ends 16, 17 in the mounted position. Counter shoulders 20 (FIG. 5) each of a head part 14, 15 engage in these shoulders.
  • the head parts 14, 15 form a continuous continuation of the pull-up legs 10, 11.
  • the head parts are of identical design, but are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane E of the test device 2 running between the pull-up legs 10, 11.
  • the head parts 14, 15 are preferably made of transparent material, such as plexiglass. But they can also consist of an openwork material, such as a grid.
  • the free ends 18, 19 of the head parts 14, 15 are rounded.
  • 3 cameras 23 to 25 are arranged in the head parts, with which the tights can be checked when they are put on the pull-up legs 10, 11 and after they have been put on at a standstill the top seam of the tights.
  • One camera 23 is arranged in the center and approximately at the level of the shoulder surface 26 (FIG. 5) of the counter shoulder 20 perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane E.
  • the camera 23 is a surface camera (matrix camera) with which the tips of the tights that are pulled on are checked.
  • the other two cameras 24 and 25 are line cameras which control the tights legs when the tights are pulled onto the legs 10, 11.
  • the cameras 24, 25 are arranged at approximately the same height as the camera 23.
  • the head parts 14, 15 are fastened in the head parts 14, 15 in such a way that they are at approximately the same distance from the narrow sides 27, 28 of the head part 14 as from the camera 23.
  • the head part has the same rectangular cross-section as the pull-up legs 10, 11 at the level of the shoulder surface 26.
  • the cameras 24 and 25 are arranged in the head parts 14, 15 in such a way that they open up the leg parts of the stockings, tights and the like capture the legs 10, 11 over the entire circumference.
  • the camera 23 is in such a position that it can be used to control the top seams of the stockings and the like.
  • the stitch pattern in the leg part for thread pullers, thread breaks, running stitches, holes and pattern errors can be checked during the winding process.
  • the cameras 23 to 25 are known per se.
  • 15 reflections may occur which falsify the measurement result.
  • the camera 23 can be modified so that it is not sensitive to visible light, but preferably only to the infrared range. The influence of the reflections can thereby be eliminated.
  • Such reflections can also be switched off by anti-reflective coating on the head part.
  • a wire mesh can also be used to form the head parts.
  • the cameras 23 to 25 are connected to a computer (not shown) which evaluates the signals coming from the cameras. If a defective pantyhose is determined, a switch 40 is actuated in the ironing device 6 (FIG. 1), which folds downward, so that the pantyhose is discarded.
  • one or more, preferably two, matrix cameras 34, 35 corresponding to the camera 34 can also be arranged below the leg tips of the tights arranged on the pull-up legs 10, 11.
  • One or more lights are then provided in each of the pull-up legs 10, 11 so that the tips of the legs of the tights can be illuminated from the inside.
  • the outside the cameras lying on the headboards can then correctly detect the tips of the legs.
  • the mounting legs 10, 11 are arranged at an angle to one another in such a way that their head parts 14, 15 lie only a short distance apart, while the distance between the head parts increases upwards.
  • the gusset stretcher 12 is provided in the upper half of the test device 2 between the pull-up legs 10, 11. It is preferably attached to the pull-up legs in a height-adjustable manner.
  • the gusset stretcher 12 is as in side view. Figure 3 trapezoidal and in view acc. Arrow P (Fig. 3) parabolic box formed.
  • the gusset stretcher 12 lies with its upper edge 29 at a short distance below the upper edges 30, 31 of the pull-up legs 10, 11.
  • the gusset stretcher 12 extends over more than a third of the height of the pull-up legs 10, 11.
  • the gusset stretcher preferably consists of plexiglass and has an integrated homogeneous, preferably centrally arranged lighting fixture 32. It is advantageously U-shaped for optimum illumination and has two legs 32a and 32b spaced apart from one another (FIG. 8), which are arranged at a short distance from the narrow sides 38 and 39 of the gusset stretcher 12 running transversely to the longitudinal center plane.
  • the sword 13 projects over the lower, narrow edge 33 of the gusset stretcher 12. It is also parabolic but not illuminated. The gusset of the tights is stretched by the sword 13 in the pulled-up position, so that the gusset seam lies against the illuminated background of the gusset stretcher 12.
  • the sword 13 is omitted.
  • the sword lies in the between the pull-up legs 10, 11 extending longitudinal center plane E.
  • the visual inspection of the gusset and trouser seams of the tights is carried out using at least two cameras 34, 35 (FIGS. 3, 8) which are arranged on the side next to the pull-up legs 10, 11.
  • the cameras 34, 35 are symmetrical in the longitudinal center plane E and at the same distance from the mounting legs 10, 11 (FIG. 8).
  • the variable gusset clamping shape or the gusset expander 12 serves as the background for the transmitted light method.
  • the cameras 34, 35 are directed obliquely upwards, so that they point diagonally from below onto the gusset expander 12.
  • two further cameras can preferably be used, which are arranged at a distance above the cameras 34, 35 and perpendicular to the respective trouser seam.
  • the cameras 34, 35 and the additional cameras that may be used are area cameras corresponding to the camera 23.
  • the pull-up legs 10, 11 For testing and shaping the pants or stockings, these are put on the pull-up legs 10, 11.
  • the mounting is carried out with the help of the round belts 5 (FIG. 4) which are endless at all four corners of each mounting leg 10, 11 in the vertical direction thereof and which grip the stockings, tights and the like which are put on by hand on the mounting legs 10, 11 and on the mounting legs pulling up.
  • the elongation of the respective test product ie how far they are pulled up, is adjusted via one or two (not shown) light barriers according to the product size.
  • the leg parts of the tights can be checked with the line sensors (cameras 24, 25) arranged in the head parts 14, 15.
  • the line sensors are provided with a corresponding optic, so that with the two line sensors per pull-up leg an all-round view of the passing stitch pattern is made possible without thereby the recordings of the matrix camera 23 are disturbed.
  • the scanned curve represents a closed line which is shaped in accordance with the head part 14, 15 and is approximately perpendicular to the winding direction Z. This allows the stitch pattern in the leg part to be checked for thread pullers, thread breaks, running stitches, holes and pattern errors during the winding process.
  • the individual line signals can be put together by the computer to form a partial or total image of the pantyhose leg.
  • the composite recordings can then be examined for errors, similar to the recordings of the matrix camera.
  • the recordings can be made using incident light or transmitted light.
  • the pivotable light table 9 of the ironing device 6 folds out below the pull-up legs 10, 11.
  • the light table is pivoted so that it can be folded away while the tights are being pulled up and therefore does not interfere.
  • the trousers part of the tights is stretched against the parabolic gusset stretcher 12 so that the trouser seam lies in front of the luminous element 32.
  • the luminous element can be moved as a whole for the different tights between the tapered legs 10, 11. It can but also different sized illuminants can be used.
  • the gusset is stretched with the unlit parabolic sword 13 and viewed by the cameras 34, 35.
  • the line sensors 24, 25 are used to check the tights during the pulling up, while the tights are checked with the area cameras 23, 34 and 25 after the pulling up, that is to say during the standstill.
  • a personal computer (not shown) connected to the computer receives a signal from a programmable logic controller of the machine that the tights are on.
  • the next images that are supplied by the cameras 23, 34, 35 are then digitized and then binarized.
  • the threshold value for binarization all brightness values above the threshold value are shown as white, all others as black) can be set separately for each camera. The white pixels are then counted in each image.
  • the computer transmits the signal "test finished” and the tights are then transported on the transport device 7 to a packaging machine (not shown) connected to the ironing machine 1 for packaging.
  • test method described is based on the consideration that a hole in the stocking fabric is more translucent in transmitted light than the fabric itself and thus leads to a spot in the image. This bright spot can then be detected by, for example, binarization and pixel counting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Maschine mit einer Prüfvorrichtung zur Qualitätskontrolle von Maschenware nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Sichtkontrolle von Maschenware nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 15.The invention relates to a machine with a test device for quality control of knitwear according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for visual inspection of knitwear according to the preamble of claim 15.

