EP0506608B1 - Apparatus for manufacturing castings by directional solidification - Google Patents

Apparatus for manufacturing castings by directional solidification Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0506608B1
EP0506608B1 EP92810154A EP92810154A EP0506608B1 EP 0506608 B1 EP0506608 B1 EP 0506608B1 EP 92810154 A EP92810154 A EP 92810154A EP 92810154 A EP92810154 A EP 92810154A EP 0506608 B1 EP0506608 B1 EP 0506608B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
members
cooling attachment
attachment
cooling plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92810154A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0506608A1 (en
Inventor
Fritz Staub
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer Markets and Technology AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer Innotec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer Innotec AG filed Critical Sulzer Innotec AG
Publication of EP0506608A1 publication Critical patent/EP0506608A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0506608B1 publication Critical patent/EP0506608B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/045Directionally solidified castings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing directionally solidified castings according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such castings with such a device.
  • the molded shell has a lower opening, which is closed in the casting chamber by a flat cooling plate.
  • the solidification of the melt begins at this opening during casting.
  • the cooling plate as a heat sink and the integrated heat sources form the poles of a temperature field, which enables a "unidirectional" heat flow and thus a directional solidification.
  • the cooling plate forms a horizontal plane, with respect to which the dendrites formed during solidification have an essentially perpendicular direction of growth.
  • a cooling attachment which is placed on the horizontal cooling plate, it is achieved that the dendrite growth takes place with different orientations in some areas.
  • segment-shaped castings can be produced which can be assembled into wheel-like components with radially oriented dentrites; or contiguous wheel-like components can be cast, at which are formed by directional solidification dendrites that are at least approximately radially aligned.
  • FIGS. 8a to 10c show different variants of cooling attachments, which are used to produce segment-like components as in the third Serve embodiment and each composed of a component from at least two bodies.
  • the component 10 in FIG. 1 consists of the radial airfoils 11, the outer ring 12 and the inner ring 13.
  • a toroidal cavity 3 is integrated in the molded shell 2 and surrounds the actual molded shell of the component 10 in a ring-like manner. (The cavity 3 can also be subdivided into sectors which form separate chambers. In this way, stresses which can occur during solidification can be prevented.)
  • the melt passes through a pouring funnel 5 (not shown in FIG. 1) (see FIG. 3) several channels 4 into the torus 3 and from there through openings 31, which are arranged distributed over the periphery of the outer ring 12, into the central region of the molded shell 2.
  • the torus 3 forms the main part of the heat source integrated into the molded shell. Thermal insulation, with which the outer surface of the molded shell 2 must be encased, is not shown.
  • the mold shell 2 has openings 15 on the inside, which are delimited from one another by webs 21 of the mold shell 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the openings 15 are closed by sector-shaped bodies 60. These bodies 60, which are arranged in a ring around a central part 6b, consist of a good heat-conducting material, for example copper; they serve to dissipate heat when the melt solidifies. As can be seen from the cross-sectional drawing in FIG. 3, the bodies 60 are placed on the cooling plate 6 (connecting line 6a) and supported against the central part 6b by means of compression springs 61. Radially narrow gaps are provided between the bodies 60 of the cooling attachment, which gaps ensure that the geometry change associated with a volume reduction when the casting solidifies is not impeded by the cooling attachment being designed to be flexible in the radial direction.
  • a radial temperature field arises between the heat sink, which is formed by the body 60, and the heat source, which is formed by the overheated melt in the toroidal cavity 3.
  • the heat sink which is formed by the body 60
  • the heat source which is formed by the overheated melt in the toroidal cavity 3.
  • the casting 1 is advantageously given a shape in which the inner ring 13 is slightly conical: the angle 102 between the horizontal 100 and the falling lines 101 which the body 60 faces the interface at the openings 15 should be slightly smaller than a right angle.
  • the falling line 101 can also deviate strongly from the vertical (see FIG. 4, where the position of the casting is indicated by dash-dotted lines and the reference numeral 1 ').
  • the bodies 60 arranged in an annular manner are in turn supported against an annular edge 6 c by means of compression springs 61.
  • the two variants shown correspond to the two variants of the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the directional solidification takes place radially from the outside inwards.
  • the third exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is a casting 1 with a segment-like component 10, which together with five further components 10 can be assembled to form a wheel-like component.
  • the molded shell (not shown) in turn comprises cavities for the integrated heat sources 3 with the associated connecting lines 4 and 31 and a cavity for a starter base 14, in which forms the directional solidification.
  • the body 60 of the cooling attachment has two flat areas as an interface to the casting 1, which enclose an angle of 30 °.
  • two areas form during solidification in the casting, the dendrite orientation of which is oriented differently, namely by an angle which is also at least approximately 30 °.
  • the radial alignment of the dendrites can only be achieved approximately.
  • the bodies 60 of the cooling attachment are advantageously mounted on an intermediate plate 65, the connection being established, for example, by means of screws 70 in such a way that a freedom of movement 71 remains free for the screw head.
  • This connection then allows a limited sliding movement of the body 60 around a zero position of, for example, at least one millimeter. If several castings are combined to form a grape, the cooling attachment can react flexibly to small changes in the geometry of the grape, which occur when the ceramic is heated up and when the melt solidifies, thanks to the mobility of its bodies.
  • the cooling plate 6 shown in FIG. 7 has a cooling attachment with the bodies 60 for a grape with six components 10 (according to FIG. 6).
  • the shaped bowl of the grape is advantageously provided with an annular rim at its base, which has grooves for a bayonet catch.
  • the intermediate plate 65 must be rotatably mounted on the cooling plate 6. This is in the center of the cooling plate 6 a pin 80 is provided which engages in a corresponding bore in the intermediate plate 65.
  • the cooling attachment is composed of a plurality of bodies 60 which can be moved relative to one another.
  • the coherent body 60 of the third exemplary embodiment it is better to use a cooling attachment with two, three or four bodies 60, as shown in FIGS. 8a to 8c (the arrows indicate the displaceability of the bodies 60).
  • the surfaces of the bodies 60 can be curved, as shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b.
  • the casting mold must be designed in such a way that - for example with base pieces 14 '(see FIG. 8a) - the openings of the molded shell do not come to lie over these gaps.
  • other measures can be taken to prevent the melt from flowing away.
  • FIGS. 10a to 10b the gap between two adjacent bodies 601 and 602 is covered by a roof-like extension 605 of body 601 (see FIG. 10b, which represents an enlarged section of FIG. 10a).
  • the extension 605 lies close to a small horizontal area of the body 602 on and in such a way that a sliding movement of the body 602 against the body 601 is not hindered.
  • the individual bodies 60 or 601 and 602 can be mounted on an intermediate plate 65 in the same way as in the third exemplary embodiment with connecting means 70 (see FIG. 8a). As in the first exemplary embodiment, they can also be connected to one another via compression springs 603 (see FIG. 10b).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von gerichtet erstarrten Gussstücken gemäss Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Gussstücke mit einer solchen Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a device for producing directionally solidified castings according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such castings with such a device.

