EP0524196A1

EP0524196A1 - Slewing mechanism for screw closures and process for mounting screw closures on containers.

Info

Publication number: EP0524196A1
Application number: EP91905499A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Guenter Spatz; Wolfhard Schwarz
Original assignee: Alcoa Deutschland GmbH Verpackungswerke
Current assignee: Alcoa Deutschland GmbH Verpackungswerke
Priority date: 1990-04-09
Filing date: 1991-03-02
Publication date: 1993-01-27
Anticipated expiration: 2011-03-02
Also published as: DE4011398A1; US5321935A; ES2066427T3; WO1991015422A1; EP0524196B1; DE4011398C2; KR970009389B1; ATE112536T1

Abstract

L'invention propose un mécanisme vireur pour couvercles filetés, en particulier en matière synthétique, destinés à des conteneurs, qui est pourvu d'un entraînement et d'un dispositif limiteur de couple. Ledit mécanisme se caractérise par le fait que l'on utilise comme dispositif limiteur de couple, un mécanisme de commande (19) qui commande l'approvisionnement en énergie de l'entraînement (9) en fonction du couple de fermeture et/ou de l'angle de rotation du couvercle (3) mesuré par un capteur (17) d'angle de rotation. Le mécanisme de commande actionne un dispositif de commutation en fonction du signal provenant d'un capteur de couple (15) ou d'un capteur d'angle de rotation, ledit signal étant comparé dans un comparateur (21) avec des couples ou des angles de rotation prédéterminés. Le dispositif de commutation (9) peut ouvrir, interrompre ou inverser l'alimentation en énergie du moteur (9). Si l'alimentation en énergie est inversée, le sens de rotation du moteur est inversé.The invention provides a turning mechanism for threaded covers, in particular of synthetic material, intended for containers, which is provided with a drive and with a torque limiting device. Said mechanism is characterized in that a control mechanism (19) is used as the torque limiting device, which controls the supply of energy to the drive (9) as a function of the closing torque and / or the angle of rotation of the cover (3) measured by a sensor (17) of angle of rotation. The control mechanism actuates a switching device according to the signal from a torque sensor (15) or from a rotation angle sensor, said signal being compared in a comparator (21) with torques or angles of predetermined rotation. The switching device (9) can open, interrupt or reverse the power supply to the motor (9). If the power supply is reversed, the direction of rotation of the motor is reversed.

Description

Rotary device for screw caps and method for applying screw caps to containers

description

The invention relates to a turning device for screw caps according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for applying screw caps to containers according to the preamble of claim 10.

A rotating device for screw closures and a method for applying such closures to containers are known (DE-OS 37 15 935). The known rotating device is used to screw closures onto containers and to maintain a predetermined closing torque. A torque limiting device prevents the desired torque from being exceeded. For this purpose, a control circuit measures the drive current absorbed by the drive motor of the rotary device and releases it Rising of the current to a certain value, which corresponds to a certain torque of the screwed closure, control signals by which the drive current of the drive motor is interrupted. This directly affects the energy supply to the drive.

It has been found, however, that in some cases, in particular when using all-plastic closures, a secure sealing of the containers cannot be achieved even if a specific closing torque is specified. This applies particularly when containers or bottles which are under overpressure are to be closed. By specifying a certain closing torque, it is moreover possible for the mouth region of the containers to be closed to be damaged, in particular in the case of glass bottles, which leads to a risk to the consumer. Finally, it has been shown that the opening torque, that is to say that the torque required to open the container for the first time, is often substantially greater than desired.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a rotary device and a method by means of which containers with screw closures, in particular also those made of plastic, can be closed, containers under an overpressure being closed in a pressure-tight manner but not being damaged in the mouth region and a certain opening torque is set.

This object is achieved in a rotating device of the type mentioned at the beginning with the aid of the guided characteristics solved. Because the control device first determines via a torque sensor whether a certain closing torque, the application torque, has been reached during the closing process, a defined starting point for the further measurements during the closing process is established. After reaching this application torque, the angle of rotation about which the screw closure is rotated by the rotating device is detected. The detection of the angle of rotation after the application torque has been reached ensures that the container is closed particularly sensitively. Damage to the mouth area can thus be excluded with a high degree of certainty and a very exact adherence to a desired opening torque can be ensured.