Derzeit findet vor dem Verpacken von Feinstrickstrumpfhosen, Feinkniestrümpfen und dergleichen eine Kontrolle der fertigen Produkte nicht statt. Ein Grund hierfür liegt in der kurzen Verweildauer von weniger als 0,5 s, während der die gespannte Strumpfhose auf der Aufziehvorrichtung verbleibt. In dieser Zeit schwenkt die Vorrichtung in die Maschinen hinein, damit die Strumpfhose von der Aufzieheinrichtung abgestreift und zwischen Bügelbänder transportiert werden kann. Der Takt des Aufziehens, Bügelns und Verpackens der Strumpfhose beträgt bei bekannten Maschinen etwa 2 s. In dieser Zeit ist es der Bedienungsperson nicht möglich, eine zuverlässige Sichtkontrolle der gesamten Strumpfhose oder des Strumpfes durchzuführen.At the moment, the finished products are not checked before the packaging of fine knit tights, fine knee highs and the like. One reason for this is the short dwell time of less than 0.5 s, during which the tights stay on the winder. During this time, the device swings into the machines so that the tights can be stripped from the puller and transported between strap bands. The cycle of opening, ironing and packing the tights is about 2 s in known machines. During this time, it is not possible for the operator to carry out a reliable visual inspection of the entire pantyhose or the stocking.

Es ist auch bekannt, zur Verbesserung des Sichtfeldes mehrere Spiegel um die Aufziehbeine anzuordnen. Hierbei sind jedoch auch nicht alle Stellen einsehbar, da die Aufziehvorrichtung undurchsichtig ist und die Aufziehbeine dieser Maschine - von der Bedienungsperson aus gesehen - einander überdecken. Fällt dem Bedienungspersonal dennoch ein Fehler auf, so kann es einen Fußschalter betätigen. Das fehlerhafte Produkt wird dann ausgesondert, indem vor dem Einschwenken der Aufziehbeine die Bewegungsrichtung von Transportriemen der Maschine umgekehrt bzw. nach unten gerichtet wird. Nachteilig ist bei dieser bekannten Maschine, daß die verpackte und zum Verkauf kommende Maschenware eine hohe Fehlerquote von bis zu 10 % aufweisen kann. Dies veranlaßt die Käufer häufig, das Produkt zu wechseln.It is also known to arrange several mirrors around the pull-up legs to improve the field of view. However, not all areas are visible because the mounting device is opaque and the mounting legs this machine - seen from the operator - overlap each other. If the operating personnel nevertheless notice an error, they can operate a foot switch. The defective product is then sorted out by reversing the direction of movement of the machine's transport belts or pointing them downwards before swiveling the wind-up legs. It is a disadvantage of this known machine that the knitted goods packed and sold can have a high error rate of up to 10%. This often causes buyers to change the product.

Es ist auch ein Verfahren bekannt (DE-A1-34 26 056), bei dem Damenfeinstrumpfhosen mit Bilderfassungsgeräten sowie Kleincomputern kontrolliert werden. Hierbei werden Dimensionsdaten vermittelt und mit gespeicherten Bezugsdaten verglichen. Zur Fehlerdetektion wird eine Maskenfunktion verwendet. Dieses Verfahren ist aufwendig und umständlich.A method is also known (DE-A1-34 26 056) in which women's fine tights are checked using image capture devices and small computers. Dimension data is conveyed and compared with stored reference data. A mask function is used for error detection. This process is complex and cumbersome.

