EP0503821B1 - Package and carrier stock with integral handles - Google Patents

Package and carrier stock with integral handles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0503821B1
EP0503821B1 EP92301813A EP92301813A EP0503821B1 EP 0503821 B1 EP0503821 B1 EP 0503821B1 EP 92301813 A EP92301813 A EP 92301813A EP 92301813 A EP92301813 A EP 92301813A EP 0503821 B1 EP0503821 B1 EP 0503821B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
segments
stock
edge
carrier
along
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92301813A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0503821A2 (en
EP0503821A3 (en
Inventor
Leslie S. Marco
Robert Olsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Illinois Tool Works Inc
Original Assignee
Illinois Tool Works Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/669,491 external-priority patent/US5072829A/en
Application filed by Illinois Tool Works Inc filed Critical Illinois Tool Works Inc
Publication of EP0503821A2 publication Critical patent/EP0503821A2/en
Publication of EP0503821A3 publication Critical patent/EP0503821A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0503821B1 publication Critical patent/EP0503821B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/50—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material comprising a plurality of articles held together only partially by packaging elements formed otherwise than by folding a blank
    • B65D71/504—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material comprising a plurality of articles held together only partially by packaging elements formed otherwise than by folding a blank the element being formed from a flexible sheet provided with slits or apertures intended to be stretched over the articles and adapt to the shape of the article

