EP0496235B1 - Telephone handset - Google Patents
Telephone handset Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0496235B1 EP0496235B1 EP92100409A EP92100409A EP0496235B1 EP 0496235 B1 EP0496235 B1 EP 0496235B1 EP 92100409 A EP92100409 A EP 92100409A EP 92100409 A EP92100409 A EP 92100409A EP 0496235 B1 EP0496235 B1 EP 0496235B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- microphone
- area
- receptacle
- handset according
- handset
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
- H04M1/19—Arrangements of transmitters, receivers, or complete sets to prevent eavesdropping, to attenuate local noise or to prevent undesired transmission; Mouthpieces or receivers specially adapted therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a handset for telephones with a microphone designed as a directional microphone and an earpiece, which are arranged at a distance in capsule receptacles via a connecting element.
- the connecting element is tubular as a spacer between the microphone and the earpiece and has a kink or a curved design in order to position the microphone closer to the mouth area of a person using the handset.
- the possibility of positioning the microphone in the immediate vicinity of the mouth due to this shape of the handsets is generally not used by the persons using the handsets, since the positioning in the immediate vicinity of the mouth is perceived as unpleasant.
- the reasons for this are, for example, that the air that flows out of the nose flows through the handset is derived and leads to thermal sensations or drafts in the area of the facial skin.
- a handset positioned in the immediate vicinity of the mouth lies in the user's field of vision and is unconsciously perceived as annoying. In practice, this means that the handsets are generally positioned in such a way that the microphone points more towards the neck than the mouth of the user. The position of use thus deviates considerably from the measuring position.
- the kink-shaped course of the connecting element is also perceived as disadvantageous, since, for example, handsets from cordless telephones are to be carried by a subscriber in a breast pocket of the shirt.
- handsets from cordless telephones are to be carried by a subscriber in a breast pocket of the shirt.
- the use of such flaps is prone to breakage.
- a connection cable between the main part of the handset and the microphone is exposed to considerable loads.
- the flat design in the area of the microphone receptacle in this housing only serves to close the microphone opening when it is placed on a flat surface, in particular when placed on an acoustically hard plate, in such a way that whistling noises are prevented.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to improve a handset of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that a positioning of the microphone which is perceived as pleasant is made possible and at the same time a transmission quality and noise suppression equivalent to the usual arrangement is ensured.
- At least one sound passage opening for rearward sound supply is arranged on a boundary wall in the area of the receptacle for the microphone, and in the area of an objection limiting the microphone, a border that rises above the objection and surrounds the microphone in some areas extends is interrupted in a direction facing away from the earpiece and that at least some of the rear sound passage openings point in a direction oriented parallel to a surface normal of the objection and another part of the sound passage opening points transversely to the surface normal.
- the microphone When the contact surface is positioned in the area of a human ear, the microphone is automatically positioned to the side of the mouth area. This positioning is perceived by a user of the handset as pleasant, so that the user has no reason to make contact with the contact surface change. This results in a good seal on the human ear and a complete transmission of the telephone frequency range to the user's ear.
- the angled positioning of the contact surface also has the advantage that when the handset is placed on a smooth and acoustically hard plate, sound waves emitted by the earpiece cannot reach the microphone directly, but that the sound waves are emitted in a direction away from the microphone. Furthermore, the sound-conducting channel between the handset and the human cheek is opened wide, so that the coupling, which is appropriate in the event of a leak, is minimized.
- the microphone be designed as a gradient microphone having a directional characteristic. Due to the directional characteristic of the gradient microphone, a higher sensitivity, which is now required to supply a connecting line with a prescribed level, can be set and at the same time sufficient attenuation of environmental noise can be achieved.
- the microphone is designed with a partial rapid sensitivity to form a restricted figure-eight characteristic.
- the directional characteristic of the gradient microphone is determined by the fact that sound-permeable openings are arranged in the axis of the front side of the membrane and to the side thereof, resulting in a directional characteristic that points towards the human mouth without mechanical pivoting, which would influence the design of the handset, is necessary.
- a further decoupling of the microphone and earpiece when the handset is placed on an acoustically hard plate is achieved by providing a regionally surrounding border around the microphone, which forms a volume in front of the microphone when said tray is placed. This volume has a dual function.
- the directional characteristic achieved is retained even when placed on an acoustically hard plate. As already described, it is directed towards the human mouth and thus points away from the earpiece in a decoupling manner.
- a pressure transformation occurs when the circulation is not completely tight, because a pressure in a larger volume cannot be built up directly via a small passage. This also has a favorable effect on the decoupling of the two converters.
- the border is essentially U-shaped and extends with a base leg essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis and with side legs essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis and is arranged such that the base leg is in the region of one of the boundary facing extension of the border is arranged.
- the coupling sound of the earpiece is thus guided around the handset when it is placed on a hard plate and only enters the back.
- the receptacle for the earpiece with its shell, which forms a reference surface is arranged at an angle such that, starting from the reference surface in the direction of the microphone, there is an increasing distance from a longitudinal axis.
- Another possibility of decoupling the microphone from the earpiece is achieved in that the speech and the reference surface have orientations facing away from one another.
- orientation of the sound passage opening can also be suitably chosen in that the sound passage opening spans an opening area that extends inclined to speak.
- the sound passage opening may be formed from at least two partial openings which connect sound channels which are passed into one another and an environment.
- the orientation of the sound passage opening at least partially defines an orientation of an acoustic sensitivity lobe.
- the handset shown for a telephone essentially consists of a receptacle (1), in the area of which a microphone (2) is arranged and forms the speech (12), and a receptacle (3) for an earpiece (4).
- a connecting element (5) connects the receptacle (1) with the receptacle (3) as a spacer.
- the connecting element (5) is designed as a hollow body which opens into an interior of the receptacle (1) and the receptacle (3) with an interior space enclosed by it.
- the receptacles (1, 3) and the connecting element (5) from a uniform Form material, for example a plastic.
