EP0519947A1

EP0519947A1 - Polyolefin moulding materials and their use

Info

Publication number: EP0519947A1
Application number: EP19910905131
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wilhelm Schütz; Claus-D. Oltmann; Walter Pohl; Hans-Henning Hub; Arno GRÜNDEL
Original assignee: Stelcon AG
Current assignee: Stelcon AG
Priority date: 1990-03-10
Filing date: 1991-03-02
Publication date: 1992-12-30
Also published as: WO1991013936A3; WO1991013936A2; HUT62630A; HU9202896D0; DE4007642A1

Abstract

Des matières moulables en polyoléfine contiennent en tant que composants essentiels: (A) entre 10 et 40 % en poids de polyoléfines apolaires; (B) entre 50 et 89 % en poids d'un copolymère d'éthylène à base d'éthylène et d'acides carboxyliques insaturés et/ou des ionomères à base de tels copolymères d'éthylène; (C) entre 1 et 10 % en poids d'un polymère non fibreux différent de A et B; (D) entre 0 et 40 % en poids de charges conductrices, ainsi que (E) des additifs et des produits auxiliaires de traitement usuels.Polyolefin moldable materials contain as essential components: (A) between 10 and 40% by weight of nonpolar polyolefins; (B) between 50 and 89% by weight of an ethylene copolymer based on ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acids and / or ionomers based on such ethylene copolymers; (C) between 1 and 10% by weight of a non-fibrous polymer other than A and B; (D) between 0 and 40% by weight of conductive fillers, as well as (E) usual additives and auxiliary processing products.

Description

Polyolefin molding compositions and their use

description

The present invention relates to polyolefin molding compositions containing as essential components

A) 10 to 40% by weight of apolar polyolefins

B) 50 to 89% by weight of an ethylene copolymer on the

Basis of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acids and / or ionomers based on such ethylene copolymers

C) 1 to 10% by weight of a non-fibrous, from A and

B different polymers

D) 0 to 40% by weight of conductive fillers

as well as beyond

E) usual additives and processing aids.

In addition, the invention relates to the use of the molding compositions according to the invention for the production of moldings by injection molding or extrusion, and to sheet-like or plate-shaped floor coverings produced from the polyolefin molding compositions according to the invention.

Polyolefins are used in a wide range of industrial applications, a large number of different ones Products are known for different purposes, which have different property profiles.

So far, products based on vinyl halide polymers have been used to a large extent in the area of floor coverings, in particular in industrial rooms, but these are not fully satisfactory with regard to some requirements.

Floor coverings based on polyolefins, in particular polypropylene, for the private sector have already found widespread use; however, these products cannot be used in the industrial area, since they are unable to cope with the higher loads occurring in the industrial area.

Highly crystalline polyolefin polymers offer improved mechanical stability, but form extremely smooth and therefore non-slip surfaces and are difficult to bond. In addition, there is often too little flexibility and a high sensitivity to stress cracking.

The flexibility can be improved by adding products with impact modifying properties such as ethylene / propylene copolymers or ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymers (EPDM rubbers), but this is often at the expense of other desirable properties.

From EP-A 309 674 it is known that crystalline polypropylene reduces the flexibility of heavy coating compositions for textile floor coverings, which is why there Polypropylene is largely replaced by polypropylene grafted with unsaturated organic acids. However, these products show too high permanent penetration depths for use in industrial flooring.

Mixtures of linear polyolefins, acid copolymers of ethylene and fibrous fillers and reinforcing materials are known from US Pat. No. 4,387,188, the proportion of the fibrous additives being up to 50% by weight.

Finally, DE-A 33 06 776 discloses a polyolefin molding composition which contains ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers as the main component. However, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers have some properties which are disadvantageous for use in industrial flooring, in particular a relatively high shrinkage and a relatively low hardness.

The object of the present invention was to provide polyolefin molding compositions which are particularly suitable for the production of industrial floor coverings, for. B. the in particular a high resilience (and associated small residual impressions according to DIN 51 955), a high impact strength and flexibility, a low depth of impression and a low rolling friction resistance, a high dimensional stability under heat, a high slip resistance and a high Have abrasion resistance and can be glued to a variety of underlays or are easy to weld, and are ultimately resistant to chemicals. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the polyolefin molding compositions defined at the outset.