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to carrier stock for machine application to substantially identical cans or other containers.
  • This invention pertains, more particularly, to carrier stock that is severable into individual carriers with separate apertures to receive the individual containers, with integral handles, and with nubs to counter tendencies of certain band segments of the carriers to neck down or to break.
  • carrier stock with individual container-receiving apertures for machine application to substantially identical containers is formed, as by die-cutting, from a single sheet of resilient polymeric material, such as low density polyethylene.
  • resilient polymeric material such as low density polyethylene.
  • such stock is severable transversely, along perforated lines dividing certain band segments into half segments, so as to form individual carriers with separate apertures to receive the individual containers.
  • such stock can be advantageously provided with an integral handle along one lateral edge of each carrier.
  • a package comprising a number of individual containers (e.g., six, eight, or twelve containers) and such a carrier having such a handle is carried by the handle, certain band segments of the carrier tend to neck down or to break, namely the half segments where the carrier was separated from the preceding and succeeding carriers of the same stock.
  • a perforated line produces stress concentrations, which are exacerbated if a transversely moving plow or other force-transmitting means is forced between the individual carriers. Such a means tends to produce small nicks or width reductions of the half segments.
  • a carrier stock for machine application to substantially identical containers is formed from a single sheet of resilient polymeric material and being severable to form individual carriers with separate apertures to receive the individual containers and with integral handles, said stock being formed for each individual carrier with
  • each half segment joined to one of the outer segments along the second edge is configured to define a similar nub.
  • This invention also embraces packages formed using carriers derived from such stock.
  • carrier stock 10 for machine application to substantially identical containers 12 constitutes a presently preferred embodiment of this invention.
  • Such stock 10 is formed with separate apertures 14 to receive the individual container 12.
  • the carrier stock 10 is severable, along transverse lines to be later described, to form individual carriers 20 that are substantially identical.
  • the containers 12 are beverage cans of a type used commonly for beer, soft drinks, and other beverages. Also, each container 12 has a chime 16 at one end, and a lid which is provided with a pull tab 18. This invention is not limited, however, to usage with such cans but is useful with cans, bottles, and other containers of various types.
  • a package which comprises eight such containers 12 and one such carrier 20, as severed from such stock 10.
  • One such carrier 20 is shown fully in Figure 2, which also shows fragmentary portions of the next carrier 20.
  • Each carrier 20 is shown in an unstressed condition in Figure 2.
  • the carrier stock 10 is formed in an indeterminate length, as by die-cutting, from a single sheet of resilient polymeric material.
  • a preferred material is low density polyethylene.
  • a preferred thickness for such stock 10 in an unstressed condition, if low density polyethylene is used, is about 0.36mm (14 mils).
  • the carrier stock 10 is formed, for each individual carrier 20, with integrally joined band segments defining eight separate apertures 14. As shown in Figure 2, such apertures 14 are in a rectangular array with longitudinal rows and transverse ranks, namely two longitudinal rows and four transverse ranks for each individual carrier 20.
  • the carrier stock 10 is applied to the side walls of the respective containers 12 away from the chime 16 of each container 12.
  • the carrier stock 10 may be applied as the carrier stock disclosed in Klygis US-A-4,018,331 is applied.
  • a suitable machine for applying such stock 10 is disclosed in Benno et al. US-A-3,959,949.
  • the band segments defining the separate apertures 14 of each carrier 20 include outer segments that extend generally in a longitudinal direction when the carrier stock 10 is unstressed, namely two outer segments 22 extending along a first edge of such carrier 20 to its respective ends, two outer segments 24 extending along the first edge of such carrier 20 between the outer serpents 22, and four outer segments 26 extending along a second edge of such carrier 20.
  • Such band segments include four inner segments 28 that extend generally in a longitudinal direction when such stock 10 is unstressed.
  • Such band segments include cross segments that extend generally in a transverse direction when such stock 10 is unstressed, namely two cross segments 30 at each of the respective ends of such carrier 20 and three pairs of cross segments 32 between the cross segments 30.
  • Such band segments include diagonal segments 34, each of which connects one of the inner segments 28 and one of the cross segments 30, 32, and which define generally diamond-shaped apertures 36 in the carrier stock 10.
  • the carrier stock is formed with an integral handle 40 having two outer ends 42 and a middle leg 46.
  • Each of the outer ends 42 is joined, at a node 48, to one of the outer segments 22, one of the outer segments 24, and one of the cross segments 32.
  • the middle leg 46 is joined, at a node 50, to two of the outer segments 24 and one of the cross segments 32.
  • the middle leg 46 may be optionally provided with a generally longitudinal slit (not shown) so as to enable the middle leg 46 to be easily broken by a user manipulating the integral handle 40.
  • the inner segments 28 have generally longitudinal slits 52, and the cross segments 32 have generally transverse slits 54.
  • the slits 52, 54 facilitate folding of the inner segments 28 and the cross segments 32 when the carrier stock 10 is applied to the individual containers 12.
  • the carrier stock 10 is formed with tear-open tabs 56 conforming essentially to the tear-open tabs disclosed in EP-A-0461748. Each tab 56 extends into one of the apertures 14 from one of the outer segments 22, 24, 26. Each tab 56 and the outer segment associated with such tab 56 are slitted in a manner disclosed in EP-A-0461748.
  • the cross segments 30 at the respective ends of each carrier 20 have weakened, perforated lines 60, which extend generally in a transverse direction when such stock 10 is unstressed, and which divide such segments 30 into half segments 62.
  • the perforated lines 60 facilitate severance of the carrier stock 10 to form the individual carriers 20.
  • Such stock 10 can be manually broken or otherwise severed along such lines 60.
  • Each half segment 62 is partly bounded by one such line 60, which produces stress concentrations in such half segment 62.
  • the carrier stock 10 can be transversely severed by a transversely mowing plow (not shown) or other force-transmitting means forced between the individual carriers 20. Such a means tends to produce small nicks or width reductions D, one of which is shown in Figure 3, or other flaws exacerbating stress concentrations in the half segments 62.
  • each half segment 62 has an aperture-defining edge 64 with a characteristic shape contemplated by this invention.
  • edge 64 is configured with two concave sections 66 and one convex section 68 between the concave sections 66.
  • Such edge 64 is configured to provide smooth transitions between the concave sections 66 and the convex section 68.
  • the convex section 68 defines a nub 70, which effectively functions as means for countering tendencies of such half segment 62 when stressed to neck down or to break because of stress concentrations produced by the perforated line 60 that partly bounds such half segment 62.
  • the nub 70 provides a localized region of augmented cross section with smooth transitions to adjacent regions of such half segment 62.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Steering Devices For Bicycles And Motorcycles (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Stackable Containers (AREA)
  • Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

Carrier stock (10) is formed from a single sheet of resilient polymeric material, such as low density polyethylene, and is severable into individual carriers (20) with integral handles (40) along lateral edges. Integrally joined band segments define container-receiving apertures (14). Perforate lines (60), along which such stock (10) is severable, divide certain cross segments (30) into half segments (62). Each half segment (62) has an aperture-defining edge (64) configured with a nub (70) which counters tendencies of such half segment (62) to neck down or to break. <IMAGE>