- the connecting element (5) extends essentially linearly along a longitudinal axis (6).
- a support line (16) marks the corresponding placement on a support.
- the earpiece (4) is arranged in the area of a reference surface (7) of the receptacle (3), which is arranged at an angle alpha and runs in the direction of the microphone (2) with an increasing distance from the longitudinal axis (6).
- the microphone (2) is installed with a membrane (8) at the end of the handset.
- the additional supply of the environmental noise into the area of the microphone interior (9) takes place via sound passage openings (10) which, starting from a boundary (11) of the microphone receptacle (1) facing away from the capsule receptacle (3), extend in the direction of the microphone (2) .
- a further decoupling of the microphone (2) from the earpiece (4) takes place in that a border (13), which is essentially U-shaped, is arranged in the area of a recess (12) of the receptacle (1) that includes the microphone (2) is formed and has a base leg (14) and two side legs (15).
- the base leg (14) extends essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis (6) and the side legs (15) have an orientation running in the direction of the longitudinal axis (6).
- This orientation of the border (13), which is open in an orientation facing away from the receptacle (3), enables a uniform distribution when placed on a plate Supply of ambient noise both in the area of a front side of the membrane (8) facing the recess (12) and with the aid of the recess (10) in the area of the rear side of the membrane (8).
- a sensitivity curve (18) is to be expected, which has the specified course with respect to a direction coordinate cross (19) and with respect to a gain coordinate cross (20).
- the sensitivity lobe (18, 21) can be designed so that a cardioid or double eight characteristic arises.
- the sound passage opening (10) is divided into partial openings (22, 23) in the illustration according to FIG.
- the partial openings (22, 23) each connect sound-conducting channels (24, 25) to one another and allow sound to be fed into the rear area of the microphone (2).
- a housing of the microphone (2) has microphone openings (26) in the area of a rear side, which allow sound access to a membrane (27). Bores (28) are arranged in the area of the recess (12) for the entry of the useful sound.
- the orientation of the partial openings (22, 23) results in the directional characteristic of the sensitivity lobe (29).
- the handset When the handset is used, it is guided with the conch into the area of an ear of a user and brought into contact here. In this positioning, the microphone (2) is oriented towards the mouth of the user, but is at a sufficient distance from the user, which is not perceived as disturbing. The greater distance from the user's mouth relative to a conventional handset is compensated for by the use of a gradient microphone which has a special directional characteristic and transmits ambient noise with only a low intensity.
- the interaction of the open design of the border (13) facing away from the hearing capsule (4) and the portion of the sound passage opening (10) pointing in the same direction ensures that even when the handset is placed on an acoustically hard plate, despite the fact that oblique alignment of the sensitivity lobe (29) there is a uniform supply of sound components in the area of the front and back of the membrane (27). Due to the border (13), which is formed, for example, with a height of approximately 1.5 mm, the directional characteristic is retained even when placed on an acoustically hard plate.
- the border (13) creates a sound-conducting channel, which also results in a pressure transformation.
- the border (13) does not lie completely on a storage surface when the handset is in conversation, the sound pressure in the volume that is limited by the border (13) is reduced, since in this volume only the comparatively lower sound pressure from the back is available.
- a volume with low pressure is thus connected to a volume with a higher pressure via a small opening. This results in a corresponding time period for pressure equalization. This construction thus makes it possible to compensate for non-uniformities in the sealing when the handset is put down and to increase the safety of the whistle.
- Another advantage in the handling of the handset results from the fact that the shaping automatically makes a positioning that is outside of a user's breathing air flow. This avoids a disturbance in the speech transmission due to hissing background noises.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Handapparat für Telefone mit einem als Richtmikrofon ausgebildeten Mikrofon und einer Hörkapsel, die über ein Verbindungselement mit Abstand in Kapselaufnahmen angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a handset for telephones with a microphone designed as a directional microphone and an earpiece, which are arranged at a distance in capsule receptacles via a connecting element.
Bei bekannten Handapparaten ist das Verbindungselement als Abstandshalter zwischen Mikrofon und Hörkapsel rohrförmig ausgebildet und weist einen Knick bzw. eine geschwungene Ausbildung auf, um das Mikrofon näher zum Mundbereich einer den Handapparat benutzenden Person zu positionieren. Diese Positionierung des Mikrofons mit einem geringem Abstand zum Mund ermöglicht eine Herabsetzung der Empfindlichkeit des Mikrofons, wodurch eine erhebliche Unterdrückung von aus einer Umgebung des Handapparates einwirkenden Störgeräuschen ermöglicht wird.In known handsets, the connecting element is tubular as a spacer between the microphone and the earpiece and has a kink or a curved design in order to position the microphone closer to the mouth area of a person using the handset. This positioning of the microphone at a short distance from the mouth makes it possible to reduce the sensitivity of the microphone, as a result of which a considerable suppression of interference noises coming from an environment of the handset is made possible.
Die durch diese Formgebung der Handapparate bestehende Möglichkeit zur Positionierung des Mikrofons in einer unmittelbaren Umgebung des Mundes wird von den die Handapparate benutzenden Personen jedoch in der Regel nicht genutzt, da die Positionierung in unmittelbarer Umgebung des Mundes als unangenehm empfunden wird. Ursachen hierfür liegen beispielsweise darin, daß durch den Handapparat die entströmende Atemluft der Nase abgeleitet wird und zu thermischen Empfindungen bzw. zu Luftzugempfindungen im Bereich der Gesichtshaut führt. Darüber hinaus liegt ein in unmittelbarer Umgebung des Mundes positionierter Handapparat im Blickfeld des Benutzers und wird unbewußt als störend empfunden. Dieses führt in der Praxis dazu, daß die Handapparate in der Regel derart positioniert werden, daß das Mikrofon stärker zum Hals als zum Mund des Benutzers weist. Die Gebrauchsposition weicht damit erheblich von der Meßposition ab.However, the possibility of positioning the microphone in the immediate vicinity of the mouth due to this shape of the handsets is generally not used by the persons using the handsets, since the positioning in the immediate vicinity of the mouth is perceived as unpleasant. The reasons for this are, for example, that the air that flows out of the nose flows through the handset is derived and leads to thermal sensations or drafts in the area of the facial skin. In addition, a handset positioned in the immediate vicinity of the mouth lies in the user's field of vision and is unconsciously perceived as annoying. In practice, this means that the handsets are generally positioned in such a way that the microphone points more towards the neck than the mouth of the user. The position of use thus deviates considerably from the measuring position.