Preferred compositions of this type can be found in the subclaims.

As component A), the polyolefin molding compositions according to the invention contain 10 to 40, preferably 11 to 35 and in particular 12 to 25% by weight of apolar polyolefins.

The polymers of component A) advantageously have a high degree of crystallinity.

In terms of chemical structure, both polyethylene and polypropylene or mixtures of both polymers are preferred.

Ethylene polymers as component A) preferably have a density in the range from 0.94 to 0.97 g / cm ³ , in particular from 0.945 to 0.965 g / cm ³ and degrees of crystallinity of at least 50%, preferably more than 60%.

The melt index is generally in the range from 0.01 to 40 g / 10 min, preferably 0.1 to 30 g / 10 min, measured at 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg.

Suitable types of polyethylene are commercially available, for example so-called MDPE (medium density polyethylene) or HDPE (high density polyethylene) under the trade name Lupolen from BASF AG. Mixtures of different polyethylenes can of course also be used as component A). The propylene polymers which can also be used as component A) are also known per se to the person skilled in the art and are commercially available.

Isotactic propylene polymers with a high degree of crystallinity are generally suitable. The densities of such products are generally in the range from 0.88 to 0.92, in particular from 0.89 to 0.91 g / cm ^3, and the volume flow index (MVI) is, depending on the molecular weight of the particular polypropylene range of 0.1 to 100 cm ^3/10 min, preferably in the range of 0.2 to 60 cm ^3/10 min, measured according to DIN 53 735 at 230 ° C and 2.16 kg load.

Suitable polypropylenes are available under the name Novolen® 1100 and 1300 from BASF AG.

Also suitable as component A) are copolymers of ethylene with other 1-olefins, in particular propylene and their mixtures with MDPE, HDPE and / or isotactic polypropylene.

In principle, block and statistical copolymers are suitable, the proportions of the individual monomers being subject to no particular restriction.

Suitable copolymers are available under the names Novolen ® 23 .. or 25 .. and Novolen 32 .. or 35 ..

BASF AG available.

In general it can be said that the selection of the type of

Component A) the final properties of the molding compound

REPLACEMENT LEAF influenced that when using HDPE and / or MDPE at high processing temperatures and high shear forces certain advantages over polypropylene or copolymers are achieved.

Component B), which makes up 50 to 89, in particular 57 to 87 and particularly preferably 62 to 85% by weight, based on the total weight of components A) to C), is an ethylene copolymer based on ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acids and / or ionomers based on such ethylene copolymers.

In general, the copolymers are composed of 50 to 99% by weight of ethylene and 1 to 50% by weight of carboxylic acids or their derivatives, a minimum amount of units derived from free carboxylic acids being present.

Suitable carboxylic acids are unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic acid, of which the first two are preferred. Maleic anhydride behaves like free maleic acid under the processing conditions and is therefore also to be assigned to this group. The proportion of unsaturated carboxylic acids is generally 0.5 to 20 and preferably 1 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the ethylene copolymers.

As further comonomers in addition to ethylene and the unsaturated carboxylic acids mentioned, there are in particular C, -C, _R alkyl esters of the acids mentioned, in particular C, -C, "- (meth) Al

To name 1 lo kylacrylate. Their share is generally my up to 45, preferably 2 to 40 and especially ^• 6 to 35 wt.%, based on the total weight of the merisate copolyvidone.

The density of the ethylene copolymers which can be used according to the invention as component B) is generally in the range from 0.91 to 0.96, in particular from 0.92 to 0.95 g / cm ^3, and the melt index is in the range from 0.1 up to 100, preferably from 0.5 to 30 g / 10 min, measured at 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg according to DIN 53 735.

