EP0494807A1 - High voltage binding post - Google Patents
High voltage binding post Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0494807A1 EP0494807A1 EP92400016A EP92400016A EP0494807A1 EP 0494807 A1 EP0494807 A1 EP 0494807A1 EP 92400016 A EP92400016 A EP 92400016A EP 92400016 A EP92400016 A EP 92400016A EP 0494807 A1 EP0494807 A1 EP 0494807A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- high voltage
- insulator
- head
- ring
- connection terminal
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/53—Bases or cases for heavy duty; Bases or cases for high voltage with means for preventing corona or arcing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-voltage terminal more particularly suitable for current transformers for outdoor use in molded resin. It is mainly of interest to manufacturers of electrical equipment.
- the high-voltage connection terminal is a device intended to ensure the connection with an external high-voltage line.
- these include windings wound around magnetic cores placed in a closed insulating mass molded around said core. These windings are connected, one to an external high voltage line, the other to a secondary low voltage network.
- high voltage connection terminals pose some construction difficulties. Indeed, they generally consist of two parts which are the head connected to the high voltage line and the base to ground potential. These two parts are separated by a tubular insulator which encloses a conduit in which are placed the electrical conductors which join the lower part of the device to the ground potential receiving the secondary output terminals and an upper part carrying the connection parts to the high voltage line. Consequently, between the head and the base there is a very large potential difference and given their proximity, this creates intense electric fields which favor the formation of electric arcs and ionizing discharges.
- the insulator used is of the fin type, that is to say a series of peripheral discs are arranged outside the insulator, the sides of the discs being inclined downward to prevent it from being able to have stagnant moisture on the underside of the fins.
- Many insulator profiles are known to those skilled in the art to lengthen the path from the high voltage part to the grounded part and create vanishing lines opposing the creation of electric arcs to prevent the passage of sparks and the arcing of electric arcs along the insulator.
- the active parts of the electrical apparatus constituted in the case of transformers of magnetic circuits, of low and high voltage windings, are coated by molding with solid synthetic resin, the assembly forming the body of the electrical apparatus. .
- this device is divided into two parts, one formed by all of the parts in contact with the high voltage, the other part being made up of all the parts in contact with the ground at ground potential. .
- the naturally insulating surface of the body of the electrical appliance will be subjected to the electric field prevailing between the high voltage part and the low voltage part connected to earth. It will therefore be the seat, like the insulator, of creeping electric shocks which, in the long run, can degrade the device and cause its destruction.
- the conductive layer thin despite everything, ends in a sharp edge facing the insulator which will generate sparks in service and arcs in the event of overvoltage on the network, while the leakage currents along the insulator, which will arise on this edge, will gradually degrade it by gnawing at the metallic layer.
- the main object of the present invention is to present an improved high voltage connection terminal at the level of the insulation.
- improvements have been made at two levels.
- the surface of the head of the device will no longer be the seat of the formation of creeping sparks and consequently, its longevity is ensured.
- the distribution of the electric field between the parts under voltage and ground inside the insulator is fully controlled to avoid any internal ionizing electrical discharge.
- the high voltage connection terminal for electrical devices such as a current or voltage transformer, comprising at least two parts, one of which, the head, is connected to a high voltage line and the other, the base, with earth , both separated by a tubular insulator which encloses a conduit where the conductors connecting the high-voltage connection piece to the internal circuit of the device are placed, is characterized in that the head is covered with a metallic layer and that a metal ring is interposed between said head and the insulator.
- the present invention relates to a high-voltage connection terminal for electrical devices, such as a dry current or voltage transformer. It mainly concerns manufacturers of electrical equipment.
- the present invention has been developed more particularly in the context of the construction of medium voltage current transformers, it may extend to all medium and high voltage devices comprising members placed in an insulating housing or coated with insulating resin.
- the high voltage connection terminals are electrical components intended to be connected to an external high-voltage line.
- all of the electrical components that is to say magnetic core and high and low voltage winding, are embedded in a molded resin which is in the form of a head (1) in Figure 1.
- the head (1) is crossed by a pin (2) connected directly to the external high voltage line.
- the pin (2) is fixed on a hollow insulating support (3) which encloses the various electrical components. This constitutes the first part of the device which is brought to the high voltage potential.
- the other part of the high-voltage terminal is formed by the fixing base (4) and which is brought to earth potential.
- the low voltage output terminals of the device are fixed to the base (4).
- the head (1) and the base (4) are separated by a tubular insulator (5) with fins which encloses a conduit (6) where the conductors, not shown, of electrical connection are placed.
- a significant potential difference corresponding to the supply voltage of the high-voltage electrical device exists between the head (1) and the base (4).
- the fin insulator (5) must have a sufficient creepage distance to prevent the passage of sparks due to the electric field prevailing between the head (1) and the base (4). When it rains or when more or less conductive atmospheric deposits form on the electrical apparatus, good resistance to creeping sparks and electric arcs is required of the material constituting the insulator. These electrolytic conduction phenomena are very daunting and cannot be totally eliminated. Particular care must be taken in the choice of material used for the manufacture of the fin insulator (5) so that it cannot be destroyed by the action of either electric arcs or creeping sparks. For example, it is desirable to use porcelain, elastomer, synthetic resins or other materials of a different nature from that used to form the coating of the active parts of the device.