Auch ist es üblich, den Handapparat direkt zur Seite zu schwenken. Dieses Verschwenken des Mikrofons hat die Folge, daß die Muschel für die Hörkapsel nicht dicht am Ohr anliegt und hieraus ein akustisches Leck resultiert, das zu einem in den Tiefen reduzierten Frequenzbereich führt und das Klangbild der übertragenen akustischen Informationen unnatürlich dünn und hochtönig erscheinen läßt. Da gerade die im tiefen und mittleren Frequenzbereich liegenden Schallanteile für den subjektiv empfundenen Lautstärkeeindruck wichtig sind, wird durch dieses Leck auch die Empfangslautstärke beeinträchtigt. Weiter bildet sich über das Leck zwischen Handapparat und menschlicher Wange ein schallführender Kanal zum Mikrofon, wodurch die beiden Wandler des Handapparates akustisch verkoppelt werden. Diese Verkopplung führt insbesondere in einem digitalen Telefonnetz zu Echoerscheinungen, die die Verständigung beeinträchtigen.It is also common to swing the handset directly to the side. This swiveling of the microphone has the result that the shell for the earpiece does not lie close to the ear and this results in an acoustic leak, which leads to a frequency range that is reduced in the depths and makes the sound image of the transmitted acoustic information appear unnaturally thin and high-pitched. Since the sound components in the low and medium frequency range are important for the subjective perception of the volume, this leak also affects the reception volume. Furthermore, a sound-guiding channel to the microphone forms over the leak between the handset and the human cheek, as a result of which the two transducers of the handset are acoustically coupled. This coupling leads to echo phenomena, particularly in a digital telephone network, which impair communication.
Bei einer Reihe von Anwendungen wird auch der knickförmige Verlauf des Verbindungselementes als nachteilig empfunden, da beispielsweise Handapparate von schnurlosen Telefonen von einem Teilnehmer in einer Brusttasche des Hemdes mitgeführt werden sollen. Ein Versuch zu einer Lösung dieses Problems besteht beispielsweise darin, das Mikrofon über eine Klappe im Gesprächszustand derart zu verschwenken, daß sich eine durch Normung vorgegebene Position ergibt. Die Verwendung derartiger Klappen hat jedoch eine Bruchanfälligkeit zur Folge. Darüber hinaus ist ein Verbindungskabel des Handapparathauptteiles zum Mikrofon erheblichen Belastungen ausgesetzt.In a number of applications, the kink-shaped course of the connecting element is also perceived as disadvantageous, since, for example, handsets from cordless telephones are to be carried by a subscriber in a breast pocket of the shirt. For example, there is an attempt to solve this problem in swiveling the microphone over a flap in the conversation state in such a way that a position specified by standardization results. However, the use of such flaps is prone to breakage. In addition, a connection cable between the main part of the handset and the microphone is exposed to considerable loads.
Aus der JP 57 99 852 A. In: Patents Abstracts of Japan, Section E, Vol. 6 (1982), No. 185 (E 132) ist es bekannt, ein Gehäuse eines Handapparates derart auszubilden, daß sich eine von der Aufnahme der Hörkapsel aufgespannte Bezugsfläche derart in einem Winkel zu einer von der Mikrofonaufnahme aufgespannten Fläche erstreckt, daß sich in Richtung auf die Mikrofonaufnahme ein Winkelverlauf mit einem zunehmenden Abstand ergibt. Das wesentliche Merkmal bei diesem Gehäuse besteht jedoch darin, daß eine bereichsweise transparente Ausbildung vorgesehen ist, um ein optisches Erkennen von eingebauten Elementen zu ermöglichen. Aufgrund der konstruktiven Ausbildung dieses Gehäuses ist es jedoch nicht möglich, ein den Standardanforderungen genügendes Telefonieren zu ermöglichen. Insbesondere ist es nicht möglich, eine ausreichende Übertragungsqualität bei einem Umgebungsgeräusch in der Nähe von 55 dB (A) zu ermöglichen. Die ebene Ausbildung im Bereich der Mikrofonaufnahme dient bei diesem Gehäuse lediglich dazu, bei einem Ablegen auf einer flachen Auflage, insbesondere bei einem Ablegen auf einer akustisch harten Platte, die Mikrofonöffnung derart zu verschließen, daß ein Auftreten von Pfeifgeräuschen verhindert wird.From JP 57 99 852 A. In: Patents Abstracts of Japan, Section E, Vol. 6 (1982), No. 185 (E 132) it is known to design a housing of a handset in such a way that a reference surface spanned by the receptacle of the earpiece extends at an angle to a surface spanned by the microphone receptacle in such a way that an angular profile with a extends in the direction of the microphone receptacle increasing distance results. The essential feature of this housing, however, is that a regionally transparent design is provided in order to enable built-in elements to be visually recognized. However, due to the design of this housing, it is not possible to make calls that meet the standard requirements. In particular, it is not possible to provide adequate transmission quality with ambient noise in the vicinity of 55 dB (A). The flat design in the area of the microphone receptacle in this housing only serves to close the microphone opening when it is placed on a flat surface, in particular when placed on an acoustically hard plate, in such a way that whistling noises are prevented.