Es ist auch eine Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Maschenwaren, wie beispielsweise Socken, bekannt (Database WPIL Section Ch, Week 8521, Derwent Publications Ltd. London, GB; Class F, AN 85126292 & JP-A-60 065 173, 13.04.85), bei der die zu prüfende Ware auf einem Endlosförderer transportiert und von beiden Seiten mittels jeweils einer Leuchtstoffröhre beleuchtet wird. Beiderseits der zu prüfenden Maschenware ist jeweils eine Kamera angeordnet, mit der die beleuchtete Maschenware überprüft wird. Das von den Kameras aufgenommene Bild wird mit abgespeicherten Musterdaten verglichen, die von defekten Produkten gemacht worden sind. Die Musterdaten dienen somit als Referenzsignale für die zu kontrollierende Maschenware. Kommt es zu Abweichungen zwischen den abgespeicherten Referenzsignalen und den von den Kameras abgegebenen Prüfdaten, bedeutet dies, daß das geprüfte Produkt einwandfrei ist. Sobald die gespeicherten Daten mit den von den Kameras gelieferten Daten jedoch übereinstimmen, liegt ein fehlerhaftes Produkt vor. Diese Maschine und dieses Verfahren ist darum nur für solche Maschenwaren geeignet, bei denen sehr einfach eine exakte Übereinstimmung zwischen dem gespeicherten Referenzmuster und den zu überprüfenden Mustern möglich ist. In der Praxis nehmen die zu prüfenden Produkte nicht stets die gleiche Lage ein, so daß dann ein Vergleich von gespeicherten Referenzdaten mit den von den Kameras gelieferten Daten nicht möglich ist.An apparatus for testing knitted fabrics such as socks is also known (Database WPIL Section Ch, Week 8521, Derwent Publications Ltd.London, GB; Class F, AN 85126292 & JP-A-60 065 173, April 13, 1985) , in which the goods to be tested are transported on an endless conveyor and are illuminated from both sides by means of a fluorescent tube. A camera is arranged on both sides of the knitted fabric to be tested, with which the illuminated knitted fabric is checked. The image recorded by the cameras is compared with stored sample data that were made from defective products. The pattern data thus serve as reference signals for the knitted fabric to be checked. If there are deviations between the stored Reference signals and the test data provided by the cameras, this means that the tested product is flawless. As soon as the stored data matches the data supplied by the cameras, however, the product is defective. This machine and this method is therefore only suitable for those knitted fabrics in which an exact match between the stored reference pattern and the patterns to be checked is very easily possible. In practice, the products to be tested are not always in the same position, so that a comparison of stored reference data with the data supplied by the cameras is not possible.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die gattungsgemäße Maschine und das gattungsgemäße Verfahren so auszubilden, daß die Maschenware einfach und dennoch zuverlässig auf Fehler kontrolliert werden kann.The invention has for its object to design the generic machine and the generic method so that the knitted fabric can be easily and reliably checked for errors.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei der gattungsgemäßen Maschine erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und beim gattungsgemäßen Verfahren erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 15 gelöst.This object is achieved in the generic machine according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 and in the generic method according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 15.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Maschine und dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die zu überprüfende Maschenware durch den Zwickeldehner gedehnt. Der in ihm vorhandene Beleuchtungskörper durchleuchtet die aufgezogene Maschenware. Die außerhalb des Zwickeldehners vorgesehene Kamera erfaßt den beleuchteten Teil der Maschenware. Die von der Kamera gelieferten Bilder werden von der Digitalisiereinheit digitalisiert. Die digitalisierten Bilder werden anschließend mit der Binarisiereinheit binarisiert. Der Schwellwert für die Binarisierung wird für die Kamera entsprechend der zu überprüfenden Maschenware eingestellt. Aufgrund der Binarisierung werden die einzelnen Signale in dunkle und weiße Pixel umgewandelt. Die weißen Pixel werden mit der Bildverarbeitungseinheit gezählt. Liegt die Anzahl der gezählten weißen Pixel oberhalb des Schwellwertes, wird ein Loch und damit ein Fehler in der Maschenware angenommen. Diese Kontrolle wird vollautomatisch durchgeführt und kann darum innerhalb kürzester Zeit zuverlässig erfolgen. Von der zu überprüfenden Maschenware ist ein Referenzmuster als Vergleichsmaßstab nicht notwendig. Dadurch kann die Kontrolle der Maschenware lageunabhängig durchgeführt werden. Die zu prüfende Maschenware muß beim Aufziehvorgang nicht jedesmal gleich positioniert werden. Sie kann eine nahezu beliebige Lage einnehmen, ohne daß sich dies nachteilig auf die Qualität der Überprüfung auswirkt. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Maschine und dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können Laufmaschen, Fadenzieher oder gar Löcher in der Maschenware einwandfrei festgestellt werden.With the machine according to the invention and the method according to the invention, the knitted fabric to be checked is stretched by the gusset stretcher. The lighting fixture inside illuminates the knitted fabric. The camera provided outside the gusset stretches the illuminated part of the knitted fabric. The images supplied by the camera are digitized by the digitizing unit. The digitized images are then binarized with the binarization unit. The threshold value for binarization is set for the camera according to the knitted fabric to be checked. Due to the binarization, the individual signals are converted into dark and white pixels. The white pixels are counted with the image processing unit. If the number of white pixels counted is above the threshold value, a hole and thus an error in the knitted fabric is assumed. This check is carried out fully automatically and can therefore be carried out reliably within a very short time. A reference sample of the knitted fabric to be checked is not necessary as a benchmark. This enables the knitwear to be checked regardless of the position. The knitted fabric to be tested does not have to be positioned the same every time during the winding process. It can assume almost any position without this having an adverse effect on the quality of the check. With the machine according to the invention and the method according to the invention, running stitches, thread pullers or even holes in the knitted fabric can be correctly determined.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Maschine in Seitenansicht und vereinfachter Darstellung,
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Maschine gemäß Figur 1,
Fig. 3
in Seitenansicht und vergrößerter Darstellung eine Prüfvorrichtung der Maschine nach Figur 1,
Fig. 4
einen Teil eines klappbaren Leuchttisches der Maschine nach Figur 1,
Fig. 5
ein Kopfteil der Prüfvorrichtung nach Figur 3 in vergrößerter Darstellung und in Seitenansicht,
Fig. 6
das Kopfteil nach Figur 5 in Ansicht gem. Pfeil VI in Figur 3,
Fig. 7
das Kopfteil nach Figur 5 in Ansicht gem. Pfeil VII in Figur 5,
Fig. 8
die Prüfvorrichtung nach Figur 3 in Draufsicht gem. Pfeil VIII in Figur 3.
It shows:
Fig. 1
a machine according to the invention in side view and simplified representation,
Fig. 2
2 shows a plan view of the machine according to the invention according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
in side view and enlarged view of a testing device of the machine of Figure 1,
Fig. 4
part of a foldable light table of the machine according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 5
4 shows an enlarged illustration of the head part of the testing device according to FIG. 3 and in a side view,
Fig. 6
the head part of Figure 5 in acc. Arrow VI in FIG. 3,
Fig. 7
the head part of Figure 5 in acc. Arrow VII in FIG. 5,
Fig. 8
the test device of Figure 3 in plan view acc. Arrow VIII in Figure 3.