Für das herstellen von gerichtet erstarrten Gussstücken, die relativ klein sind (Länge in Erstarrungsrichtung kleiner als rund 15 cm), ist ein kostengünstiges Verfahren bekannt, bei dem Formschalen mit sogenannt integrierten Wärmequellen zum Einsatz kommen (F.Staub et al, Technische Rundschau Sulzer 3/1988, p.11). Die integrierten Wärmequellen sind beispielsweise zusätzliche Hohlräume der Formschale, die mit überhitzter Schmelze gefüllt ermöglichen, ohne Heizvorrichtungen ("Suszeptoren") in der Giesskammer auszukommen. Die Formschale selbst und eine Wärmedämmung der Gussform, die verwendet werden muss, geben ebenfalls einen Beitrag zu den integrierten Wärmequellen.For the production of directionally solidified castings that are relatively small (length in the solidification direction is less than around 15 cm), an inexpensive method is known in which molded shells with so-called integrated heat sources are used (F.Staub et al, Technische Rundschau Sulzer 3 / 1988, p.11). The integrated heat sources are, for example, additional cavities in the molded shell which, when filled with overheated melt, make it possible to do without heating devices ("susceptors") in the casting chamber. The molded shell itself and thermal insulation of the mold, which must be used, also contribute to the integrated heat sources.

Die Formschale weist eine untere Öffnung auf, die in der Giesskammer durch eine ebene Kühlplatte abgeschlossen wird. An dieser Öffnung setzt beim Giessen die Erstarrung der Schmelze ein. Die Kühlplatte als Wärmesenke und die integrierten Wärmequellen bilden die Pole eines Temperaturfeldes, das einen "unidirektionalen" Wärmefluss und damit eine gerichtete Erstarrung ermöglicht. Bei den bekannten Verfahren bildet die Kühlplatte eine horizontale Ebene, bezüglich der die bei der Erstarrung entstehenden Dendriten eine im wesentlichen senkrechte Wachstumsrichtung aufweisen.The molded shell has a lower opening, which is closed in the casting chamber by a flat cooling plate. The solidification of the melt begins at this opening during casting. The cooling plate as a heat sink and the integrated heat sources form the poles of a temperature field, which enables a "unidirectional" heat flow and thus a directional solidification. In the known methods, the cooling plate forms a horizontal plane, with respect to which the dendrites formed during solidification have an essentially perpendicular direction of growth.