Aus der DE-B-11 71 468 sind Maßnahmen bekannt, die es ermöglichen, Umgebungsgeräusche sowohl einem vorderen als auch einem rückwärtigen Bereich des Mikrofones zuzuführen. Durch diese gleichmäßige Zuführung wirken sich Schallwellen der Umgebungsgeräusche gleichmäßig auf die Membran des Mikrofones aus und vermeiden hierdurch nennenswerte Membranbewegungen. Die betreffenden Geräusche werden deshalb nicht in elektrische Signale umgesetzt. Nachteilig ist bei dieser Anordnung, daß das Mikrofon mechanisch geschwenkt werden muß, um in die optimale Position versetzt zu werden.Measures are known from DE-B-11 71 468 which make it possible to supply ambient noise to both a front and a rear area of the microphone. Act through this even feeding sound waves of the surrounding noise evenly affect the membrane of the microphone and thereby avoid significant membrane movements. The noises in question are therefore not converted into electrical signals. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that the microphone must be pivoted mechanically in order to be placed in the optimal position.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen Handapparat der einleitend genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß eine als angenehm empfundene Positionierung des Mikrofons ermöglicht wird und gleichzeitig eine entsprechend der üblichen Anordnung gleichwertige Übertragungsqualität und Störgeräuschunterdrückung gewährleistet ist.The object of the present invention is therefore to improve a handset of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that a positioning of the microphone which is perceived as pleasant is made possible and at the same time a transmission quality and noise suppression equivalent to the usual arrangement is ensured.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß im Bereich der Aufnahme für das Mikrofon wenigstens eine Schalldurchtrittsöffnung zur rückwärtigen Schallzuführung an einer Begrenzungswandung angeordnet ist, sich im Bereich einer das Mikrofon begrenzenden Einsprache eine sich über die Einsprache erhebende und das Mikrofon bereichsweise umschließende Umrandung erstreckt, die in einer der Hörkapsel abgewandten Richtung unterbrochen ist und daß mindestens ein Teil der rückwärtigen Schalldurchtrittsöffnungen in eine parallel zu einer Flächennormalen der Einsprache orientierte Richtung und ein weiterer Teil der Schalldurchtrittsöffnung quer zur Flächennormalen weist.This object is achieved in that at least one sound passage opening for rearward sound supply is arranged on a boundary wall in the area of the receptacle for the microphone, and in the area of an objection limiting the microphone, a border that rises above the objection and surrounds the microphone in some areas extends is interrupted in a direction facing away from the earpiece and that at least some of the rear sound passage openings point in a direction oriented parallel to a surface normal of the objection and another part of the sound passage opening points transversely to the surface normal.
Bei einer Positionierung der Anlagefläche im Bereich eines menschlichen Ohres erfolgt automatisch eine Positionierung des Mikrofons seitlich des Mundbereiches. Diese Positionierung wird von einem Benutzer des Handapparates als angenehm empfunden, so daß der Benutzer keine Veranlassung hat, den Kontakt der Anlagefläche zu verändern. Hieraus resultiert eine gute Abdichtung am menschlichen Ohr und eine vollständige Übertragung des Telefon-Frequenzbereiches auf das Ohr des Benutzers. Die abgewinkelte Positionierung der Anlagefläche hat darüber hinaus den Vorteil, daß bei einer Ablage des Handapparates auf einer glatten und akustisch harten Platte von der Hörkapsel abgestrahlte Schallwellen nicht unmittelbar das Mikrofon erreichen können, sondern daß die Abstrahlung der Schallwellen in eine dem Mikrofon abgewandte Richtung erfolgt. Weiterhin wird der schallführende Kanal zwischen Handapparat und menschlicher Wange weit geöffnet, so daß die bei einem eventuell vorhandenen Leck entsprechende Verkopplung minimiert wird.When the contact surface is positioned in the area of a human ear, the microphone is automatically positioned to the side of the mouth area. This positioning is perceived by a user of the handset as pleasant, so that the user has no reason to make contact with the contact surface change. This results in a good seal on the human ear and a complete transmission of the telephone frequency range to the user's ear. The angled positioning of the contact surface also has the advantage that when the handset is placed on a smooth and acoustically hard plate, sound waves emitted by the earpiece cannot reach the microphone directly, but that the sound waves are emitted in a direction away from the microphone. Furthermore, the sound-conducting channel between the handset and the human cheek is opened wide, so that the coupling, which is appropriate in the event of a leak, is minimized.
Weiterhin wird zur Kompensation des großen Abstands vom menschlichen Mund vorgeschlagen, daß das Mikrofon als ein eine Richtcharakteristik aufweisendes Gradientenmikrofon ausgebildet ist. Aufgrund der Richtcharakteristik des Gradientenmikrofons kann eine höhere Empfindlichkeit, die zur Speisung einer Anschlußleitung mit einem vorgeschriebenen Pegel nunmehr erforderlich ist, eingestellt und gleichzeitig eine ausreichende Dämpfung von Umweltgeräuschen erzielt werden.Furthermore, to compensate for the large distance from the human mouth, it is proposed that the microphone be designed as a gradient microphone having a directional characteristic. Due to the directional characteristic of the gradient microphone, a higher sensitivity, which is now required to supply a connecting line with a prescribed level, can be set and at the same time sufficient attenuation of environmental noise can be achieved.
Alternativ ist vorgesehen, daß das Mikrofon mit einer teilweisen Schnellempfindlichkeit zur Ausbildung einer eingeschränkten Achtercharakteristik ausgebildet ist.Alternatively, it is provided that the microphone is designed with a partial rapid sensitivity to form a restricted figure-eight characteristic.
