EP0516119B1 - Hollow trilobal cross-section filament and spinneret plate for the manufacture of it - Google Patents
Hollow trilobal cross-section filament and spinneret plate for the manufacture of it Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0516119B1 EP0516119B1 EP19920109046 EP92109046A EP0516119B1 EP 0516119 B1 EP0516119 B1 EP 0516119B1 EP 19920109046 EP19920109046 EP 19920109046 EP 92109046 A EP92109046 A EP 92109046A EP 0516119 B1 EP0516119 B1 EP 0516119B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- void
- carpet
- yarn
- manufacture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a trilobal synthetic polymeric filament having a single void extending approximately axially central, the total cross-sectional void area of the filament being between 3 and 10 percent void.
- the present invention furthermore relates to a carpet made from these filaments and a spinneret plate for the manufacture of these filaments.
- Trilobal fibers are known to provide cover superior to round cross-sections and it is known to make trilobal and pseudo-trilobal filaments (e.g., deltas, T-shapes).
- Trilobal and pseudo-trilobal filaments e.g., deltas, T-shapes.
- Exemplary are U.S. Patent No. 3,981,948 to Phillips, U.S. Patent No. 3,194,002 to Raynolds et al., U.S. Patent No. 2,939,201 to Holland, U.S. Patent No. 4,492,731 to Bankar et al. and Japanese Kokai 42-22574.
- GB-A-1,160,263 does not disclose a modification ratio and an arm angle of the fiber and the void area of the filament is not defined.
- FR-A-1,497,744 does not disclose a modification ratio and an arm angle of the fiber and the filament has a total cross-sectional void area of between 10 and 30%.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,648,830 to Peterson et al. discloses a spinneret for manufacturing hollow trilobal cross-section filaments.
- the filaments disclosed therein have one extending hole in each lobe.
- the present invention concerns a multilobal synthetic polymeric filament having a single approximately axially extending central void.
- the total cross-sectional void area of the filament is between 3 and 10 percent void.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view of a filament according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of a spinneret useful to prepare the filament of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of another spinneret according to the present invention.
- modification ratio means the ratio of the radius R 2 of the circumscribed circle to the radius R 1 of the inscribed circle as shown in FIG. 1.
- arm angle is the angle formed by extension of sides of an arm as shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 Depicted in FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of fiber 10 which is representative of the present invention.
- Filament 10 is trilobal having three (3) lobes, 11, 12 and 13 and axially extending, more or less central, void 15.
- filament 10 has a modification ratio of between 2 to 6, more preferably 2.0 to 3.5 and an arm angle between 7° and 35°.
- the single approximately central void represents 3 to 10 percent, preferably 5 to 8 percent, of the total fiber volume measured including the volume of the void.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a spinneret usefull for preparing the filament of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of one filament forming bore group of a spinneret of the present invention.
- Bore group 10 consists of three approximately "Y" shaped holes, 11, 11' and 11". Each Y-shaped hole has long legs, 12, 12' and 12", and short legs, 13, 13' and 13". The angle between legs 12 and 12' is typically 80° to 160°, preferably 100° to 140° and need not be uniform.
- R 2 is preferably from 0.5 to 6 mm, more preferably 1.5 to 3.0 mm.
- R 1 is preferably from 0.3 to 2.5 mm but more preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the width of each leg is typically between 0.005 to 0.15 mm, preferably 0.06 to 0.10 mm.
- the gap between legs 13 and 13' is 0.05 to 0.25 mm, preferably 0.08 to 0.20 mm.
- Legs 13 and 12 are of sufficient length to meet the limitations of R 1 and R 2 .
- any filament count yarn can be manufactured, to illustrate the present invention a spinneret is cut with 58 filament bore groups arranged in a circular layout with 8 rows and 6 to 9 capillaries per row of filament forming capillaries.
- Nylon 6 polymer is extruded at normal conventional spinning conditions into a quench stack, drawn, and taken up onto the package where it is further processed into typical carpet yarn.
- This carpet yarn is then tufted into a carpet using conventional tufting methods and the face yarn of the carpet is observed to have improved apparent bulk, luster, soil hiding, resiliency and appearance retention compared to previously known trilobal carpet yarns having no central void.
- FIG. 3 is an alternate form of the spinneret of the present invention.
- Filaments of the present invention may be prepared from synthetic thermoplastic polymers which are melt spinnable.
- Exemplary polymers are polyamides such as poly(hexamethylene adipamide), polycaprolactam and polyamides of bis(4-aminocyclohexyl(methane and linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 9, 10 and 12 carbon atoms; copolyamides; polyester such as poly (ethylene) terephthalic acid and copolymers thereof; and polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Both heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures of such polymers may also be used.
- the filaments can be prepared by known methods of spinning filaments. Molten polymer is spun through spinneret orifices shaped to provide the desired void volume and filament cross-sections under spinning conditions which give the desired denier. Specific spinning conditions and spinneret orifices, shapes and dimensions will vary depending upon the particular polymer and filament product being spun.
- the spinning and quenching conditions are modified appropriately.