Description

  • This invention pertains to carrier stock for machine application to substantially identical cans or other containers. This invention pertains, more particularly, to carrier stock that is severable into individual carriers with separate apertures to receive the individual containers, with integral handles, and with nubs to counter tendencies of certain band segments of the carriers to neck down or to break.
  • Typically, carrier stock with individual container-receiving apertures for machine application to substantially identical containers is formed, as by die-cutting, from a single sheet of resilient polymeric material, such as low density polyethylene. Typically, such stock is severable transversely, along perforated lines dividing certain band segments into half segments, so as to form individual carriers with separate apertures to receive the individual containers.
  • As disclosed in EP-A-0456360 such stock can be advantageously provided with an integral handle along one lateral edge of each carrier. When a package comprising a number of individual containers (e.g., six, eight, or twelve containers) and such a carrier having such a handle is carried by the handle, certain band segments of the carrier tend to neck down or to break, namely the half segments where the carrier was separated from the preceding and succeeding carriers of the same stock. A perforated line produces stress concentrations, which are exacerbated if a transversely moving plow or other force-transmitting means is forced between the individual carriers. Such a means tends to produce small nicks or width reductions of the half segments.
  • As disclosed in EP-A-0456360 tendencies of certain half segments to neck down or to break can be effectively countered by nubs formed along aperture-defining edges of those half segments, in carrier stock having integral handles joined to other band segments in a manner disclosed therein. This invention stems from an appreciation that such tendencies can be effectively countered by such nubs even if the integral handles are not joined to other band segments in the manner disclosed therein.
  • According to this invention a carrier stock for machine application to substantially identical containers is formed from a single sheet of resilient polymeric material and being severable to form individual carriers with separate apertures to receive the individual containers and with integral handles, said stock being formed for each individual carrier with
    • (a) integrally joined band segments defining the separate apertures and including outer segments that extend generally in a longitudinal direction along a first edge of the carrier when the stock is unstressed, outer segments that extend generally in a longitudinal direction along a second edge of the carrier when the stock is unstressed, and cross segments that extend generally in a transverse direction when the stock is unstressed, the first edge being opposite to the second edge, and
    • (b) an integral handle having two ends, which are joined respectively to outer segments along the first edge,
    wherein selected ones of the cross segments have weakened lines extending generally in a transverse direction when said stock is unstressed and dividing the segments having said lines into half segments, said lines facilitating severance of said stock to form the individual carriers, and wherein each half segment joined to one of the outer segments along the first edge has an aperture-defining edge configured so as to define a nub constituting means for countering tendencies of such half segment when stressed to neck down or to break, and wherein each of the ends of the integral handle is joined, at a node, to two of the outer segments along the first edge and to one of the cross segments other than the cross segments divided into half segments.
  • It is preferred that each half segment joined to one of the outer segments along the second edge is configured to define a similar nub.
  • This invention also embraces packages formed using carriers derived from such stock.
  • A particular embodiment of a carrier and a package in accordance with this invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings; in which:-
    • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a package comprising eight substantially identical containers and a carrier, which is severed from carrier stock according to this invention.
    • Figure 2, on an intermediate scale, is a plan view of carrier stock according to a presently preferred embodiment of this invention.
    • Figure 3, on a larger scale, is a fragmentary detail showing band segments defining a container-receiving aperture of such stock.
  • As shown in Figure 1 through 3, carrier stock 10 for machine application to substantially identical containers 12 constitutes a presently preferred embodiment of this invention. Such stock 10 is formed with separate apertures 14 to receive the individual container 12. The carrier stock 10 is severable, along transverse lines to be later described, to form individual carriers 20 that are substantially identical.
  • As shown in Figure 1, the containers 12 are beverage cans of a type used commonly for beer, soft drinks, and other beverages. Also, each container 12 has a chime 16 at one end, and a lid which is provided with a pull tab 18. This invention is not limited, however, to usage with such cans but is useful with cans, bottles, and other containers of various types.