Die Richtcharakteristik des Gradientenmikrofons wird dadurch bestimmt, daß schalldurchlässige Öffnungen in der Achse der Vorderseite der Membran sowie seitlich davon angeordnet sind, wodurch eine Richtcharakteristik entsteht, die zum menschlichen Mund hinweist ohne daß ein mechanisches Verschwenken, das die designerische Gestaltung des Handapparets beeinflussen würde, vonnöten ist. Eine weitere Entkopplung von Mikrofon und Hörkapsel beim Ablegen des Handapparats auf einer akustisch harten Platte erfolgt dadurch, daß um die Mikrofoneinsprache herum eine bereichsweise umschließende Umrandung vorgesehen wird, die bei der genannten Ablage ein Volumen vor dem Mikrofon bildet. Dieses Volumen hat eine doppelte Funktion. Einerseits wird die erzielte Richtcharakteristik auch bei der Ablage auf einer akustisch harten Platte beibehalten. Diese ist ja, wie bereits beschrieben, zum menschlichen Mund hin gerichtet und weist damit in entkoppelnder Weise von der Hörkapsel weg. Andererseits tritt bei nicht völlig dichter Auflage eine Drucktransformation ein, weil über einen kleinen Durchlaß ein Druck in einem größeren Volumen nicht unmittelbar aufgebaut werden kann. Das wirkt sich ebenfalls günstig auf die Entkopplung der beiden Wandler aus.The directional characteristic of the gradient microphone is determined by the fact that sound-permeable openings are arranged in the axis of the front side of the membrane and to the side thereof, resulting in a directional characteristic that points towards the human mouth without mechanical pivoting, which would influence the design of the handset, is necessary. A further decoupling of the microphone and earpiece when the handset is placed on an acoustically hard plate is achieved by providing a regionally surrounding border around the microphone, which forms a volume in front of the microphone when said tray is placed. This volume has a dual function. On the one hand, the directional characteristic achieved is retained even when placed on an acoustically hard plate. As already described, it is directed towards the human mouth and thus points away from the earpiece in a decoupling manner. On the other hand, a pressure transformation occurs when the circulation is not completely tight, because a pressure in a larger volume cannot be built up directly via a small passage. This also has a favorable effect on the decoupling of the two converters.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Lösung ergibt sich dadurch, daß die Umrandung im wesentlichen u-förmig ausgebildet ist und sich mit einem Basisschenkel im wesentlichen quer zur Längsachse und mit Seitenschenkeln im wesentlichen parallel zur Längsachse erstreckt sowie derart angeordnet ist, daß der Basisschenkel im Bereich einer der Begrenzung abgewandten Ausdehnung der Umrandung angeordnet ist. Der verkoppelnde Schall der Hörkapsel wird dadurch bei der Ablage auf einer harten Platte um den Handapparat herumgeleitet und findet erst hinten Einlaß. Dort befindet sich aber gleichzeitig mindestens eine Öffnung, die zur Gradientenbildung vorgesehen ist. Somit ist eine unmittelbare Kompensation des verkoppelnden Schalls gegeben, denn der Schalleintritt entspricht dem des Störschalls, der, wie bereits beschrieben durch den entsprechenden Einbau des Mikrofons kompensiert wird.A particularly advantageous solution results from the fact that the border is essentially U-shaped and extends with a base leg essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis and with side legs essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis and is arranged such that the base leg is in the region of one of the boundary facing extension of the border is arranged. The coupling sound of the earpiece is thus guided around the handset when it is placed on a hard plate and only enters the back. At the same time, however, there is at least one opening provided for gradient formation. This results in direct compensation of the coupling sound, because the sound entry corresponds to that of the interference sound, which, as already described, is compensated for by the appropriate installation of the microphone.
Eine günstige Handhabung des Handapparates wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß die Aufnahme für die Hörkapsel mit ihrer Muschel, die eine Bezugsfläche bildet, in einem Winkel derart angeordnet ist, daß sich ausgehend von der Bezugsfläche in Richtung auf das Mikrofon ein zunehmender Abstand zu einer Längsachse ergibt.Favorable handling of the handset is made possible in that the receptacle for the earpiece with its shell, which forms a reference surface, is arranged at an angle such that, starting from the reference surface in the direction of the microphone, there is an increasing distance from a longitudinal axis.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Entkopplung des Mikrofons von der Hörkapsel wird dadurch erzielt, daß die Einsprache und die Bezugsfläche einander abgewandte Orientierungen aufweisen.Another possibility of decoupling the microphone from the earpiece is achieved in that the speech and the reference surface have orientations facing away from one another.
Zur einer einfachen fertigungstechnischen Realisierung der Orientierung der Schalldurchtrittsöffnung wird vorgeschlagen, daß eine von der Begrenzung aufgespannte Fläche geneigt zur Einsprache verläuft.For a simple manufacturing implementation of the orientation of the sound passage opening, it is proposed that a surface spanned by the boundary be inclined to speak.
Insbesondere kann die Orientierung der Schalldurchtrittsöffnung auch dadurch geeignet gewählt werden, daß die Schalldurchtrittsöffnung eine Öffnungsfläche aufspannt, die sich geneigt zu Einsprache erstreckt.In particular, the orientation of the sound passage opening can also be suitably chosen in that the sound passage opening spans an opening area that extends inclined to speak.
Ergänzend oder alternativ zu einer geneigten Orientierung der Durchtrittsfläche ist es auch möglich, daß die Schalldurchtrittsöffnung aus mindestens zwei Teilöffnungen ausgebildet ist, die ineinander übergeleitete Schallkanäle mit einer Umgebung verbinden.In addition or as an alternative to an inclined orientation of the passage surface, it is also possible for the sound passage opening to be formed from at least two partial openings which connect sound channels which are passed into one another and an environment.
Eine Verwendung eines Gehäuses mit im wesentlichen rechtwinklig zueinander ausgerichteten Wandungen wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß eine der Teilöffnungen im wesentlichen in Richtung der Flächennormalen und eine weitere Teilöffnung quer zur Flächennormalen weist.The use of a housing with walls oriented essentially at right angles to one another is made possible in that one of the partial openings points essentially in the direction of the surface normal and a further partial opening transversely to the surface normal.
