EP0507559B1 - Detergent composition - Google Patents
Detergent composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0507559B1 EP0507559B1 EP19920302847 EP92302847A EP0507559B1 EP 0507559 B1 EP0507559 B1 EP 0507559B1 EP 19920302847 EP19920302847 EP 19920302847 EP 92302847 A EP92302847 A EP 92302847A EP 0507559 B1 EP0507559 B1 EP 0507559B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- soap
- detergent
- bars
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 C22 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010039792 Seborrhoea Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037312 oily skin Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005335 propanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003152 propanolamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 13
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 231100000321 erythema Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol group Chemical group OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000772415 Neovison vison Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SASYSVUEVMOWPL-NXVVXOECSA-N decyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC SASYSVUEVMOWPL-NXVVXOECSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGEZTMRIZWCDLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14-methylpentadecyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C LGEZTMRIZWCDLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDIFHQMREAYYJW-FMIVXFBMSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (e)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO HDIFHQMREAYYJW-FMIVXFBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLPJVCMIKUWSDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-formylphenoxy)acetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 FLPJVCMIKUWSDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIBJRXMHVZPLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)C OJIBJRXMHVZPLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMEMLELAMQEAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(tert-butyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one Chemical compound N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1C=C(C(C)(C)C)S2 AMEMLELAMQEAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003911 Arachis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMBYOWLFQAFZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC CMBYOWLFQAFZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLINHMUFWFWBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O SLINHMUFWFWBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940074979 cetyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011928 denatured alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQQMUBLXDAFBRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O QQQMUBLXDAFBRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008524 evening primrose extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010475 evening primrose oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940089020 evening primrose oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000245 forearm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000370 gamma-poly(glutamate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid hexadecyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100463 hexyl laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940078545 isocetyl stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940093629 isopropyl isostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940033357 isopropyl laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940074928 isopropyl myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940075495 isopropyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940089456 isopropyl stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940119170 jojoba wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099367 lanolin alcohols Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940078812 myristyl myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXGBCSQEKCRCHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)O OXGBCSQEKCRCHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEIOPEQGDSYOIH-MURFETPASA-N propan-2-yl (9z,12z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C XEIOPEQGDSYOIH-MURFETPASA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEOZOXKVMDBOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C NEOZOXKVMDBOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPWFUIUNWDIYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C ZPWFUIUNWDIYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethanolammonium Chemical compound OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
- C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
- C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
- C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0095—Solid transparent soaps or detergents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
- C11D3/2044—Dihydric alcohols linear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/30—Amines; Substituted amines ; Quaternized amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
- C11D9/26—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
- C11D9/30—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/48—Superfatting agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/126—Acylisethionates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
- C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
Definitions
- This invention relates to soap bars, especially for personal washing, and to their production.
- One known procedure for the production of soap bars is to form an isotropic melt containing the soap and various organic solvents and cast the resulting melt directly into bars. This process has the advantage that in only a single step is goes from a shapeless melt of constituents to cast bars having the desired shape.
- the cast bars do of course contain solvent as well as soap and may be transparent or translucent.
- a soap composition which, aside from any non-detergent particulates, comprises: 25-60% of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric detergent active including soap of saturated C16 to C22 fatty acids in an amount which is 8-32%; 10-50% of one or more alcohols, including one or more solvent alcohols selected from ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propane diol, 1,3-propane diol, ethanolamines and propanolamines, the amount of solvent alcohol being 5-30%; not more than 30% water; and 1-20% of an oily skin-benefit agent, the above percentages being based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-detergent particulates.
- the present invention also provides a process for the manufacture of soap bars comprising forming an isotropic melt of composition as set forth above and casting the molten composition into solid bars.
- soap of the saturated C16 to C22 fatty acids One essential constituent is soap of the saturated C16 to C22 fatty acids.
- fatty acid signifies monocarboxylic acids. Generally, more than half of this probably substantially all of it will be soap of the saturated C16 and C18 fatty acids, which are palmitic and stearic acid respectively. Soaps of these C16 to C22 saturated fatty acids are frequently referred to as insoluble soaps because of their poor solubility in water. These provide structural strength in the eventual soap bars. Mixtures of these chain lengths are preferred.
- the remainder of the anionic detergent active may consist of soap of other fatty acids which are more soluble and so provide a lather when brought into contact with water. In this event it is preferred that there is from 4% up to 30%, or the balance of the detergent active, if this is less than 30%, of soap of C10 to C14 fatty acids and/or unsaturated C16 to C22 fatty acids. Soap of these acids is generally referred to as soluble soap.
- Significant chain lengths, which may contribute at least a majority of the soluble soap and at least 4% of the composition, are C12, C14 and unsaturated C16 and C18.
