EP0525260B1 - Leichtgewichtgewebe wiederstandsfähig gegenüber elektrischer Überschlag - Google Patents

Leichtgewichtgewebe wiederstandsfähig gegenüber elektrischer Überschlag Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0525260B1
EP0525260B1 EP91307025A EP91307025A EP0525260B1 EP 0525260 B1 EP0525260 B1 EP 0525260B1 EP 91307025 A EP91307025 A EP 91307025A EP 91307025 A EP91307025 A EP 91307025A EP 0525260 B1 EP0525260 B1 EP 0525260B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fabric
cotton
yarns
heat resistant
fill
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91307025A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0525260A1 (de
Inventor
James Ralph Green
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to DE69124692T priority Critical patent/DE69124692T2/de
Priority to EP91307025A priority patent/EP0525260B1/de
Publication of EP0525260A1 publication Critical patent/EP0525260A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof

Definitions

  • Clothing made from flame resistant fibers provide electrical workers protection from the intense radiation given off by powerful electric arcs which may pass near them in accidental discharge in high voltage equipment.
  • flame retarded cotton FR cotton
  • the garments can be lighter and still offer adequate protection if made from certain flame resistant synthetic fibers but such garments are also uncomfortable because of reduced water absorption as compared with FR cotton.
  • FR cotton flame retarded cotton
  • Clearly lightweight fabrics with improved shielding from electric arcs are needed for electrical workers to provide comfort and protection.
  • EP-A-0 412 195 discloses heat resistant durable woven fabrics prepared with warp yarns comprising certain blends of cotton, nylon and heat resistant fibres, having a relatively high basis weight and a relatively low linear density.
  • This invention provides woven fabrics having a basis weight of 135-203 g./m 2 and which are suitable for use in clothing having high resistance to radiant energy from high voltage electric arcs and yet offer a high degree of comfort to the wearer comprising warp yarns of 15-50% heat resistant staple fibers having a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of at least 25, and 50-85% of flame retarded cotton and fill yarns of 0-50% heat resistant staple fibers and 50-100% of flame retarded cotton in the case of 2x1 and 3x1 twice fabrics and 50 to 85% of flame retardant cotton in the case of plain weave fabrics, all percentages being by weight, said yarns having a linear density of 215-550 dtex.
  • LOI Limiting Oxygen Index
  • the fabric of the invention is set out in Claim 1, with further features in Claims 2-6.
  • the staple fibers used herein are textile fibers having a linear density suitable for wearing apparel, i.e. less than 10 decitex per fiber, preferably less than 5 decitex per fiber. Still more preferred are fibers that have a linear density of from about 1 to about 3 decitex per fiber and length from about 1.9 to 6.3 cm (0.75 to 2.5 in). Crimped fibers are preferred for textile aesthetics and processibility.
  • heat resistant fibers which have a heat resistance time measured as described herein of at least 0.018 sec/g/m 2 (0.6 sec/oz/yd 2 ).
  • flame retarded cotton has an LOI of 30 but a heat resistance time of only 0.01 sec/g/m 2 and is considered flame resistant (LOI > 25) but not heat resistant.
  • a process for making the fabrics of the invention involves the steps of first preparing a blend comprising 15-50% heat resistant staple fibers and 50-85% cotton.
  • Single ply yarns of from 195 to 500 dtex (nominal 12 to 30 cotton count [cc] are spun from the blend and 118-187 gm/m 2 (3.5-5.5 oz/yd 2 ) basis weight fabric is woven using these yarns as the warp and a fill produced using a blend of 0-50% heat resistant fibers and 50-100% cotton.
  • Yarns of lower linear density can be plied to achieve the same linear density.
  • the fabrics are then treated with commercially available flame retardants such as "Proban CC” from Abright & Wilson Inc., P. O. Box 26229, Richmond, VA or "Pyrovatex CP” from Ciba-Geigy. Both treatments are described in Japanese Textile News , No. 394, September, 1987.
  • Basis weight after flame retarding is 135 to 203 gm/m 2 (4-6.0 oz/yd 2 ) and yarn linear densities are 215 to 550 dtex.
  • the amount of heat resistant fibers required in the fill direction in fabric of the invention depends upon the fabric construction. In plain weave fabrics, at least 15% heat resistant fibers and up to 85% cotton is needed in the fill whereas in 2X1 and 3X1 twill fabrics, the fill can be all FR cotton. Too little heat resistant fiber in the warp can result in fabric break open upon exposure to an electric arc caused by discharge of high voltage equipment. On the other hand, an excess of heat resistant fiber results in a loss of desirable cotton aesthetics and higher costs.
