EP0493633B1 - Elektromagnetisches Ventilsteuersystem - Google Patents

Elektromagnetisches Ventilsteuersystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0493633B1
EP0493633B1 EP90314458A EP90314458A EP0493633B1 EP 0493633 B1 EP0493633 B1 EP 0493633B1 EP 90314458 A EP90314458 A EP 90314458A EP 90314458 A EP90314458 A EP 90314458A EP 0493633 B1 EP0493633 B1 EP 0493633B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust valve
valve
auxiliary exhaust
combustion chamber
auxiliary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90314458A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0493633A1 (de
Inventor
Hideo Kawamura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co Ltd filed Critical Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority to DE69007979T priority Critical patent/DE69007979T2/de
Priority to EP90314458A priority patent/EP0493633B1/de
Publication of EP0493633A1 publication Critical patent/EP0493633A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0493633B1 publication Critical patent/EP0493633B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic valve control system for controlling two exhaust valves, i.e., main and auxiliary exhaust valves, of an engine so that the auxiliary exhaust valve is opened prior to the main exhaust valve.
  • Intake and exhaust valves of some conventional engines are opened and closed by a camshaft.
  • the camshaft is operatively connected to the crankshaft of the engine, so that the timing of opening and closing the intake and exhaust valves with respect to the angle of the crankshaft cannot be varied as the rotational speed of the engine varies. Since the timing of opening and closing the intake and exhaust valves is adjusted in advance to achieve a high engine efficiency at a particular engine rotational speed, the engine efficiency is lowered when the engine rotates at speeds other than the particular engine rotational speed.
  • the intake and exhaust valves themselves can be opened and closed under relatively small forces.
  • a large force is required to be applied to the exhaust valve since the exhaust valve has to be moved against the pressure developed in the combustion chamber. Therefore, the electromagnet for actuating the exhaust valve is large in size, or the exhaust valve may not be opened due to the lack of a sufficient valve actuating force.
  • the electromagnetic force required to open the exhaust valve against the pressure in the combustion chamber is 40 kg (392N).
  • an electromagnetic force of about 80 kg (784N) must be generated by the electromagnet.
  • US-A-4779582 discloses an engine in which there are two inlet or exhaust valves, one being set to open before the other.
  • an engine comprising: a combustion chamber; a main exhaust valve and an auxiliary exhaust valve each having a surface facing the combustion chamber; and, an electromagnetic valve control system for electromagnetically opening and closing the main and auxiliary exhaust valves comprising a movable magnetic plate confronting a shank end of the auxiliary exhaust valve, an electromagnet having a fixed magnetic pole confronting the movable magnetic plate and energizable for causing said fixed magnetic pole to attract said movable magnetic plate in a direction to open the auxiliary exhaust valve ; a spring for normally urging the auxiliary exhaust valve in a closing direction, and control means for energizing said electromagnet prior to operation of the main exhaust valve; characterised by: the area of the surface of the auxiliary exhaust valve being smaller than the area of the main exhaust valve facing the combustion chamber.
  • the magnetic plate At the timing to start discharging exhaust gases from a combustion chamber, the magnetic plate is attracted by an electromagnet into abutment against the shank end of the auxiliary exhaust valve, and forces the auxiliary exhaust valve in an opening direction.
  • the auxiliary exhaust valve When the auxiliary exhaust valve is opened, the exhaust gases are discharged from the combustion chamber, and the pressure in the combustion is quickly lowered. Forces required to open a main exhaust valve subsequently may thus be reduced.
  • Fig. 1 shows an internal combustion engine which incorporates an electromagnetic valve control system according to the present invention.
  • the engine has a main exhaust valve 11 made of a lightweight high-hardness material such as a ceramic material or a heat-resistant lightweight alloy material.
  • the main exhaust valve 11 has an axial end connected to a valve actuator 1 for opening and closing the main exhaust valve 11.
  • the engine also has an auxiliary exhaust valve 21 and an intake valve 31 which are disposed adjacent to the main exhaust valve 11.
  • the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 has a valve head which is smaller in diameter than the valve head of the main exhaust valve 11.
  • Each of the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 and the intake valve 31 is also made of a lightweight high-hardness material such as a ceramic material or a heat-resistant lightweight alloy material.
  • the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 and the intake valve 31 have respective axial ends connected to respective valve actuators 2, 3 for opening and closing the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 and the intake valve 31, respectively.