Bei Gussstücken aus Nickelbasislegierungen, beispielsweise für Turbinenschaufeln von Flugzeugtriebwerken, sind die Dehnungsfestigkeiten in Richtung der Dendriten und damit die Standzeiten der Bauteile während des Betriebs gegenüber polykristallinen Gussstücken beträchtlich verbessert. Da die Dendriten in den Schaufeln des Turbinenrads im wesentlichen radial orientiert sein sollen, muss das Rad aus einzelnen gerichtet erstarrten Gussstücken zusammengesetzt werden. Die Herstellung des Rades würde sich vereinfachen, wenn es gelänge, Bauteile zu giessen, die gerichtet erstarrte Bereiche aufweisen, deren Gefügestrukturen verschieden orientiert sind. Eine solche Vorrichtung, die das herstellen solcher Bauteile ermöglicht ist beschrieben in EP-A-104 794. Bei der bekannten Vorrichtung gelangt ein einteiliger Kühlaufsatz in Kontakt mit der Formschale bzw. dem Gußstück und es kann zu schädlichen Wärmespannungen durch die Temperaturänderungen dieser Teile kommen. Die Erfindung ermöglicht die Herstellung von Gußstücken mit verschieden orientiert erstarrten Bereichen ohne diese Nachteile. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebene Massnahme gelöst.In castings made of nickel-based alloys, for example for turbine blades of aircraft engines, the tensile strengths in the direction of the dendrites and thus the service life of the components during operation are considerably improved compared to polycrystalline castings. Since the dendrites in the blades of the turbine wheel are intended to be oriented essentially radially, the wheel must be assembled from individual castings which have solidified in a directed manner. The manufacture of the wheel would be simplified if it were possible to cast components which had solidified areas in a directed manner and whose structural structures were oriented differently. Such a device, which makes it possible to manufacture such components, is described in EP-A-104 794. In the known device, a one-piece cooling attachment comes into contact with the molded shell or the casting and harmful thermal stresses can result from the temperature changes of these parts. The invention enables the production of castings with differently solidified areas without these disadvantages. This object is achieved by the measure specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Mittels eines Kühlaufsatzes, der auf die horizontale Kühlplatte aufgesetzt wird, erreicht man, dass das Dendritenwachstum bereichsweise unterschiedlich orientiert erfolgt. Durch geeignete Gestaltung des Kühlaufsatzes können segmentförmige Gussstücke hergestellt werden, die sich zu radartigen Bauteilen mit radial orientierten Dentriten zusammensetzen lassen; oder es können zusammenhängende radartige Bauteile gegossen werden, bei denen durch gerichtete Erstarrung Dendriten gebildet werden, die zumindest angenähert radial ausgerichtet sind.By means of a cooling attachment, which is placed on the horizontal cooling plate, it is achieved that the dendrite growth takes place with different orientations in some areas. By suitable design of the cooling attachment, segment-shaped castings can be produced which can be assembled into wheel-like components with radially oriented dentrites; or contiguous wheel-like components can be cast, at which are formed by directional solidification dendrites that are at least approximately radially aligned.

Im folgenden werden verschieden Ausführungsformen des Kühlaufsatzes der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein radartiges, mittels der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung herstellbares Bauteil, das teilweise in die Formschale eingebettet ist (erstes Ausführungsbeispiel),
Fig. 2
drei Sektoren des Kühlaufsatzes des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels,
Fig. 3
einen radialen Schnitt durch Kühlplatte, Kühlaufsatz und gefüllte Formschale des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels,
Fig. 4
eine Variante des Kühlaufsatzes des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels,
Fig. 5a
den Kühlaufsatz eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels,
Fig. 5b
eine Variante zum zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 6
ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem das Gussstück ein Bauteilsegment ist und
Fig. 7
eine Draufsicht auf die Kühlplatte mit Kühlaufsatz für das dritte Ausführungsbeispiel.
Various embodiments of the cooling attachment of the device according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a wheel-like component which can be produced by means of the device according to the invention and which is partially embedded in the molded shell (first exemplary embodiment),
Fig. 2
three sectors of the cooling attachment of the first exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 3
1 shows a radial section through the cooling plate, cooling attachment and filled molded shell of the first exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 4
a variant of the cooling attachment of the first embodiment,
Fig. 5a
the cooling attachment of a second embodiment,
Fig. 5b
a variant of the second embodiment,
Fig. 6
a third embodiment in which the casting is a component segment and
Fig. 7
a plan view of the cooling plate with cooling attachment for the third embodiment.