Die Maschine 1 nach Figur 1 weist eine Bügelvorrichtung 6 sowie eine Prüfvorrichtung 2 auf. Mit der Maschine werden vorzugsweise Feinstrumpfhosen, Feinstrümpfe und Socken vor dem Verpacken in der Prüfvorrichtung automatisch auf Fehler kontrolliert. Hierbei wird die gesamte Fläche einer Strumpfhose oder dergleichen auf Löcher, Laufmaschen oder sogenannten Fadenzieher überprüft. Auch die Nähte der Fußspitze und am Zwickel sowie des Hosenbereiches werden auf Fehler überprüft. Es wird außerdem die Ausdehhnung der verstärkten Fußspitzen bzw. die korrekte Position der Fußspitzennaht und ein eventuell vorhandenes Muster der Strumpfhose kontrolliert.The machine 1 according to FIG. 1 has an ironing device 6 and a testing device 2. With the machine, preferably pantyhose, stockings and socks are automatically checked for errors before packing in the testing device. Here, the entire surface of a pair of tights or the like is checked for holes, running stitches or so-called thread pullers. The seams of the toes and the gusset as well as the trousers area are also checked for errors. In addition, the expansion of the reinforced toes or the correct position of the toe seam and any pattern of the tights are checked.

Die Bügelvorrichtung 6 ist in einem Tischgestell 5 untergebracht, das auf einer Bodenplatte 3 des Maschinengehäuses 4 steht. Im Tischgestell 5 ist ferner eine an die Bügelvorrichtung 6 anschließende Transportvorrichtung 7 untergebracht. An der Stirnseite 8 des Tischgestelles 5 ist ein ausklappbarer Leuchttisch 9 (Fig. 1 und 4) befestigt, der zur Kontrolle der Strumpfhose in der Prüfvorrichtung 2 ausgeklappt werden kann.The bracket device 6 is accommodated in a table frame 5, which stands on a base plate 3 of the machine housing 4. In the table frame 5, a transport device 7 connected to the ironing device 6 is also accommodated. A fold-out light table 9 (FIGS. 1 and 4) is fastened to the end face 8 of the table frame 5 and can be folded out to check the tights in the test device 2.

Die Prüfvorrichtung 2 weist mit Abstand einander gegenüberliegende Aufziehbeine 10, 11 auf, die winklig zueinander angeordnet sind. Zwischen den Aufziehbeinen 10, 11 ist ein sogenannter Zwickeldehner 12 befestigt, der an seiner Unterseite bzw. seinem unteren Rand 33 ein überstehendes Schwert 13 aufweist.The test device 2 has pull-up legs 10, 11 which are at a distance from one another and are arranged at an angle to one another. A so-called gusset stretcher 12 is fastened between the pull-up legs 10, 11 and has a protruding sword 13 on its underside or lower edge 33.

Die Aufziehbeine 10, 11 sind gleich ausgebildet und bestehen aus schmalen, im Querschnitt (Figur 8) rechteckigen Platten, die an ihren in montierter Lage unteren Enden 16, 17 jeweils eine Schulter 21, 22 haben. In diese Schultern greifen Gegenschultern 20 (Figur 5) jeweils eines Kopfteiles 14, 15 ein. Die Kopfteile 14, 15 bilden eine stetige Fortsetzung der Aufziehbeine 10, 11. Die Kopfteile sind gleich ausgebildet, aber spiegelsymmetrisch zu der zwischen den Aufziehbeinen 10, 11 verlaufenden Längsmittelebene E der Prüfvorrichtung 2 angeordnet. Die Kopfteile 14, 15 bestehen vorzugsweise aus durchsichtigem Werkstoff, wie beispielsweise Plexiglas. Sie können aber auch aus einem durchbrochenen Material, wie beispielsweise einem Gitter bestehen. Die freien Enden 18, 19 der Kopfteile 14, 15 sind abgerundet. In den Kopfteilen sind im Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils 3 Kameras 23 bis 25 angeordnet, mit denen die Strumpfhose beim Aufziehen auf die Aufziehbeine 10, 11 und nach dem Aufziehen im Stillstand die Spitzennaht der Strumpfhose kontrolliert werden können. Die eine Kamera 23 ist mittig und etwa in Höhe der zur Längsmittelebene E senkrechten Schulterfläche 26 (Figur 5) der Gegenschulter 20 angeordnet. Die Kamera 23 ist eine Flächenkamera (Matrixkamera), mit der die Spitzen der aufgezogenen Strumpfhosen kontrolliert werden. Die anderen beiden Kameras 24 und 25 sind Zeilenkameras, die die Strumpfhosenbeine beim Aufziehen der Strumpfhose auf die Aufziehbeine 10, 11 kontrollieren. Die Kameras 24, 25 sind in etwa gleicher Höhe wie die Kamera 23 angeordnet. Sie sind so in den Kopfteilen 14, 15 befestigt, daß sie von den Schmalseiten 27, 28 des Kopfteiles 14 etwa gleichen Abstand wie von der Kamera 23 aufweisen. Das Kopfteil hat in Höhe der Schulterfläche 26 gleichen rechteckigen Querschnitt wie die Aufziehbeine 10, 11. Die Kameras 24 und 25 sind so in den Kopfteilen 14, 15 angeordnet, daß sie die Beinteile der Strümpfe, Stumpfhosen und dgl. beim Aufziehen auf die Aufziehbeine 10, 11 über den gesamten Umfang erfassen. Die Kamera 23 befindet sich in einer solchen Lage, daß mit ihr die Spitzennähte der aufgezogenen Strümpfe und dgl. kontrolliert werden können. Somit kann während des Aufziehvorganges das Maschenbild im Beinteil auf Fadenzieher, Fadenbrüche, Laufmaschen, Löcher und Musterfehler kontrolliert werden.The pull-up legs 10, 11 are of identical design and consist of narrow plates of rectangular cross section (FIG. 8), each of which has a shoulder 21, 22 at their lower ends 16, 17 in the mounted position. Counter shoulders 20 (FIG. 5) each of a head part 14, 15 engage in these shoulders. The head parts 14, 15 form a continuous continuation of the pull-up legs 10, 11. The head parts are of identical design, but are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane E of the test device 2 running between the pull-up legs 10, 11. The head parts 14, 15 are preferably made of transparent material, such as plexiglass. But they can also consist of an openwork material, such as a grid. The free ends 18, 19 of the head parts 14, 15 are rounded. In the exemplary embodiment, 3 cameras 23 to 25 are arranged in the head parts, with which the tights can be checked when they are put on the pull-up legs 10, 11 and after they have been put on at a standstill the top seam of the tights. One camera 23 is arranged in the center and approximately at the level of the shoulder surface 26 (FIG. 5) of the counter shoulder 20 perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane E. The camera 23 is a surface camera (matrix camera) with which the tips of the tights that are pulled on are checked. The other two cameras 24 and 25 are line cameras which control the tights legs when the tights are pulled onto the legs 10, 11. The cameras 24, 25 are arranged at approximately the same height as the camera 23. They are fastened in the head parts 14, 15 in such a way that they are at approximately the same distance from the narrow sides 27, 28 of the head part 14 as from the camera 23. The head part has the same rectangular cross-section as the pull-up legs 10, 11 at the level of the shoulder surface 26. The cameras 24 and 25 are arranged in the head parts 14, 15 in such a way that they open up the leg parts of the stockings, tights and the like capture the legs 10, 11 over the entire circumference. The camera 23 is in such a position that it can be used to control the top seams of the stockings and the like. Thus, the stitch pattern in the leg part for thread pullers, thread breaks, running stitches, holes and pattern errors can be checked during the winding process.