  • In Figure 1, a package is shown, which comprises eight such containers 12 and one such carrier 20, as severed from such stock 10. One such carrier 20 is shown fully in Figure 2, which also shows fragmentary portions of the next carrier 20. Each carrier 20 is shown in an unstressed condition in Figure 2.
  • The carrier stock 10 is formed in an indeterminate length, as by die-cutting, from a single sheet of resilient polymeric material. A preferred material is low density polyethylene. A preferred thickness for such stock 10 in an unstressed condition, if low density polyethylene is used, is about 0.36mm (14 mils).
  • The carrier stock 10 is formed, for each individual carrier 20, with integrally joined band segments defining eight separate apertures 14. As shown in Figure 2, such apertures 14 are in a rectangular array with longitudinal rows and transverse ranks, namely two longitudinal rows and four transverse ranks for each individual carrier 20.
  • The carrier stock 10 is applied to the side walls of the respective containers 12 away from the chime 16 of each container 12. The carrier stock 10 may be applied as the carrier stock disclosed in Klygis US-A-4,018,331 is applied. A suitable machine for applying such stock 10 is disclosed in Benno et al. US-A-3,959,949.
  • An alternate machine, which is adaptable for applying the carrier stock 10 is disclosed in EP-A-0456357.
  • The band segments defining the separate apertures 14 of each carrier 20 include outer segments that extend generally in a longitudinal direction when the carrier stock 10 is unstressed, namely two outer segments 22 extending along a first edge of such carrier 20 to its respective ends, two outer segments 24 extending along the first edge of such carrier 20 between the outer serpents 22, and four outer segments 26 extending along a second edge of such carrier 20. Such band segments include four inner segments 28 that extend generally in a longitudinal direction when such stock 10 is unstressed. Such band segments include cross segments that extend generally in a transverse direction when such stock 10 is unstressed, namely two cross segments 30 at each of the respective ends of such carrier 20 and three pairs of cross segments 32 between the cross segments 30. Such band segments include diagonal segments 34, each of which connects one of the inner segments 28 and one of the cross segments 30, 32, and which define generally diamond-shaped apertures 36 in the carrier stock 10.
  • Also, along the first edge of each carrier 20, the carrier stock is formed with an integral handle 40 having two outer ends 42 and a middle leg 46. Each of the outer ends 42 is joined, at a node 48, to one of the outer segments 22, one of the outer segments 24, and one of the cross segments 32. The middle leg 46 is joined, at a node 50, to two of the outer segments 24 and one of the cross segments 32. The middle leg 46 may be optionally provided with a generally longitudinal slit (not shown) so as to enable the middle leg 46 to be easily broken by a user manipulating the integral handle 40.
  • As shown in Figure 2, the inner segments 28 have generally longitudinal slits 52, and the cross segments 32 have generally transverse slits 54. The slits 52, 54, facilitate folding of the inner segments 28 and the cross segments 32 when the carrier stock 10 is applied to the individual containers 12.
  • The carrier stock 10 is formed with tear-open tabs 56 conforming essentially to the tear-open tabs disclosed in EP-A-0461748. Each tab 56 extends into one of the apertures 14 from one of the outer segments 22, 24, 26. Each tab 56 and the outer segment associated with such tab 56 are slitted in a manner disclosed in EP-A-0461748.
  • In the carrier stock 10, the cross segments 30 at the respective ends of each carrier 20 have weakened, perforated lines 60, which extend generally in a transverse direction when such stock 10 is unstressed, and which divide such segments 30 into half segments 62. The perforated lines 60 facilitate severance of the carrier stock 10 to form the individual carriers 20. Such stock 10 can be manually broken or otherwise severed along such lines 60. Each half segment 62 is partly bounded by one such line 60, which produces stress concentrations in such half segment 62.
  • The carrier stock 10 can be transversely severed by a transversely mowing plow (not shown) or other force-transmitting means forced between the individual carriers 20. Such a means tends to produce small nicks or width reductions D, one of which is shown in Figure 3, or other flaws exacerbating stress concentrations in the half segments 62.
  • As exemplified in Figure 3, each half segment 62 has an aperture-defining edge 64 with a characteristic shape contemplated by this invention. Specifically, such edge 64 is configured with two concave sections 66 and one convex section 68 between the concave sections 66. Such edge 64 is configured to provide smooth transitions between the concave sections 66 and the convex section 68.
  • The convex section 68 defines a nub 70, which effectively functions as means for countering tendencies of such half segment 62 when stressed to neck down or to break because of stress concentrations produced by the perforated line 60 that partly bounds such half segment 62. The nub 70 provides a localized region of augmented cross section with smooth transitions to adjacent regions of such half segment 62.