Suitable ionomers as component B) are those which can be obtained by partially or completely neutralizing the carbonyl groups of the ethylene copolymers described above with metal salts, in particular Zn or Na salts. A process for the production of such products as well as such products per se are e.g. B. described in US-A 3,264,272 or known to those skilled in the art, so that further details are unnecessary here. It goes without saying that mixtures of ethylene copolymers and ionomers as component B) can be used in any mixing ratio.

The suitable ionomers preferably have a density in the range from 0.92 to 0.97, preferably from 0.93 to 0.95 g / cm ³ and a melt index from 0.5 to 30, preferably from 1.0 to 20 g / 10 min, measured at 190 ° C and a load of 2.16 kg. Suitable ethylene copolymers or ionomers are available under the name Lucalen® from BASF AG.

The polyolefin molding compositions according to the invention contain 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 8 and, as component C) in particular 2 to 6% by weight of a non-fibrous polymer different from A and B.

Polyamides and polycarbonates or mixtures thereof are particularly suitable as component C).

It is essential that component C) is present in the molding composition in a non-fibrous form, for example as a result of incorporation in granular or pulp form.

It is also possible to introduce component C) applied to the surface of component A) into the mixture. Products of this type are available for the production of foils and, accordingly, recyclates or regrind waste therefrom can also be used well.

Suitable polyamides are e.g. B. poly-ε-caprolactam (polyamide 6), polyhexamethylene adipamide (polyamide-66) and polyamide-11 and polyamide-12.

The relative viscosity of such products is generally in the range from 1.2 to 5.0, preferably from 1.8 to 4.0, measured in 0.5% strength solution in 96% strength by weight H ₂ SO ₄ DIN 53 727.

Instead of polyamides, polycarbonates are also suitable as component C), polycarbonates based on bisphenol A or its substituted derivatives being preferred in particular. Mixtures of polyamides and polycarbonates can of course also be used. Suitable polyamides and polycarbonates are known to the person skilled in the art, for. B. known under the names Ultramid (BASF AG) or Lexan ® (General Electric Co. Ltd.) and commercially available, so that further details on their manufacture are unnecessary here.

As already mentioned, the products suitable as component C) can advantageously be used as recyclates from production waste in pure form or as coextrudates with partially crystalline polyethylene, preferably in the form of ground material with a particle size of up to 5 mm, in particular in the form of flakes be used.

Incorporation in a non-fibrous form gives the molding compositions according to the invention properties which cannot be achieved with fibrous fillers.

The choice of the suitable polyamide or polycarbonate depends on the desired profile of properties, the particular advantages of the individual polyamides or polycarbonates being known to the person skilled in the art.

An important advantage of the present invention is that optimal molding properties can be achieved in the molding compositions without the addition of fibrous reinforcing agents. H. such fillers are advantageously not included. This makes processing much easier.

As component D), the molding compositions according to the invention can contain 0 to 40, preferably 0.2 to 35 and in particular 0.5 to 25% by weight of conductive fillers in order to achieve the

Targeted adjustment of the surface conductivity of molded articles produced from the molding compositions. In order to obtain a sufficient increase in conductivity with these relatively small amounts of conductive fillers, these are preferably added only when the components are mixed just before the production of the shaped body, so as to concentrate on the surface by deliberately poor dispersion to reach. Carbon black is particularly suitable as a conductive filler.

In addition to components A) to D), the molding compositions according to the invention may also contain conventional additives and processing aids, as are known to the person skilled in the art for polyolefin processing. Only additives for improving the fire properties or pigments for coloring as well as lubricants and mold release agents are mentioned here, for example.

The molding compositions according to the invention are advantageously produced in such a way that at least some of the phases are linked to one another in the course of the mixing. This is e.g. B. achieved by mixing at elevated temperatures and / or the application of high shear forces. A particularly suitable process is the mixing of the components in solid form and subsequent melting in an extruder for homogenization. Moldings can then be produced from the granules obtained after extrusion.

The polyolefin molding compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of floor coverings in the industrial area, in particular in sheet or sheet form. Such floor coverings are characterized by a good combination of

- high resilience according to DIN 51 955, - high bending impact strength at low temperatures,

- low impression depth,

- high dimensional stability under heat,

- high abrasion resistance,

- good slip resistance, - good adhesiveness or weldability and

- good chemical resistance

out.