- the saturated C16 to C22 soaps contribute structural strength and hardness whereas the other detergents, i.e. shorter chain soaps, unsaturated soaps and/or non-soap detergent, contribute to lather generation, it is preferred that both are present and that the saturated C16 to C22 soap and the other detergent are in a weight ratio from 3:1 to 1:3, better 2:1 to 1:2 and yet more preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.5.
- the detergent active may also include some non-soap detergent which provides a lather in contact with water.
- This may be anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric.
- this may be one of the non-soap detergents known for use in combination with soap in personal washing bars.
- fatty acyl isethionates include fatty acyl isethionates, acyl taurides, alkyl sarcosinates, mono and dialkyl sulphosuccinates, alkane sulphonates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, alkyl sulphates and alpha-olefin sulphonates, having in each case an alkyl or acyl chain comprising 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- nonionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric detergent is used in conjunction with anionic non-soap detergent.
- nonionic detergents are alkyl ethoxylates, alkyl polyglutamates, alkyl ethanolamides and amine oxides.
- zwitterionics are betaines and amidobetaines. Such materials could act as at least a partial replacement for soluble soap. Accordingly the quantity of detergent active selected from the group consisting of C12 to C14 fatty acids, C16 to C22 unsaturated fatty acids and non-soap detergent active will generally lie within a range from 4 to 30% (but not exceeding the balance of the detergent active).
- Anionic non-soap detergent may be present jointly with soluble soap.
- the amount of non-soap detergent, if present at all, may lie in a range from 1 to 30% based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-soap particulates.
- Some non-soap detergent actives will solidify to opaque particles on cooling from the molten state. This may be acceptable, but preferably such a detergent has a Krafft point which is not substantially above 40°C.
- both the insoluble soap of saturated C16 to C18 fatty acids and any other soap present may possibly be all or substantially all sodium soap, so that at least 90wt% of even 95 or 97wt% of the soap counter ions are sodium.
- some other counter ions such as potassium and trialkanolammonium may be present. If other counter ions are present they will generally constitute a minor proportion, up to 30 or 40wt% of the soap counter ions present.
- the soap may be derived from fats and oils conventionally used in soap making.
- the fats and oils and the amounts used must be chosen to provide the required quantities of C16 to C18 and other soap.
- a mixture of chain lengths meeting the requirements of this invention can be provided by a conventional soap such as conventional 80 : 20 tallow : coconut soap or by a blend of conventional soaps such as 80 : 20 soap augmented with additional soap made from coconut oil as the only triglyceride source.
- Any other alcohol present is preferably a polyhydric alcohol.
- the alcohol must at least include solvent alcohol chosen from a small group of short chain monohydric alcohols, short chain diols and alkanolamines with short carbon chains. These materials are good solvents for insoluble soap.
- Preferred within this group are ethanol, isopropanol, 1,2-propane diol, triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine.
- glycerol a sugar such as sucrose or glucose and yet a further possibility is a sugar derivative such as sorbitol.
- polyethylene glycol of fairly low molecular weight, such as about 400.
- polyhydric alcohol(s) is believed to help mitigate shrinkage of the bar as it is cast from a melt.
- the skin benefit agent is a compound or mixture of compounds which is an oil at room temperature. Generally it will contain at least one C8 to C22 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain. More particularly the oily skin benefit agent may be hydrocarbon oil such as petrolatum, mineral oil or nujol; alternatively it may be an ester of a C8 to C22 fatty acid and/or a C8 to C22 fatty alcohol. Such an ester could be a triglyceride.
- the skin benefit oil may in particular be a known emollient and specific possibilities include: natural oils such as jojoba oil, coconut oil, mink oil, sesame oil, arachis oil, sunflower seed oil, evening primrose oil and castor oil; hydrocarbons such as nujol, mineral oil and petrolatum; lanolin and lanolin alcohols; C12 - C24 alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, octadecan-2-ol; esters of C8 - C22 acids and C21 - C24 alcohols (including di-acids, diols, tri-acids and triols, not necessarily with all acid-hydroxy groups esterified) such as glyceryl monoricinoleate, glyceryl monostearate, mink oil, isopropyl isostearate, isobutyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, isopropyl laurate, hexyl laurate, decyl ole
- the amounts of the constituents of a soap bar in accordance with this invention are related to each other.
- the amount and nature of the solvents needs to be such as to enable dissolution of the soaps while at the same time being sufficiently restricted that the setting temperature is reasonably high such as at least 50°C.
- the amounts of the constituent materials may fall within one of the following three sets of ranges which represent preferred possibilities with different levels of saturated C16 - C18 soap.
- the weight percentage range for total detergent imposes an additional limitation on the amounts of saturated C16 - C18 soap and other detergent. For instance in the middle set of ranges, if there was 12% of saturated C16 - C18 soap, at least 18% of other detergent would be needed to achieve the minimum of 30% total detergent.