Die Kameras 23 bis 25 sind an sich bekannt. Im Kopfteil 14, 15 können evt. Spiegelungen auftreten, die das Meßergebnis verfälschen. In diesem Fall kann die Kamera 23 so modifiziert werden, daß sie nicht für sichtbares Licht, sondern vorzugsweise nur für den Infrarotbereich empfindlich ist. Dadurch kann der Einfluß der Spiegelungen beseitigt werden. Solche Spiegelungen können aber auch durch Entspiegelungen des Kopfteiles ausgeschaltet werden. Anstelle des Plexiglasmateriales für die Kopfteile oder eines anderen durchsichtigen Materials, das die Spiegelung verursachen kann, kann zur Ausbildung der Kopfteile auch ein Drahtgitter verwendet werden.The cameras 23 to 25 are known per se. In the head part 14, 15 reflections may occur which falsify the measurement result. In this case, the camera 23 can be modified so that it is not sensitive to visible light, but preferably only to the infrared range. The influence of the reflections can thereby be eliminated. Such reflections can also be switched off by anti-reflective coating on the head part. Instead of the plexiglass material for the head parts or another transparent material that can cause the reflection, a wire mesh can also be used to form the head parts.

Die Kameras 23 bis 25 sind an einen (nicht dargestellten) Rechner angeschlossen, der die von den Kameras ausgehenden Signale auswertet. Wenn eine fehlerhafte Strumpfhos ermittelt wird, wird in der Bügelvorrichtung 6 eine Weiche 40 betätigt (Fig. 1), die nach unten klappt, so daß die Strumpfhose ausgesondert wird.The cameras 23 to 25 are connected to a computer (not shown) which evaluates the signals coming from the cameras. If a defective pantyhose is determined, a switch 40 is actuated in the ironing device 6 (FIG. 1), which folds downward, so that the pantyhose is discarded.

Anstelle der Anordnung der Kameras in den Kopfteilen 14, 15 können auch unterhalb der Beinspitzen der auf die Aufziehbeine 10, 11 angeordneten Strumpfhose jeweils eine oder mehrere, vorzugsweise zwei der Kamera 34 entsprechende Matrixkameras 34, 35 angeordnet sein. In den Aufziehbeinen 10, 11 werden dann jeweils eine oder mehrere Leuchten vorgesehen, so daß die Beinspitzen der Strumpfhose von innen beleuchtet werden können. Die außerhalb der Kopfteile liegenden Kameras können dann die Beinspitzen einwandfrei erfassen. Bei einer solchen Kameraanordung ist zwar das Blickfeld verringert und dadurch die kontrollierbare Fläche eingeschränkt; sie ist aber eine gleichwertige Lösung.Instead of the arrangement of the cameras in the head parts 14, 15, one or more, preferably two, matrix cameras 34, 35 corresponding to the camera 34 can also be arranged below the leg tips of the tights arranged on the pull-up legs 10, 11. One or more lights are then provided in each of the pull-up legs 10, 11 so that the tips of the legs of the tights can be illuminated from the inside. The outside the cameras lying on the headboards can then correctly detect the tips of the legs. With such a camera arrangement, the field of view is reduced and the controllable area is thereby restricted; but it is an equivalent solution.

