Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
  • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
  • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for reduc- ing wear on nozzles or other supply means when finely di ⁇ viding a slurry consisting of a particulate absorbent suspended in water, in a reactor for separating gaseous pollutants from flue gas containing fly ash.
• the flue gas with a substantial portion of its fly ash contents, is supplied to the reactor.
• the finely divided slurry is mixed with the flue gas.
• gaseous pol ⁇ lutants of the flue gas such as sulphuric dioxide and gaseous hydrogen chloride, are however usually not removed but are emitted to the atmosphere where they are a consid ⁇ erable strain on the environment.
• the apparatus for cleaning flue gas is supplemented with a contact reactor.
• the flue gas is mixed with an absorbent reacting with the gaseous pollutants and converting them into par ⁇ ticulate pollutants which can be separated in ordinary separators.
• the contact reactor therefore is in most cases positioned upstream of the existing separators so as not to necessitate an addi ⁇ tional separator downstream of the contact reactor.
• the absorbent which is supplied to the contact reac ⁇ tor cannot be fully utilised in a single passage through the system. To reduce the working expenses, the absorbent is usually recycled a number of times before removal.
• Un- reacted absorbent is separated together with reaction pro ⁇ ducts and fly ash and recycled to the contact reactor, for example in the form of a slurry which is finely divided when flowing out at a high velocity from compressed-air nozzles or rotary means. Since the fly ash includes rela- tively coarse, very hare particles, it will have an abra ⁇ sive effect on nozzles or equivalent supply means for fine division.
• Fly ash especially fly .ash from coal, includes a large amount of oxides which are used in many contexts as abrasives. Problems are therefore always involved in con ⁇ veying fly ash or material including fly ash by means of a flowing gas or liquid.
• the wear on the conveying devices highly depends on the velocity of the fly ash particles. The higher the ve ⁇ locity, the greater will the wear be. In bends and narrow passages and in stop valves, this wear may require repairs at short intervals.
• the object of the present invention therefore is to provide a simple and effective method for reducing the wear on the nozzles of a contact reactor or equivalent supply means. Solution of the problem
• the present invention reduces the problems with wear on nozzles or other supply means when finely dividing a slurry in a contact reactor where the absorbent is re- cycled, in that the portion of the fly ash having the greatest particles is separated before or in the recycling system proper. Since the heaviest particles have the highest kinetic energy and the highest momentum, they cause substantially more wear than the smaller particles of the same composition.
• the coarse fly ash particles can be sorted out in several different ways and according to a number of physical principles. Gravitation, inertial forces and electric or magnetic forces etc. may be utilised. The sorting out can take place before or in the contact reactor or in the recycling part of the system.
• a single cyclone or screen-type separator mounted before the reactor can separate the very biggest particles already before they reach the reactor.
• a suitably designed reactor can, if adapted to use inertia effects or gravita ⁇ tion, also function as a separator.
• a certain fractiona- tion of the fly ash portion in the recycled material can be effected if that separated in the reactor is not re ⁇ cycled at all, but only that separated in a subsequent filter.
• the fly ash usually has such a size distribution that a large portion is coarser than the absorbent, preferably particles of slaked lime, which is suspended in water to be introduced into contact reactors of the type involved in this application.
• the slaked lime is however composed of agglomerates of particles. These agglomerates can be of the same size as the fly ash particles that are desired to be separated. Common dynamic separators will therefore not always yield satisfactory results.
• the present invention suggests that the separation be performed in liquid phase.
• This is suitably performed in that the dry pulverulent material intended for recycling is suspended in a liquid, such as water, so that any agglomerates formed from the absorbent are decomposed, whereupon the resulting slurry is conducted through a device to be divided into one fraction of coarse particles and one fraction of fine particles.