- the manufacturers cover the body of the device with a relatively thick and solid metal deposit.
- the insulating surfaces are eliminated and the superficial electric fields disappear.
- These conductive layers are connected either to the high voltage potential or to the ground potential, in order to precisely define the live parts and the grounded parts and thus precisely locate the electric fields.
- the surface metal deposits consist of a projection of hot zinc onto the resin to form a conductive layer equalizing the potential of the covered surface.
- the outer part of the head (1) is covered with a conductive layer (7).
- This conductive layer (7) is connected to the potential of the pin (2) and therefore to the high voltage line.
- the electric field in the outer part of the terminal is strictly limited to the part between the upper and lower ends of the fin insulator (5).
- the thickness of the conductive layer (7) must be sufficient to withstand the flow of an electric leakage current originating between the pin (2) and the base (4).
- the conductive layer (7) is perfectly able to meet the requirements and in the event of accidental arcing, the creeping spark travels the outer surface of the fin insulator (5) from the lower part of the layer (7), that is to say the crown for supporting the head (1) on the fin insulator (5), up to the base (4).
- the surface layer (7) stops at the sharp edge (8) of the head support ring (1) on the insulator (5).
- the sharp edge promotes the formation of sparks in service and the creation of arcs in case of overvoltage on the network. Leakage currents along the insulator (5) will also arise at this edge (8) and will gradually degrade it by gnawing the metal layer (7) at this level.
- a ring (9) is interposed between the head (1) and the insulator (5) as shown in Figure 1.
- the sharp edge (8) of the support ring of the head (1) rests on the metal ring (9) and it will be precisely this metal ring (9) which will be the part closest to the base (4) and where the maximum electric field will be concentrated. If arcs are created, the spark will arise at the level of the ring (9) to go to the base (4) and the sharp edge (8) of the head (1) will be completely protected .
- Figure 2 shows in detail the establishment of the ring (9) at the top of the insulator (5).
- This metal ring (9) has a profile with rounded edges. This limits the creation of electric arcs which seek, to take birth, angular or pointed forms.
- the outer diameter of the ring (9) is greater than that of the head support ring (1). This makes it possible to protect the sharp edge (8) of the metal layer (7) in the event of the birth of an electric arc whose path must pass through the ring (9).
- the ring (9) is connected to the pin (2) by a braid (10) or other conductive element as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- one solution consists in interposing an insulating screen (11) between the conduit (6) and the ring (9).
- the ring (9) can also be extended inside the insulator (5) by a cylindrical surface (12) as illustrated in FIG. 1 terminated by a blooming (13).
- the body of the device containing the various electrical components such as high voltage, low voltage and core winding, was enclosed in the body of the device, that is to say the head ( 1) in molded resin placed at the top of the device.
- the head (1) containing the various electrical members is located in the lower part of the device.
- the high voltage connection pin (2) is replaced by studs (17 and 18) fixed on an insulating support (19) placed at the top of the insulator (5) and connected to the head (1) by electrical conductors introduced in the central connection conduit (6) .
- the magnetic cores, primary and secondary windings, are embedded in a molded case (3) placed in the head (1) which is covered with a conductive layer (7) connected to the ground.
- a ring (9) is interposed between the insulator (5) and the head (1) at the base of said insulator, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- This ring (9) is set to earth potential and therefore forms a protective screen against the conductive film (7).
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Abstract
Description
L'invention est relative à une borne haute tension plus particulièrement adaptée aux transformateurs de courant pour l'extérieur en résine moulée. Elle intéresse principalement les constructeurs de matériels électriques.The invention relates to a high-voltage terminal more particularly suitable for current transformers for outdoor use in molded resin. It is mainly of interest to manufacturers of electrical equipment.
La borne de raccordement haute tension est un organe destiné à assurer la jonction avec une ligne extérieure haute tension. Quoique la présente invention ait été développée tout spécialement dans le cadre de l'application aux transformateurs de courant, elle pourra néanmoins parfaitement s'appliquer à d'autres types d'appareils électriques.The high-voltage connection terminal is a device intended to ensure the connection with an external high-voltage line. Although the present invention has been developed especially in the context of application to current transformers, it can nevertheless be perfectly applied to other types of electrical apparatus.
Pour suivre l'exemple des transformateurs secs, ceux-ci comportent des enroulements bobinés autour de noyaux magnétiques mis en place dans une masse isolante fermée moulée autour dudit noyau. Ces enroulements sont reliés les uns à une ligne haute tension extérieure, les autres à un réseau secondaire à basse tension.To follow the example of dry transformers, these include windings wound around magnetic cores placed in a closed insulating mass molded around said core. These windings are connected, one to an external high voltage line, the other to a secondary low voltage network.