Claims (4)

  1. Carrier stock (10) for machine application to substantially identical containers, said stock being formed from a single sheet of resilient polymeric material and being severable to form individual carriers with separate apertures (14) to receive the individual containers and with integral handles (40), said stock being formed for each individual carrier with
    (a) integrally joined band segments defining the separate apertures (14) and including outer segments (22) that extend generally in a longitudinal direction along a first edge of the carrier when the stock is unstressed, outer segments that extend generally in a longitudinal direction along a second edge of the carrier when the stock is unstressed, and cross segments (30,32) that extend generally in a transverse direction when the stock is unstressed, the first edge being opposite to the second edge, and
    (b) an integral handle (40) having two ends, which are joined respectively to outer segments along the first edge,
    wherein selected ones of the cross segments (30) have weakened lines (60) extending generally in a transverse direction when said stock is unstressed and dividing the segments (30) having said lines into half segments (62), said lines (60) facilitating severance of said stock (10) to form the individual carriers (20), and wherein each half segment joined to one of the outer segments (22) along the first edge has an aperture-defining edge (64) configured so as to define a nub (70) constituting means for countering tendencies of such half segment (62) when stressed to neck down or to break, and wherein each of the two outer ends (42) of the integral handle (40) is joined, at a node (48), to two of the outer segments (22, 24) along the first edge and to one of the cross segments (32) other than the cross segments (30) divided into half segments (62).
  2. A carrier stock according to claim 1, wherein each half segment (62) joined to one of the outer segments along the second edge has an aperture-defining edge (64) configured so as to define a similar nub (70).
  3. A carrier stock according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aperture-defining edge (64) of each half segment (62) joined to one of the outer segments (22) along the first edge or second edge is configured with two concave sections (66) and one convex section (68) to define the nub (70).
  4. A package comprising a carrier (20) formed of stock in accordance with any one of the preceding claims with a container (12) held in each aperture (14) of the carrier (20).
EP92301813A 1991-03-14 1992-03-03 Package and carrier stock with integral handles Expired - Lifetime EP0503821B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US669491 1984-11-08
US07/669,491 US5072829A (en) 1990-05-07 1991-03-14 Carrier stock with integral handles

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0503821A2 EP0503821A2 (en) 1992-09-16
EP0503821A3 EP0503821A3 (en) 1993-02-03
EP0503821B1 true EP0503821B1 (en) 1996-01-17

Family

ID=24686522

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92301813A Expired - Lifetime EP0503821B1 (en) 1991-03-14 1992-03-03 Package and carrier stock with integral handles

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0503821B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0649502B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE133132T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1124792A (en)
DE (1) DE69207619T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0503821T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2083081T3 (en)
FI (1) FI108424B (en)
GR (1) GR3018755T3 (en)
HK (1) HK89196A (en)
IE (1) IE73258B1 (en)
NO (1) NO302808B1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ241951A (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6148994A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-11-21 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Large label panel container carrier
US8559770B2 (en) 2005-03-02 2013-10-15 Fiso Technologies Inc. Fabry-perot optical sensor and method of manufacturing the same
CA2683396C (en) * 2007-04-06 2013-01-22 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Web-type container carrier

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE785758A (en) * 1972-03-06 1973-01-02 Illinois Tool Works
US4462494A (en) * 1983-01-24 1984-07-31 Grip-Pak, Inc. Multi-packaging device for cylindrical containers
ES2042586T3 (en) * 1987-12-04 1993-12-16 Illinois Tool Works PACK OF MULTIPLE JARS.
US5038928A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-08-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Carrier stock with integral handles
US5018620A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-05-28 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Carrier stock with band segments extending between opposite edges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE133132T1 (en) 1996-02-15
NO920999D0 (en) 1992-03-13
NO920999L (en) 1992-09-15
ES2083081T3 (en) 1996-04-01
HK89196A (en) 1996-05-31
NZ241951A (en) 1994-09-27
AU1124792A (en) 1992-10-01
DK0503821T3 (en) 1996-05-13
JPH0597157A (en) 1993-04-20
JPH0649502B2 (en) 1994-06-29
FI921051A0 (en) 1992-03-11
IE920812A1 (en) 1992-09-23
FI921051A (en) 1992-09-15
FI108424B (en) 2002-01-31
IE73258B1 (en) 1997-05-21
EP0503821A2 (en) 1992-09-16
GR3018755T3 (en) 1996-04-30
DE69207619T2 (en) 1996-07-11
NO302808B1 (en) 1998-04-27
EP0503821A3 (en) 1993-02-03
DE69207619D1 (en) 1996-02-29

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