Zur Ausbildung eines Handapparates, der sowohl ohne einen üblichen Knick im Bereich des Verbindungselementes als auch mit verkürzten Abmessungen ausgebildet ist, wird vorgeschlagen, daß durch die Orientierung der Schalldurchtrittsöffnung mindestens teilweise eine Orientierung einer akustischen Empfindlichkeitskeule festgelegt ist.To form a handset that both without a usual kink in the area of Connecting element is designed as well as with shortened dimensions, it is proposed that the orientation of the sound passage opening at least partially defines an orientation of an acoustic sensitivity lobe.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- eine Vorderansicht eines Handapparates,
- Fig. 2:
- eine Seitenansicht des Handapparates nach Figur 1 gemäß Blickrichtung II-II,
- Fig. 3:
- eine prinzipielle Darstellung der Empfindlichkeitskurve eines teilweise schallschnelleempfindlichen Gradientenmikrofones und
- Fig. 4:
- eine Prinzipdarstellung der Richtcharakteristik eines Handapparates mit miteinander verbundenen schallführenden Kanälen, die unterschiedliche Orientierungen aufweisen und Schall in den Bereich einer Rückseite des Mikrofones leiten.
- Fig. 1:
- a front view of a handset,
- Fig. 2:
- 2 shows a side view of the handset according to FIG. 1 according to viewing direction II-II,
- Fig. 3:
- a basic representation of the sensitivity curve of a gradient microphone, which is partially sensitive to sound and
- Fig. 4:
- a schematic representation of the directional characteristic of a handset with interconnected sound-conducting channels that have different orientations and conduct sound in the area of a back of the microphone.
Der dargestellte Handapparat für ein Telefon besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Aufnahme (1), in deren Bereich ein Mikrofon (2) angeordnet ist und die Einsprache (12) bildet, sowie einer Aufnahme (3) für eine Hörkapsel (4). Ein Verbindungselement (5) verbindet als Abstandshalter die Aufnahme (1) mit der Aufnahme (3). Das Verbindungselement (5) ist als Hohlkörper ausgebildet, der mit einem von ihm umschlossenen Innenraum in Innenräume der Aufnahme (1) sowie der Aufnahme (3) einmündet. Insbesondere ist daran gedacht, die Aufnahmen (1, 3) und das Verbindungselement (5) aus einem einheitlichen Material, beispielsweise einem Kunststoff, auszubilden. Das Verbindungselement (5) erstreckt sich im wesentlichen linear entlang einer Längsachse (6). Eine Auflagelinie (16) kennzeichnet dabei die entsprechende Ablage auf einer Unterlage.The handset shown for a telephone essentially consists of a receptacle (1), in the area of which a microphone (2) is arranged and forms the speech (12), and a receptacle (3) for an earpiece (4). A connecting element (5) connects the receptacle (1) with the receptacle (3) as a spacer. The connecting element (5) is designed as a hollow body which opens into an interior of the receptacle (1) and the receptacle (3) with an interior space enclosed by it. In particular, it is contemplated that the receptacles (1, 3) and the connecting element (5) from a uniform Form material, for example a plastic. The connecting element (5) extends essentially linearly along a longitudinal axis (6). A support line (16) marks the corresponding placement on a support.
Die Hörkapsel (4) ist im Bereich einer Bezugsfläche (7) der Aufnahme (3) angeordnet, die in einem Winkel Alpha angeordnet ist und in Richtung auf das Mikrofon (2) mit einen zunehmender Abstand zur Längsachse (6) verläuft. Das Mikrofon (2) ist mit einer Membran (8) am Ende des Handapparates eingebaut. Insbesondere ist daran gedacht, das Mikrofon (2) als Gradientenmikrofon auszubilden, das bei Auftreten von Umgebungsgeräuschen eine erhebliche Dämpfung der Einwirkung dieser Umweltgeräusche ermöglicht. Hierdurch wird eine spezielle Richtcharakteristik erzielt. Die zusätzliche Zuführung der Umweltgeräusche in den Bereich des Mikrofoninnenraumes (9) erfolgt über Schalldurchtrittsöffnungen (10), die sich ausgehend von einer der Kapselaufnahme (3) abgewandt angeordneten Begrenzung (11) der Mikrofonaufnahme (1) in Richtung auf das Mikrofon (2) erstreckt.The earpiece (4) is arranged in the area of a reference surface (7) of the receptacle (3), which is arranged at an angle alpha and runs in the direction of the microphone (2) with an increasing distance from the longitudinal axis (6). The microphone (2) is installed with a membrane (8) at the end of the handset. In particular, it is contemplated to design the microphone (2) as a gradient microphone, which allows a considerable damping of the effects of these environmental noises when ambient noises occur. This achieves a special directional characteristic. The additional supply of the environmental noise into the area of the microphone interior (9) takes place via sound passage openings (10) which, starting from a boundary (11) of the microphone receptacle (1) facing away from the capsule receptacle (3), extend in the direction of the microphone (2) .
Eine weitere Entkopplung des Mikrofones (2) von der Hörkapsel (4) erfolgt dadurch, daß im Bereich einer das Mikrofon (2) umfassenden Einsprache (12) der Aufnahme (1) eine Umrandung (13) angeordnet ist, die im wesentlichen u-förmig ausgebildet ist und einen Basisschenkel (14) sowie zwei Seitenschenkel (15) aufweist. Der Basisschenkel (14) erstreckt sich im wesentlichen quer zur Längsachse (6) und die Seitenschenkel (15) weisen eine in Richtung der Längsachse (6) verlaufende Orientierung auf. Diese in eine der Aufnahme (3) abgewandte Orientierung offene Ausrichtung der Umrandung (13) ermöglicht bei Ablage auf einer Platte eine gleichmäßige Zufuhr von Umgebungsgeräuschen sowohl in den Bereich einer der Einsprache (12) zugewandten Vorderseite der Membran (8) als auch mit Hilfe der Ausnehmung (10) in den Bereich der Rückseite der Membran (8).A further decoupling of the microphone (2) from the earpiece (4) takes place in that a border (13), which is essentially U-shaped, is arranged in the area of a recess (12) of the receptacle (1) that includes the microphone (2) is formed and has a base leg (14) and two side legs (15). The base leg (14) extends essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis (6) and the side legs (15) have an orientation running in the direction of the longitudinal axis (6). This orientation of the border (13), which is open in an orientation facing away from the receptacle (3), enables a uniform distribution when placed on a plate Supply of ambient noise both in the area of a front side of the membrane (8) facing the recess (12) and with the aid of the recess (10) in the area of the rear side of the membrane (8).