La réalisation des bornes haute tension de raccordement pose quelques difficultés de construction. En effet, elles sont généralement constituées en deux parties qui sont la tête raccordée à la ligne haute tension et l'embase au potentiel de la masse. Ces deux parties sont séparées par un isolateur tubulaire qui renferme un conduit dans lequel sont placés les conducteurs électriques qui réunissent la partie inférieure de l'appareil au potentiel de la masse recevant les bornes de sortie secondaires et une partie supérieure portant les pièces de raccordement à la ligne haute tension. Par conséquent, entre la tête et l'embase règne une différence de potentiel très importante et étant donné leur proximité, cela crée des champs électriques intenses qui favorisent la formation d'arcs électriques et de décharges ionisantes.The realization of high voltage connection terminals poses some construction difficulties. Indeed, they generally consist of two parts which are the head connected to the high voltage line and the base to ground potential. These two parts are separated by a tubular insulator which encloses a conduit in which are placed the electrical conductors which join the lower part of the device to the ground potential receiving the secondary output terminals and an upper part carrying the connection parts to the high voltage line. Consequently, between the head and the base there is a very large potential difference and given their proximity, this creates intense electric fields which favor the formation of electric arcs and ionizing discharges.
L'isolateur utilisé est de type à ailettes, c'est-à-dire une série de disques périphériques sont disposés à l'extérieur de l'isolateur, les flancs des disques étant inclinés vers le bas pour éviter qu'il ne puisse y avoir d'humidité stagnante sur la face inférieure des ailettes. De nombreux profils d'isolateur sont connus de l'Homme de l'Art pour allonger le trajet allant de la partie haute tension à la partie à la terre et créer des lignes de fuite s'opposant à la création d'arcs électriques afin d'empêcher le cheminement des étincelles et l'amorçage d'arcs électriques le long de l'isolateur.The insulator used is of the fin type, that is to say a series of peripheral discs are arranged outside the insulator, the sides of the discs being inclined downward to prevent it from being able to have stagnant moisture on the underside of the fins. Many insulator profiles are known to those skilled in the art to lengthen the path from the high voltage part to the grounded part and create vanishing lines opposing the creation of electric arcs to prevent the passage of sparks and the arcing of electric arcs along the insulator.
Lorsqu'il pleut ou lorsque des dépôts atmosphériques plus ou moins conducteurs se forment sur l'appareil électrique, qui favorisent la conduction de type électrolytique, une bonne tenue aux étincelles et aux arcs électriques est exigée de la part du matériau constituant l'isolateur. C'est pourquoi on utilise de la porcelaine, des élastomères, des résines synthétiques ou d'autres matériaux similaires pour fabriquer l'isolateur.When it rains or when more or less conductive atmospheric deposits form on the electrical device, which promote conduction of the electrolytic type, good resistance to sparks and electric arcs is required from the material constituting the insulator. This is why porcelain, elastomers, synthetic resins or other similar materials are used to make the insulator.
Par ailleurs, les parties actives de l'appareil électrique, constituées dans le cas des transformateurs de circuits magnétiques, d'enroulements basse et haute tension, sont enrobées par moulage de résine synthétique solide, l'ensemble formant le corps de l'appareil électrique. Ainsi, cet appareil se trouve divisé en deux parties, l'une formée par l'ensemble des pièces en contact avec la haute tension, l'autre partie étant constituée de l'ensemble des pièces en contact avec la masse au potentiel de la terre. La surface du corps de l'appareil électrique, naturellement isolante, sera soumise au champ électrique régnant entre la partie haute tension et la partie basse tension raccordée à la terre. Elle sera donc le siège, comme l'isolateur, de décharges électriques rampantes qui, à la longue, pourront dégrader l'appareil et causer sa destruction.Furthermore, the active parts of the electrical apparatus, constituted in the case of transformers of magnetic circuits, of low and high voltage windings, are coated by molding with solid synthetic resin, the assembly forming the body of the electrical apparatus. . Thus, this device is divided into two parts, one formed by all of the parts in contact with the high voltage, the other part being made up of all the parts in contact with the ground at ground potential. . The naturally insulating surface of the body of the electrical appliance will be subjected to the electric field prevailing between the high voltage part and the low voltage part connected to earth. It will therefore be the seat, like the insulator, of creeping electric shocks which, in the long run, can degrade the device and cause its destruction.
En effet, les différentes régions de la surface d'un matériau isolant sont portées à des potentiels imprévisibles, très difficiles à déterminer, qui dépendent en particulier des champs électriques existant dans le voisinage. Lorsque, comme dans le cas des transformateurs électriques haute tension, il règne des champs électriques intenses, ceux-ci se répercutent à la surface des matériaux isolants sans que l'on puisse en déterminer a priori les lieux, d'où la formation de décharges électriques sauvages qui apparaissent aléatoirement à la surface des matériaux isolants et s'amplifient sous l'effet de l'humidité atmosphérique et de la pollution de l'isolateur.Indeed, the different regions of the surface of an insulating material are brought to unpredictable potentials, very difficult to determine, which depend in particular on the electric fields existing in the vicinity. When, as in the case of high-voltage electrical transformers, there are intense electric fields, these reverberate on the surface of the insulating materials without it being possible to determine a priori the places, hence the formation of discharges wild electrics which appear randomly on the surface of insulating materials and amplify under the effect of atmospheric humidity and pollution of the insulator.