Die folgenden Figuren 8a bis 10c zeigen verschiedene Varianten von Kühlaufsätzen, die zur Herstellung von segmentartigen Bauteilen wie beim dritten Ausführungsbeispiel dienen und die sich jeweils für ein Bauteil aus mindestens zwei Körpern zusammensetzen.The following Figures 8a to 10c show different variants of cooling attachments, which are used to produce segment-like components as in the third Serve embodiment and each composed of a component from at least two bodies.

Das Bauteil 10 der Fig.1 besteht aus den radialen Schaufelblättern 11, dem äussern Ring 12 und dem innern Ring 13. In der Formschale 2 ist ein torusförmiger Hohlraum 3 integriert, der die eigentliche Formschale des Bauteils 10 kranzartig umschliesst. (Der Hohlraum 3 kann auch in Sektoren unterteilt sein, die separate Kammern bilden. Dadurch lassen sich Spannungen, die beim Erstarren auftreten können, verhindern.) Die Schmelze gelangt über einen in Fig.1 nicht dargestellten Eingiesstrichter 5 (siehe Fig.3) über mehrere Kanäle 4 in den Torus 3 und von dort durch Öffnungen 31, die über die Peripherie des Aussenringes 12 verteilt angeordnet sind, in den zentralen Bereich der Formschale 2. Der Torus 3 bildet den Hauptteil der in die Formschale integrierten Wärmequelle. Eine Wärmedämmung, mit der die äussere Oberfläche der Formschale 2 ummantelt sein muss, ist nicht dargestellt.The component 10 in FIG. 1 consists of the radial airfoils 11, the outer ring 12 and the inner ring 13. A toroidal cavity 3 is integrated in the molded shell 2 and surrounds the actual molded shell of the component 10 in a ring-like manner. (The cavity 3 can also be subdivided into sectors which form separate chambers. In this way, stresses which can occur during solidification can be prevented.) The melt passes through a pouring funnel 5 (not shown in FIG. 1) (see FIG. 3) several channels 4 into the torus 3 and from there through openings 31, which are arranged distributed over the periphery of the outer ring 12, into the central region of the molded shell 2. The torus 3 forms the main part of the heat source integrated into the molded shell. Thermal insulation, with which the outer surface of the molded shell 2 must be encased, is not shown.

Auf der Innenseite weist die Formschale 2 Öffnungen 15 auf, die durch Stege 21 der Formschale 2 gegeneinander abgegrenzt sind. Wie in Fig.2 gezeigt ist, werden die Öffnungen 15 durch sektorförmige Körper 60 verschlossen. Diese Körper 60, die ringförmig um einen zentralen Teil 6b angeordnet sind, bestehen aus einem gut wärmeleitenden Material, beispielsweise Kupfer; sie dienen zur Wärmeableitung bei der Erstarrung der Schmelze. Wie aus der Querschnittszeichnung der Fig.3 hervorgeht, sind die Körper 60 auf der Kühlplatte 6 (Anschlussleitung 6a) aufgesetzt und gegen den zentralen Teil 6b mittels Druckfedern 61 abgestützt. Zwischen den Körpern 60 des Kühlaufsatzes sind radial schmale Lücken vorgesehen, die es ermöglichen, dass die mit einer Volumenreduktion beim Erstarren des Gussstückes einhergehende Geometrieänderung nicht behindert wird, indem der Kühlaufsatz in radialer Richtung nachgiebig ausgebildet ist.The mold shell 2 has openings 15 on the inside, which are delimited from one another by webs 21 of the mold shell 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the openings 15 are closed by sector-shaped bodies 60. These bodies 60, which are arranged in a ring around a central part 6b, consist of a good heat-conducting material, for example copper; they serve to dissipate heat when the melt solidifies. As can be seen from the cross-sectional drawing in FIG. 3, the bodies 60 are placed on the cooling plate 6 (connecting line 6a) and supported against the central part 6b by means of compression springs 61. Radially narrow gaps are provided between the bodies 60 of the cooling attachment, which gaps ensure that the geometry change associated with a volume reduction when the casting solidifies is not impeded by the cooling attachment being designed to be flexible in the radial direction.