  • heat resistant fibers need be present only in the warp yarns, that is, the fill yarn may be all cotton. Severe break open will be avoided provided that the warp faces the arc, i.e., is at the surface of the garment away from the wearer. In the reverse condition, with the warp face away from the arc and 100% FR cotton fill exposed, fabrics will have severe break open even though there is an adequate amount of heat resistant fibers in the warp. With adequate amounts of heat resistant fiber in both warp and fill, fabrics will resist break open from either direction.
  • Fabrics of the invention containing blends of FR cotton and heat resistant fibers provide better protection from the blast and heat from an electric arc than presently available commercial fabrics of equal basis weight made entirely of synthetic flame resistant fibers.
  • Table 1 shows that under severe and moderate exposure conditions, fabrics of the invention performed as well as heavier poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), (MPD-I)/poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) 95/5% fiber blend fabrics, and better than flame retarded cotton fabrics used in garments commonly worn by electrical workers.
  • the yarns employed in fabric of the invention not exceed 550 dtex since the use of such heavy yarns in lightweight fabrics results in undesirably open fabric and inadequate protection to the wearer. If the yarn size is less than 215 dtex, fabric thickness of the lightweight fabric will be inadequate to protect against damage from absorbed radiation, and the fabric will break open.
  • the fibers can be spun into yarns by a number of different spinning methods, including but not limited to ring spinning, air-jet spinning and friction spinning and can be intimate blends or sheath-core.
  • An exemplary heat resistant fiber for use in the present invention is poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) (LOI 28, heat resistance time of 0.04 sec/g/m) staple fiber.
  • PPD-T poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)
  • LI 28 heat resistance time of 0.04 sec/g/m staple fiber.
  • This fiber can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent 3,767,756 and is commercially available.
  • heat resistant organic staple fibers may be used including, but not limited to, the following: fiber of a copolymer of terephthalic acid with a mixture of diamines comprising 3,4'-diaminophenyl ether and p-phenylenediamine as disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,075,172 (LOI 25, heat resistance time 0.024 sec/g/m). Polybenzimidazole is also suitable (LOI 41, heat resistance time 0.04 sec/g/m).
  • the test for measuring resistance to an arc consists of exposing fabrics in air to an electric arc which is generated by applying 15,000 volts to two electrodes spaced one foot apart. A small copper wire connecting the electrodes is employed for arc initiation. Once the arc is initiated, voltage is decreased to an average of 500 volt RMS (root mean square) and a current flow of 8,000 amps RMS using 60 cycle alternating current is applied for one-sixth second.
  • the fabric or shirt must not form a split of more than 7.5 cm in length or 0.75 cm wide. If more than two splits occur or if either the tee-shirt or the outer shirt ignites, the sample has failed the test.
  • Heat Resistance Time is measured using a device described in U.S. Patent 4,198,494 for measurement of Fabric Break Open. The same heating conditions are used but as in the aforementtioned patent, the sample holder was modified to expose 2.5 x 6.3 cm area of the test sample (a strip 2.5 x 2.5 cm) to the heat flux.
  • the test sample is placed under a tensile load of 1.8 kg by holding one end fixed and attaching the other to a 1.8 kg weight suspended with a string over a pulley. Measurements are made with the fabric loaded in the warp direction only, and with the fabric face down against the flame. The time recorded is the time required for the sample to break. Time in seconds before the sample breaks divided by the basis weight of the fabric ing/m is reported as Heat Resistance Time.
  • This type of heating device is available as moded CS-206 from Custom Scientific Instruments, Inc., 13 Wing Drive, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927.
  • An arc resistant fabric of the present invention was prepared from ring-spun yarns of intimate blends of PPD-T staple fibers and cotton.
  • a picker blend sliver of 30% of PPD-T fibers having a linear density of 1.65 decitex (1.5 dpf) of a cut length of 3.8 cm (1.5 in), and 70% carded cotton was processed by the conventional cotton system into a spun yarn having 7.3 turns per cm of "z" twist (18.5 tpi) using a ring spinning frame.
  • the yarn so made was a 272 dtex (nominal 21.5 cotton count; 247 denier) singles spun yarn which was used as the warp on a shuttle loom in a 3 x 1 left hand twill construction with a singles ring spun fill yarn made from 100% cotton having the same twist and linear density as the warp yarn.
  • the twill fabric had a construction of 30 ends per cm x 19 picks per cm (76 ends per in. x 47 picks per in.), a basis weight of 162 g/m (4.8 oz/yd ).