Ce problème grave qui est de nature à détruire l'appareil électrique a pu être solutionné en recouvrant le corps de l'appareil électrique d'un dépôt métallique conducteur. Il s'agit généralement d'une couche relativement épaisse et solide de métal projeté à chaud tel que du zinc, afin de constituer une couche conductrice qui égalise le potentiel de la surface couverte. La couche conductrice est reliée soit au potentiel de la terre, soit à la borne haute tension selon la disposition choisie. De la sorte, les potentiels de surface sont fixés et les influences des champs électriques extérieurs sont dominées. Les risques de formation d'étincelles électriques rampantes sont totalement écartés. De plus, la couche conductrice doit être capable d'écouler le courant électrique dû à un arc éventuel le long de l'isolateur. En effet, ce dernier subit alors l'effet de concentration du champ électrique ligne haute tension/terre et par conséquent, c'est à ce niveau que doivent être prises les mesures pour diminuer les risques d'une rupture accidentelle, en cas de surtension instantanée, de l'isolation extérieure ou intérieure, par création d'un arc et simultanément pour interdire la formation de décharges électriques ionisantes à l'intérieur et au voisinage de l'isolateur.This serious problem which is likely to destroy the electrical appliance has been solved by covering the body of the electrical appliance with a conductive metallic deposit. It is generally a relatively thick and solid layer of hot sprayed metal such as zinc, in order to form a conductive layer which equalizes the potential of the covered surface. The conductive layer is connected either to the earth potential or to the high voltage terminal according to the chosen arrangement. In this way, the surface potentials are fixed and the influences of the external electric fields are dominated. The risks of creeping electrical sparks are completely eliminated. In addition, the conductive layer must be able to flow the electric current due to a possible arc along the insulator. Indeed, the latter then undergoes the effect of concentration of the high voltage line / earth electric field and therefore, it is at this level that measures must be taken to reduce the risk of accidental breakage, in the event of overvoltage instantaneous, external or internal insulation, by creating an arc and simultaneously to prevent the formation of ionizing electric discharges inside and in the vicinity of the insulator.
Dans ces conditions, la couche conductrice, mince malgré tout, se termine par une arête vive en regard de l'isolateur qui engendrera des étincelles en service et des arcs en cas de surtension sur le réseau, tandis que les courants de fuite le long de l'isolateur, qui prendront naissance sur cette arête, la dégraderont peu à peu en rongeant la couche métallique.Under these conditions, the conductive layer, thin despite everything, ends in a sharp edge facing the insulator which will generate sparks in service and arcs in the event of overvoltage on the network, while the leakage currents along the insulator, which will arise on this edge, will gradually degrade it by gnawing at the metallic layer.
Le but principal de la présente invention est de présenter une borne de raccordement haute tension améliorée au niveau de l'isolation. A cet égard, l'amélioration a été apportée à deux niveaux. D'une part en ce qui concerne l'extérieur de la borne, la surface de la tête de l'appareil ne sera plus le siège de la formation d'étincelles rampantes et par conséquent, sa longévité est assurée. Par ailleurs, grâce à des dispositions constructives particulières, la distribution du champ électrique entre les pièces sous tension et la masse à l'intérieur de l'isolateur est totalement maîtrisée pour éviter toute décharge électrique ionisante interne.The main object of the present invention is to present an improved high voltage connection terminal at the level of the insulation. In this regard, improvements have been made at two levels. On the one hand as regards the outside of the terminal, the surface of the head of the device will no longer be the seat of the formation of creeping sparks and consequently, its longevity is ensured. Furthermore, thanks to special constructive arrangements, the distribution of the electric field between the parts under voltage and ground inside the insulator is fully controlled to avoid any internal ionizing electrical discharge.
D'autres buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre qui n'est cependant donnée qu'à titre indicatif.Other objects and advantages of the present invention will emerge during the description which follows which is however given only for information.
La borne haute tension de raccordement pour appareils électriques tels que transformateur de courant ou de tension, comprenant au moins deux parties dont l'une, la tête, est raccordée à une ligne haute tension et l'autre, l'embase, avec la masse, toutes deux séparées par un isolateur tubulaire qui renferme un conduit où sont placés les conducteurs reliant la pièce de raccordement haute tension au circuit interne de l'appareil, est caractérisée par le fait que la tête est recouverte d'une couche métallique et qu'un anneau métallique est interposé entre ladite tête et l'isolateur.The high voltage connection terminal for electrical devices such as a current or voltage transformer, comprising at least two parts, one of which, the head, is connected to a high voltage line and the other, the base, with earth , both separated by a tubular insulator which encloses a conduit where the conductors connecting the high-voltage connection piece to the internal circuit of the device are placed, is characterized in that the head is covered with a metallic layer and that a metal ring is interposed between said head and the insulator.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description suivante, accompagnée de dessins en annexe parmi lesquels :
- la figure 1 schématise en vue de coupe la structure interne de la borne haute tension de raccordement selon la présente invention,
- la figure 2 représente en vue de détail la liaison entre l'anneau et la broche haute tension.