Zwischen der Wärmesenke einerseits, die durch die Körper 60 gebildet wird, und andererseits der Wärmequelle, die durch die überhitzte Schmelze im torusförmigen Hohlraum 3 gebildet wird, entsteht ein radiales Temperaturfeld. Nach dem schockartigen Einsetzen der Erstarrung an den Öffnungen 15 wachsen aus einer polykristallinenen Übergangszone Dendriten, die in den Schaufelblättern 11 mit geringen Abweichungen dem Temperaturfeld folgen. So entsteht das radartige Bauteil mit der gewünschten radialen Orientierung der Gefügestruktur.A radial temperature field arises between the heat sink, which is formed by the body 60, and the heat source, which is formed by the overheated melt in the toroidal cavity 3. After the shock-like onset of solidification at the openings 15, dendrites grow from a polycrystalline transition zone, which follow the temperature field in the blades 11 with slight deviations. This creates the wheel-like component with the desired radial orientation of the microstructure.

Damit sich die Formschale 2 rasch auf die Kühlkörper 60 aufsetzen lässt, wird dem Gussstück 1 mit Vorteil eine Form gegeben, bei welcher der innere Ring 13 leicht konisch ist: der Winkel 102 zwischen der horizontalen 100 und den Falllinien 101, welche die Körper 60 an der Grenzfläche bei den Öffnungen 15 aufweisen, soll etwas kleiner als ein rechter Winkel sein. Je nach Bauteil, kann die Falllinie 101 auch stark von der Vertikalen abweichen (siehe Fig.4, wo strichpunktiert und mit dem Bezugszeichen 1' die Lage des Gussstücks angedeutet ist).In order that the molded shell 2 can be quickly placed on the heat sink 60, the casting 1 is advantageously given a shape in which the inner ring 13 is slightly conical: the angle 102 between the horizontal 100 and the falling lines 101 which the body 60 faces the interface at the openings 15 should be slightly smaller than a right angle. Depending on the component, the falling line 101 can also deviate strongly from the vertical (see FIG. 4, where the position of the casting is indicated by dash-dotted lines and the reference numeral 1 ').

Beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel (Fig.5a,b) werden die ringförmig angeordneten Körper 60 gegen einen ringförmigen Rand 6c wiederum über Druckfedern 61 abgestützt. Die beiden dargestellten Varianten entsprechen den beiden Varianten des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels. hier erfolgt die gerichtete Erstarrung radial von aussen nach innen.In the second exemplary embodiment (FIGS. 5 a, b), the bodies 60 arranged in an annular manner are in turn supported against an annular edge 6 c by means of compression springs 61. The two variants shown correspond to the two variants of the first exemplary embodiment. Here the directional solidification takes place radially from the outside inwards.

Das in Fig.6 gezeigte dritte Ausführungsbeispiel ist ein Gussstück 1 mit einem segmentartigen Bauteil 10, das zusammen mit fünf weiteren Bauteilen 10 zu einem radartigen Bauteil zusammengesetzt werden kann. Die nicht dargestellte Formschale umfasst neben dem Hohlraum für das Bauteil 10 wiederum Hohlräume für die integrierten Wärmequellen 3 mit den zugeordneten Verbindungsleitungen 4 und 31 sowie einen Hohlraum für einen Startersockel 14, in dem sich die gerichtete Erstarrung ausbildet. Der Körper 60 des Kühlaufsatzes weist als Grenzfläche zum Gussstück 1 zwei ebene Bereiche auf, die einen Winkel von 30° einschliessen. Entsprechend bilden sich bei der Erstarrung im Gussstück zwei Bereiche aus, deren Dendritenausrichtung verschieden orientiert sind und zwar um einen Winkel, der zumindest angenähert ebenfalls 30° beträgt. hier ist die radiale Ausrichtung der Dendriten nur angenähert realisierbar.The third exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is a casting 1 with a segment-like component 10, which together with five further components 10 can be assembled to form a wheel-like component. In addition to the cavity for the component 10, the molded shell (not shown) in turn comprises cavities for the integrated heat sources 3 with the associated connecting lines 4 and 31 and a cavity for a starter base 14, in which forms the directional solidification. The body 60 of the cooling attachment has two flat areas as an interface to the casting 1, which enclose an angle of 30 °. Correspondingly, two areas form during solidification in the casting, the dendrite orientation of which is oriented differently, namely by an angle which is also at least approximately 30 °. Here the radial alignment of the dendrites can only be achieved approximately.