Die Aufziehbeine 10, 11 sind so winklig zueinander angeordnet, daß ihre Kopfteile 14, 15 mit nur geringem Abstand voneinander liegen, während sich der Abstand der Kopfteile nach oben vergrößert. In der oberen Hälfte der Prüfvorrichtung 2 ist zwischen den Aufziehbeinen 10, 11 der Zwickeldehner 12 vorgesehen. Er ist vorzugsweise höhenverstellbar an den Aufziehbeinen befestigt. Der Zwickeldehner 12 ist als in Seitenansicht gem. Figur 3 trapezförmiger und in Ansicht gem. Pfeil P (Fig. 3) parabolförmiger Kasten ausgebildet. Der Zwickeldehner 12 liegt mit seinem oberen Rand 29 mit geringem Abstand unterhalb der oberen Kanten 30, 31 der Aufziehbeine 10, 11. Der Zwickeldehner 12 erstreckt sich über mehr als ein Drittel der Höhe der Aufziehbeine 10, 11. Der Zwickeldehner besteht vorzugsweise aus Plexiglas und weist einen integrierten homogenen, vorzugsweise mittig angeordneten Beleuchtungskörper 32 auf. Er ist zur optimalen Beleuchtung vorteilhaft u-förmig ausgebildet und weist zwei mit Abstand voneinander liegende Schenkel 32a und 32b auf (Fig. 8), die mit geringem Abstand zu den quer zur Längsmittelebene verlaufenden Schmalseiten 38 und 39 des Zwickeldehners 12 angeordnet sind. Über den unteren, schmalen Rand 33 des Zwickeldehners 12 ragt das Schwert 13. Es ist ebenfalls parabelförmig aber unbeleuchtet ausgebildet. Durch das Schwert 13 wird der Zwickel der Strumpfhose in aufgezogener Lage gespannt, so daß die Zwickelnaht vor dem beleuchteten Hintergrund des Zwickeldehners 12 liegt. Je nach Größe und Form des Zwickeldehners 12 können unterschiedliche Schwerter eingesetzt werden. Bei Strumpfhosen ohne eingenähten Zwickel entfällt das Schwert 13. Das Schwert liegt in der zwischen den Aufziehbeinen 10, 11 verlaufenden Längsmittelebene E.The mounting legs 10, 11 are arranged at an angle to one another in such a way that their head parts 14, 15 lie only a short distance apart, while the distance between the head parts increases upwards. The gusset stretcher 12 is provided in the upper half of the test device 2 between the pull-up legs 10, 11. It is preferably attached to the pull-up legs in a height-adjustable manner. The gusset stretcher 12 is as in side view. Figure 3 trapezoidal and in view acc. Arrow P (Fig. 3) parabolic box formed. The gusset stretcher 12 lies with its upper edge 29 at a short distance below the upper edges 30, 31 of the pull-up legs 10, 11. The gusset stretcher 12 extends over more than a third of the height of the pull-up legs 10, 11. The gusset stretcher preferably consists of plexiglass and has an integrated homogeneous, preferably centrally arranged lighting fixture 32. It is advantageously U-shaped for optimum illumination and has two legs 32a and 32b spaced apart from one another (FIG. 8), which are arranged at a short distance from the narrow sides 38 and 39 of the gusset stretcher 12 running transversely to the longitudinal center plane. The sword 13 projects over the lower, narrow edge 33 of the gusset stretcher 12. It is also parabolic but not illuminated. The gusset of the tights is stretched by the sword 13 in the pulled-up position, so that the gusset seam lies against the illuminated background of the gusset stretcher 12. Depending on the size and shape of the gusset stretcher 12, different swords can be used. For tights without a gusset sewn in, the sword 13 is omitted. The sword lies in the between the pull-up legs 10, 11 extending longitudinal center plane E.

Die Sichtprüfung der Zwickel- und Hosennähte der Strumpfhose erfolgt mit mindestens zwei Kameras 34, 35 (Figur 3, 8), die seitlich neben den Aufziehbeinen 10, 11 angeordnet sind. Die Kameras 34, 35 liegen symmetrisch in der Längsmittelebene E und mit gleichem Abstand von den Aufziehbeinen 10, 11 (Figur 8). Als Hintergrund für das Durchlichtverfahren dient die variable Zwickelspannform bzw. der Zwickeldehner 12. Die Kameras 34, 35 sind schräg nach oben gerichtet, so daß sie schräg von unten auf den Zwickeldehner 12 zeigen. Zur Erweiterung des Blickfeldes können auch vorzugsweise zwei weitere (nicht dargestellte) Kameras verwendet werden, die mit Abstand oberhalb der Kameras 34, 35 und senkrecht zur jeweiligen Hosennaht angeordnet sind. Die Kameras 34, 35 und die eventuell verwendeten zusätzlichen Kameras sind der Kamera 23 entsprechende Flächenkameras.The visual inspection of the gusset and trouser seams of the tights is carried out using at least two cameras 34, 35 (FIGS. 3, 8) which are arranged on the side next to the pull-up legs 10, 11. The cameras 34, 35 are symmetrical in the longitudinal center plane E and at the same distance from the mounting legs 10, 11 (FIG. 8). The variable gusset clamping shape or the gusset expander 12 serves as the background for the transmitted light method. The cameras 34, 35 are directed obliquely upwards, so that they point diagonally from below onto the gusset expander 12. To expand the field of view, two further cameras (not shown) can preferably be used, which are arranged at a distance above the cameras 34, 35 and perpendicular to the respective trouser seam. The cameras 34, 35 and the additional cameras that may be used are area cameras corresponding to the camera 23.