  • the main exhaust valve 11, the auxiliary exhaust valve 21, and the intake valve 31 face a combustion chamber 4 which is partly defined by a piston 41 disposed therebelow.
  • the piston 41 is coupled to the pin journal of a crankshaft 43 through a connecting rod 42.
  • the rotational speed of the crankshaft 43 and the rotational angle ⁇ of the crankshaft of the engine are detected by a rotation sensor 44.
  • the rotation sensor 44 and the valve actuators 1, 2, 3 are electrically connected to an input/output interface 54 of a control unit 5.
  • the input/output interface 54 receives signals from the rotation sensor 44 and applies control signals to the valve actuators 1, 2, 3.
  • the control unit 5 also has a ROM 52 for storing a control program and various data maps, a CPU 51 for carrying out arithmetic operations according to the program stored in the ROM 52, a RAM 53 for temporarily storing data and the results of arithmetic operations, and a control memory 55 for controlling the flow of signals in the control unit 5.
  • valve actuators 1, 2 will now be described below.
  • valve actuator 3 is identical in construction to the valve actuator 1, and hence will not be described.
  • Fig. 2 shows the valve actuators 1, 2 in plan
  • Fig. 3 shows the valve actuators 1, 2 in cross section.
  • the valve actuator 2 has a core 22 made of a magnetic material and having fixed magnetic poles positioned slightly below the upper shank end of the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 as it is closed.
  • the fixed magnetic poles of the core 22 can be magnetized by an exciting coil 23.
  • a magnetic plate 25 is slidably supported on the fixed magnetic poles by guide bars 24 of a nonmagnetic material.
  • the guide bars 24 are normally urged to move upwardly as viewed in Fig. 3.
  • the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 is normally urged to move upwardly under the bias of a spring 27 disposed under compression between the stopper 28 and the core 22.
  • the valve actuator 1 comprises a movable member mounted on the upper shank end of the main exhaust valve 11.
  • the movable member comprises a cylindrical magnetic path element 15 and a plurality of secondary coils 16 extending around the outer circumference of the magnetic path element 15.
  • the secondary coils 16 are produced by pouring melted aluminum into grooves defined in the outer circumference of the magnetic path element 15.
  • the magnetic path element 15 is made of a magnetic material for increasing the flux density to act on the secondary coils 16.
  • the magnetic path element 15 comprises thin radial plates of a magnetic amorphous metallic material which are combined into a cylindrical shape.
  • the magnetic path element 15 defines a magnetic path for the passage of magnetic fluxes from fixed magnetic poles (described later).
  • the movable member is normally urged by a spring 18 in a direction to close the main exhaust valve 11 in order to prevent the main exhaust valve 11 from dropping into the combustion chamber 4 while the engine is not operating.
  • a pair of actuator units 17 is disposed alongside of the movable member, one on each side thereof.
  • Each of the actuator units 17 comprises fixed magnetic poles disposed in confronting relation to the secondary coils 16, and exciting coils wound around the respective fixed magnetic poles.
  • the exciting coils are supplied with alternating currents from the control unit 5 to produce a traveling magnetic field which acts on the secondary coils 16 of the movable member
  • a magnetic plate 14 which is slightly spaced from the movable member when the main exhaust valve 11 is seated.
  • a lower electromagnet is disposed also alongside of the movable member, the lower electromagnet having a pair of fixed magnet poles disposed one on each side of the main exhaust valve 11.
  • the fixed magnetic poles of the lower electromagnet are positioned downwardly of the upper end surface of the movable member when the main exhaust valve 11 is closed.
  • the lower electromagnet also has a lower coil 13 for magnetizing the fixed magnetic poles.
  • the magnetic plate 14 is reciprocally movably connected to the fixed magnetic poles of the lower electromagnet through guide bars of a nonmagnetic material.
  • the magnetic plate 14 is attracted thereby into abutment against the upper end of the movable member, thereby driving the movable member downwardly.
  • the magnetic plate 14 is normally urged to move upwardly by springs (not shown).
  • Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves and the pressure in the combustion chamber 4.
  • the curves shown in the upper side of the diagram of Fig. 4 correspond to cam profile curves.
  • the horizontal axis of the diagram represents the crankshaft angle ⁇ and the vertical axis the distance which the valves are moved, i.e., the valve lift L.
  • the curve a shows the manner in which the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 is opened and closed
  • the curve b shows the manner in which the main exhaust valve 11 is opened and closed
  • the curve c shows the manner in which the intake valve 31 is opened and closed.