In a preferred embodiment of the rotary device, the control device is designed such that the angle of rotation by which the screw closure is rotated further after the predetermined application torque has been reached can be limited to a predeterminable value. This design of the turning device leads to a particularly sensitive setting of the desired closing torque, the predetermined opening torque being able to be adhered to very precisely.

In a preferred embodiment of the rotary device, the torque acting on the screw closure is detected with the aid of the control device serving as a torque limiting device. The current supplied to the drive of the rotary device or the voltage applied to the drive is detected. Since the power consumed by the drive is proportional to the voltage or Is current, the instantaneous torque can be determined from the instantaneous values of the current or the voltage. This moment detection is particularly easy to carry out.

In a further preferred closing device, the change in the tightening torque over time is recorded. If, therefore, the closure suddenly hooks or cant when screwing it on, which is recognized by a rapid increase in the torque per unit of time, the closing process can be interrupted so that the mouth region of the container is not damaged.

Further refinements and advantages of the rotary device result from the subclaims.

The stated object is also achieved by a method of the type mentioned at the beginning with the aid of the features mentioned in claim 10. In order to achieve a particularly sensitive control of the desired closing torque, the closure is first screwed onto the container until a predetermined tightening torque, the application torque, is reached. This defines a defined initial state of the closing process. The closure is then rotated further by a predeterminable angle of rotation with respect to the container. This leads to a secure setting of the desired closing torque, with damage to the muzzle being practically excluded.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the change in the tightening torque over time is also detected after the application torque has been reached. Disruptions The method during this phase, for example tilting of the closure on the container, can thus be reliably detected.

Finally, an embodiment of the method is preferred in which the screw closure is screwed on until a high limit torque lying above the closing moment is reached. The closure is then rotated in the opposite direction by a predeterminable angle of rotation in order to set the desired closing torque - and thus also a specific opening torque. It is particularly advantageous with this method that containers can also be closed, the threads of which show minor damage and in which an increased closing torque must therefore be applied in order to screw the closure onto the container.

Even if the closure is equipped, for example, with a guarantee ring, an increased torque must be applied when closing, because the closure torque is often reached before the screw closure is in its final position. The initially selected high limit torque also ensures that the seal is pressed particularly well against the mouth region of the container, so that it can compensate for minor damage. A particularly good seal of the container is achieved in this way.

Further embodiments of the method result from the remaining subclaims. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figure. This shows a schematic diagram of the rotating device according to the invention.

The illustration shows a container 1, here a bottle, onto which a plastic screw cap 3 is to be screwed. The closure is gripped by a sketched sealing cone 5 of a rotating device 7 and placed on the container 1. It is irrelevant to the invention whether the sealing cone 5 is rotated relative to the container 1 or whether the sealing cone is fixed and the container 1 rotates.

The sealing cone 5 is rotated here by a motor 9 serving as a drive, which is supplied with current or voltage via a switching device 11. A sensor 13 is provided between the power supply and the switching device, which detects the current or the voltage. In principle, it is also possible to provide the sensor 13 between the switching device 11 and the motor 9.

A torque sensor 15, which detects the torque acting on the screw closure 3, is assigned to the motor 9 or the closing cone 5. Furthermore, the locking cone 5 is assigned a rotation angle sensor 17, which detects the angular position of the cone.

A strain gauge system (DMS), which is integrated in the spindle of the motor 5, which is not explicitly shown in the figure, is preferably used as the torque sensor 15. An in. Is preferably used for the angle measurement the spindle integrated opto-electronic incremental encoder.

The signals from the current or voltage sensor 13, the torque sensor 15 and those from the angle of rotation sensor 17 are fed to a control device 19 which evaluates and processes the measured values. Furthermore, these signals are fed to a comparator circuit 21. This also receives suitable values Ml, M2, M3, M7 and Mö for suitable tightening torques as well as certain values W and Wl for predetermined angles of rotation via suitable actuators. The output signals of the comparator circuit 21 are fed to the control device 19.

The control device 19 is connected via a control line 23 to the switching device 11 of the motor 9. It is also provided with a differentiator 25 to which the output signals of the torque and angle sensors are fed.

The sensor 13, which detects the supply voltage and / or the supply current of the motor 9, serves to determine the torque currently applied by the motor, it being assumed that the torque is proportional to the voltage or to the current. By detecting the changes over time of the supply voltage or the supply current of the motor, changes over time of the torque can also be determined. In this case, the torque sensor 15 described above could be omitted. The function of the rotating device 7 and the method for closing containers are explained in more detail below.