- la figure 3 schématise en vue de coupe la structure interne d'une borne haute tension de raccordement à montage inversé.
- FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically in section view the internal structure of the high-voltage connection terminal according to the present invention,
- Figure 2 shows in detail the connection between the ring and the high voltage pin.
- Figure 3 shows schematically in sectional view the internal structure of a high voltage connection terminal with reverse mounting.
La présente invention vise une borne haute tension de raccordement pour appareils électriques, tels que transformateur sec de courant ou de tension. Elle concerne principalement les constructeurs de matériels électriques.The present invention relates to a high-voltage connection terminal for electrical devices, such as a dry current or voltage transformer. It mainly concerns manufacturers of electrical equipment.
Quoique la présente invention ait été développée plus particulièrement dans le cadre de la construction de transformateurs de courant moyenne tension, elle pourra s'étendre pour tous les appareils moyenne et haute tension comportant des organes placés dans un boîtier isolant ou enrobés de résine isolante.Although the present invention has been developed more particularly in the context of the construction of medium voltage current transformers, it may extend to all medium and high voltage devices comprising members placed in an insulating housing or coated with insulating resin.
Les bornes de raccordement haute tension sont des organes électriques destinés à être branchés sur une ligne extérieure haute tension. Dans l'exemple du transformateur de courant pris ici, l'ensemble des organes électriques, c'est-à-dire noyau magnétique et bobinage haute et basse tension, sont noyés dans une résine moulée qui se présente sous la forme d'une tête (1) à la figure 1. La tête (1) est traversée par une broche (2) raccordée directement à la ligne haute tension extérieure. La broche (2) est fixée sur un support isolant (3) creux qui renferme les différents organes électriques. Ceci constitue la première partie de l'appareil qui est portée au potentiel haute tension.The high voltage connection terminals are electrical components intended to be connected to an external high-voltage line. In the example of the current transformer taken here, all of the electrical components, that is to say magnetic core and high and low voltage winding, are embedded in a molded resin which is in the form of a head (1) in Figure 1. The head (1) is crossed by a pin (2) connected directly to the external high voltage line. The pin (2) is fixed on a hollow insulating support (3) which encloses the various electrical components. This constitutes the first part of the device which is brought to the high voltage potential.
L'autre partie de la borne haute tension est constituée par l'embase (4) de fixation et qui est portée au potentiel de la terre. Les bornes basse tension de sortie de l'appareil sont fixées sur l'embase (4).The other part of the high-voltage terminal is formed by the fixing base (4) and which is brought to earth potential. The low voltage output terminals of the device are fixed to the base (4).
La tête (1) et l'embase (4) sont séparées par un isolateur tubulaire (5) à ailettes qui renferme un conduit (6) où sont placés les conducteurs non représentés de liaison électrique. Une différence de potentiel importante correspondant à la tension d'alimentation de l'appareil électrique en haute tension existe entre la tête (1) et l'embase (4).The head (1) and the base (4) are separated by a tubular insulator (5) with fins which encloses a conduit (6) where the conductors, not shown, of electrical connection are placed. A significant potential difference corresponding to the supply voltage of the high-voltage electrical device exists between the head (1) and the base (4).
L'isolateur à ailettes (5) doit présenter une ligne de fuite suffisante pour empêcher le cheminement des étincelles dues au champ électrique régnant entre la tête (1) et l'embase (4). Lorsqu'il pleut ou lorsque des dépôts atmosphériques plus ou moins conducteurs se forment sur l'appareil électrique, une bonne tenue aux étincelles rampantes et aux arcs électriques est exigée du matériau constituant l'isolateur. Ces phénomènes de conduction électrolytique sont très redoutables et ne peuvent totalement être éliminés. Un soin tout particulier devra être apporté quant au choix du matériau utilisé pour la fabrication de l'isolateur à ailettes (5) afin qu'il ne puisse se détruire sous l'action soit des arcs électriques, soit des étincelles rampantes. A titre d'exemple, il est souhaitable d'utiliser de la porcelaine, de l'élastomère, des résines synthétiques ou autres matériaux de nature différente de celle employée pour constituer l'enrobage des parties actives de l'appareil.The fin insulator (5) must have a sufficient creepage distance to prevent the passage of sparks due to the electric field prevailing between the head (1) and the base (4). When it rains or when more or less conductive atmospheric deposits form on the electrical apparatus, good resistance to creeping sparks and electric arcs is required of the material constituting the insulator. These electrolytic conduction phenomena are very formidable and cannot be totally eliminated. Particular care must be taken in the choice of material used for the manufacture of the fin insulator (5) so that it cannot be destroyed by the action of either electric arcs or creeping sparks. For example, it is desirable to use porcelain, elastomer, synthetic resins or other materials of a different nature from that used to form the coating of the active parts of the device.