- Soap bars in accordance with this invention may contain various other materials, especially if the amount of them is restricted so as not to exceed 10% or even 5%.
- a soap composition can contain small amounts of conventional additives, e.g. electrolytes, perfume, preservatives, dyes and pearlescent agents.
- Bars according to this invention may include some free fatty acid. However, this provides little advantage and may not be adequately soluble. It is therefore preferred that the amount of free fatty acid in a bar is less than 10%.
- a soap composition in accordance with this invention may well be transparent or at least translucent. However, if this property is not required then the soap composition may contain a particulate filler which is insoluble both in water and in the said alcohols. It is possible to add modest proportions of such a filler without it having any serious effect on the behaviour of the remainder of the composition to form a melt with the filler dispersed therein and subsequently to set to solid bars still with the filler dispersed therein. Consequently, percentages of the composition given above are based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-soap solid particulates. Possible fillers include kaolin, silica and starch. The amount of any particulate filler which is included will generally not exceed 20% by weight of the total composition. Particle sizes desirably lie in the range 1.0 to 20 microns. As mentioned above, some non-soap detergents will alo render a bar opaque.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a method for making soap bars comprising forming a melt of the composition and casting the melt into solid bars, e.g. by casting the melt into moulds and allowing the melt to set.
- the composition is preferably heated to a temperature of between 70 and 90°C more preferably between 80 and 85°C, and maintained at such a raised temperature, below the boiling point of the solution, until all solids present have dissolved which is typically between 30 and 60 minutes e.g. 45 minutes.
- the cooling can take place at a rate determined by the ambient temperature. If desired, however, forced cooling can be employed.
- the ingredients are added in the form in which they will be present in the final product.
- a particular composition includes a trialkanolamine soap then the starting materials to be added are preferably the equivalent fatty acids and their stoichiometric equivalent of trialkanolamine, which will preferably be present as a proportion of the total trialkanolamine required by the composition having regard to the solvent system.
- Sodium soaps can either be added as ready made or can be made in situ from fatty acids and sodium hydroxide.
- any perfume and free fatty acids liable to thermal degradation may be added following any heating step and immediately prior to casting the melt into moulds.
- the composition can be removed from the moulds and subjected to any necessary finishing including, if necessary, cutting and/or pressing into a desired final shape, followed by packaging.
- the melt is cast into individual moulds which additionally serve as a means of packaging the resulting soap bar. Removal of the bar from the mould will then occur when the consumer opens the pack immediately prior to use.
- the mould can be filled fully with the melt and air-tightly sealed.
- the resulting bar can thus have an attractive shape and surface appearance determined by the shape and inner surface of the mould. Providing an air-tight seal additionally inhibits any tendency for any volatile components of the bar to escape during storage.
- Examples of items which can act both as a mould and also a package are rigid or semi-rigid plastic boxes such as those described in for example US 3149188 and FR 910256.
- the melt is cast into packs according to the invention disclosed in our published European patent application EP-A-321179.
- EP-A-321179 the use of a flexible film as the material from which the pack is made.
- the molten soap composition is cast directly into the pack which is then air-tightly sealed.
- the flexible film is preferably shaped or is thermoplastic so that the heat of the melt causes the film pack to adjust to a wrinkle-free fit around the composition, which can if desired be lightly moulded during the time it is setting.
- the film is preferably transparent so that the resulting product displays the soap bar.
- Bars were prepared with the following two formulations in which percentages are by weight of the final composition.
- the bars were prepared by the method stated above, in which the ingredients are heated at a temperature of 70 to 90°C until all are molten, adding perfume after the other ingredients have melted and then casting the melt in moulds.
- Hardened tallow soap contains almost entirely insoluble soap with a small percentage of soluble short chain soap.
- Industrial Methylated spirit is 90% ethanol, 10% methanol.
- Example 1A comparative
- Example 1B comparative
- Example 1C 64%
- the fatty acids were neutralised by the triethanolamine so as to form triethanolammonium soap.
- the amount of saturated C16 - C18 soap in the bars was approximately 20% by weight.
- the amount of free triethanolamine in the formulation would thus be reduced by about 3 to 5% from the quantity originally incorporated.
- the skin was scored by an assessor who judged both dryness and erythema (the latter as in Example 1) and assessed by the panellist against a standard scale for overall skin condition. The cumulative results were
- Example 2B were also assessed by panellists in a sensory evaluation comparing them with conventional 80/20 tallow/coconut toilet soap and with the melt cast bars of Example 5A below which did not contain oil but did contain cocoisethionate, which is regarded as a mild detergent.
- Bars were prepared with the following two formulations, using the same general method as before.
- the amount of saturated C16 - C18 soap in these bars was approximately 20%.
- the amount of free triethanolamine in the formulation would thus be reduced by about 3 to 5% from the quantity originally incorporated.