Zur Prüfung und Formgebung der Hose bzw. Strümpfe werden diese auf die Aufziehbeine 10, 11 aufgezogen. Das Aufziehen erfolgt mit Hilfe der an allen vier Ecken jedes Aufziehbeines 10, 11 in deren Höhenrichtung endlos umlaufenden Rundriemen 5 (Figur 4), welche die von Hand unten auf die Aufziehbeine 10, 11 aufgesteckten Strümpfe, Strumpfhosen und dgl. erfassen und an den Aufziehbeinen hochziehen. Die Dehnung des jeweiligen Prüfproduktes , d.h. wie weit sie hochgezogen werden, wird über eine oder zwei (nicht dargestellte) Lichtschranken entsprechend der Produktgröße eingestellt. Während des Aufziehvorganges können die Beinteile der Strumpfhosen mit den in den Kopfteilen 14, 15 angeordneten Zeilensensoren (Kameras 24, 25) kontrolliert werden. Die Zeilensensoren sind mit einer entsprechenden Optik versehen, so daß mit den beiden Zeilensensoren pro Aufziehbein ein Rundumblick auf das vorbeiziehende Maschenbild ermöglicht ist, ohne daß dadurch die Aufnahmen der Matrixkamera 23 gestört werden. Die abgetastete Kurve stellt eine entsprechend dem Kopfteil 14, 15 geformte, geschlossene Linie dar, die etwa senkrecht zur Aufziehrichtung Z liegt. Damit kann während des Aufziehvorganges das Maschenbild im Beinteil auf Fadenzieher, Fadenbrüche, Laufmaschen, Löcher und Musterfehler kontrolliert werden. Die einzelnen Zeilensignale können vom Rechner zu einem Teil- oder Gesamtbild des Strumpfhosenbeines zusammengesetzt werden. Die zusammengesetzten Aufnahmen können dann, ähnlich den Aufnahmen der Matrixkamera, auf Fehler untersucht werden. Die Aufnahmen können im Auflicht- oder im Durchlichtverfahren gewonnen werden.For testing and shaping the pants or stockings, these are put on the pull-up legs 10, 11. The mounting is carried out with the help of the round belts 5 (FIG. 4) which are endless at all four corners of each mounting leg 10, 11 in the vertical direction thereof and which grip the stockings, tights and the like which are put on by hand on the mounting legs 10, 11 and on the mounting legs pulling up. The elongation of the respective test product, ie how far they are pulled up, is adjusted via one or two (not shown) light barriers according to the product size. During the pulling-up process, the leg parts of the tights can be checked with the line sensors (cameras 24, 25) arranged in the head parts 14, 15. The line sensors are provided with a corresponding optic, so that with the two line sensors per pull-up leg an all-round view of the passing stitch pattern is made possible without thereby the recordings of the matrix camera 23 are disturbed. The scanned curve represents a closed line which is shaped in accordance with the head part 14, 15 and is approximately perpendicular to the winding direction Z. This allows the stitch pattern in the leg part to be checked for thread pullers, thread breaks, running stitches, holes and pattern errors during the winding process. The individual line signals can be put together by the computer to form a partial or total image of the pantyhose leg. The composite recordings can then be examined for errors, similar to the recordings of the matrix camera. The recordings can be made using incident light or transmitted light.

Während der Endphase des Aufziehvorganges klappt unterhalb der Aufziehbeine 10, 11 der schwenkbare Leuchttisch 9 der Bügelvorrichtung 6 heraus. Der Leuchttisch ist schwenkbar angeordnet, so daß er während der Aufziehbewegung der Strumpfhose weggeklappt werden kann und dadurch nicht stört. Es ist aber auch möglich, statt einer schwenkbaren Befestigung den Leuchttisch 9 so anzuordnen, daß er durch eine geradlinige Bewegung oder eine Kombination aus einer Schwenkbewegung und einer geradlinigen Bewegung zwischen seiner Außerbetriebslage und seiner Betriebslage verstellt werden kann.During the final phase of the pull-up process, the pivotable light table 9 of the ironing device 6 folds out below the pull-up legs 10, 11. The light table is pivoted so that it can be folded away while the tights are being pulled up and therefore does not interfere. But it is also possible to arrange the light table 9 so that it can be adjusted by a linear movement or a combination of a pivoting movement and a linear movement between its inoperative position and its operating position instead of a pivotable attachment.

In Kombination mit den in den beiden Spitzen der Aufziehbeine 10, 11 integrierten Matrixkameras 23 ist somit eine Kontrolle der Spitzennähte der Strumpfhose im Durchlichtverfahren möglich.In combination with the matrix cameras 23 integrated in the two tips of the pull-up legs 10, 11, it is thus possible to check the top seams of the tights using the transmitted light method.

Das Hosenteil der Strumpfhose wird beim Aufziehen gegen den parabolischen Zwickeldehner 12 gespannt, so daß die Hosennaht vor dem Leuchtkörper 32 liegt. Der Leuchtkörper ist für die verschiedenen Strumpfhosengrößen als Ganzes zwischen den konisch zulaufenden Aufziehbeinen 10, 11 verschiebbar. Es können aber auch verschieden große Leuchtkörper eingesetzt werden.The trousers part of the tights is stretched against the parabolic gusset stretcher 12 so that the trouser seam lies in front of the luminous element 32. The luminous element can be moved as a whole for the different tights between the tapered legs 10, 11. It can but also different sized illuminants can be used.

Hierbei wird der Zwickel mit dem unbeleuchteten parabelförmigen Schwert 13 gespannt und von den Kameras 34, 35 betrachtet.The gusset is stretched with the unlit parabolic sword 13 and viewed by the cameras 34, 35.

Bei der beschriebenen Prüfung wird zur Fehlerdetektion durch die Zeilensensoren 24, 25 die Strumpfhose während des Aufziehens kontrolliert, während mit den Flächenkameras 23, 34 und 25 die Strumpfhose nach dem Aufziehen, also während des Stillstandes kontrolliert wird. Hierbei erhält ein mit dem Rechner verbundener (nicht dargestellter) Personal Computer von einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung der Maschine ein Signal, daß die Strumpfhose aufgezogen ist. Darauf werden die jeweils nächsten Bilder, die von den Kameras 23, 34, 35 geliefert werden, digitalisiert und anschließend binarisiert. Der Schwellwert für die Binarisierung (alle Helligkeitswerte oberhalb des Schwellwertes werden als weiß, alle anderen als schwarz dargestellt) kann für jede Kamera separat eingestellt werden. Anschließend werden in jedem Bild die weißen Pixel gezählt.In the test described, the line sensors 24, 25 are used to check the tights during the pulling up, while the tights are checked with the area cameras 23, 34 and 25 after the pulling up, that is to say during the standstill. Here, a personal computer (not shown) connected to the computer receives a signal from a programmable logic controller of the machine that the tights are on. The next images that are supplied by the cameras 23, 34, 35 are then digitized and then binarized. The threshold value for binarization (all brightness values above the threshold value are shown as white, all others as black) can be set separately for each camera. The white pixels are then counted in each image.