Basically, the device and the method are suitable for closing any container. The use of the device or the method for closing bottles with the aid of plastic closures is preferred. The bottles can be made of glass or plastic, for example PET.

The screw cap 3 is introduced into the sealing cone 5 in any manner, for example in a so-called pick process. The sealing cone 5 with the screw closure 3 clamped therein is then arranged over a container 1 to be sealed. The locking cone 5 rotates here relative to the fixed container 1.

The rotating screw cap 3 is now placed on the container 1. For this purpose, a corresponding switching signal is sent from the control device 19 via the control line 23 to the switching device 11, which, for example, has an electronic switch or a relay, so that the motor 9 is supplied with energy. During the screwing of the closure 3 onto the container 1, the closing torque or tightening torque exerted by the motor 9 on the closing cone 5 or the screw closure 3 is recorded. The instantaneous moment can be determined on the one hand with the aid of the sensor 13, which measures the Tor 9 delivered current or the applied voltage. It is also possible to directly measure the torque transmitted from the motor 9 to the closing cone 5 with the aid of the torque sensor 15. The output signal of the sensor 13 or of the torque sensor 15 is fed to the control device 19 but also to the comparator 21. This compares the current torque value with a predeterminable tightening torque M1, the so-called application torque. As soon as this moment M1 is reached, the angle of rotation sensor 17 is activated via the control device 19. The control device 19 now evaluates the signals of the angle of rotation sensor. The current angle of rotation of the closing cone 5 or the closure 3 is compared by means of the comparator 21 with a predetermined angle value W. As soon as the closure has been screwed on by the desired angle of rotation W after the application torque M 1 has been reached, the control device 19 sends a signal to the switching device 11 via the line 23, so that the switch device interrupts the energy supply to the motor 9. This prevents further twisting of the closure.

If the current or voltage sensor 13 is used, the rotation angle sensor 17 can be dispensed with. The torque applied by the motor 9 can be determined so precisely that when the predeterminable closing torque M2 is reached via the control device 19 and the control line 23, the switching device 11 is actuated such that the motor 9 is switched off. In a DC motor, the torque is proportional to that applied to the motor. current or voltage. If only a low accuracy is desired when the closing torque M2 is reached, this method is sufficient for closing containers.

If the application torque Ml or the closing torque is not reached, the following conclusion can be drawn from this: The closure fell out of the closing cone before reaching the container, due to a control error no container was moved under the closing cone or the thread was opened the container or the thread provided on the inner wall of the closure has been destroyed.

The control device 19 can, for example, be provided with a timing element which specifies a specific time within which the application or the closing torque must be reached. If this is not the case, a control signal is outputted via a signal line S and the currently unter¬ half of the closing cone ¹ discarded 5 arranged vessel 1 from the closing line.

Instead of specifying a specific time, which may pass a maximum until the application torque Ml is reached, a specific angle of rotation can also be specified. This means that the closure is screwed onto the container by one full revolution, for example. After that, the application torque must be reached. If this is not the case, it is concluded that there is damage to the container or the closure. The corresponding container is separated out. On the other hand, when the application torque M1 is reached and the rotation angle sensor 17 has been activated by the control device 19, the locking cone 5 is rotated further until the instantaneous rotation angle reaches the value W entered into the comparator 21. The predetermined angle of rotation W is determined on the basis of experiments. This ensures that the desired closing torque M2 is reached. With such a predetermined closing moment, it is ensured on the one hand that the container is closed in a pressure-tight manner by the screw closure 3. On the other hand, it is ensured that the opening torque Mo, the torque required for the first opening of the container, is also maintained.

While the screw cap 3 is rotated further by the predetermined angle of rotation W, the momentary tightening torque can be monitored further using the torque sensor 15 and compared in the comparator circuit 21 with a second torque value, a predetermined maximum value M3. If this maximum value M3 is reached during the further rotation of the closure, it can be concluded that there is a muzzle error. If, for example, the thread on the outside of the container is jagged, it cuts into the inner wall or into the thread of the plastic screw closure 3. The torque required to turn the closure further increases so much that the predetermined maximum value M3 is exceeded.