Ces mêmes parties actives qui, dans le cas des transformateurs, sont constituées de circuits magnétiques, enroulements basse et haute tension, sont enrobées par moulage d'une résine synthétique solide, l'ensemble formant le corps de l'appareil. De la sorte, la surface de ce corps naturellement isolante sera soumise à l'action des champs électriques extérieurs. Par définition, les potentiels des différentes zones superficielles de ces matériaux isolants seront flottants et varieront en fonction des géométries de construction, de la proximité de conducteurs sous tension et également des conditions atmosphériques. Dans ces conditions, on verra apparaître à la surface des matériaux isolants des champs électriques totalement incontrôlables. Dans certaines circonstances, ils pourront donner naissance à des décharges ionisantes qui, à la longue, pourront sérieusement endommager l'appareil.These same active parts which, in the case of transformers, consist of magnetic circuits, low and high voltage windings, are coated by molding with a solid synthetic resin, the assembly forming the body of the device. In this way, the surface of this naturally insulating body will be subjected to the action of external electric fields. By definition, the potentials of the different surface areas of these insulating materials will be floating and will vary depending on the construction geometries, the proximity of live conductors and also atmospheric conditions. Under these conditions, we will see on the surface of insulating materials totally uncontrollable electric fields. In certain circumstances, they may give rise to ionizing discharges which, in the long run, can seriously damage the device.
Précisément, pour lutter contre ce genre de dégradations, les constructeurs recouvrent le corps de l'appareil d'un dépôt métallique relativement épais et solide. Ainsi, les surfaces isolantes sont éliminées et les champs électriques superficiels disparaissent. On relie ces couches conductrices soit au potentiel haute tension, soit au potentiel de la masse, pour définir précisément les pièces sous tension et les pièces à la terre et ainsi localiser avec précision les champs électriques. En pratique, les dépôts métalliques superficiels sont constitués d'une projection de zinc à chaud sur la résine pour former une couche conductrice égalisant le potentiel de la surface couverte.Specifically, to combat this kind of damage, the manufacturers cover the body of the device with a relatively thick and solid metal deposit. Thus, the insulating surfaces are eliminated and the superficial electric fields disappear. These conductive layers are connected either to the high voltage potential or to the ground potential, in order to precisely define the live parts and the grounded parts and thus precisely locate the electric fields. In practice, the surface metal deposits consist of a projection of hot zinc onto the resin to form a conductive layer equalizing the potential of the covered surface.
Dans l'exemple choisi de la figure 1, la partie extérieure de la tête (1) est recouverte d'une couche conductrice (7). Cette couche conductrice (7) est reliée au potentiel de la broche (2) et par conséquent à la ligne haute tension. Dans ces conditions, le champ électrique dans la partie extérieure de la borne est strictement limité à la partie comprise entre les extrémités supérieure et inférieure de l'isolateur (5) à ailettes. L'épaisseur de la couche conductrice (7) devra être suffisante pour supporter l'écoulement d'un courant électrique de fuite prenant naissance entre la broche (2) et l'embase (4).In the example chosen from Figure 1, the outer part of the head (1) is covered with a conductive layer (7). This conductive layer (7) is connected to the potential of the pin (2) and therefore to the high voltage line. Under these conditions, the electric field in the outer part of the terminal is strictly limited to the part between the upper and lower ends of the fin insulator (5). The thickness of the conductive layer (7) must be sufficient to withstand the flow of an electric leakage current originating between the pin (2) and the base (4).
Cette disposition donne satisfaction aux utilisateurs dans les premiers temps. En effet, la couche conductrice (7) est parfaitement à même à répondre aux exigences et en cas de naissance d'arcs électriques accidentels, l'étincelle rampante parcourt la surface extérieure de l'isolateur à ailettes (5) depuis la partie inférieure de la couche (7), c'est-à-dire la couronne d'appui de la tête (1) sur l'isolateur à ailettes (5), jusqu'à l'embase (4). Précisément, la couche superficielle (7) s'arrête au niveau de l'arête vive (8) de la couronne d'appui de la tête (1) sur l'isolateur (5). L'arête vive favorise la formation des étincelles en service et la création des arcs en cas de surtension sur le réseau. Les courants de fuite le long de l'isolateur (5) prendront également naissance au niveau de cette arête (8) et la dégraderont peu à peu en rongeant la couche métallique (7) à ce niveau.This provision gives satisfaction to the users at first. Indeed, the conductive layer (7) is perfectly able to meet the requirements and in the event of accidental arcing, the creeping spark travels the outer surface of the fin insulator (5) from the lower part of the layer (7), that is to say the crown for supporting the head (1) on the fin insulator (5), up to the base (4). Specifically, the surface layer (7) stops at the sharp edge (8) of the head support ring (1) on the insulator (5). The sharp edge promotes the formation of sparks in service and the creation of arcs in case of overvoltage on the network. Leakage currents along the insulator (5) will also arise at this edge (8) and will gradually degrade it by gnawing the metal layer (7) at this level.