- the bars were used to wash the skin of volunteers, and the effect on moisture content was determined by a test instrument as in Example 1.
- the bars were also tested by a procedure in which samples are left partially submerged in water under standardised conditions, the soft material is then scraped off the sample surface, and the percentage weight loss determined.
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Description
- This invention relates to soap bars, especially for personal washing, and to their production.
- A number of documents record that it would be desirable to incorporate oils giving a skin benefit, e.g. so-called bath oils or emmolient oils, into soap bars. There have been a number of proposals for doing this. However US 3941712 explains that the simple incorporation of such oils into milled soap is not possible because it leads to excessively soft bars with an oily feel.
- One known procedure for the production of soap bars is to form an isotropic melt containing the soap and various organic solvents and cast the resulting melt directly into bars. This process has the advantage that in only a single step is goes from a shapeless melt of constituents to cast bars having the desired shape. The cast bars do of course contain solvent as well as soap and may be transparent or translucent.
- Surprisingly, we have now found that by observing certain constraints on formulation it is possible to incorporate a skin-benefit oil into bars made by this so-called melt-cast route. It is surprising, that the presence of the skin-benefit oil does not prevent the formation of an isotropic solution of the soap in the solvent.
- According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a soap composition which, aside from any non-detergent particulates, comprises:
25-60% of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric detergent active including soap of saturated C₁₆ to C₂₂ fatty acids in an amount which is 8-32%;
10-50% of one or more alcohols, including one or more solvent alcohols selected from ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propane diol, 1,3-propane diol, ethanolamines and propanolamines, the amount of solvent alcohol being 5-30%;
not more than 30% water; and
1-20% of an oily skin-benefit agent,
the above percentages being based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-detergent particulates. - The present invention also provides a process for the manufacture of soap bars comprising forming an isotropic melt of composition as set forth above and casting the molten composition into solid bars.
- The various constituents of the soap composition will now be discussed in turn.
- One essential constituent is soap of the saturated C₁₆ to C₂₂ fatty acids. The term "fatty acid" signifies monocarboxylic acids. Generally, more than half of this probably substantially all of it will be soap of the saturated C₁₆ and C₁₈ fatty acids, which are palmitic and stearic acid respectively. Soaps of these C₁₆ to C₂₂ saturated fatty acids are frequently referred to as insoluble soaps because of their poor solubility in water. These provide structural strength in the eventual soap bars. Mixtures of these chain lengths are preferred.
- The remainder of the anionic detergent active may consist of soap of other fatty acids which are more soluble and so provide a lather when brought into contact with water. In this event it is preferred that there is from 4% up to 30%, or the balance of the detergent active, if this is less than 30%, of soap of C₁₀ to C₁₄ fatty acids and/or unsaturated C₁₆ to C₂₂ fatty acids. Soap of these acids is generally referred to as soluble soap. Significant chain lengths, which may contribute at least a majority of the soluble soap and at least 4% of the composition, are C₁₂, C₁₄ and unsaturated C₁₆ and C₁₈.
- Since the saturated C₁₆ to C₂₂ soaps contribute structural strength and hardness whereas the other detergents, i.e. shorter chain soaps, unsaturated soaps and/or non-soap detergent, contribute to lather generation, it is preferred that both are present and that the saturated C₁₆ to C₂₂ soap and the other detergent are in a weight ratio from 3:1 to 1:3, better 2:1 to 1:2 and yet more preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.5.
- The detergent active may also include some non-soap detergent which provides a lather in contact with water. This may be anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric. In particular this may be one of the non-soap detergents known for use in combination with soap in personal washing bars. These include fatty acyl isethionates, acyl taurides, alkyl sarcosinates, mono and dialkyl sulphosuccinates, alkane sulphonates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, alkyl sulphates and alpha-olefin sulphonates, having in each case an alkyl or acyl chain comprising 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- If present, it is preferred that nonionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric detergent is used in conjunction with anionic non-soap detergent. Examples of nonionic detergents are alkyl ethoxylates, alkyl polyglutamates, alkyl ethanolamides and amine oxides. Examples of zwitterionics are betaines and amidobetaines. Such materials could act as at least a partial replacement for soluble soap. Accordingly the quantity of detergent active selected from the group consisting of C₁₂ to C₁₄ fatty acids, C₁₆ to C₂₂ unsaturated fatty acids and non-soap detergent active will generally lie within a range from 4 to 30% (but not exceeding the balance of the detergent active).
- Anionic non-soap detergent may be present jointly with soluble soap. The amount of non-soap detergent, if present at all, may lie in a range from 1 to 30% based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-soap particulates.
- Some non-soap detergent actives will solidify to opaque particles on cooling from the molten state. This may be acceptable, but preferably such a detergent has a Krafft point which is not substantially above 40°C.