Bei der in Figur 3 dargestellten Charakteristik eines Gradientenmikrofones ist bei einer angenommenen Empfangsrichtung (17) eine Empfindlichkeitskurve (18) zu erwarten, die bezüglich eines Richtungskoordinatenkreuzes (19) sowie bezüglich eines Verstärkungskoordinatenkreuzes (20) den angegebenen Verlauf aufweist. Die Empfindlichkeitskeulen (18,21) kann je nach Schallwegführung so ausgelegt werden, daß eine Kardioide oder Doppelacht-Charakteristik entsteht.In the case of the characteristic of a gradient microphone shown in FIG. 3, if the reception direction (17) is assumed, a sensitivity curve (18) is to be expected, which has the specified course with respect to a direction coordinate cross (19) and with respect to a gain coordinate cross (20). Depending on the sound path, the sensitivity lobe (18, 21) can be designed so that a cardioid or double eight characteristic arises.
Im Gegensatz zur Darstellung in Figur 1 und 2, bei der die Schalldurchtrittsöffnung (10) geneigt zur Einsprache (12) angeordnet ist und hierdurch sowohl in Richtung einer Flächennormalen der Einsprache (12) als auch quer zu dieser Flächennormalen einwirkende Geräusche in den Bereich der Rückseite des Mikrofones (2) leitet, ist bei der Darstellung gemäß Figur 4 die Schalldurchtrittsöffnung (10) in Teilöffnungen (22,23) unterteilt. Die Teilöffnungen (22,23) verbinden jeweils schallführende Kanäle (24,25) miteinander und ermöglichen eine Schallzuführung in den rückwärtigen Bereich des Mikrofones (2). Ein Gehäuse des Mikrofones (2) weist im Bereich einer Rückseite Mikrofonöffnungen (26) auf, die einen Schallzutritt zu einer Membran (27) ermöglichen. Im Bereich der Einsprache (12) sind zum Eintritt des Nutzschalls Bohrungen (28) angeordnet. Durch die Orientierung der Teilöffnungen (22,23) ergibt sich die eingetragene Richtcharakteristik der Empfindlichkeitskeule (29).In contrast to the representation in Figures 1 and 2, in which the sound passage opening (10) is arranged inclined to the speech (12) and thus both in the direction of a surface normal of the speech (12) and transversely to this surface normal noise in the area of the rear of the microphone (2) conducts, the sound passage opening (10) is divided into partial openings (22, 23) in the illustration according to FIG. The partial openings (22, 23) each connect sound-conducting channels (24, 25) to one another and allow sound to be fed into the rear area of the microphone (2). A housing of the microphone (2) has microphone openings (26) in the area of a rear side, which allow sound access to a membrane (27). Bores (28) are arranged in the area of the recess (12) for the entry of the useful sound. The orientation of the partial openings (22, 23) results in the directional characteristic of the sensitivity lobe (29).
Bei einer Benutzung des Handapparates wird dieser mit der Muschel in den Bereich eines Ohres eines Benutzers geführt und hier zur Anlage gebracht. In dieser Positionierung ist das Mikrofon (2) zwar in Richtung auf den Mund des Benutzers ausgerichtet, weist zu diesem jedoch einen ausreichenden Abstand auf, der nicht als störend empfunden wird. Der relativ zu einem üblichen Handapparat größere Abstand zum Mund des Benutzers wird durch die Verwendung eines Gradientenmikrofons ausgeglichen, das eine spezielle Richtcharakteristik aufweist und Umgebungsgeräusche nur mit einer geringen Intensität überträgt.When the handset is used, it is guided with the conch into the area of an ear of a user and brought into contact here. In this positioning, the microphone (2) is oriented towards the mouth of the user, but is at a sufficient distance from the user, which is not perceived as disturbing. The greater distance from the user's mouth relative to a conventional handset is compensated for by the use of a gradient microphone which has a special directional characteristic and transmits ambient noise with only a low intensity.
Durch das Zusammenwirken der in eine der Hörkapsel (4) abgewandte Richtung offenen Ausbildung der Umrandung (13) und des in die gleiche Richtung weisenden Anteiles der Schalldurchtrittsöffnung (10) wird gewährleistet, daß auch bei einem Ablegen des Handapparates auf einer akustisch harten Platte trotz der schrägen Ausrichtung der Empfindlichkeitskeule (29) eine gleichmäßige Zuleitung von Schallanteilen in den Bereich der Vorder- und Rückseite der Membran (27) erfolgt. Durch die Umrandung (13), die beispielsweise mit einer Höhe von etwa 1,5 mm ausgebildet wird, bleibt somit die Richtcharakteristik auch bei einer Ablage auf einer akustisch harten Platte erhalten. Durch die Umrandung (13) entsteht ein schallführender Kanal, der zusätzlich noch eine Drucktransformation zur Folge hat. Liegt die Umrandung (13) in einem Gesprächszustand des Handapparates nicht vollständig auf eine Ablagefläche auf, so wird der Schalldruck in dem Volumen, das von der Umrandung (13) begrenzt ist, reduziert, da in diesem Volumen nur der vergleichsweise geringere Schalldruck von der Rückseite vorhanden ist. Es wird somit ein Volumen mit geringem Druck mit einem Volumen eines höheren Druckes über eine kleine Öffnung verbunden. Hieraus resultiert eine entsprechende Zeitspanne für den Druckausgleich. Durch diese Konstruktion können somit Ungleichmäßigkeiten der Abdichtung bei einer Ablage des Handapparates ausgeglichen und die Pfeifsicherheit erhöht werden.The interaction of the open design of the border (13) facing away from the hearing capsule (4) and the portion of the sound passage opening (10) pointing in the same direction ensures that even when the handset is placed on an acoustically hard plate, despite the fact that oblique alignment of the sensitivity lobe (29) there is a uniform supply of sound components in the area of the front and back of the membrane (27). Due to the border (13), which is formed, for example, with a height of approximately 1.5 mm, the directional characteristic is retained even when placed on an acoustically hard plate. The border (13) creates a sound-conducting channel, which also results in a pressure transformation. If the border (13) does not lie completely on a storage surface when the handset is in conversation, the sound pressure in the volume that is limited by the border (13) is reduced, since in this volume only the comparatively lower sound pressure from the back is available. A volume with low pressure is thus connected to a volume with a higher pressure via a small opening. This results in a corresponding time period for pressure equalization. This construction thus makes it possible to compensate for non-uniformities in the sealing when the handset is put down and to increase the safety of the whistle.