  • the fabric was dyed blue and then treated with an aqueous solution of a 2:1 mole ratio tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC)/urea condensate, a flame retardant available as "Proban CC" from Abright F. Wilson.
  • the fabric was made into a shirt and placed on a mannequin 20 cm from the electric arc with the warp facing the arc.
  • the shirt did not break open or ignite and the tee-shirt did not ignite when given the moderate exposure arc resistance test.
  • When the shirt was turned inside-out, with the cotton fill facing the arc, and given the same test, it split vertically along the entire length of one side, opening up to about 1.25 cm.
  • a 3X1 right hand twill fabric was constructed in which the warp yarn of Example 1 was used in both the warp and fill directions. After treatment with flame retardant, this fabric also passed the arc resistance test (moderate exposure) when tested as a shirt on a mannequin 20 cm from the arc.
  • a 2X1 right hand twill was constructed using the warp yarn of Example 1 and a 100% cotton fill yarn having a linear density of 354 dtex (nominal cotton count 16.5 cc, 322 denier).
  • the fabric had a construction of 30 ends per cm, 14 picks per cm (76 ends per in. x 36 picks per in.) and a basis weight of 162 g/m (4.8 oz/yd ).
  • a shirt of this fabric (after flame retarding) was exposed with the wrap face out on a mannequin 20 cm from the arc and subjected to the arc resistance test, there were only two small splits, no after flame and no tee-shirt ignition. When turned inside-out, the shirt fabric by excessive break open.
  • a 3X1 right hand twill fabric was made in a manner similar to the fabric of Example 2. Yarns with 50% PPD-T and 50% cotton were used for both the warp and fill. The fabric tested as a shirt (warp face out) on a mannequin 20 cm from the arc passed the arc resistance test.
  • Example 2 A fabric similar to that of Example 1 was prepared except that the fill yarn linear density was 354 dtex (nominal cotton count 16.5, 322 denier). The fabric had a construction of 30 ends per cm, 16 picks per cm (76 ends per in. z 41 picks per in.) and a basis weight of 179 g/m (5.3 oz/yd ) . The fabric passed the arc resistance test when tested as a shirt on a mannequin 20 cm from the arc.
  • the fill yarn linear density was 354 dtex (nominal cotton count 16.5, 322 denier).
  • the fabric had a construction of 30 ends per cm, 16 picks per cm (76 ends per in. z 41 picks per in.) and a basis weight of 179 g/m (5.3 oz/yd ) .
  • the fabric passed the arc resistance test when tested as a shirt on a mannequin 20 cm from the arc.
  • a Plain weave fabric was constructed in which both the warp and fill yarns were blends of 15% PPD-T/85% cotton and the linear density of the warp and fill yarns was 390 dtex (15 cc, 354 denier).
  • the fabric was dyed green and had a construction of 21 ends per cm x 20 picks per cm (54 ends per in. x 50 picks per in.) and a basis weight of 203 g/m (6.0 oz/yd). The fabric passed the more severe arc resistance test when held in a frame 15 cm from the arc.
  • Table 1 Arc Test Comparison of Examples of the Invention and Controls Moderate Exposure - Mannequin 20 cm From Arc Basis Wt.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Gewebe aus Kettgarnen sowie aus Füllgarnen mit einem Flächengewicht von 135 bis 203 g/m2, geeignet zur verwendung für Bekleidung, die Beständigkeit gegen Strahlungsenergie von elektrischen Lichtbögen aufweist und dennoch ihrem Träger einen hohen Komfortgrad bietet, umfassend Kettgarne, die aus einer Mischung von 15 - 50 % hitzebeständigen Stapelfasern mit einem Grenz-Sauerstoff-Index von mindestens 25 und einer Hitzebeständigkeitszeit von mindestens 0,018 s/g/m2 und von 50 - 85 % flammfester Baumwolle bestehen, und Füllgarne, die aus 0 - 50 % der hitzebeständigen Stapelfasern und aus 50 - 100 % flammfester Baumwolle bei Geweben in 2x1-und 3x1-Köperbindung und aus 15 bis 50 % der hitzebeständigen Fasern und aus 50 bis 85 % flammfester Baumwolle bei Geweben in Leinwandbindung bestehen, wobei die Garne eine lineare Dichte von 215 - 550 dtex aufweisen.
  2. Gewebe nach Anspruch 1, worin die hitzebeständige Faser Poly(p-phenylenterephthalamid) ist.
  3. Gewebe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin die Konstruktion eine 3x1-Köperbindung ist.
  4. Gewebe nach Anspruch 3, worin die Garnkonstruktion eine 3xl-Linksgrat-Köperbindung ist und das Füllgarn 100 % flammfest gemachte Baumwolle ist.
  5. Gewebe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin die Konstruktion eine 2x1-Köperbindung ist.
  6. Gewebe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin die Konstruktion eine Leinwandbindung ist und die Füllgarne mindestens 15 % hitzebeständige Fasern und bis zu 85 % flammfest gemachte Baumwolle enthalten.
EP91307025A 1991-07-31 1991-07-31 Leichtgewichtgewebe wiederstandsfähig gegenüber elektrischer Überschlag Expired - Lifetime EP0525260B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69124692T DE69124692T2 (de) 1991-07-31 1991-07-31 Leichtgewichtgewebe wiederstandsfähig gegenüber elektrischer Überschlag
EP91307025A EP0525260B1 (de) 1991-07-31 1991-07-31 Leichtgewichtgewebe wiederstandsfähig gegenüber elektrischer Überschlag