Die Körper 60 des Kühlaufsatzes werden mit Vorteil auf einer Zwischenplatte 65 montiert, wobei die Verbindung beispielsweise mittels Schrauben 70 solcherart hergestellt wird, dass für den Schraubenkopf ein Bewegungsspielraum 71 frei bleibt. Diese Verbindung erlaubt dann eine beschränkte Gleitbewegung des Körpers 60 um eine Nullpunktslage von beispielsweise mindestens einem Millimeter. Wenn mehrere Gussstücke zu einer Traube zusammengefasst werden, so kann auf kleine Geometrieänderungen der Traube, die sich beim Aufheizen der Keramik sowie beim Erstarren der Schmelze einstellen, der Kühlaufsatz dank der Beweglichkeit seiner Körper 60 nachgiebig reagieren.The bodies 60 of the cooling attachment are advantageously mounted on an intermediate plate 65, the connection being established, for example, by means of screws 70 in such a way that a freedom of movement 71 remains free for the screw head. This connection then allows a limited sliding movement of the body 60 around a zero position of, for example, at least one millimeter. If several castings are combined to form a grape, the cooling attachment can react flexibly to small changes in the geometry of the grape, which occur when the ceramic is heated up and when the melt solidifies, thanks to the mobility of its bodies.

Die in Fig.7 gezeigte Kühlplatte 6 weist einen Kühlaufsatz mit den Körpern 60 für eine Traube mit sechs Bauteilen 10 (gemäss Fig.6) auf. Mit Vorteil wird die Formschale der Traube an ihrer Basis mit einem ringförmigen Rand versehen, der Nuten zu einem Bajonettverschluss aufweist. Mittels den Klauen 6d seitlich an der Kühlplatte 6, welche die Gegenstücke zu den Nuten des Bajonettverschlusses bilden, lässt sich die Formschale mit der Kühlvorrichtung rasch und sicher verbinden. Damit allerdings die beim Bajonettverschluss nötige Drehbewegung ausgeführt werden kann, muss die Zwischenplatte 65 auf der Kühlplatte 6 drehbar gelagert sein. Dazu ist im Zentrum der Kühlplatte 6 ein Zapfen 80 vorgesehen, der in eine entsprechende Bohrung in der Zwischenplatte 65 eingreift.The cooling plate 6 shown in FIG. 7 has a cooling attachment with the bodies 60 for a grape with six components 10 (according to FIG. 6). The shaped bowl of the grape is advantageously provided with an annular rim at its base, which has grooves for a bayonet catch. By means of the claws 6d on the side of the cooling plate 6, which form the counterparts to the grooves of the bayonet catch, the molded shell can be quickly and securely connected to the cooling device. However, in order that the rotary movement necessary for the bayonet lock can be carried out, the intermediate plate 65 must be rotatably mounted on the cooling plate 6. This is in the center of the cooling plate 6 a pin 80 is provided which engages in a corresponding bore in the intermediate plate 65.

Beim Erstarren der Schmelze verringert sich das Volumen um rund zwei Prozent. Mit diesem Volumenschwund geht im allgemeinen eine Geometrieänderung des Gussstücks einher, die sich als Kontraktion äussert. Wegen dieser Kontraktion ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Kühlaufsatz aus mehreren, gegeneinander verschiebbaren Körpern 60 zusammengesetzt wird. Statt des zusammenhängenden Körpers 60 des dritten Ausführungsbeispiels verwendet man besser einen Kühlaufsatz mit zwei, drei oder vier Körpern 60, wie es in den Figuren 8a bis 8c dargestellt ist (Die Pfeile deuten die Verschiebbarkeit der Körper 60 an). Je grösser der Segmentwinkel des Bauteils 10 ist, d.h. je weniger solcher Bauteile 10 für das Zusammensetzen des gesamten radartigen Bauteils benötigt werden, desto mehr Körper 60 des Kühlaufsatzes müssen pro Bauteil 10 verwendet werden.When the melt solidifies, the volume is reduced by around two percent. This decrease in volume is generally accompanied by a change in the geometry of the casting, which manifests itself as a contraction. Because of this contraction, it is advantageous if the cooling attachment is composed of a plurality of bodies 60 which can be moved relative to one another. Instead of the coherent body 60 of the third exemplary embodiment, it is better to use a cooling attachment with two, three or four bodies 60, as shown in FIGS. 8a to 8c (the arrows indicate the displaceability of the bodies 60). The larger the segment angle of component 10, i.e. the fewer such components 10 are required for the assembly of the entire wheel-like component, the more bodies 60 of the cooling attachment must be used per component 10.

Statt dass die Oberflächen der Körper 60 eben ausgebildet sind, können sie, wie es in den Figuren 9a und 9b dargestellt ist, gebogen ausgeführt sein.Instead of the surfaces of the bodies 60 being flat, they can be curved, as shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b.