Will 5 during the further rotation of the closing cone until the predetermined angle of rotation W is reached Maximum value of the desired tightening torque M3 exceeded, this may also be due to the fact that the internal thread is damaged in its further course within the screw cap 3. As a result, the closure cannot be screwed on far enough so that the seal provided there does not come into sufficient engagement with the mouth region of the container 1. An internal pressure in the container can escape unhindered. Therefore, in such a case, a signal is emitted via the control line S to the control device 19, so that this container is separated from the closing device.

In addition, each time the maximum torque M3 is exceeded before the predetermined angle of rotation W is reached, the switching device 11 is actuated via the control line 23 such that the motor 9 no longer drives the locking cone 5. This avoids that excessive torque acts on the mouth area of the container 1 and damage occurs.

Finally, the maximum tightening torque .M3 could also be exceeded before the desired angle of rotation W is reached if the closure 3 jams on the thread of the container after reaching the application torque Ml. Even then, on the one hand, it would not be ensured that the seal provided in the closure seals the container pressure tightly, on the other hand, if the sealing process continues, an excessive moment could act on the mouth region of the container due to the tilting and lead to damage. Within the control device 19 there is a differentiating element 25 which determines the time derivative of the output signal of the torque sensor 15 but also of the output signal of the angle of rotation sensor 17.

From a detected with the help of this differentiator 25 too large temporal change in the angle of rotation z. B. can also be found when the sealing cone 5 suddenly turns, that is, the screw cap 3 has no hold on the container 1. This can be due, for example, to the fact that the side wall of the closure has burst or the thread on the container has broken. In such a case, a signal is emitted via the control line S and the corresponding container is separated out.

If it turns out that the increase in torque after reaching the application torque Ml and before reaching the desired angle of rotation W is too small, it can be concluded that either the seal in the closure is defective, that the closure is already in place was torn on the container or that the bottle thread is not properly formed. In any case, it can be concluded that the closure on the container turns. In this case too, the corresponding container is separated out by a signal on the control line S.

If, on the other hand, after the application torque Ml has been reached, the torque increases too quickly before the desired angle of rotation W is reached, it can be concluded that damage to the thread, the closure or the container has occurred or that the closure has jammed on the container. In this case too, a signal is emitted via the control line S and the associated container is separated out.

Because a maximum torque M3 is specified for the closing process, the opening torque, the torque Mo required for the first opening of the container, can be set to a desired value. On the other hand, additional security is also achieved in this way by tilting the closure or damage to the thread of the closure or the container being recognized and the containers concerned being able to be separated out.

Due to the fact that the torque and, on the other hand, the angle of rotation are predetermined after a predetermined application torque has been reached, the moments which occur when a container is closed with the aid of a screw closure can be limited. On the one hand, this prevents damage to the muzzle, but on the other hand it also ensures that the locking device is overloaded, so that its wear can be minimized. The service life of this facility is then extended very much.

The method can be modified insofar as the screw cap 3 is screwed by the motor 9 until the torque sensor 15 and the comparator 21 determine that a torque limit value Mg has been reached which is above the closing torque M2. The increased tightening torque means that containers 1 with small thread damage can also be securely closed. Basically, it should be noted that in the event of thread damage, the ultimately desired locking torque M2 is reached before the lock has reached its final position on the container thread, because the damage creates additional frictional forces.

Even when using closures with a guarantee ring, which is intended to indicate the first opening of the closure, the ultimately desired closing moment M2 is often reached before the closure has reached its final position on the container, because of the guarantee ring additional friction torque arises. Therefore, when such closures are used, a torque above the ultimately desired closing torque M2 must first be applied.

As a result of the increased tightening torque, an optimal pressure of the seal on the mouth region of the container is finally achieved. As a result, even with minor damage, it forms itself on the mouth in such a way that an optimal sealing of the container is ensured even when the contents are under pressure.

In order to prevent excessive opening torques from occurring due to the closure with an increased tightening torque, a reversal is carried out after the closure has been screwed on up to the limit torque Mg by a control signal from the control device 19, which is fed via line 23 to the switching device 11 the energy supply to the motor 9 is reached. This then turns in the opposite direction. The angle of rotation sensor 17 is activated simultaneously with this control signal. Its output signals are compared in the comparator 21 with an angle value W1 assigned to the left rotation or the opening movement. As soon as the predetermined angle of rotation, which can be, for example, in the range from 10 ° to 15 °, is reached, that is to say as soon as the current angle of rotation reaches the limit value W1 present in the comparator 21, a control signal from the control device 19 is sent via the control line 23 the switching device 11 is controlled so that the motor 9 is disconnected from the energy supply. As a result, the opening movement of the closure 3 is ended.