The following example illustrates the invention.

example

A polyolefin alloy according to the invention, consisting of

a) 28% by mass of apolar HDPE / MDPE with a density of 950 kg / m ³ ;

MFI 190 / 2.16 = 0.2 kg / 10 min.

b) 70% by mass of a copolymer of ethylene with 8.2% by weight of acrylic acid with densities of

0.937 g / cm ³ and a melt index of 15 to 19 g / 10 min (MFI 190 / 2.16) (Lucalen® A 3710S from BASF AG)

c) 2% by mass of polyamide-6, contained as coextrudate in a regrind together with a)

is in a batch without the addition of carbon black as mixture A and in a batch with 0.2 mass% as mixture B.

Drying and standardization of the compound in one

Injection molding machine too

A) undyed plates with an edge length of 400 x 500 mm and a thickness of 4 mm,

B) colored plates with an edge length of 400 x 400 mm and a thickness of 8 mm

shaped. The results of testing the products on

Residual impression depth and penetration depth according to DIN 51 955

- Shore hardness A according to DIN 53 505

Slip resistance, Stanley text "Antiskidresistance" - building material standard

- Modulus of elasticity (tension) according to DIN 53 445

- Thrust module according to DIN 53 445

- Impact resistance 23 ° / -40 ° C DIN 53 453

Strength of the bond with PUR one-component adhesive on sandblasted concrete surface

_a ) Shear strength b) Peel test

- Dimensional change due to heat according to DIN 51 962

- Abrasion resistance according to DIN 51 963

are recorded in the following tables. Table 1

Strength properties of products A) and B)

Product A Product B

Depth of penetration (mm)

150 min 0.008 0.054 1500 min 0.015 0.066

Residual impression depth e (mm) 15 min after relief 0.003-0.009 0.02 150 min after relief 0.001-0.002 0.008

Shore hardness A 98 96-97

Impact strength 23 ° / -40 ° C without break without break

Modulus of elasticity (N / mm ² ) 650 520

Thrust module (N / mm ² 340 320

Abrasion resistance (well! 0.012 0.012

Table 2

Surface properties of products A) and B)

Product A Product B

Slip resistance 67-87 85

Applicability by gluing to concrete surfaces with PUR

a) shear strength (N / mm ² ) 2.4 2.8 break in the break in the concrete surface concrete surface

b) Peel strength (N / mm) 4.5 4.8 according to DIN 53 278 Break in the break in the concrete surface Concrete surface

Surface resistance (u.) 20 -10 11 according to DIN 53 482

Claims

1. Polyolefin molding compositions containing as essential components

A) 10 to 40% by weight of apolar polyolefins

B) 50 to 89% by weight of an ethylene copolymer on the

C) 1 to 10% by weight of a non-fibrous, from A and

B different polymers

D) 0 to 40% by weight of conductive fillers

as well as beyond

E) usual additives and processing aids.

2. Polyolefin molding compositions according to claim 1, characterized by a content of 0.2 to 35% by weight of component D.

3. Polyolefin molding compositions according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a partially crystalline polyethylene with a density in the range from 0.94 to 0.97 g / cm ^{3 is} contained as component A).

4. polyolefin molding compositions according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that part A) is partially crystalline polypropylene.

5. Polyolefin molding compositions according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that statistical component propylene / ethylene copolymers and / or block copolymers of propylene and ethylene are contained as component A).

6. Polyolefin molding compositions according to one of claims 1 to

5, characterized in that component B) contains a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or ionomers based on such copolymers.

7. polyolefin molding composition according to any one of claims 1 to

6, characterized in that a thermoplastic polyamide and / or a polycarbonate is contained as component C).

8. Use of the polyolefin molding compositions according to one of claims 1 to 7 for the production of moldings by injection molding or extrusion.

9. Use of the polyolefin molding compositions according to one of claims 1 to 7 for the production of floor coverings.

10. sheet or plate-shaped floor coverings from molding compositions according to one of claims 1 to 7.