Liegt die Anzahl der gezählten Pixel oberhalb einer Schwelle, so wird ein Loch angenommen und an die speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung das Signal "Fehler" übermittelt, so daß die Strumpfhose danach aussortiert werden kann. Im anderen Fall übermittelt der Rechner das Signal "Prüfung beendet" und die Strumpfhose wird dann auf der Transportvorrichtung 7 weiter zu einer an die Bügelmaschine 1 angeschlossenen (nicht dargestellten) Verpackungsmaschine zum Verpacken transportiert.If the number of pixels counted is above a threshold, a hole is assumed and the "error" signal is transmitted to the programmable logic controller so that the tights can then be sorted out. In the other case, the computer transmits the signal "test finished" and the tights are then transported on the transport device 7 to a packaging machine (not shown) connected to the ironing machine 1 for packaging.

Der beschriebenen Prüfmethode liegt die Überlegung zugrunde, daß ein Loch im Strumpfgewebe bei Durchlicht durchscheinender ist als das Gewebe selbst und so zu einem Fleck im Bild führt. Dieser helle Fleck kann dann durch beispielsweise Binarisierung und Pixelzählen detektiert werden.The test method described is based on the consideration that a hole in the stocking fabric is more translucent in transmitted light than the fabric itself and thus leads to a spot in the image. This bright spot can then be detected by, for example, binarization and pixel counting.

Claims (17)

  1. Machine with a testing device for the quality control of knitwear, especially sheer and standard tights, knee-high stockings and knee-length socks, which device has shapes, arranged slewable, on to which the knitwear can be drawn and between which a gusset stretcher is provided,
    characterised in that,
    in the gusset stretcher (12), at least one lighting fixture (32) is provided, and that in the region outside the gusset stretcher (12) at least one camera (34, 35) is arranged, the lens of which is aligned at the illuminated part of the gusset stretcher (12) and which camera is connected to an image processing unit comprising a digitizing unit for the images supplied by the camera (34, 35) and a binarising unit with which the digitized images are converted to binary.
  2. Machine according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the height of the lighting fixture (32) can be adjusted.
  3. Machine according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    in each of the end parts (14, 15) of the shapes (10,11) at least one testing apparatus (23 to 25) is housed with which the toe area of the knitwear drawn over the shape can be tested.
  4. Machine according to claim 3,
    characterised in that
    at least the tips of the end parts (14, 15) of the shapes (10, 11) consist of transparent material, preferably mesh.
  5. Machine according to claim 3 or 4
    characterised in that
    the testing apparatus (23 to 25) is a camera.
  6. Machine according to one of claims 3 to 5,
    characterised in that
    in each of the end parts (14, 15) of the shapes (10, 11) three cameras are provided as testing apparatus (23 to 25).
  7. Machine according to claim 6,
    characterised in that
    the cameras are arranged behind one another, at least approximately parallel to a longitudinal middle plane (E) of the testing device (2) running between the shapes (10, 11).
  8. Machine according to claim 6 or 7,
    characterised in that
    the middle camera (23) is a matrix camera or area camera and the two other cameras (24, 25) are line sensors.
  9. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterised in that
    the lighting fixture (32) is designed U-shaped in the gusset stretcher (12) and in that the two flanges (32a, 32b) of the lighting fixture (32) lie in the longitudinal middle plane (E) of the testing device (2) running between the shapes (10, 11).
  10. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that
    in the region outside, and preferably below, the end parts (14, 15) of the shapes (10, 11), at least one lighting fixture (9) is provided with which the end parts (14, 15) can be illuminated and which is designed as a light table which can be moved out of the machine, preferably on a hinge.
  11. Machine according to one of claims 3 to 10,
    characterised in that
    the testing apparatus (23 to 25) in the end parts (14, 15) of the shapes (10, 11) is connected to the image processing device.
  12. Machine according to one of claims 3 to 11,
    characterised in that
    the testing apparatus (23 to 25) in the end parts (14, 15) of the shapes (10, 11) works in the visible wavelength range.
  13. Machine according to one of claims 3 to 11,
    characterised in that
    the testing apparatus (23 to 25) in the end parts (14, 15) of the shapes (10, 11) works in the infrared range.
  14. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 13,
    characterised in that
    two cameras (34, 35) are associated with the gusset stretcher (12), which cameras lie on opposite sides of the gusset stretcher (12).
  15. Method of visual examination of knitwear, especially sheer and standard tights, knee-high stockings and knee-length socks, particularly using the machine according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which method the knitwear is drawn on to shapes and checked for faults,
    characterised in that
    the knitwear is checked by cameras (23 to 25, 34, 35) at least after it has been drawn up onto the shapes (10, 11), that the images supplied by the cameras are digitized and then converted to binary, that a brightness value is determined from the camera images which have been converted to binary, and that a signal is generated when a predetermined threshold value of the brightness value is exceeded.
  16. Method according to claim 15,
    characterised in that
    in each image, after conversion to binary, the white picture elements (pixels) are counted.
  17. Method according to claim 15 or 16,
    characterised in that
    as the knitwear is drawn on to the shapes, the leg parts are checked by the line sensors (24, 25) arranged in the end parts (14, 15) of the shapes (10, 11).
EP19920114634 1991-08-27 1992-08-27 Apparatus for the quality control of knitwear, in particular hosiery and method for the inspection of knitwear Expired - Lifetime EP0529621B1 (en)

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DE19914128346 DE4128346C2 (en) 1991-08-27 1991-08-27 Machine with a test device for quality control of knitwear, in particular fine knit and knit tights, knee high socks and socks, and method for visual inspection of knitwear
DE4128346 1991-08-27

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EP0529621B1 true EP0529621B1 (en) 1997-01-22

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WO1999023293A1 (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-05-14 Cognivision Research, S.L. Visual inspection process for textile garments and system for implementing such process
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DE4128346C2 (en) 1995-05-11
DE4128346A1 (en) 1993-03-04
EP0529621A1 (en) 1993-03-03

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