- The soap which is present, both the insoluble soap of saturated C₁₆ to C₁₈ fatty acids and any other soap present may possibly be all or substantially all sodium soap, so that at least 90wt% of even 95 or 97wt% of the soap counter ions are sodium. Alternatively, however, some other counter ions such as potassium and trialkanolammonium may be present. If other counter ions are present they will generally constitute a minor proportion, up to 30 or 40wt% of the soap counter ions present.
- The soap may be derived from fats and oils conventionally used in soap making. The fats and oils and the amounts used must be chosen to provide the required quantities of C₁₆ to C₁₈ and other soap. A mixture of chain lengths meeting the requirements of this invention can be provided by a conventional soap such as conventional 80 : 20 tallow : coconut soap or by a blend of conventional soaps such as 80 : 20 soap augmented with additional soap made from coconut oil as the only triglyceride source.
- Any other alcohol present is preferably a polyhydric alcohol. As already mentioned, the alcohol must at least include solvent alcohol chosen from a small group of short chain monohydric alcohols, short chain diols and alkanolamines with short carbon chains. These materials are good solvents for insoluble soap.
- Preferred within this group are ethanol, isopropanol, 1,2-propane diol, triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine.
- Various polyhydric alcohols are available and can be used. One possibility is glycerol. A further possibility is a sugar such as sucrose or glucose and yet a further possibility is a sugar derivative such as sorbitol.
- Another possibility is polyethylene glycol of fairly low molecular weight, such as about 400. The presence of polyhydric alcohol(s) is believed to help mitigate shrinkage of the bar as it is cast from a melt.
- The skin benefit agent is a compound or mixture of compounds which is an oil at room temperature. Generally it will contain at least one C₈ to C₂₂ saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain. More particularly the oily skin benefit agent may be hydrocarbon oil such as petrolatum, mineral oil or nujol; alternatively it may be an ester of a C₈ to C₂₂ fatty acid and/or a C₈ to C₂₂ fatty alcohol. Such an ester could be a triglyceride.
- The skin benefit oil may in particular be a known emollient and specific possibilities include:
natural oils such as jojoba oil, coconut oil, mink oil, sesame oil, arachis oil, sunflower seed oil, evening primrose oil and castor oil;
hydrocarbons such as nujol, mineral oil and petrolatum;
lanolin and lanolin alcohols;
C₁₂ - C₂₄ alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, octadecan-2-ol;
esters of C₈ - C₂₂ acids and C₂₁ - C₂₄ alcohols (including di-acids, diols, tri-acids and triols, not necessarily with all acid-hydroxy groups esterified) such as glyceryl monoricinoleate, glyceryl monostearate, mink oil, isopropyl isostearate, isobutyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, isopropyl laurate, hexyl laurate, decyl oleate, cetyl palmitate, di-n-butyl sebacate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, butyl stearate, isopropyl linoleate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, decyl oleate, and myristyl myristate. - The amounts of the constituents of a soap bar in accordance with this invention are related to each other. The amount and nature of the solvents needs to be such as to enable dissolution of the soaps while at the same time being sufficiently restricted that the setting temperature is reasonably high such as at least 50°C.
- Increasing the proportion of the saturated C₁₆ - C₁₈ soaps increases hardness and reduces the speed at which the bar will dissolve in water during use, hence improving the rate of wear, but also making more demands on the ability of the organic solvents in the composition to dissolve the soap during manufacture. Consequently, when high levels of saturated C₁₆ - C₁₈ soaps are present it will be desirable to make use of the most effective solvents, notably triethanolamine and ethanol.
-
- In each of these sets of ranges, the weight percentage range for total detergent imposes an additional limitation on the amounts of saturated C₁₆ - C₁₈ soap and other detergent. For instance in the middle set of ranges, if there was 12% of saturated C₁₆ - C₁₈ soap, at least 18% of other detergent would be needed to achieve the minimum of 30% total detergent.
- Soap bars in accordance with this invention may contain various other materials, especially if the amount of them is restricted so as not to exceed 10% or even 5%. In particular a soap composition can contain small amounts of conventional additives, e.g. electrolytes, perfume, preservatives, dyes and pearlescent agents.
- Bars according to this invention may include some free fatty acid. However, this provides little advantage and may not be adequately soluble. It is therefore preferred that the amount of free fatty acid in a bar is less than 10%.
- A soap composition in accordance with this invention may well be transparent or at least translucent. However, if this property is not required then the soap composition may contain a particulate filler which is insoluble both in water and in the said alcohols. It is possible to add modest proportions of such a filler without it having any serious effect on the behaviour of the remainder of the composition to form a melt with the filler dispersed therein and subsequently to set to solid bars still with the filler dispersed therein. Consequently, percentages of the composition given above are based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-soap solid particulates. Possible fillers include kaolin, silica and starch. The amount of any particulate filler which is included will generally not exceed 20% by weight of the total composition. Particle sizes desirably lie in the range 1.0 to 20 microns. As mentioned above, some non-soap detergents will alo render a bar opaque.