Damit durch die Lücken zwischen den Körpern 60 keine Schmelze aus der Formschale ausfliessen kann, muss die Gussform solcherart gestaltet werden, dass - beispielsweise mit Sockelstücken 14′ (siehe Fig.8a) - die Öffnungen der Formschale nicht über diese Lücken zu liegen kommen. Man kann jedoch auch andere Massnahmen vorkehren, durch die ein Wegfliessen der Schmelze verhindert wird. Dies ist anhand der Figuren 10a bis 10b illustriert: Die Lücke zwischen zwei benachbarten Körpern 601 und 602 wird durch einen dachartigen Fortsatz 605 des Körpers 601 abgedeckt (siehe Fig.10b, die einen vergrösserten Ausschnitt der Fig.10a darstellt). Der Fortsatz 605 liegt dicht auf einem kleinen horizontalen Bereich des Körpers 602 auf und zwar so, dass eine Gleitbewegung des Körpers 602 gegen den Körper 601 nicht behindert wird.So that no melt can flow out of the molded shell through the gaps between the bodies 60, the casting mold must be designed in such a way that - for example with base pieces 14 '(see FIG. 8a) - the openings of the molded shell do not come to lie over these gaps. However, other measures can be taken to prevent the melt from flowing away. This is illustrated with reference to FIGS. 10a to 10b: the gap between two adjacent bodies 601 and 602 is covered by a roof-like extension 605 of body 601 (see FIG. 10b, which represents an enlarged section of FIG. 10a). The extension 605 lies close to a small horizontal area of the body 602 on and in such a way that a sliding movement of the body 602 against the body 601 is not hindered.

Die einzelnen Körper 60 beziehungsweise 601 und 602 können gleich wie beim dritten Ausführungsbeispiel mit Verbindungsmitteln 70 auf einer Zwischenplatte 65 montiert werden (siehe Fig.8a). Sie können auch wie beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel über Druckfedern 603 (siehe Fig.10b) miteinander verbunden sein.The individual bodies 60 or 601 and 602 can be mounted on an intermediate plate 65 in the same way as in the third exemplary embodiment with connecting means 70 (see FIG. 8a). As in the first exemplary embodiment, they can also be connected to one another via compression springs 603 (see FIG. 10b).

Claims (10)

  1. Apparatus for the production of directionally solidified castings using mould shells (2) having integrated heat sources (3) formed from superheated melt and/or heated-up heat-storage means, said apparatus being a vacuum casting plant comprising a flat cooling plate (6) and a thermally conductive cooling attachment disposed between the cooling plate and the mould shell (2), the mould shell having at least one aperture (15) to start the solidification and for heat dissipation, the interface at the aperture or apertures (15) consists of at least two zones situated in different planes inclined to one another, and the cooling attachment forms the heat-dissipating end of the mould shell, characterised in that the cooling plate is the only heat sink produced by a cooling medium and in that the cooling attachment consists of at least two members (60, 65) which are slidable and displaceable relatively to one another.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the cooling attachment is formed from a plurality of members (60) arranged in the form of a ring.
  3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterised in that the cooling plate has an upwardly extending part (6b) in the centre and in that compression springs (61) are disposed between the central part (6b) and the cooling attachment members (60) displaceable on the cooling plate (6).
  4. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterised in that the cooling plate (6) has an annular upwardly extending edge part (6c) and in that compression springs (61) are disposed between the edge part (6c) and the cooling attachment members (60) displaceable on the cooling plate (6).
  5. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a rotatably mounted thermally conductive intermediate plate (65) is disposed between the cooling plate (6) and the cooling attachment (60).
  6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterised in that at least some of the cooling attachment members (60) are mounted on the intermediate plate (65) by connecting means (70) which allow a limited sliding movement of the members (60) in each case about a zero position of at least 1 millimetre.
  7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that only one connected cooling attachment member (60) is associated with each casting (1).
  8. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that at least two cooling attachment members (60) are associated with each casting (10).
  9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that compression springs (61) are disposed between the cooling attachment members (60).
  10. A process for the production of directionally solidified castings by means of an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
EP92810154A 1991-03-26 1992-03-02 Apparatus for manufacturing castings by directional solidification Expired - Lifetime EP0506608B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH919/91 1991-03-26
CH91991 1991-03-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0506608A1 EP0506608A1 (en) 1992-09-30
EP0506608B1 true EP0506608B1 (en) 1996-12-27

Family

ID=4198228

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92810154A Expired - Lifetime EP0506608B1 (en) 1991-03-26 1992-03-02 Apparatus for manufacturing castings by directional solidification