Selon la présente invention, un anneau (9) est interposé entre la tête (1) et l'isolateur (5) tel que représenté à la figure 1. Dans ces conditions, l'arête vive (8) de la couronne d'appui de la tête (1) repose sur l'anneau métallique (9) et ce sera précisément cet anneau métallique (9) qui sera la pièce la plus proche de l'embase (4) et où sera concentré le champ électrique maximum. En cas de création d'arcs, l'étincelle prendra naissance au niveau de l'anneau (9) pour aller jusqu'à l'embase (4) et l'arête vive (8) de la tête (1) sera totalement protégée.According to the present invention, a ring (9) is interposed between the head (1) and the insulator (5) as shown in Figure 1. Under these conditions, the sharp edge (8) of the support ring of the head (1) rests on the metal ring (9) and it will be precisely this metal ring (9) which will be the part closest to the base (4) and where the maximum electric field will be concentrated. If arcs are created, the spark will arise at the level of the ring (9) to go to the base (4) and the sharp edge (8) of the head (1) will be completely protected .
La figure 2 représente en vue de détail la mise en place de l'anneau (9) à la partie supérieure de l'isolateur (5). Cet anneau métallique (9) présente un profil à bords arrondis. Ceci limite la création d'arcs électriques qui recherchent, pour prendre naissance, des formes anguleuses ou pointues.Figure 2 shows in detail the establishment of the ring (9) at the top of the insulator (5). This metal ring (9) has a profile with rounded edges. This limits the creation of electric arcs which seek, to take birth, angular or pointed forms.
Le diamètre extérieur de l'anneau (9) est supérieur à celui de la couronne d'appui de la tête (1). Ceci permet de protéger l'arête vive (8) de la couche métallique (7) en cas de naissance d'un arc électrique dont la trajectoire doit passer par l'anneau (9).The outer diameter of the ring (9) is greater than that of the head support ring (1). This makes it possible to protect the sharp edge (8) of the metal layer (7) in the event of the birth of an electric arc whose path must pass through the ring (9).
Afin de s'assurer que l'anneau (9) soit au potentiel haute tension et puisse écouler un courant important, avantageusement on relie l'anneau (9) à la broche (2) par une tresse (10) ou autre éliment conducteur tel qu'illustré à la figure 2.To ensure that the ring (9) is at high voltage potential and can flow a current important, advantageously the ring (9) is connected to the pin (2) by a braid (10) or other conductive element as illustrated in FIG. 2.
Il faut également veiller à ne pas créer ou tout au moins favoriser les décharges ionisantes qui peuvent entraîner la formation d'arcs à l'intérieur de la borne de raccordement haute tension. Pour cela, une solution consiste à interposer un écran isolant (11) entre le conduit (6) et l'anneau (9).Care must also be taken not to create or at least encourage ionizing discharges which can cause arcing inside the high voltage connection terminal. For this, one solution consists in interposing an insulating screen (11) between the conduit (6) and the ring (9).
L'anneau (9) pourra également se prolonger à l'intérieur de l'isolateur (5) par une surface cylindrique (12) telle qu'illustrée à la figure 1 terminée par un épanouissement (13).The ring (9) can also be extended inside the insulator (5) by a cylindrical surface (12) as illustrated in FIG. 1 terminated by a blooming (13).
On pourra également mettre en place un cylindre électrique isolant (14) prolongeant l'écran isolant (11) dans la partie intérieure de l'isolateur (5), qui s'interpose entre le conduit (6) et l'anneau (9) muni de son prolongement (12).We can also set up an electric insulating cylinder (14) extending the insulating screen (11) in the inner part of the insulator (5), which is interposed between the conduit (6) and the ring (9) provided with its extension (12).
Pour assurer l'étanchéité et notamment empêcher la communication vers l'extérieur d'un diélectrique liquide ou gazeux, baignant l'intérieur de l'isolateur, on met en place une série de joints (15) entre le cylindre isolant (14) et la partie isolante (16) de l'embase (4). Les deux pièces précédentes sont coaxiales, ce qui permet un coulissement de la pièce (14) dans la pièce (16).To seal and in particular prevent communication to the outside of a liquid or gaseous dielectric, bathing the interior of the insulator, a series of seals (15) is put in place between the insulating cylinder (14) and the insulating part (16) of the base (4). The two previous parts are coaxial, which allows the part (14) to slide into the part (16).
On pourra également mettre en place un joint torique dans l'anneau (9) pour assurer l'étanchéité aux gaz ou aux liquides isolants entre la tête (1) et l'isolateur (5).We can also install an O-ring in the ring (9) to seal the gas or insulating liquids between the head (1) and the insulator (5).