Experiments determine how far the closure has to be turned after tightening to the limit moment Mg in the opposite direction until the desired opening moment Mo is established. The required angle of rotation can depend on the combination of the materials selected for the container, closure and seal.

Because the switching device 11 can be controlled in such a way that an energy reversal or polarity reversal of the energy supply to the motor 9 is achieved, it is possible for the rotary device of the type described above to be controlled such that when an error occurs during the When a container is closed, the direction of rotation is first reversed and the closure is unscrewed again from the container. Then the closing process is started again. If a proper the container is left in the normal manufacturing process. Only when an error occurs again, for example because the closure or the mouth area of the container has been destroyed, is the container removed from the process. In this way, discharges can be reduced to a minimum, which means that further processing steps have to be carried out outside the normal workflow. By reversing the energy supply, a further improvement of the closing process can be achieved.

Due to the possibility of energy reversal, it is also possible to turn the closure 3 against the closure direction after the first placement on the container 1. In this way, the thread provided in the closure can be optimally aligned with respect to the container thread. After a certain counterclockwise rotation, the closure engages on the container, which can be determined, for example, by the axial movement of the closure relative to the container. This movement can be sensed by a suitable displacement sensor.

In the case of screw closures with a guarantee ring, the rotation of the closure in the opposite direction leads to the latter being optimally aligned. This prevents jamming of the guarantee ring during the subsequent screwing on of the closure.

Claims

Expectations

1. Rotary device for screw caps, in particular made of plastic, for containers with a drive, a control device influencing the energy supply of the drive and serving as a torque limiting device, which comprises a torque sensor and a rotation angle sensor, characterized in that the Control device (19) detects the angle of rotation only after a predetermined closing torque (Ml) has been reached.

2. Rotating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (19) is designed so that the angle of rotation by which the screw closure (3) is rotated further after reaching the certain closing torque (Ml), can be limited to a predeterminable value.

3. Rotary device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control device (19) for detecting the instantaneous torque has at least one current and / or voltage detection device assigned to the energy supply of the drive.

4. Rotating device according to one of claims 1 to

3, characterized in that the Steuerein¬ device (19) detects the temporal change in the locking torque.

5. Rotating device according to one of claims 1 to

4, characterized in that the control device (19) for detecting the closing torque and / or the temporal change in the closing moment has at least one sensor (13) for determining the supply current and / or the supply voltage of the drive of the closing device (7 ) having.

6. Rotating device according to one of claims 1 to

5, characterized in that the control device (19) has at least one comparator circuit (21) which compares the closing torque currently achieved with a predeterminable value for the torque (M1, M2, M3).

7. Rotating device according to one of claims 1 to

6, characterized in that the Steuerein¬ device (19) is assigned an energy supply reversing circuit.

8. A rotating device according to claim 7, characterized in that the energy supply reversing circuit is assigned a torque sensor (15) which detects the opening torque (Mo).

9.Turning device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the control device (19) is designed as a control circuit.

10. A method for applying screw fasteners, in particular made of plastic, to containers, in particular by means of a rotating device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the screw fastener (3) until a predetermined locking torque (application torque Ml) is reached. screwed, then the angle of rotation and / or the temporal change in the closing torque is detected.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the acting on the screw cap (3) torque with the aid of a torque sensor (15) or by means of a power supply of the drive of the rotating device associated current and / or voltage detection device.

12. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that the instantaneous locking moment is compared with a predeterminable torque value (M2) and / or the instantaneous rotation angle is compared with a predeterminable rotation angle (W).

13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that after an energy supply reversal, the instantaneous opening torque is detected as soon as the angle of rotation is> 0 °.

14. The method according to claim 10, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a predetermined locking torque is above the desired locking torque (M2) lying limit torque (Mg) is selected, and that after reaching this limiting torque the lock by one Predeterminable angle of rotation is rotated counter to the closing device.

15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that in the case of containers (1) in which incorrect angle and / or torque values are determined, at least one renewed closing operation is initiated.

16. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that containers (1), in which incorrect angle and / or moment values have been determined, are sorted out.