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5259441A (en)
EP (1) EP0506608B1 (en)
DE (1) DE59207743D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5568833A (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-10-29 Allison Engine Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for directional solidification of integral component casting
US5931214A (en) * 1997-08-07 1999-08-03 Howmet Research Corporation Mold heating vacuum casting furnace
US20070251664A1 (en) * 2006-05-01 2007-11-01 Hanna Ihab M Casting method and mold design for optimization of material properties of a casting
US20090314450A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2009-12-24 Garlock Robert M Method and apparatus for casting metal articles
DE102012209805A1 (en) * 2012-06-12 2013-12-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Cooling device and method for cooling a component produced during a lost foam casting process
CN113084088B (en) * 2021-03-30 2022-11-01 贵阳航发精密铸造有限公司 Casting method of duplex single crystal guide blade with precisely controlled service direction crystal orientation

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3283377A (en) * 1964-06-29 1966-11-08 Trw Inc Turbine wheel manufacturing method
US3598169A (en) * 1969-03-13 1971-08-10 United Aircraft Corp Method and apparatus for casting directionally solidified discs and the like
US3810504A (en) * 1971-03-26 1974-05-14 Trw Inc Method for directional solidification
US4062399A (en) * 1975-12-22 1977-12-13 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Apparatus for producing directionally solidified castings
GB2106021A (en) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-07 Gen Electric Apparatus and method for producing a metal casting which contains a recess
US4850419A (en) * 1982-09-01 1989-07-25 Trw Inc. Method of casting a one-piece wheel
US4813470A (en) * 1987-11-05 1989-03-21 Allied-Signal Inc. Casting turbine components with integral airfoils

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59207743D1 (en) 1997-02-06
EP0506608A1 (en) 1992-09-30
US5259441A (en) 1993-11-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2831292C2 (en) Method of making a lost core for casting a turbine blade
DE60201487T2 (en) Method and device for casting with directional solidification
DE2738635A1 (en) MULTIPLE CASTING FORM
DE2657551C3 (en) Device for the production of castings with a directed structure
DE602004000347T2 (en) Casting mold for component casting with directional solidification
DE10231436A1 (en) Method and device for producing a cast body
EP2091678A1 (en) Casting mould for casting a cast part and use of such a casting mould
DE3246881A1 (en) METHOD AND CAST FORM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CASTED SINGLE CRYSTAL WORKPIECES
EP1041246A1 (en) Casted gas turbine blade with inner cooling, method and device for manufacturing a manifold of the gas turbine blade
DE10033271B4 (en) Water jacket core
DE3220274C2 (en) Casting mold with a selector device for the production of a single crystal casting
EP0506608B1 (en) Apparatus for manufacturing castings by directional solidification
DE3613191C2 (en)
DE102008037778A1 (en) Casting device comprises casting units having a mold with a feeder, a rotatable turntable on which the casting units are arranged, means for introducing molten metal in the mold, and a robot apparatus arranged on a rotating device
DE3809969A1 (en) Process for producing a lens
DE2900959A1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING A CASTING FORM OR COCILLE
DE2219770C2 (en) Cast, ventilated brake disc and device for its manufacture
WO2010121939A1 (en) Casting apparatus for producing a turbine rotor blade of a gas turbine and turbine rotor blade
DE2053062A1 (en) Method and device for the manufacture of castings solidified in one direction
DE2659190A1 (en) PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A CAST MODEL CAST ON A CARRYING DEVICE
DE2453090B2 (en) Method and mold for making a cast hollow turbine blade
DE2852052A1 (en) ROTATING LIQUID METAL SPRAYER WITH COOLING DEVICE
DE2659224C2 (en) Carrying device for a model for precision casting processes
DE69819018T2 (en) MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR A COOLING ELEMENT AND A COOLING ELEMENT
EP2636467B1 (en) Device for manufacturing a cylinder crank case in V design

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19930310

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19941201

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SULZER INNOTEC AG

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: SULZER MANAGEMENT AG

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19970102

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59207743

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19970206

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: ING. ZINI MARANESI & C. S.R.L.

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PUE

Owner name: SULZER INNOTEC AG TRANSFER- TFB FEINGUSSWERK BOCHU

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20000113

Year of fee payment: 9

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PFA

Free format text: TFB FEINGUSSWERK BOCHUM GMBH TRANSFER- DONCASTERS PRECISION CASTINGS-BOCHUM GMBH

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: E. BLUM & CO. PATENTANWAELTE

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20000210

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20000215

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20000327

Year of fee payment: 9

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010302

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010331

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010331

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20010302

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050302