Dans l'exemple des figures précédentes, le corps de l'appareil renfermant les différents organes électriques tels que bobinage haute tension, basse tension et noyau, était enfermé dans le corps de l'appareil, c'est-à-dire la tête (1) en résine moulée placée à la partie supérieure de l'appareil. On peut cependant parfaitement envisager la construction inverse, telle qu'illustrée à la figure 3 dans laquelle la tête (1) renfermant les différents organes électriques est située dans la partie basse de l'appareil. Dans ce cas, la broche (2) de raccordement à la haute tension est remplacée par des plots (17 et 18) fixés sur un support isolant (19) placé au sommet de l'isolateur (5) et relié à la tête (1) par des conducteurs électriques introduits dans le conduit central (6) de liaison.In the example of the previous figures, the body of the device containing the various electrical components such as high voltage, low voltage and core winding, was enclosed in the body of the device, that is to say the head ( 1) in molded resin placed at the top of the device. However, it is perfectly possible to envisage the reverse construction, as illustrated in FIG. 3 in which the head (1) containing the various electrical members is located in the lower part of the device. In this case, the high voltage connection pin (2) is replaced by studs (17 and 18) fixed on an insulating support (19) placed at the top of the insulator (5) and connected to the head (1) by electrical conductors introduced in the central connection conduit (6) .
Les noyaux magnétiques, bobinages primaire et secondaire, sont noyés dans un boîtier moulé (3) placé dans la tête (1) qui est recouverte d'une couche conductrice (7) reliée à la terre.The magnetic cores, primary and secondary windings, are embedded in a molded case (3) placed in the head (1) which is covered with a conductive layer (7) connected to the ground.
Pour éviter que des arcs électriques puissent prendre naissance entre les plots haute tension (17 et 18) et la surface extérieure (7) de la tête (1), un anneau (9) est interposé entre l'isolateur (5) et la tête (1) à la base dudit isolateur, tel qu'illustré à la figure 3. Cet anneau (9) est mis au potentiel de la terre et forme donc un écran de protection vis-à-vis de la pellicule conductrice (7).To avoid that arcs can arise between the high voltage pads (17 and 18) and the outer surface (7) of the head (1), a ring (9) is interposed between the insulator (5) and the head (1) at the base of said insulator, as illustrated in FIG. 3. This ring (9) is set to earth potential and therefore forms a protective screen against the conductive film (7).
D'autres mises en oeuvre de la présente invention, à la portée de l'Homme de l'Art, pourraient également être envisagées sans pour autant sortir du cadre de celle-ci.Other implementations of the present invention, within the reach of ordinary skill in the art, could also be envisaged without departing from the scope thereof.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9100344A FR2671670B1 (en) | 1991-01-10 | 1991-01-10 | HIGH VOLTAGE CONNECTION TERMINAL. |
FR9100344 | 1991-01-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0494807A1 true EP0494807A1 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
EP0494807B1 EP0494807B1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
Family
ID=9408654
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92400016A Expired - Lifetime EP0494807B1 (en) | 1991-01-10 | 1992-01-03 | High voltage binding post |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0494807B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE136164T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU661291B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69209325T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2084298T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2671670B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2719704A1 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1995-11-10 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Electrical cable connection e.g. for connecting electrically-conductive rod or cable to voltage transformer equipment |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019214006A1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-03-18 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Cover unit for a converter head of a high-voltage converter device, converter head and high-voltage converter device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3643003A (en) * | 1970-04-24 | 1972-02-15 | Ite Imperial Corp | Transformer termination for metal-enclosed, compressed-gas-insulated electrical conductors |
US4234757A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1980-11-18 | Amerace Corporation | Electrical cable accessories configured for lubricated installation |
EP0037796A1 (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-10-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Current transformer having fluid insulant |
EP0038284A1 (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-10-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Inductive voltage transformer, with gas or fluid insulation |
EP0147979A1 (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1985-07-10 | Raychem Limited | High voltage connector |
-
1991
- 1991-01-10 FR FR9100344A patent/FR2671670B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-01-03 EP EP92400016A patent/EP0494807B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 DE DE69209325T patent/DE69209325T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-01-03 ES ES92400016T patent/ES2084298T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 AT AT92400016T patent/ATE136164T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-10 AU AU10131/92A patent/AU661291B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3643003A (en) * | 1970-04-24 | 1972-02-15 | Ite Imperial Corp | Transformer termination for metal-enclosed, compressed-gas-insulated electrical conductors |
US4234757A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1980-11-18 | Amerace Corporation | Electrical cable accessories configured for lubricated installation |
EP0037796A1 (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-10-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Current transformer having fluid insulant |
EP0038284A1 (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-10-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Inductive voltage transformer, with gas or fluid insulation |
EP0147979A1 (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1985-07-10 | Raychem Limited | High voltage connector |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2719704A1 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1995-11-10 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Electrical cable connection e.g. for connecting electrically-conductive rod or cable to voltage transformer equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1013192A (en) | 1992-07-16 |
FR2671670B1 (en) | 1993-04-09 |
FR2671670A1 (en) | 1992-07-17 |
DE69209325T2 (en) | 1996-08-14 |
DE69209325D1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
ATE136164T1 (en) | 1996-04-15 |
EP0494807B1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
AU661291B2 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
ES2084298T3 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
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