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP91307025A EP0525260B1 (de) 1991-07-31 1991-07-31 Leichtgewichtgewebe wiederstandsfähig gegenüber elektrischer Überschlag

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0525260A1 EP0525260A1 (de) 1993-02-03
EP0525260B1 true EP0525260B1 (de) 1997-02-12

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EP91307025A Expired - Lifetime EP0525260B1 (de) 1991-07-31 1991-07-31 Leichtgewichtgewebe wiederstandsfähig gegenüber elektrischer Überschlag

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DE (1) DE69124692T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5202086A (en) * 1992-06-16 1993-04-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aramid fabric for garments of improved comfort
CA2339583A1 (en) * 1998-09-28 2000-04-06 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Flame resistant fabrics

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8520318D0 (en) * 1985-08-13 1985-09-18 Ten Cate Over All Fabrics Bv Flame resistant materials
GB8530382D0 (en) * 1985-12-10 1986-01-22 Nijverdal Ten Cate Textiel Flame protective clothing materials
GB8907331D0 (en) * 1989-03-31 1989-05-17 Joseph Newsome & Sons Limited Fire retardent fabric
ES2074064T3 (es) * 1989-08-10 1995-09-01 Du Pont Mezcla de algodon, nylon y fibras resistentes al calor.

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EP0525260A1 (de) 1993-02-03
DE69124692T2 (de) 1997-09-11
DE69124692D1 (de) 1997-03-27

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