- As also briefly mentioned above, a second aspect of the present invention is a method for making soap bars comprising forming a melt of the composition and casting the melt into solid bars, e.g. by casting the melt into moulds and allowing the melt to set.
- In order to achieve an isotropic homogeneous and transparent melt the composition is preferably heated to a temperature of between 70 and 90°C more preferably between 80 and 85°C, and maintained at such a raised temperature, below the boiling point of the solution, until all solids present have dissolved which is typically between 30 and 60 minutes e.g. 45 minutes. Suitably the cooling can take place at a rate determined by the ambient temperature. If desired, however, forced cooling can be employed.
- Suitably the ingredients are added in the form in which they will be present in the final product. If however a particular composition includes a trialkanolamine soap then the starting materials to be added are preferably the equivalent fatty acids and their stoichiometric equivalent of trialkanolamine, which will preferably be present as a proportion of the total trialkanolamine required by the composition having regard to the solvent system. Sodium soaps can either be added as ready made or can be made in situ from fatty acids and sodium hydroxide.
- Suitably any perfume and free fatty acids liable to thermal degradation may be added following any heating step and immediately prior to casting the melt into moulds.
- Once at least partially set the composition can be removed from the moulds and subjected to any necessary finishing including, if necessary, cutting and/or pressing into a desired final shape, followed by packaging.
- Preferably, however, the melt is cast into individual moulds which additionally serve as a means of packaging the resulting soap bar. Removal of the bar from the mould will then occur when the consumer opens the pack immediately prior to use. Such an arrangement has the advantage that no mould removal or separate packaging step is necessarily required during manufacture. Suitably the mould can be filled fully with the melt and air-tightly sealed. The resulting bar can thus have an attractive shape and surface appearance determined by the shape and inner surface of the mould. Providing an air-tight seal additionally inhibits any tendency for any volatile components of the bar to escape during storage.
- Examples of items which can act both as a mould and also a package are rigid or semi-rigid plastic boxes such as those described in for example US 3149188 and FR 910256. Alternatively and preferably the melt is cast into packs according to the invention disclosed in our published European patent application EP-A-321179. In this application is disclosed the use of a flexible film as the material from which the pack is made. The molten soap composition is cast directly into the pack which is then air-tightly sealed. The flexible film is preferably shaped or is thermoplastic so that the heat of the melt causes the film pack to adjust to a wrinkle-free fit around the composition, which can if desired be lightly moulded during the time it is setting. The film is preferably transparent so that the resulting product displays the soap bar.
- Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of the following Examples:
- Bars were prepared with the following two formulations in which percentages are by weight of the final composition. The bars were prepared by the method stated above, in which the ingredients are heated at a temperature of 70 to 90°C until all are molten, adding perfume after the other ingredients have melted and then casting the melt in moulds.
- Hardened tallow soap contains almost entirely insoluble soap with a small percentage of soluble short chain soap. Industrial Methylated spirit is 90% ethanol, 10% methanol.
- All formulations gave an isotropic transparent melt but opaque bars.
- The mildness of the bars of Examples 1A and 1B towards human skin was assessed by a Flex-Wash carried out with a panel of volunteers. Such a test is described in J. Society of Cosmetic Chemists 40 P297-306 Sept/Oct '89. D D Strube, S W Koontz, R I Murahata, R F Thieler. In outline, including differences to the described test, this involved washing the inside of the elbow (Flex Area) for 2 minutes, 3 times per day (for 1 week). Each "Flex Area" was examined for erythema 4 times per day, and scored from 0 (none) to 3 (very severe). If a score reached two, then the panellist stopped washing that Flex area. The scores relate to average cumulative erythema over 5 days. (Discontinued sites were allocated scores of 2 for each subsequent assessment time, after discontinuation, up to the end of the trial period).
- Cumulative erythema scores were
Example 1B 20 Example 1A (comparative) 27 - This difference exceeded the value (of 5) which was the figure required for statistical significance at 95% level of confidence.
- Bars were also used to wash the skin of volunteers, after which the effect on moisture content was determined by a test instrument. This used a probe with two concentric metal discs, 1.5 mm apart, which is placed on the skin at the test area. The instrument measures the conductance at an applied voltage at high frequency (3.5 MHz). Higher values indicate more moisture on the skin. Measurements are taken before washing and (20 mins) after, and performance is calculated on the basis of % difference between the readings. Normally washing with soap will lead to a significant reduction in conductance once the skin has equilibrated (e.g. 20 minutes after washing).