- the present void can generally be increased by more rapid quenching of the molten filaments by increasing the polymer melt viscosity.
- the filament ends of a length of yarn weighing from 6 to 8 grams are sealed by melting with a flame.
- the yarn is weighed.
- the yarn density is determined.
- the density of a solid filament yarn is also determined with the same method as a control. Percent void is then calculated by subtracting the density of the hollow filament yarn from the density of the solid control, dividing the result by the density of the solid filament yarn and then multiplying by 100.
- mock-dyned carpet samples made from fibers with various cross-sections (of interest), are installed in a heavily traveled corridor for 50,000 passes. The samples are then cleaned with a standard vacuum cleaner and visually ranked for degree of soiling. Lower numbers represent less degree of soiling.
- Fiber cross sections are magnified (300X) to determine the arm angle. Two tangent straight lines are drawn for each arm and the angle formed from the two straight lines is measured. The reported arm angle represents the average of ten measurements.
- Cut pile carpets are made by standard tufting methods from cabled and heatset yarns. After mock dyeing, the carpets are visually ranked for luster. Lower numbers represent higher degree of luster.
- a recording goniophotometer (HunterLab Goniophotometer GP-1R Serial 1050) is used to obtain reflectance readings. As illustrated in the following diagram, goniophotometers are used to take reflectance readings at varying angles. A fixed angle of incidence (60°) and varied angle of detection (-120 to 30°) is used. Yarn samples are wound in parallel on a 3.8 cm x 10.2 cm card. There are about four to five layers of yarn on each card. The measurement conditions are:
- a carpet sample is cut to 134.6 cm x 121.9 cm.
- the carpet sample is taped to a platform with carpet tape.
- a metal chair with casters is filled with 45.4 kg weight and put onto the carpet.
- the chair is hooked to a motorized plunger rod and rotates on the carpet while the plunger rod cycles back and forth.
- the orientation of the carpet sample is periodically changed. At the end of 1,500 cycles, the degree of wear is assessed by a paired comparison.
- a paired comparison test is conducted using eleven observers.
- the objective of the examination is to compare two carpets at a time and to select a carpet sample that has better overall appearance after a fixed amount of wear.
- the data received from the observers is processed by using a preference table.
- the observer's entry is treated in the following way:
- a spinneret having 58 filament capillaries is arranged in a circular layout with eight rows and 6 to 9 capillaries per row.
- the capillaries are formed generally according to FIG. 2 with appropriate design for the desired arm angle, percent void and modification ratio and are offset with respect to the capillaries of each next adjacent row.
- Commercial Nylon 6 polymer (with a relative viscosity of 2.7; measured at a concentration of 1 g per 100 ml in 96% by weight of sulfuric acid) is extruded with conventional spinning conditions into a quench stack, drawn, textured and taken up onto a package where it is further processed into typical carpet yarn.
- Samples A and C are untufted carpet yarn.
- the face yarn of the carpet sample exhibits excellent bulk, luster, soiling hiding, resiliency and appearance retention.
Description
- S
- represents the score
- Ai
- represents carpet sample i in a series
- Aj
- represents carpet sample j in a series
- t
- represents the total number of samples in the paired comparison evaluation
- If Ai > Aj then Sij = 1
- If Ai = Aj then Sij = 0,5
- If Ai < Aj then Sij = 0
- If Sij = 1 then Sji = 0
- If Sij = 0,5 then Sji = 0,5
- If Sij = 0 then Sji = 1
- Therefore Sji = 1 - Sij
- Sij = t (t-1)/2
(j) | |||||||
(i) | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | Total Score | |
A1 | - | S12 | S13 | S14 | S15 | Σ S1j | |
A2 | S21 | - | S23 | S24 | S25 | Σ S2j | |
A3 | S31 | S32 | - | S34 | S35 | Σ S3j | |
A4 | S41 | S42 | S43 | - | S45 | Σ S4j | |
A5 | S51 | S52 | S53 | S54 | - | Σ S5j |
ID | Twist (turn/ cm) | MR | Arm Angle | Denier | Cover (cc/g) | Void (%) | | Soiling | |
1 | 0 | 2.6 | 21 | 16 | 4.2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
2 | 0 | 3.3 | 19 | 16 | 4.6 | 0 | 4 | 4 | |
3 | 0 | 3.6 | 14 | 16 | 4.9 | 0 | 4 | 4 | |
4 | 0 | 2.8 | 28 | 16 | 4.6 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
5 | 0 | 3.5 | 20 | 16 | 4.8 | 0 | 4 | 4 | |
6 | 0 | 2.5 | 35 | 20 | 5.2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |
7 | 0 | 3.1 | 11 | 20 | 6.2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | |
8 | 0 | 5.7 | 7 | 20 | 6.7 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
ID | Twist (turn/cm) | MR | Cover (cc/g) | Luster By Photometer |
A | 0.6 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 67 |
1.4 | 4.0 | |||
C | 0.6 | 2.6 | 4.4 | 66 |
1.4 | 3.7 |
ID | Twist (turn/cm) | MR | Arm Angle | Denier | Cover (cc/g) | Void (%) | Luster | Wear Score |
a | 1.5 | 2.5 | 21 | 19 | 4.3 | 0 | 2 | 2.45 |
b | 1.5 | 3.0 | 14 | 19 | 5.0 | 0 | 3 | 2.59 |
c | 1.5 | 3.1 | 21 | 19 | 5.2 | 0 | 2 | 1.64 |
d | 1.5 | 2.8 | 24 | 19 | 5.7 | 6 | 1 | 7.09 |
Claims (5)