  • the curve in the lower side of the diagram indicates how the pressure P (gage pressure) in the combustion chamber 4 varies with respect to the crankshaft angle ⁇ , the pressure P being represented by the vertical axis.
  • the control unit 5 When the crankshaft angle ⁇ detected by the rotation sensor 44 reaches the timing of starting to discharge the exhaust gases, as calculated by the control unit 5, the control unit 5 energizes the coils 23 to attract the magnetic plate 25 for thereby opening the auxiliary exhaust valve 21. Though the exhaust port opened by the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 is small in area, the exhaust gases are quickly discharged therethrough from the combustion chamber 4 since the pressure in the combustion chamber 4 is high.
  • the exciting coils of the actuator units 17 are supplied with alternating currents to move the main exhaust valve 11 in the opening direction through the coaction between currents induced in the secondary coils 16 and a traveling magnetic field produced by the fixed magnetic poles of the actuator units 17.
  • the pressure P in the combustion chamber 4 is about 5 Kg/cm2. If the surface area of the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 which faces the combustion chamber 4 is 2 cm2, then the electromagnetic force required to open the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 against the pressure in the combustion chamber 4 is only 10 Kg (98N).
  • the accelerating force for the auxiliary exhaust valve 21 when it is opened may be smaller than the accelerating force for the main exhaust valve 11.
  • the valve actuator 1 is required to produce electromagnetic forces only large enough to accelerate the main exhaust valve 11.
  • the valve actuator 3 is also required to produce electromagnetic forces only large enough to accelerate the intake valve 31 as it is opened.
  • valve actuators 1, 2, 3 are required to produce electromagnetic forces only large enough to actuate the respectively associated valves for the control of the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves.
  • main exhaust valve 11 and only one auxiliary exhaust valve 21 are described, there may be employed a plurality of main exhaust valve 11 or a plurality of auxiliary valve 21 or both.
  • the timing to start discharging the exhaust gases may be varied depending on the load on the engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Maschine mit
    einem Verbrennungsraum (4) ;
    einem Hauptauslaßventil (11) und einem Hilfsauslaßventil (21), von denen jedes eine Oberfläche aufweist, die zum Verbrennungsraum gerichtet ist; und
    einem elektromagnetischen Ventilsteuersystem zum elektromagnetischen Öffnen und Schließen des Haupt- und Hilfsauslaßventils, das eine magnetische Platte (25) umfaßt, welche einem Schaftende des Hilfsauslaßventils gegenübersteht, scwie einem Elektromagneten (23), der einen festen magnetischen Pol aufweist, welcher der bewegbaren magnetischen Platte gegenübersteht und erregbar ist, zum Einwirken auf den festen magnetischen Pol, so daß die bewegbare magnetische Platte angezogen wird, in eine Richtung zum Öffnen des Hilfsauslaßventils;
    einer Feder zum normalen Vorwärtsbewegen des Hilfsauslaßventils in eine Schließrichtung; und
    Steuermitteln (5) zum Erregen des Elektromagneten vor dem Betrieb des Hauptauslaßventils, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß
    der Bereich der Hilfsauslaßventil-Oberfläche kleiner ist als der Bereich des Hauptauslaßventils, der zum Verbrennungsraum gerichtet ist.
EP90314458A 1990-12-31 1990-12-31 Elektromagnetisches Ventilsteuersystem Expired - Lifetime EP0493633B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69007979T DE69007979T2 (de) 1990-12-31 1990-12-31 Elektromagnetisches Ventilsteuersystem.
EP90314458A EP0493633B1 (de) 1990-12-31 1990-12-31 Elektromagnetisches Ventilsteuersystem

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP90314458A EP0493633B1 (de) 1990-12-31 1990-12-31 Elektromagnetisches Ventilsteuersystem

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0493633A1 EP0493633A1 (de) 1992-07-08
EP0493633B1 true EP0493633B1 (de) 1994-04-06

Family

ID=8205672

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90314458A Expired - Lifetime EP0493633B1 (de) 1990-12-31 1990-12-31 Elektromagnetisches Ventilsteuersystem

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EP (1) EP0493633B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69007979T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19814803A1 (de) * 1998-04-02 1999-10-14 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine
JP3907835B2 (ja) * 1998-06-25 2007-04-18 日産自動車株式会社 車両用エンジンの動弁装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2932674A1 (de) * 1979-08-11 1981-02-26 Buchholz Hans Juergen Elektromagnetische ventilsteuerung fuer 4-takt-ottomotoren
US4779582A (en) * 1987-08-12 1988-10-25 General Motors Corporation Bistable electromechanical valve actuator
DE3826978A1 (de) * 1988-08-09 1990-02-15 Meyer Hans Wilhelm Elektromagnetisch betaetigbare stellvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69007979T2 (de) 1994-07-21
DE69007979D1 (de) 1994-05-11
EP0493633A1 (de) 1992-07-08

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