Ein weiterer Vorteil bei der Handhabung des Handapparates resultiert daraus, daß durch die Formgebung automatisch eine Positionierung vorgenommen wird, die außerhalb einer Atmungsluftströmung des Benutzers liegt. Hierdurch wird eine Störung der Sprachübertragung durch zischende Nebengeräusche vermieden.Another advantage in the handling of the handset results from the fact that the shaping automatically makes a positioning that is outside of a user's breathing air flow. This avoids a disturbance in the speech transmission due to hissing background noises.
Claims (11)
- Handset for telephones, having a microphone in the form of a directional microphone and a receiver cup, which are disposed spaced apart by a connecting element in capsule-like receptacles, characterized in that in the region of the receptacle (1) for the microphone (2) at least one sound inlet opening (10) for backward sound feed is disposed adjacent to a boundary wall (11), extending in the region of a mouthpiece (12) delimiting the microphone (2) is a border (13, 14, 15), which is raised above the mouthpiece (12) and in sections encloses the microphone (2) and is interrupted in a direction remote from the receiver cup (4), and that at least one part of the backward sound inlet opening is directed in a direction oriented parallel to a surface normal of the mouthpiece (12) and a further part of the sound inlet opening (10) is directed at right angles to the surface normal.
- Handset according to claim 1, characterized in that the microphone (2) takes the form of a pressure gradient microphone with a lateral pick-up characteristic.
- Handset according to claim 1, characterized in that the microphone (2) is designed with a partial fast response to produce a limited bidirectional characteristic.
- Handset according to claim 3, characterized in that the border (13) is substantially U-shaped and extends with a base limb (14) substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis (6) and with side limbs (15) substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (6) and is also arranged in such a way that the base limb (14) is disposed in the region of an extension of the border (13) remote from the boundary (11).
- Handset according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the receptacle for the receiver cup with its earpiece, which forms a reference surface, is disposed at an angle in such a way that from the reference surface towards the microphone there is an increasing distance from a longitudinal axis.
- Handset according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mouthpiece (12) and the reference surface (7) are oriented so as to be turned away from one another.
- Handset according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a surface defined by the boundary (11) extends obliquely relative to the mouthpiece (12).
- Handset according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sound inlet opening (10) defines an opening surface which extends obliquely relative to the mouthpiece (12).
- Handset according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sound inlet opening (10) is formed by at least two part-openings connecting sound channels, which are merged one into the other, to an environment.
- Handset according to claim 9, characterized in that one of the part-openings is directed substantially in the direction of the surface normal and a further detail opening is directed at right angles to the surface normal.
- Handset according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that through the orientation of the sound inlet opening (10) an orientation of an acoustic sensitivity lobe is at least partially defined.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4102000 | 1991-01-24 | ||
| DE4102000 | 1991-01-24 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0496235A2 EP0496235A2 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| EP0496235A3 EP0496235A3 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
| EP0496235B1 true EP0496235B1 (en) | 1995-08-02 |
Family
ID=6423596
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92100409A Expired - Lifetime EP0496235B1 (en) | 1991-01-24 | 1992-01-13 | Telephone handset |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0496235B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE125992T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59203057D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0496235T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2077877T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE9209994U1 (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1992-09-17 | Siemens Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
| US5963640A (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1999-10-05 | Ericsson, Inc. | Radiotelephone having an acoustical wave guide coupled to a speaker |
| US5890072A (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1999-03-30 | Ericsson, Inc. | Radiotelephone having a non-resonant wave guide acoustically coupled to a microphone |
| JP3420756B2 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-06-30 | 株式会社テムコジャパン | Handset for communication equipment |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT247930B (en) * | 1964-08-11 | 1966-07-11 | Akg Akustische Kino Geraete | Sound transducer designed as a noise-compensated pressure gradient capsule for use in telephone handsets |
| US4463222A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1984-07-31 | Roanwell Corporation | Noise canceling transmitter |
| JPH0625085Y2 (en) * | 1986-01-30 | 1994-06-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Telephone |
| US4773091A (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1988-09-20 | Northern Telecom Limited | Telephone handset for use in noisy locations |
| JP2541621B2 (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1996-10-09 | 株式会社プリモ | Directional microphone |
| JPH1042966A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-02-17 | Okamura Corp | Auxiliary top plate device for desk |
-
1992
- 1992-01-13 AT AT92100409T patent/ATE125992T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-13 DE DE59203057T patent/DE59203057D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-01-13 ES ES92100409T patent/ES2077877T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-13 DK DK92100409.9T patent/DK0496235T3/en active
- 1992-01-13 EP EP92100409A patent/EP0496235B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0496235A3 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
| DK0496235T3 (en) | 1995-10-30 |
| ATE125992T1 (en) | 1995-08-15 |
| ES2077877T3 (en) | 1995-12-01 |
| EP0496235A2 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| DE59203057D1 (en) | 1995-09-07 |
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