- A process for the manufacture of a multilobal synthetic polymeric filament having a single void extending approximately axially central, the total cross-sectional void area of the filament being between 3 and 10 percent void, obtainable by extruding a polymer at normal conventional spinning conditions through a spinneret plate, which has at least one filament forming bore group having a center and said bore group having three openings, each of said openings being approximately Y-shaped with one long leg defining an axis and the axis of each long leg converging on the center of the bore group and said opening having two shorter legs, each of the shorter legs of the same Y being divergent toward said center.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US70842391A | 1991-05-31 | 1991-05-31 | |
US708156 | 1991-05-31 | ||
US07/708,156 US5208107A (en) | 1991-05-31 | 1991-05-31 | Hollow trilobal cross-section filament |
US708423 | 1991-05-31 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0516119A2 EP0516119A2 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
EP0516119A3 EP0516119A3 (en) | 1993-08-04 |
EP0516119B1 true EP0516119B1 (en) | 1998-01-21 |
Family
ID=27108025
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19920109046 Expired - Lifetime EP0516119B1 (en) | 1991-05-31 | 1992-05-29 | Hollow trilobal cross-section filament and spinneret plate for the manufacture of it |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0516119B1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ161992A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69224103T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2111010T3 (en) |
SK (1) | SK161992A3 (en) |
YU (1) | YU48646B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2108382A1 (en) * | 1992-12-08 | 1994-06-09 | Arthur M. Reader | Hollow trilobal cross-section fiber |
EP0601372B1 (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1997-11-05 | Basf Corporation | Mixed cross-section carpet yarn |
US5322736A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1994-06-21 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Hollow-trilobal cross-section filaments |
CA2164573A1 (en) * | 1994-12-08 | 1996-06-09 | Gary H. Linstad | Papermaking fabric formed with yarns having a multi-lobed cross-section |
US6048615A (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2000-04-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Filament having a trilobal cross-section and a trilobal void |
US6447903B1 (en) | 1998-08-27 | 2002-09-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Multilobal hollow filaments having stiffening ribs and stiffening webs |
EP1311716A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2003-05-21 | Honeywell International Inc. | Abrasion resistant, high bulk fiber |
KR100397621B1 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2003-09-13 | 주식회사 효성 | Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) bcf carpet yarn with noncircular cross-section |
KR100397620B1 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2003-09-13 | 주식회사 효성 | Method for preparing poly(trimethylene terephthalate) carpet |
US6589653B2 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2003-07-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Filament having a quadrilobate exterior cross-section and a four-sided void |
EP1541724A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-15 | INVISTA Technologies S.à.r.l. | Spinneret plate for producing a bulked continuous filament having a three-sided exterior cross-section and a convex six-sided central void |
DE602004022763D1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2009-10-08 | Invista Tech Sarl | Bulky hollow filaments with three-sided cross-section and yarns and carpets made from them |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1160263A (en) * | 1965-10-15 | 1969-08-06 | Ici Ltd | Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Hollow Filaments |
CH435535A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1967-05-15 | Inventa Ag | Spinning plate |
US4346053A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1982-08-24 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for melt-spinning hollow fibers |
US4492731A (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1985-01-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Trilobal filaments exhibiting high bulk and sparkle |
US4648830A (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1987-03-10 | Allied Corporation | Spinnerette for producing hollow trilobal cross-section filament |
JPH0696806B2 (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1994-11-30 | 帝人株式会社 | Special bulky yarn and its spinneret |
JPH01298210A (en) * | 1988-05-20 | 1989-12-01 | Teijin Ltd | Modified hollow yarn of polyester and production thereof |
JPH01306606A (en) * | 1988-06-01 | 1989-12-11 | Teijin Ltd | Spinneret for hollow fiber |
-
1992
- 1992-05-28 CZ CS921619A patent/CZ161992A3/en unknown
- 1992-05-28 SK SK161992A patent/SK161992A3/en unknown
- 1992-05-29 EP EP19920109046 patent/EP0516119B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-29 DE DE1992624103 patent/DE69224103T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-29 ES ES92109046T patent/ES2111010T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-01 YU YU56992A patent/YU48646B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CZ161992A3 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
YU56992A (en) | 1996-01-09 |
EP0516119A2 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
SK161992A3 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
DE69224103D1 (en) | 1998-02-26 |
EP0516119A3 (en) | 1993-08-04 |
ES2111010T3 (en) | 1998-03-01 |
YU48646B (en) | 1999-06-15 |
DE69224103T2 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
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