• This divi ⁇ sion can be effected by e.g. electric or magnetic forces under certain conditions, but is preferably performed by means of a dynamic separator, such as a hydrocyclone. Description of a proposed embodiment The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows an apparatus for cleaning flue gas from a coal-fired central boiler plant, said apparatus comprising a suitable device for carrying out the method according to the present invention.
• the flue gas formed during combustion of coal in the central boiler plant 1 shown in the drawing is conducted to an air preheater 2. This is adapted to transfer heat from the hot flue gas to combustion air which via a duct 2a is supplied to the central boiler plant by means of a fan 3. Subsequently, the flue gas is conducted, without prior separation of its fly ash contents, via a duct 4 to a contact reactor 5 where it is mixed with a particulate absorbent, preferably slaked lime, said absorbent being reactive with the gaseous pollutants of the flue gas, such as sulphur dioxide and gaseous hydrogen chloride.
• the ab ⁇ sorbent is supplied in the form of an aqueous slurry via a conduit 7 to nozzle assemblies 6 mounted in the upper part of the reactor. The preparation of the slurry and the composition thereof will be described in greater detail later on in the specification.
• the nozzle assemblies can be designed for example as disclosed in European Patents 82110320.7 and 85850112.5.
• the slurry is finely divided by means of air which is supplied to the nozzle assemblies via a conduit 8 at a pressure above the pres ⁇ sure of the slurry.
• air flows at a high velocity through the slurry and decomposes this so that it leaves the nozzles of the nozzle assemblies in the form of finely divided jets of mist 9.
• jets of mist are sprayed into the interior of the contact reactor 5 so that effective mixing of the flue gas and the slurry is achieved.
• the water of the slurry is- evaporated while contacting the flue gas, and the gaseous pollutants of the flue gas simultaneously react with the absorbent and are transformed into particulate pollutants.
• the heavier particles of these particulate pollu ⁇ tants, unreacted absorbent and the fly ash contents of the flue gas drop into dust hoppers 10 formed in the bottom of the contact reactor.
• the remaining particles are conducted by the flue gas via a duct 12 to an electrostatic preci- pitator 13.
• these particles are separated from the flue gas which is led through a duct 14 to a flue gas fan 15 which, through a duct 16, feeds the flue gas cleaned of particulate and gaseous pollutants to a chimney 17 for emission into the atmosphere.
• the particles separated in the electrostatic precipi- tator 13 are collected in dust hoppers 18 formed in the bottom thereof.
• the water-borne particles are classified so that the coarse particles, mainly fly ash particles, are thrown against the walls of the hydro ⁇ cyclone and drop onto the funnel-shaped bottom thereof. From here, these particles are conveyed together with the part of the water of the slurry that is collected on the bottom of the hydrocyclone through a conduit 25 to a mixer 26.
• the coarse particles of the slurry are mixed with the particles which are collected in the dust hoppers 10 and supplied to the mixer through a conduit 27.
• the fine particles of the slurry accompany the major part of the water of the slurry out of the central part of the hydrocyclone and from there through a conduit 30 to a container 31 where it is mixed, by means of an agitator 33, with a fresh absorbent, preferably slaked lime, supplied through a conduit 32. Subsequently, this mixture is supplied to the contact re ⁇ actor 5 through the conduit 7, see ne beginning of the description of the figures.
• the invention is of course not restricted to the embodiment described above but can be modified in various ways within the scope of the appended claims.
• the division of the particles into one fraction of fine particles and one fraction of coarse particles can be provided by means of electric or magnetic forces instead of by means of dynamic separators, such as cyclones.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

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• 1989
  • 1989-08-22 SE SE8902797A patent/SE465955B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1990
  • 1990-08-13 JP JP51205190A patent/JPH05500024A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-08-13 AU AU62821/90A patent/AU635327B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1990-08-13 WO PCT/SE1990/000524 patent/WO1991002583A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-08-13 CA CA 2059535 patent/CA2059535A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-08-13 EP EP19900912989 patent/EP0491742A1/en not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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