- The results, i.e. percent reductions in conductance were,
Example 1A (comparative) 59% Example 1B 72% Example 1C 64% -
- The fatty acids were neutralised by the triethanolamine so as to form triethanolammonium soap. The amount of saturated C₁₆ - C₁₈ soap in the bars was approximately 20% by weight. The amount of free triethanolamine in the formulation would thus be reduced by about 3 to 5% from the quantity originally incorporated.
- Bars with both formulations were translucent.
- The mildness of the bars was assessed in a similar way to Example 1, but using the panellist's forearm rather than the Flex Area.
-
- The bars of Example 2B were also assessed by panellists in a sensory evaluation comparing them with conventional 80/20 tallow/coconut toilet soap and with the melt cast bars of Example 5A below which did not contain oil but did contain cocoisethionate, which is regarded as a mild detergent.
-
- Hence the oil containing bar felt non-greasy in use, but reduced the negative feelings of harshness after use.
-
- The amount of saturated C₁₆ - C₁₈ soap in these bars was approximately 20%. The amount of free triethanolamine in the formulation would thus be reduced by about 3 to 5% from the quantity originally incorporated.
- The bars were used to wash the skin of volunteers, and the effect on moisture content was determined by a test instrument as in Example 1.
- Percent reductions in conductance were
Example 3A (comparative) 66 Example 3B 85 - These bars, and bars of 80/20 tallow/coconut soap were tested for bar properties by the following procedure;
The test bars are weighed, then washed down 8 times per day for 4 days. This involves a panellist twisting the bar with (plastic) gloved hands 18 times, dipping in water at 30°C before and after twisting. The bars are stored on drained soap trays between washes. They are left overnight before assessment. The softness of the underside of the bar referred to as 'mush' is assessed on a scale ranging from no softness, scored as 0, to completely softened scored as 10. The bars are left for two days, and then weighed, from which the percentage weight loss is determined (referred to as "% rate of wear"). - The bars were also tested by a procedure in which samples are left partially submerged in water under standardised conditions, the soft material is then scraped off the sample surface, and the percentage weight loss determined.
-
- These results show that the bars made by the melt/cast route form more mush, but the inclusion of isopropyl palmitate makes very little difference to these in-use properties tested.
- Bars were prepared, by the same general method, with the formulations stated below.
- All the compositions gave isotropic transparent melts and the bars were translucent.
-
- Bars were prepared, by the same general method, with the formulations stated below.
- All the compositions gave isotropic transparent melts; the bars were opaque.
-
Claims (10)
- A soap composition which comprises:
25-60% of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric detergent active including soap of saturated C₁₆ to C₂₂ monocarboxylic acids in an amount which is 8-32%;
10-50% of one or more alcohols, including one or more solvent alcohols selected from ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propane diol, 1,3-propane diol, ethanolamines and propanolamines, the amount of solvent alcohol being 5-30%;
not more than 30% water; and
1-20% of an oily skin-benefit agent,
the above percentages being based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-detergent particulates. - A composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising soap of C₁₀ to C₁₄ monocarboxylic acids and/or unsaturated C₁₆ to C₂₂ monocarboxylic acids, in an amount from 4% to 30% based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-detergent particulates.
- A composition as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 comprising non-soap detergent in an amount from 1% to 30% based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-detergent particulates.
- A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the said solvent alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, isopropanol, 1,2-propane diol, triethanolamine and trisopropanolamine.
- A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the said oily skin benefit agent is a hydrocarbon, a triglyceride or other ester of a C₈ to C₂₂ monocarboxylic acid and/or a C₈ to C₂₂ monohydric alcohol.
- A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the composition comprises:(i) 8 - 12% of soap of saturated C₁₆ to C₁₈ monocarboxylic acids;(ii) 5 - 20% of other anionic detergent;(iii) 5 - 15% of ethanol or isopropanol;(iv) 15 - 30% of polyhydric alcohol;(v) 20 - 30% of water;the total of (i) and (ii) being from 17 - 32% and the above percentages being based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-detergent particulates.
- A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the composition comprises:(i) 12 - 25% of soap of saturated C₁₆ to C₁₈ monocarboxylic acids;(ii) 10 - 30% of other anionic detergent;(iii) 7 - 20% of ethanol or isopropanol;(iv) 10 - 30% of polyhydric alcohol;(v) 10 - 20% of water;the total of (i) and (ii) being from 30 - 50% and the above percentages being based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-detergent particulates.
- A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the composition comprises:(i) 20 - 32% of soap of saturated C₁₆ to C₁₈ monocarboxylic acids;(ii) 20 - 30% of other anionic detergent;(iii) 5 - 15% of ethanol or isopropanol;(iv) 6 - 15% of triethanolamine;(v) 5 - 20% of polyhydric alcohol;(vi) 2 - 15% of water;the total of (i) and (ii) being from 45 - 60% and the above percentages being based on the weight of the composition excluding any dispersed non-detergent particulates.
- A cast bar of an composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
- A process for the manufacture of soap bars comprising forming an isotropic melt of a composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and casting the molten composition into solid bars.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB919106959A GB9106959D0 (en) | 1991-04-03 | 1991-04-03 | Detergent composition |
GB9106959 | 1991-04-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0507559A2 EP0507559A2 (en) | 1992-10-07 |
EP0507559A3 EP0507559A3 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
EP0507559B1 true EP0507559B1 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
Family
ID=10692564
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19920302847 Expired - Lifetime EP0507559B1 (en) | 1991-04-03 | 1992-03-31 | Detergent composition |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0507559B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2574592B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69203507T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2075616T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9106959D0 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005097964A1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-20 | Derichem (M) Sdn Bhd | Improved saturated soap |
US8080503B2 (en) | 2005-06-18 | 2011-12-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleansing bar compositions comprising a high level of water |
US8129327B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2012-03-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Packaging for high moisture bar soap |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2694569B1 (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-10-07 | Icc France | Solid and transparent hygiene article, in particular in the form of dermatological bread, and its preparation process. |
US5387362A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1995-02-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal cleansing bar with tailored base soaps with mixed counterions for improved mildness and processability without lather negatives |
MA23637A1 (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1996-04-01 | Procter & Gamble | MONOALCOHOL FREE PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A TRANSPARENT BODY CLEANING BREAD |
WO1996004360A1 (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1996-02-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Transparent personal cleansing bar |
US5703025A (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1997-12-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Monohydric alcohol-free process for making a transparent pour molded personal cleansing bar |
WO1997022684A1 (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-06-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Pour molded personal cleansing bar |
DE69704021T2 (en) * | 1996-04-24 | 2001-06-21 | Unilever N.V., Rotterdam | SYNTHETIC COMPOSITION IN PIECE CONTAINING ALKOXYLATED SURFACES |
JPH10512921A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1998-12-08 | ザ、プロクター、エンド、ギャンブル、カンパニー | Laundry solid compositions comprising dihydric alcohols for improving physical properties |
GB9709500D0 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1997-07-02 | Unilever Plc | Casting of soft solid shaped articles |
US6310015B1 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2001-10-30 | The Dial Corporation | Transparent/translucent moisturizing/cosmetic/personal cleansing bar |
WO2001011001A1 (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2001-02-15 | The Dial Corporation | Transparent/translucent moisturizing/cosmetic/personal cleansing bar |
US6689728B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2004-02-10 | The Dial Company | Composite transparent bar soap containing visible soap insert(s) |
US6440913B1 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2002-08-27 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Soap bar comprising about 6% and greater triglycerides which structure well and have desirable user properties |
WO2013144603A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Reckitt & Colman (Overseas) Limited | Bar soaps |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2868731A (en) * | 1954-10-14 | 1959-01-13 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Process of making nonsoap detergent bars and product |
IT649802A (en) * | 1960-05-20 | |||
US3814698A (en) * | 1972-01-10 | 1974-06-04 | P Ferrara | Soap composition and process of producing such |
JPS5165105A (en) * | 1974-12-04 | 1976-06-05 | Jee Fuerara Piitaa | Setsukensoseibutsu oyobi sonoseiho |
ZA771556B (en) * | 1976-04-22 | 1978-10-25 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Transparent detergent pellets |
JPS5853999A (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1983-03-30 | 株式会社コンゴ | Toilet soap |
GB8807754D0 (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1988-05-05 | Unilever Plc | Transparent soap bars |
ZA882340B (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-12-27 | Unilever Plc | Transparent soap bar |
GB8816201D0 (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1988-08-10 | Unilever Plc | Detergent bar |
GB8928902D0 (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1990-02-28 | Unilever Plc | Detergent bar |
-
1991
- 1991-04-03 GB GB919106959A patent/GB9106959D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-03-31 EP EP19920302847 patent/EP0507559B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-31 DE DE1992603507 patent/DE69203507T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-03-31 ES ES92302847T patent/ES2075616T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-04-03 JP JP4082435A patent/JP2574592B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005097964A1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-20 | Derichem (M) Sdn Bhd | Improved saturated soap |
US8080503B2 (en) | 2005-06-18 | 2011-12-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleansing bar compositions comprising a high level of water |
US8129327B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2012-03-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Packaging for high moisture bar soap |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0507559A3 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
ES2075616T3 (en) | 1995-10-01 |
DE69203507D1 (en) | 1995-08-24 |
GB9106959D0 (en) | 1991-05-22 |
JP2574592B2 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
DE69203507T2 (en) | 1995-12-21 |
EP0507559A2 (en) | 1992-10-07 |
JPH0598299A (en) | 1993-04-20 |
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